英语 必修 第一册 WY
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
一、阅读单词
1.pine n. 松树
2.pineapple n. 菠萝
3.ham n. 火腿
4.eggplant n. 茄子
5.seasick adj. 晕船的
6.airsick adj. 晕机的
7.carsick adj. 晕车的
8.homesick adj. 想家的
9.capitalized adj. 大写的
二、核心单词
1.opposing adj. (观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的
2.unique adj. 独一无二的，独特的
3.alarm n. 警报器；闹钟
4.reflect v. 显示，反映
三、拓展单词(可查字典)
1.sculpt v. 雕刻，雕塑→sculpture n. 雕像，雕刻品，雕塑作品
2.behavior n. 举止，行为→behave vi. 表现；举止端正 vt. 表现得体
3.confusing adj. 令人困惑的→confused adj. 糊涂的，迷糊的；难懂的，混乱的→confusion n. 混淆；混乱；困惑→confuse vt. 混淆；使困惑；使糊涂
4.creativity n. 创造性，创造力→create v. 创造→creative adj. 创造(性)的→creation n. 创造；创建；作品；创作
四、熟词生义
1.title 熟义：n. 题目，标题
生义：n. (书刊的)一种，一本；称号，头衔，职称，称谓；冠军 v. 加标题，定题目
2.visible 熟义：adj. 看得见的，可见的
生义：adj. (影响)明显的，显然的，可察觉的；引人注目的
五、核心短语
1.burn__up 烧毁，烧尽
2.burn__down 烧毁
3.wind__up 给(机械)上发条；使(活动、 会议等)结束
课文三维剖析
Neither Pine nor Apple in Pineapple
菠萝≠松树＋苹果
Have you ever asked yourself why1 people often have trouble learning2 English？ I hadn't， until one day my five year old son asked me whether3 there was ham in a hamburger. There isn't. This made me realize that4 there's no egg in eggplant either. Neither5 is there pine nor apple in pineapple. This got me thinking6 how7 English can be a crazy language to learn. 你有没有问过自己，为什么人们常常觉得学英语很困难？我以前从未想过这个问题，直到有一天，我5岁的儿子问我 hamburger(汉堡包)里面有没有ham(火腿)。答案是没有。这让我意识到，eggplant(茄子)里面也没有egg(鸡蛋)，而 pineapple(菠萝)里既没有 pine(松树)，也没有apple(苹果)。这让我陷入思考：对于学习者而言，英语到底可以有多疯狂呢？ For example8 ， in our free time we can sculpt a sculpture and paint a painting， but9 we take a photo. And when10 we are traveling we say that11 we are in the car or the taxi， but on the train or bus！ While12 we're doing all this traveling， we can get seasick at sea， airsick in the air and carsick in a car， but13 we don't get homesick when14 we get back home. And speaking of home15 ， why aren't homework and housework the same thing？ 例如，闲暇时我们可以雕一座雕像(sculpt a sculpture)、画一幅画(paint a painting)，但只能拍一张照片(take a photo)。旅行时，我们坐汽车或出租车时是说坐在里面(in)，坐火车或公共汽车时却要说坐在上面(on)！同样，我们会在海上晕船(seasick at sea)、在飞机里晕机(airsick in the air)、在车里晕车(carsick in a car)，但回到家里我们却不会“晕家”(homesick，实际意义为“思乡的”）。说到家，为什么homework(家庭作业）和housework(家务）(这两个英语单词看起来很像意思却）不是一回事呢？ If16 “hard” is the opposite of “soft”， why are “hardly” and “softly” not an opposing pair？ If17 harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions， why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same？ 如果说 hard(硬）是 soft(软）的反义词，为什么hardly(几乎不）和 softly(柔和地）却不是一对反义词？如果说harmless actions(无害行为）和 harmful actions(有害行为）意思相反，为什么 shameless behaviors(无耻行为）和 shameful behaviors(可耻行为）反而是一回事？ When18 we look out of the window and see rain or snow， we can say “it's raining” or “it's snowing”. But when19 we see sunshine， we can't say “it's sunshining”. 当我们望向窗外，看到雨(rain）或雪(snow）时，我们可以说正在下雨(it's raining）或正在下雪(it's snowing）。可我们看见阳光(sunshine）的时候却不能说“正在下阳光”(it's sunshining）。 Even the smallest words can be confusing. When20 you see the capitalized “WHO” in a medical report， do you read it as the “who” in “Who's that？” What about “IT” and “US”？ 就算是最短小的单词都让人费解。如果你在医学报告中看到大写的 WHO，你会把它读成Who's that？中的who吗？那么IT和US又该怎么读呢？ You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down， in which you fill in a form by filling it out21 ， and in which22 an alarm is only heard once23 it goes off！ 英语这门语言独有的疯狂令你不得不感到惊奇。在英语里，房子烧成灰烬的时候，可以说 burn up(字面意思为“烧上去”），也可以说burn down(字面意思为“烧下去”）；填表的时候，你可以fill in a form(字面意思为“填入表里”），也可以 fill out a form(字面意思为“填到表外”）；而且只有闹钟走了(go off 字面意思为“离开”）以后你才能听到铃声！ English was invented by people， not computers， and24 it reflects the creativity of the human race. That is why25 when26 the stars are out， they are visible， but27 when28 the lights are out， they are invisible. And that is why when I wind up my watch， it starts， but when I wind up this passage， it ends. 英语是人创造的，不是计算机发明的，它反映了人类的创造力。这就是为什么 stars are out(星星出来了）的时候我们能看到星星，而lights are out(灯灭了）的时候我们却看不到灯光。这也是当我 wind up my watch(给手表上紧发条）以后表针开始走，而我 wind up this passage(将本文收尾）后这篇文章结束的原因。 1 引导宾语从句，作动词asked的宾语 2 have trouble (in) doing sth意为“做某事有困难” 3 引导宾语从句，作动词asked的宾语 4 引导宾语从句，作动词realize的宾语 5 否定副词置于句首，句子使用部分倒装 6 现在分词作宾语补足语 7 引导宾语从句，作动词thinking的宾语 8 插入语 9 连接并列句 10 引导时间状语从句 11 引导宾语从句，作动词say的宾语 12 引导时间状语从句 13 连接并列句 14 引导时间状语从句 15 插入语 16 引导条件状语从句 17 引导条件状语从句 18 引导时间状语从句 19 引导时间状语从句 20 引导时间状语从句 21 动名词短语作宾语 22 三个由介词＋关系代词引导的定语从句，修饰a__language 23 引导时间状语从句 24 连接并列句 25引导表语从句 26 引导时间状语从句 27 连接并列句 28 引导时间状语从句
阅读领悟
一、课文分段主旨大意
二、问题链
1.Can you think of similar examples in Chinese？ For example， there isn't a wife in a “Laopobing”.
There__is__no__fish__in__“Yuxiangrousi”；__There__is__no__lion__in__“Shizitou”；__There__are__no__husband__and__wife__in__“Fuqifeipian”.
2.What does English seem to be like according to the author？
A__language__with__unique__madness.
探究一 高频词
1.opposing adj. (观点、意见等）相反的，相对立的(教材P19）
→oppose vt. 反对；对抗，抗争 vi. 反对 →opposed adj. 相反的；敌对的；反对的 →opponent n. 对手；反对者；敌手 adj. 对立的，敌对的 →opposition n. 反对，反抗，对抗 (1)oppose (doing) sth 反对(做)某事 oppose sb/sb's doing sth 反对某人做某事 (2)be opposed to (doing) sth 反对(做)某事，不赞成(做)某事
【语境感知】
①I have a friend who had the opposing view and felt that the space exploration was not worthy.
我有一个朋友持相反的观点，他认为太空探索是不值得的。(观点表达)
② I would oppose changing the law.
我将反对改变这个法规。
③He was strongly opposed to the idea.
他坚决反对那个主意。
【靶向小练】
①Good habits always lead to maximum efficiency， while bad habits bring the opposing (oppose) results.
②The witness opposed turning (turn) up at the court， which made him worried.
③She is strongly opposed to purchasing something that is at a discount.
④这就是为什么我反对在我的社区附近建造工厂。
This is why I__oppose/am__opposed__to__building a factory near my community.
2.alarm n. 警报器；闹钟；惊恐，担忧 vt. 使惊恐，使害怕(教材P20）
→alarmed adj. 担忧的；惊恐的；感到恐慌的 →alarming adj. 使人惊恐的；令人担忧的 (1)in alarm 惊恐地 raise/sound the alarm 拉响警报；发出警报 (2)be alarmed at/by ... 对……大为惊慌，被……吓一跳 be alarmed to do ... 做……感到恐慌
【语境感知】
①The rainforests are disappearing at an alarming rate.
雨林正以惊人的速度消失。(关爱地球)
②“What have you done？” Ellie cried in alarm.
“你都干了些什么？”埃莉惊恐地喊道。
③I hammered on all the doors to raise the alarm.
我敲打所有的门让大家警觉。
④They should not be too alarmed by the press reports.
他们不应该被媒体报道搞得过于恐慌。
【靶向小练】
①I have only heard a less alarming (alarm) story than you have heard.
②Everybody was alarmed at/by the news that the enemies were near.
③I raised the alarm as soon as I saw the smoke.
④风把门吹开了，我惊慌地转过身去。(动作描写)
I__turned__in__alarm as the wind blew the door open.
⑤看到那些人带着枪，我吓了一跳。
I__was__alarmed__to__see that the men were carrying guns.
3.reflect v. 显示，反映；深思(教材P20）
→reflection n. 反映；映像；发射；深思 →reflective adj. 反射的；反映的；沉思的；深思的；(指物体表面)反光的 (1)reflect on/upon sth 认真思考某事 (2)on/upon reflection 经再三思考
【语境感知】
①Her facial expression reflected how she really felt.
她的面部表情反映出了她的真实感受。
②The manager needed more time to reflect on/upon what to do.
经理需要更多的时间来思考做什么。
③She decided on reflection to accept his offer after all.
经过再三思考，她决定还是接受他的提议。
【靶向小练】
①On dark nights children should wear reflective (reflect) clothing.
②Your clothes are often a reflection (reflect) of your personality.
③I hope in years to come he will reflect on/upon his decision.
④最初我认为那是个坏主意，但经再三思考，我认识到她是对的。(心理描写)
At first I thought it was a bad idea， but__on/upon__reflection I realized she was right.
探究二 拓展词
4.behavior n. 举止，行为→behave vi. 表现；举止端正 vt. 表现得体
【语境感知】
The child behaves so well in class that the teacher praised his good behavior in front of others.
这个孩子在课堂上表现得很好，老师在别人面前表扬了他的好行为。
5.confusing adj. 令人困惑的→confused adj. 糊涂的，迷糊的；难懂的，混乱的→confusion n. 混淆；混乱；困惑→confuse vt. 混淆；使困惑；使糊涂
【语境感知】
My teacher confused me by asking so many confusing questions. I was totally confused， standing there in confusion， not knowing what to do.
我的老师问了许多令人困惑的问题，把我弄糊涂了。我完全懵了，站在那里不知所措，不知道该怎么办。
【靶向小练】
①I think all of us should mind our behavior (behave) when we dine out.
②Do you think English is a language where some phrases are confusing (confuse) and difficult for beginners？
③莉莉，你在公共场合应该规矩点。
Lily，__you__should__behave__yourself__in__public.
④第一周对他来说有点困惑。
The__first__week__was__a__little__confusing__for__him.
探究三 熟词生义
6.title [熟义] n. 题目，标题
[生义]n. (书刊的）一种，一本；称号，头衔，职称，称谓；冠军
v. 加标题，定题目
【语境感知】
①His poems were published under the title of “Emotion and Reason”.
他的诗是以《情感与理智》为题发表的。
②The company publishes twenty new titles a year.
这家公司一年出版二十种新书。
③Give your name and title.
报出你的姓名和称谓。
④She has three world titles.
她已获得三项世界冠军。
⑤Their first album was titled “Ocean Drive”.
他们的第一张专辑定名为《海洋行》。
【靶向小练】
①He became Jamaica's first Olympic gold medallist when he won the 400 metre champion in 1948.汉语：冠军 同义词：title
②她不是作家。她的头衔是博士。
She's__not__a__writer.__Her__title__is__doctor.
③我丢了一本书，但我现在记不起书名了。
I__lost__a__book，__the__title__of__which__I__can't__remember__now.
④到她40岁的时候，她已经赢得了许多冠军。
By__the__time__she__turns__40，__she__has__won__many__titles.
7.visible [熟义]adj. 看得见的，可见的
[生义]adj. (影响）明显的，显然的，可察觉的；引人注目的
【语境感知】
①Her hand was just visible in the dimly lit room.
她的手在这个昏暗的房间里勉强可见。
②There has been a visible change in his attitude.
他的态度有明显的转变。
③He remained the most highly visible politician of this place.
他仍然是这个地方最引人注目的政治家。
【靶向小练】
①He was making a(n) obvious effort to control himself.汉语：明显的 同义词：visible
②从海滩上可以清楚地看到那所房子。
The__house__is__clearly__visible__from__the__beach.
探究四 短语
8.burn up 烧毁，烧尽；消耗(体力、能量等）(教材P20）
burn其他相关短语： burn down 烧毁 burn ... to the ground 将……烧成平地 burn out 烧坏；燃尽；耗尽体力
【语境感知】
①Brisk walking burns up more calories than slow jogging.
快走比慢跑能消耗更多的卡路里。
②A number of houses were burned down in the fire.
在火灾中，有许多房子被烧毁了。
③The big fire burned the teaching building to the ground.
大火将教学楼烧成平地。
burn down意为“烧毁”，通常指建筑物被完全烧塌；burn up也有“烧毁，烧掉”之意，但一般不是指建筑物。
【靶向小练】
①The bedclothes caught fire and the whole house was burned down.
②Which burns up more calories—swimming or cycling？
③If you do not slow down and take a break， you will burn out very quickly.
④我们到那里时，看到房子被夷为平地。(场景描写)
We saw the house burnt__to__the__ground when we got there.
9.wind up给(机械）上发条；使(活动、会议等）结束(教材P20）
wind其他相关短语： wind one's way 蜿蜒前进，曲折延伸 wind back 倒回，回退；倒(磁带、胶卷等) wind down 放松；休息；摇下；慢下来，逐渐减少
【语境感知】
①Let me try winding up your watch—maybe that will get it going again.
让我试着给你的表上发条——也许这样能使它走起来。
②The stream winds its way through the village.
这条小溪蜿蜒流过村庄。
③He wound the tape back to the beginning.
他把磁带倒到了开头。
④Once she'd got into the car， she wound the window down.
她一上车就把车窗摇下来。
【靶向小练】
①He wound up his business and personal affairs before joining the army.
②I regularly have a drink to wind down.
③我看到一条蛇蜿蜒爬上树。
I__noticed__a__snake__winding__its__way__up__the__tree.
探究五 长难句分析
10.Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.(教材P19）
而 pineapple(菠萝）里既没有 pine(松树），也没有apple(苹果）。
【分析】 neither ... nor ... 意为“既不……也不……”，可连接任意两个并列的成分。
(1)neither ... nor ... 连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数应和临近的主语一致，遵循“就近原则”。 (2)neither可以单独作主语，表示“两者中没有一个”。 (3)表示“一个人没有做某事，另一个人也没做同一类事”时，可用neither或nor引起的部分倒装句进行简略回答。其结构为：Neither/Nor＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语。 (4)如果neither ... nor ... 连接两个句子，且neither， nor分别位于分句句首时，则两个分句都要进行部分倒装。
【语境感知】
①Neither John nor his friends know how to operate the machine.
约翰和他的朋友们都不知道怎样操作这台机器。
②We've got two cameras， but neither works properly.
我们有两台照相机，但都不能正常工作。
③They didn't go to the park yesterday. Neither/Nor did we.
昨天他们没去公园，我们也没去。
④Neither has he done it， nor will he do it.
他没有做过这事，他以后也不会做这事。
neither ... nor ... 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则”，有同样用法的还有 either ... or ... (或者……或者……），not only ... but (also） ... (不但…… 而且 ……），not ... but ... (不是……而是……）等。
【靶向小练】
①Neither his parents nor he likes (like) eating meat.
②Not only the teacher but also the students were__invited (invite) by him yesterday.
③She has neither changed her mind nor will she do so.(改为倒装句)
→Neither__has__she__changed__her__mind__nor__will__she__do__so.
11.That is why when the stars are out， they are visible， but when the lights are out， they are invisible.(教材P20）
这就是为什么 stars are out(星星出来了）的时候我们能看到星星，而lights are out(灯灭了）的时候我们却看不到灯光。
【分析】 That is why ... 意为“这就是……的原因”；why 引导表语从句，表示结果；That指代上文提到的事实；表语从句中，but连接两个并列的when引导的时间状语从句。
(1)This/That is/was why ... 这/那就是……的原因(why引导表语从句，表示结果) (2)This/It/That is/was because ... 这/那是因为……(because引导表语从句，表示原因) (3)The reason why ... is/was that ... ……的原因是……(why引导定语从句，修饰reason；that引导表语从句，表示原因)
【语境感知】
He fell from a tall tree. That was why he hurt his leg.
＝He hurt his leg. That was because he fell from a tall tree.
＝The reason why he hurt his leg was that he fell from a tall tree.
他从一棵很高的树上摔下来。那就是他弄伤腿的原因。
【靶向小练】
①He's more of a talker than a doer； this is why he never finishes anything.
②From space， the earth looks blue； this is because about seventy one percent of its surface is covered by water.
③The reason why we don't trust him is that he often lies.
④Tom came late for the meeting because he was ill.
→Tom was ill. That__was__why he came late for the meeting.
→Tom came late for the meeting. That__was__because he was ill.
→The__reason__why Tom came late for the meeting was__that he was ill.
Ⅰ.写出单词
1.His actions were in opposing (相反的) directions to what he had promised.
2.We welcome you to join us on a special tour which explores the unique (独特的) natural scenery in China.
3.I wear a bright orange jacket while bicycling because it makes me highly visible (看得见的) to car drivers.
4.She was careful to reset the alarm (闹钟) before she left the office.
5.We saw a field full of pineapples (菠萝) during our trip to the countryside.
6.The film has been adapted from a play of the same title.
7.The walls， painted brilliant white， reflected the afternoon sun.
8.She became homesick when she saw a picture of her family on the wall.
9.The forest was filled with the fresh scent of pine， making it a peaceful place to walk.
10.The eggplant in our garden is growing well， with large purple fruits.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.My grandmother has trouble in walking long distances because of her bad knees.
2.The woman to whom you talked just now is my teacher.
3.Most of the local residents opposed closing (close) the school.
4.On/Upon reflection， we decided to put the sculpture in front of the teaching building.
5.The village in the distance is invisible (visible) because of the thick fog.
6.As the evening approached， the activity in the park began to wind down.
7.I appreciate having (have) such a supportive family.
8.She was alarmed at/by the prospect of travelling alone.
9.The sculpture (sculpt) was so detailed that it seemed as if it were alive.
10.Neither does he like math， nor does he show any interest in science.
Ⅲ.语段填词
1.The students created a wonderful play for the school festival. Their creative ideas made the performance a huge success. (create)
2.The team opposed the change in the game strategy. Their opponent， the coach， was determined to implement it. (oppose)
3.Her polite behavior at the party impressed everyone. She always tries to behave gracefully in social situations. (behave)
4.The new math problem was really confusing. It confused the whole class， and no one could solve it at first. (confuse)
5.She sat quietly by the lake， and the calm water reflected her sad face. It was a moment that made her become reflective about her life choices. (reflect)
Ⅳ.翻译
1.The woodshed burned/burnt__down (烧毁) in half an hour.
2.The chairman wound__up (结束) his speech with a famous saying yesterday.
3.I saved money every month. That__is__why__I__can__afford__to__buy (这就是为什么我能买得起) a new bike now.
4.听到她要来，我大为惊慌。 (be alarmed to do sth)
I__was__alarmed__to__hear__that__she__was__coming.
5.他和我都不能理解她。(neither ... nor)
Neither__he__nor__I__am__able__to__understand__her.
课后课时作业
较易题(占比70%) 中档题(占比30%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★★ ★ ★
Ⅰ 阅读
Learning any language is hard， but learning English can be especially challenging. Why？ Because native speakers use the language in ways that textbooks could never describe. In particular， words that British people use cause many language students to scratch their heads.
Here's an example： You overhear a Briton calling someone a “wazzock”. But what exactly is a wazzock？ This word， in fact， means a foolish person， although there's nothing about it that would help you guess that. There are many strange terms like this in British English—the Oxford English Dictionary would be much smaller without these odd usages filling its pages.
How can these odd words be explained？ Part of the answer is the British sense of humor. Britons don't like to take things too seriously， and this is evident through many British words and phrases. For example， to “spend a penny” means to use the bathroom. It refers to the days when people had to pay a penny to use a public toilet.
In an interview for the BBC's website， British linguist David Crystal suggested there may be historical reasons for the large number of odd words and phrases in British English. He thinks that they began in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. This was a great age for the theater， when Shakespeare and other writers worked hard to keep up with the demand for new plays. The theater's popularity also created an incentive to invent new words. With this in mind， perhaps Shakespeare and his peers are to blame for unusual British words such as “codswallop” and “balderdash”—which both， mean “nonsense”.
While these strange words may be confusing to non native speakers， they certainly make studying English a lot more interesting.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英式英语中出现大量奇怪单词的原因。
1.According to the text， why may non native speakers find it more challenging to learn English？
A.Dictionaries are too complicated to understand.
B.The English vocabulary is too large for them to learn.
C.A large number of strange expressions confuse them.
D.The English textbooks they use are usually out of date.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Because native speakers ... scratch their heads.(因为母语为英语的人使用这种语言的方式是教科书无法描述的。特别是英国人使用的单词，让许多语言专业的学生挠头。）”可推知，母语为非英语的人之所以会觉得学英语更具有挑战性是因为许多奇怪的表达让他们觉得非常困惑。故选C。
2.With the example of the Oxford English Dictionary in Paragraph 2， the author intends to ________.
A.stress the large number of strange terms
B.explain the origin of the strange phrases
C.show British people's attitude towards odd phrases
D.show the usefulness of the Oxford English Dictionary
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“There are many ... filling its pages.”可知，英式英语中有很多奇怪的术语，如果没有这些奇怪的用法充斥其中，《牛津英语词典》的篇幅就会小得多。由此可推知，第二段以《牛津英语词典》为例，是为了强调英语词汇中有大量奇怪的术语。故选A。
3.Which of the following words has the similar meaning to the underlined word “incentive” in Paragraph 4？
A.Concern. B.Inspiration.
C.Application. D.Opinion.
答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“He thinks that ... demand for new plays.”可知，David Crystal (大卫·克里斯特尔）认为这些奇怪的单词和短语始于16世纪末和17世纪初。这对戏剧来说是一个伟大的时代，莎士比亚和其他作家努力满足对新剧的需求。由此可推知，剧院也同时受到了大众的欢迎，从而激发了人们发明新词。incentive意为“启发，激发”。故选B。
4.What is the tone of the author in writing the article？
A.Serious. B.Anxious.
C.Indifferent. D.Humorous.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“For example ... use a public toilet.(例如，‘花一分钱’的意思是使用卫生间。它指的是人们必须花一分钱才能使用公共厕所的日子。）”以及全文可知，作者在文中使用了诙谐的单词，举了一些有趣的例子。由此可推知，作者用幽默的语气写的这篇文章。故选D。
Ⅱ 完形填空
I started learning English at the age of 22 in 1995， which is late to start studying a language.
I joined a __1__ to study English. I needed to get a TOEFL score of 550 to study in the USA. It was a __2__ task for me as a beginner. At the end of the program， I took the TOEFL and I __3__ it. I was the only person to get a score of 550 from the __4__ class. After a few weeks I was __5__ to go to the USA.
There was no one to pick me up at the airport. So I was __6__ with my TOEFL score of 550 to find my way around. It was not that easy and the __7__ did not help me at all.
I remember asking people very simply and probably __8__ how to get to my hotel， and in return I would __9__ nothing. But I understood one __10__ from one person's answer—“CORNER” and I was able to go to a corner where there were some free phones to call specific hotels.
So I __11__ one of the phones and called my hotel. I was trying to explain my __12__ with my broken English. Finally， I __13__ to understand that there were direct hotel buses from the airport. It was at that moment that I felt successful in learning English because I was able to __14__.
I have been a learner of the English language ever since and my learning never __15__.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在22岁时开始学习英语的经历，以及他在学习英语过程中所遇到的挑战和成功。
1.A.party B.game
C.college D.program
答案：D
解析：party 派对；game 游戏；college 大学；program 项目。根据下文“At the end of the program， I took the TOEFL and I __3__ it.”可知，作者参加了一个学习英语的项目。故选D。
2.A.valuable B.challenging
C.necessary D.different
答案：B
解析：valuable 有价值的；challenging 具有挑战性的；necessary 必要的；different 不同的。根据上文“I needed to get a TOEFL score of 550 to study in the USA.”和下文“as a beginner”可知，作者是初学者，所以托福成绩达到550分去美国学习是具有挑战性的。故选B。
3.A.made B.knew
C.remembered D.believed
答案：A
解析：根据下文“I was the only person ... go to the USA.”可知，作者成功地通过了托福考试。make it “成功；达到预定目标”。故选A。
4.A.beginners' B.teachers'
C.leaders' D.partners'
答案：A
解析：根据上文“It was a __2__ task for me as a beginner.”可知，作者参加的是初学者的班级。故选A。
5.A.afraid B.free
C.safe D.ready
答案：D
解析：afraid 害怕的；free 自由的；safe 安全的；ready 准备好的。根据上文“I needed to get a TOEFL score of 550 to study in the USA.”可知，作者考托福的目的就是准备去美国学习。故选D。
6.A.sleepy B.alone
C.popular D.silent
答案：B
解析：sleepy 困倦的；alone 单独的；popular 受欢迎的；silent 沉默的。根据上文“There was no one to pick me up at the airport.”可知，作者是独自一个人去美国的。故选B。
7.A.idea B.decision
C.score D.exam
答案：C
解析：idea 想法；decision 决定；score 分数；exam 考试。根据上文“So I was __6__ with my TOEFL score of 550 to find my way around.”可知，550分的托福分数对作者没有任何帮助。故选C。
8.A.quickly B.wrongly
C.secretly D.naturally
答案：D
解析：quickly 迅速地；wrongly 错误地；secretly 秘密地；naturally 自然地。根据下文“how to get to my hotel”可知，作者用英语简单并自然地问路。故选D。
9.A.discover B.record
C.expect D.understand
答案：D
解析：discover 发现；record 记录；expect 期望；understand 理解。根据下文“But I understood ... call specific hotels.”可知，作者不理解别人所说的英语。故选D。
10.A.word B.joke
C.name D.voice
答案：A
解析：word 词语；joke 玩笑；name 名字；voice 声音。根据下文“‘CORNER’ and I ... call specific hotels”可知，作者听懂了其中一个人所说的一个词语。故选A。
11.A.picked up B.thought of
C.missed out D.checked on
答案：A
解析：pick up 拿起；捡起；think of 想到；miss out 错过机会；check on 检查。根据下文“and called my hotel”可知，作者拿起电话给酒店打电话。故选A。
12.A.relationship B.mistake
C.situation D.choice
答案：C
解析：relationship 关系；mistake 错误；situation 处境；状况；choice 选择。根据下文“with my broken English”可知，作者在电话里用蹩脚的英语解释自己的处境。故选C。
13.A.continued B.managed
C.forgot D.prepared
答案：B
解析：continue 继续；manage 设法做到；forget 忘记；prepare 准备。根据下文“It was at that moment ... I was able to __14__.”可知，最后作者成功地明白了如何从机场到达酒店。故选B。
14.A.explore B.celebrate
C.compete D.communicate
答案：D
解析：explore 探索；celebrate 庆祝；compete 竞争；communicate 交流。根据上文“So I __11__ one of the phones ... from the airport.”可知，作者通过蹩脚的英语成功地进行了交流。故选D。
15.A.matters B.appears
C.ends D.fails
答案：C
解析：matter 有关系；appear 出现；end 结束；fail 失败。根据上文“I have been a learner of the English language ever since”可知，作者真正地理解了学无止境。故选C。
Ⅲ 语法填空
Chinese characters are so __1__ (amaze) that even many foreigners are crazy about them. For the past three decades， Richard Sears has been focused on one thing： telling many __2__ (story) behind Chinese characters. His interest in Chinese language and characters dates back to 1972， when he was a 22 year old physics major in the USA.
He built a website in 2002 and named it Chinese Etymology (词源)， __3__ provides visitors with opportunities to check the development of Chinese characters in a variety of forms for free. Because of this well received website， he __4__ (become) Uncle Hanzi， a nickname (昵称) which was given by Chinese netizens.
In September， Sears set up __5__ (he) studio in Nanjing as part of the local government's plan to promote Chinese culture. To help both Chinese __6__ foreign learners have a better understanding of Chinese characters， the studio concentrates __7__ telling stories behind Chinese characters with the aid of technology. They have made over 60 videos in English with Chinese subtitles for Bilibili， a popular video website among young people. __8__ (watch) the videos not only brings fun but also makes people know more about Chinese characters， leaving them a deep __9__ (impress).
With the tireless efforts of people like Richard Sears and the government's support， more people will appreciate the beauty of Chinese characters __10__ (full).
1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9.________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Richard Sears (理查德·西尔斯）一直专注于讲述汉字背后的故事。
1.答案：amazing
解析：考查词性转换。句意：汉字是如此神奇，以至于许多外国人都为之疯狂。此处修饰Chinese characters，表示“令人惊奇的”，应用形容词amazing作表语。故填amazing。
2.答案：stories
解析：考查名词。根据设空前“many”可知，此处应用名词复数作telling的宾语。故填stories。
3.答案：which
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为website，指物，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
4.答案：became
解析：考查动词的时态。此处在句中作谓语，根据句中“was given”可知，描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。故填became。
5.答案：his
解析：考查代词。此处修饰名词studio，应用形容词性物主代词作定语。故填his。
6.答案：and
解析：考查连词。句意：为了帮助中外学习者更好地理解汉字，该工作室致力于借助技术手段讲述汉字背后的故事。固定搭配both ... and ... 意为“两者都……”。故填and。
7.答案：on
解析：考查介词。固定搭配concentrate on意为“专注于”。故填on。
8.答案：Watching
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处应用动名词作主语；且位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填Watching。
9.答案：impression
解析：考查词性转换。leave sb a deep impression意为“给某人留下深刻的印象”。故填impression。
10.答案：fully
解析：考查词性转换。设空处修饰动词appreciate，应用副词作状语。故填fully。
精深阅读
A tree has roots. People have roots too. If you get to the root of a problem， you will solve it. It's the same thing with words. Dig deeply into a big， unfamiliar word and you will understand where it came from.
As readers， especially those reading in a second language， we need to deal with the text as if we were detectives (侦探) looking for information to unlock the unknown. Like any good detective arriving on the crime scene， the first thing to do when meeting a new and difficult word is to judge the situation， to look at everything that is known and see if it helps us to understand what it means.
As you know， prefixes (前缀) and suffixes (后缀) can be added to the beginning or end of words to change the meaning. Know them， and you will have the word building power. But root words are the key. Take time to learn a few of these， put them in your memory， and you will become a master word detective.
Let's look at one common root word used in English. “Alter” from the Latin (拉丁语的) word means “other”. When you meet this root word， you know that the bigger word has something to do with “other”. Examine the word “alternate”. Can you find the Latin root in it？
If you and your friend like to eat out， first you pay and the other pays the next time. You are alternating paying.
If you go to the movies on alternate Saturdays， you go on one Saturday， but not the other Saturday.
If you have no alternative， you have no other choice.
Learn as many root words as possible in the language you are studying. Then use your “rooting for words” skills. Like any new skill， practice and hard work are always paid back.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章强调了词根的重要性，并举例说明了如何通过词根理解词汇的意义。
1.If Jim and Lily go to the movies， which one below is “alternating paying”？
A.Jim pays every time.
B.They each pay half.
C.They take turns paying.
D.Their parents pay for them.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据文章中“ If you and your friend ... alternating paying.”可知，如果你和你的朋友喜欢出去吃饭，这次你付钱，下次你的朋友付钱，你们就是交替支付。由此可推知，如果Jim (杰姆）和Lily (莉莉）去看电影，alternating paying指的就是“他们轮流付钱”。故选C。
2.How does the author explain his ideas about root words？
A.By giving a fact.
B.By taking an example.
C.By telling a story.
D.By having a discussion.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，作者列举了词根“Alter”来说明词根对词汇学习的重要性。由此可推知，作者是通过举例的方式来阐述他对词根的观点。故选B。
3.“Sen” from the Latin word means “old”. Which word uses this Latin root？
A.My brother is my senior by two years.
B.He was ill so he was absent from school.
C.A criminal was sentenced to death by law.
D.60 students were present at the sports meeting.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，更大的词汇和它的拉丁语词根相关。题干告知我们拉丁语词根“Sen”的意思是“年老的；年纪大的”，由此可推知，senior意为“较年长的人；长者”，使用了拉丁语词根“Sen”。故选A。
4.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage？
(①＝Paragraph 1 ②＝Paragraph 2 ... )
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。第一段提出研究词根的重要性；第二段通过类比来说明如何利用词根来分析词义；第三段和第四段是并列关系，用举例的方式说明如何通过词根来分析词义，且与第二段构成并列关系；最后一段是对全文内容的总结。故选B。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一）热词
1.dig vi. 搜寻，寻找；挖
2.especially adv. 尤其，特别
3.judge v. 判断；断定
4.situation n. 情况，形势
5.alternate v. (使)交替 adj. 轮流的，交替的
(二）高频短语
6.get to 理解，明白；到达，开始；着手
7.deal__with 处理，对付
8.be added to 被加到……上
9.have__something__to__do__with 与……有关
10.pay back 回报，偿还
(三）根据语境填入恰当的内容
11.She was deeply (deep) affected by the sad story.
12.Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown (known).
13.These plans take time to__come (come) to fruition.
(四）写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
14.Money is often the root of all evil.根源
15.The beach at sunset creates a romantic scene.景象
16.Tom struggled for a while to unlock the bicycle chain with the small key.打开
(五）用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
judge， common， alternative
17.We are faced with a difficult choice. alternative
18.We need to assess the situation before making a decision.judge
19.It is usual to start a speech by thanking everybody for mon
(六）长难句分析
20.Like any good detective arriving on the crime scene， the first thing to do when meeting a new and difficult word is to judge the situation， to look at everything that is known and see if it helps us to understand what it means.
句意：就像任何一个到达犯罪现场的优秀侦探一样，当遇到一个新的、困难的单词时，要做的第一件事就是判断情况，观察所有已知的事情，并查看这是否有助于我们理解它的含义。
分析：主干是the__first__thing__is__to__judge__the__situation，__to__look__at__everything__and__see__...__；arriving on the crime scene为现在分词短语作后置定语；to do为动词不定式作后置定语；to judge the situation为不定式短语作表语；that引导定语从句；if引导宾语从句；what引导宾语从句。
(七）根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
21.We try to make these training courses as__realistic__as__possible (尽可能贴近实际).
22.My wife and I were the__first__to__arrive (第一个到达) and hopped on board.
(八）仿写句子
23.Know them， and you will have the word building power.(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)
仿写：你来上海的时候请联系我，我会带你四处参观一下。
Please__contact__me__when__you're__coming__to__Shanghai__and__I__will__show__you__around.
精深阅读
When you are learning English， you find it not clever to put an English sentence， word for word， into your own language. Take the sentence “How do you do？” as an example. If you look up each word in the dictionary， one at a time， what is your translation？ It must be a wrong sentence in your own language.
Languages do not just have different sounds. They are different in many ways. It's important to master the rules for word order in the study of English， too. If the speakers put words in a wrong order， the listener can't understand the speakers' sentences easily. Sometimes when the order of words in an English sentence is changed， the meaning of the sentence changes. But sometimes when the order is changed， the meaning of the sentence doesn't change. Let's see the difference between the two pairs of sentences.
“She only likes apples.” “Only she likes apples.”
“I've seen the film already.” “I have already seen the film.”
When you are learning English， you must do your best to get the spirit of the language and use it as the English speakers do.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了学习英语时应避免逐字翻译，要理解词语顺序、语言精髓和用法，像英语母语者一样灵活运用语言。
1.What can we know from the passage when we are learning English？
A.We shouldn't put every word into our own language.
B.We should look up every word in the dictionary.
C.We need to put every word into our own language.
D.We must read word by word.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When you are ... into your own language.”可知，当我们学习英语的时候，我们不应该把每个单词都用自己的语言表达出来。故选A。
2.How does the writer think in learning English？
A.Difficult to understand different sounds.
B.Possible to remember the word order.
C.Important to master the rules in different ways.
D.Easy to master the rules for word order.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Languages do not ... the study of English， too.”可知，作者认为在学习英语的过程中掌握不同的规则是很重要的。故选C。
3.What can we learn from the passage？
A.The meaning of an English sentence always changes with the order of the words.
B.The order of words can never change the meaning of an English sentence.
C.Sometimes different order of words has a different meaning.
D.If the order of words is different， the meaning of the sentence must be different.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Sometimes when the order ... the sentence changes.”可推知，有时候不同的词序会有不同的意思。故选C。
4.Which is the best title for this passage？
A.Different Orders， Different Meanings
B.How to Speak English？
C.How to Put English into Our Own Language？
D.How to Learn English？
答案：D
解析：标题判断题。文章主要说明了学习英语时避免逐字翻译，要理解词语顺序、语言精髓和用法，像英语母语者一样灵活运用语言。因此，D项(如何学习英语？）最适合作为文章标题。故选D。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一）热词
1.sentence n. 句子；判决 v. 判决；宣判
2.translation n. 翻译
3.master v. 精通；掌握；控制；掌控
4.order n. 顺序；秩序；订货；点菜 v. 命令；订购
5.spirit n. 精髓；真实意义；精神；心灵
(二）高频短语
6.take__...__as__an__example 以……为例
7.look__up 查找；查阅
8.one__at__a__time 一次一个；每次一个
9.in a(n) ... order 按……顺序
10.do__one's__best 尽某人最大努力
(三）根据语境填入恰当的内容
11.The book loses something in translation (translate).
12.Whether he comes or not doesn't make any difference (different) to me.
13.The discussion about electronic dictionaries (dictionary) has never stopped in the past few years.
(四）写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
14.The police are responsible for maintaining law and order. 秩序
15.The art gallery displayed the works of a famous master， attracting art lovers from all over the country.大师
16.We need to pair the students for the group project. 把……组成一对
(五）用方框中单词或短语的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
clever， do one's best， spirit
17.The face is the mirror of the soul.spirit
18.How intelligent of you to work it out！clever
19.Mike did all he could to help clean the house. did__his__best
(六）长难句分析
20.When you are learning English， you find it not clever to put an English sentence， word for word， into your own language.
句意：当你学习英语时，你会发现把英语句子逐字逐句地翻译成自己的语言是不聪明的。
分析：主干是you__find__it__not__clever__to__...__your__own__language； find it not clever为“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，it为形式宾语，to put ... your own language为动词不定式短语作真正的宾语；When引导时间状语从句。
(七）根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
21.Can you look__up (查找) the opening times on the website？
22.She repeated their conversation word__for__word (逐字逐句地) to me.
(八）仿写句子
23.It's important to master the rules for word order in the study of English， too.(it作形式主语)
仿写：不可能及时到达那里。
It's__impossible__to__get__there__in__time.
28(共118张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
Unit 2 Exploring English
单元主题：人与自我——文化沟通与交流
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
预学检测 单词打卡
自主学习 课文语篇
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 硬核考点
3
课后课时作业
５
课堂作业 巩固内化
４
预学检测 单词打卡
一、阅读单词
1．________ n. 松树
2．__________ n. 菠萝
3．________ n. 火腿
4．________ n. 茄子
5．________ adj. 晕船的
6．________ adj. 晕机的
7．________ adj. 晕车的
8．________ adj. 想家的
9．___________ adj. 大写的
pine
pineapple
ham
eggplant
seasick
airsick
carsick
homesick
capitalized
二、核心单词
1．__________ adj. (观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的
2．________ adj. 独一无二的，独特的
3．________ n. 警报器；闹钟
4．________ v. 显示，反映
opposing
unique
alarm
reflect
三、拓展单词(可查字典)
1．________ v. 雕刻，雕塑→__________ n. 雕像，雕刻品，雕塑作品
2．________ n. 举止，行为→________ vi. 表现；举止端正 vt. 表现得体
3．________ adj. 令人困惑的→________ adj. 糊涂的，迷糊的；难懂的，混乱的→________ n. 混淆；混乱；困惑→________ vt. 混淆；使困惑；使糊涂
4．________ n. 创造性，创造力→________ v. 创造→________ adj. 创造(性)的→________ n. 创造；创建；作品；创作
sculpt
sculpture
behavior
behave
confusing
confused
confusion
confuse
creativity
create
creative
creation
四、熟词生义
1．title 熟义：n. ________________
生义：n. (书刊的)一种，一本；称号，头衔，职称，称谓；冠军 v. 加标题，定题目
2．visible 熟义：adj. ___________________
生义：adj. (影响)明显的，显然的，可察觉的；引人注目的
题目，标题
看得见的，可见的
五、核心短语
1．__________ 烧毁，烧尽
2．____________ 烧毁
3．__________ 给(机械)上发条；使(活动、 会议等)结束
burn up
burn down
wind up
自主学习 课文语篇
Have you ever asked yourself why1 people often have trouble learning2 English？ I hadn't， until one day my five year old son asked me whether3 there was ham in a hamburger. There isn't. This made me realize that4 there's no egg in eggplant either. Neither5 is there pine nor apple in pineapple. This got me thinking6 how7 English can be a crazy language to learn.
课文三维剖析
Neither Pine nor Apple in Pineapple
菠萝≠松树＋苹果
1 引导_______从句，作动词asked的宾语
2 have trouble (in) doing sth意为“______________”
3 引导_______从句，作动词asked的_______
宾语
做某事有困难
宾语
宾语
4 引导_________从句，作动词realize的________
5 否定副词置于句首，句子使用______________
6 现在分词作_____________
7 引导________从句，作动词thinking的________
你有没有问过自己，为什么人们常常觉得学英语很困难？我以前从未想过这个问题，直到有一天，我5岁的儿子问我 hamburger(汉堡包)里面有没有ham(火腿)。答案是没有。这让我意识到，eggplant(茄子)里面也没有egg(鸡蛋)，而 pineapple(菠萝)里既没有 pine(松树)，也没有apple(苹果)。这让我陷入思考：对于学习者而言，英语到底可以有多疯狂呢？
宾语
宾语
部分倒装
宾语补足语
宾语
宾语
8 插入语
9 连接并列句
10 引导__________从句
11 引导________从句，作动词say的________
12 引导____________从句
13 连接________
14 引导_____________从句
15 插入语
For example8 ， in our free time we can sculpt a sculpture and paint a painting， but9 we take a photo. And when10 we are traveling we say that11 we are in the car or the taxi， but on the train or bus！ While12 we're doing all this traveling， we can get seasick at sea， airsick in the air and carsick in a car， but13 we don't get homesick when14 we get back home. And speaking of home15 ， why aren't homework and housework the same thing？
时间状语
宾语
宾语
时间状语
并列句
时间状语
笔记空间﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
例如，闲暇时我们可以雕一座雕像(sculpt a sculpture)、画一幅画(paint a painting)，但只能拍一张照片(take a photo)。旅行时，我们坐汽车或出租车时是说坐在里面(in)，坐火车或公共汽车时却要说坐在上面(on)！同样，我们会在海上晕船(seasick at sea)、在飞机里晕机(airsick in the air)、在车里晕车(carsick in a car)，但回到家里我们却不会“晕家”(homesick，实际意义为“思乡的”）。说到家，为什么homework(家庭作业）和housework(家务）(这两个英语单词看起来很像意思却）不是一回事呢？
16 引导__________从句
17 引导__________从句
If16 “hard” is the opposite of “soft”， why are “hardly” and “softly” not an opposing pair？ If17 harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions， why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same？
如果说 hard(硬）是 soft(软）的反义词，为什么hardly(几乎不）和 softly(柔和地）却不是一对反义词？如果说harmless actions(无害行为）和 harmful actions(有害行为）意思相反，为什么 shameless behaviors(无耻行为）和 shameful behaviors(可耻行为）反而是一回事？
条件状语
条件状语
18 引导___________从句
19 引导___________从句
When18 we look out of the window and see rain or snow， we can say “it's raining” or “it's snowing”. But when19 we see sunshine， we can't say “it's sunshining”.
当我们望向窗外，看到雨(rain）或雪(snow）时，我们可以说正在下雨(it's raining）或正在下雪(it's snowing）。可我们看见阳光(sunshine）的时候却不能说“正在下阳光”(it's sunshining）。
时间状语
时间状语
20 引导___________从句
Even the smallest words can be confusing. When20 you see the capitalized “WHO” in a medical report， do you read it as the “who” in “Who's that？” What about “IT” and “US”？
就算是最短小的单词都让人费解。如果你在医学报告中看到大写的 WHO，你会把它读成Who's that？中的who吗？那么IT和US又该怎么读呢？
时间状语
21 动名词短语作
_________
22 三个由介词＋关系代词引导的______从句，修饰__________
23 引导___________从句
You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down， in which you fill in a form by filling it out21 ， and in which22 an alarm is only heard once23 it goes off！
英语这门语言独有的疯狂令你不得不感到惊奇。在英语里，房子烧成灰烬的时候，可以说 burn up(字面意思为“烧上去”），也可以说burn down(字面意思为“烧下去”）；填表的时候，你可以fill in a form(字面意思为“填入表里”），也可以 fill out a form(字面意思为“填到表外”）；而且只有闹钟走了(go off 字面意思为“离开”）以后你才能听到铃声！
宾语
定语
a language
时间状语
24 连接并列句
25引导_______从句
26 引导_____________从句
27 连接_________
28 引导____________从句
English was invented by people， not computers， and24 it reflects the creativity of the human race. That is why25 when26 the stars are out， they are visible， but27 when28 the lights are out， they are invisible. And that is why when I wind up my watch， it starts， but when I wind up this passage， it ends.
表语
时间状语
并列句
时间状语
笔记空间﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
英语是人创造的，不是计算机发明的，它反映了人类的创造力。这就是为什么 stars are out(星星出来了）的时候我们能看到星星，而lights are out(灯灭了）的时候我们却看不到灯光。这也是当我 wind up my watch(给手表上紧发条）以后表针开始走，而我 wind up this passage(将本文收尾）后这篇文章结束的原因。
一、课文分段主旨大意
阅读领悟
a crazy
confusing
language
reason
二、问题链
1．Can you think of similar examples in Chinese For example, there isn't a wife in a “Laopobing”．
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．What does English seem to be like according to the author
__________________________________________________________________
There is no fish in “Yuxiangrousi”； There is no lion in “Shizitou”; There are no husband and wife in “Fuqifeipian”.
A language with unique madness.
合作探究 硬核考点
1.opposing adj. (观点、意见等）相反的，相对立的(教材P19）
→oppose vt. 反对；对抗，抗争 vi. 反对
→opposed adj. 相反的；敌对的；反对的
→opponent n. 对手；反对者；敌手 adj. 对立的，敌对的
→opposition n. 反对，反抗，对抗
(1)oppose (doing) sth 反对(做)某事
oppose sb/sb's doing sth 反对某人做某事
(2)be opposed to (doing) sth 反对(做)某事，不赞成(做)某事
探究一 高频词
【语境感知】
①I have a friend who had the opposing view and felt that the space exploration was not worthy.
我有一个朋友持相反的观点，他认为太空探索是不值得的。(观点表达)
② I would oppose changing the law.
我将反对改变这个法规。
③He was strongly opposed to the idea.
他坚决反对那个主意。
【靶向小练】
①Good habits always lead to maximum efficiency, while bad habits bring the ________ (oppose) results.
②The witness opposed ________ (turn) up at the court, which made him worried.
③She is strongly opposed ________ purchasing something that is at a discount.
④这就是为什么我反对在我的社区附近建造工厂。
This is why ______________________________ a factory near my community.
opposing
turning
to
I oppose/am opposed to building
2.alarm n. 警报器；闹钟；惊恐，担忧 vt. 使惊恐，使害怕(教材P20）
→alarmed adj. 担忧的；惊恐的；感到恐慌的
→alarming adj. 使人惊恐的；令人担忧的
(1)in alarm 惊恐地
raise/sound the alarm 拉响警报；发出警报
(2)be alarmed at/by ... 对……大为惊慌，被……吓一跳
be alarmed to do ... 做……感到恐慌
【语境感知】
①The rainforests are disappearing at an alarming rate.
雨林正以惊人的速度消失。(关爱地球)
②“What have you done？” Ellie cried in alarm.
“你都干了些什么？”埃莉惊恐地喊道。
③I hammered on all the doors to raise the alarm.
我敲打所有的门让大家警觉。
④They should not be too alarmed by the press reports.
他们不应该被媒体报道搞得过于恐慌。
【靶向小练】
①I have only heard a less ________ (alarm) story than you have heard.
②Everybody was alarmed ________ the news that the enemies were near.
③I raised ________ alarm as soon as I saw the smoke.
④风把门吹开了，我惊慌地转过身去。(动作描写)
________________ as the wind blew the door open.
⑤看到那些人带着枪，我吓了一跳。
____________________ that the men were carrying guns.
alarming
at/by
the
I turned in alarm
I was alarmed to see
3.reflect v. 显示，反映；深思(教材P20)
→reflection n. 反映；映像；发射；深思
→reflective adj. 反射的；反映的；沉思的；深思的；(指物体表面)反光的
(1)reflect on/upon sth 认真思考某事
(2)on/upon reflection 经再三思考
【语境感知】
①Her facial expression reflected how she really felt.
她的面部表情反映出了她的真实感受。
②The manager needed more time to reflect on/upon what to do.
经理需要更多的时间来思考做什么。
③She decided on reflection to accept his offer after all.
经过再三思考，她决定还是接受他的提议。
【靶向小练】
①On dark nights children should wear ________ (reflect) clothing.
②Your clothes are often a __________ (reflect) of your personality.
③I hope in years to come he will reflect ________ his decision.
④最初我认为那是个坏主意，但经再三思考，我认识到她是对的。(心理描写)
At first I thought it was a bad idea, ____________________ I realized she was right.
reflective
reflection
on/upon
but on/upon reflection
4.behavior n. 举止，行为→__________ vi. 表现；举止端正 vt. 表现得体
探究二 拓展词
behave
【语境感知】
The child behaves so well in class that the teacher praised his good behavior in front of others.
这个孩子在课堂上表现得很好，老师在别人面前表扬了他的好行为。
5.confusing adj. 令人困惑的→____________ adj. 糊涂的，迷糊的；难懂的，混乱的→ ____________ n. 混淆；混乱；困惑→ __________ vt. 混淆；使困惑；使糊涂
【语境感知】
My teacher confused me by asking so many confusing questions. I was totally confused， standing there in confusion， not knowing what to do.
我的老师问了许多令人困惑的问题，把我弄糊涂了。我完全懵了，站在那里不知所措，不知道该怎么办。
confused
confusion
confuse
【靶向小练】
①I think all of us should mind our __________ (behave) when we dine out.
②Do you think English is a language where some phrases are __________ (confuse) and difficult for beginners
③莉莉，你在公共场合应该规矩点。
__________________________________________________________________
④第一周对他来说有点困惑。
__________________________________________________________________
behavior
confusing
Lily, you should behave yourself in public.
The first week was a little confusing for him.
6.title [熟义] n. 题目，标题
[生义]n. _____________________________________________________
v. ____________________
【语境感知】
①His poems were published under the title of “Emotion and Reason”.
他的诗是以《情感与理智》为题发表的。
②The company publishes twenty new titles a year.
这家公司一年出版二十种新书。
探究三 熟词生义
(书刊的)一种，一本；称号，头衔，职称，称谓；冠军
加标题，定题目
③Give your name and title.
报出你的姓名和称谓。
④She has three world titles.
她已获得三项世界冠军。
⑤Their first album was titled “Ocean Drive”.
他们的第一张专辑定名为《海洋行》。
【靶向小练】
①He became Jamaica's first Olympic gold medallist when he won the 400 metre champion in 1948.汉语：____________ 同义词：________
②她不是作家。她的头衔是博士。
____________________________________________________________________
③我丢了一本书，但我现在记不起书名了。
____________________________________________________________________
④到她40岁的时候，她已经赢得了许多冠军。
____________________________________________________________________
冠军
title
She's not a writer. Her title is doctor.
I lost a book, the title of which I can't remember now.
By the time she turns 40, she has won many titles.
7.visible [熟义]adj. 看得见的，可见的
[生义]adj. _______________________________________________
【语境感知】
①Her hand was just visible in the dimly lit room.
她的手在这个昏暗的房间里勉强可见。
②There has been a visible change in his attitude.
他的态度有明显的转变。
③He remained the most highly visible politician of this place.
他仍然是这个地方最引人注目的政治家。
(影响)明显的，显然的，可察觉的；引人注目的
【靶向小练】
①He was making a(n) obvious effort to control himself.汉语：____________
同义词：________
②从海滩上可以清楚地看到那所房子。
____________________________________________________________________
明显的
visible
The house is clearly visible from the beach.
8.burn up 烧毁，烧尽；消耗(体力、能量等）(教材P20）
burn其他相关短语：
burn down 烧毁
burn ... to the ground 将……烧成平地
burn out 烧坏；燃尽；耗尽体力
探究四 短语
【语境感知】
①Brisk walking burns up more calories than slow jogging.
快走比慢跑能消耗更多的卡路里。
②A number of houses were burned down in the fire.
在火灾中，有许多房子被烧毁了。
③The big fire burned the teaching building to the ground.
大火将教学楼烧成平地。
burn down意为“烧毁”，通常指建筑物被完全烧塌；burn up也有“烧毁，烧掉”之意，但一般不是指建筑物。
【靶向小练】
①The bedclothes caught fire and the whole house was burned ________.
②Which burns ________ more calories—swimming or cycling
③If you do not slow down and take a break, you will burn ________ very quickly.
④我们到那里时，看到房子被夷为平地。(场景描写)
We saw the house ____________________ when we got there.
down
up
out
burnt to the ground
9.wind up给(机械)上发条；使(活动、会议等)结束(教材P20)
wind其他相关短语：
wind one's way 蜿蜒前进，曲折延伸
wind back 倒回，回退；倒(磁带、胶卷等)
wind down 放松；休息；摇下；慢下来，逐渐减少
【语境感知】
①Let me try winding up your watch—maybe that will get it going again.
让我试着给你的表上发条——也许这样能使它走起来。
②The stream winds its way through the village.
这条小溪蜿蜒流过村庄。
③He wound the tape back to the beginning.
他把磁带倒到了开头。
④Once she'd got into the car， she wound the window down.
她一上车就把车窗摇下来。
【靶向小练】
①He wound ________ his business and personal affairs before joining the army.
②I regularly have a drink to wind ________.
③我看到一条蛇蜿蜒爬上树。
____________________________________________________________________
up
down
I noticed a snake winding its way up the tree.
10.Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.(教材P19）
而 pineapple(菠萝）里既没有 pine(松树），也没有apple(苹果）。
【分析】 neither ... nor ... 意为“既不……也不……”，可连接任意两个并列的成分。
探究五 长难句分析
(1)neither ... nor ... 连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数应和临近的主语一致，遵循“就近原则”。
(2)neither可以单独作主语，表示“两者中没有一个”。
(3)表示“一个人没有做某事，另一个人也没做同一类事”时，可用neither或nor引起的部分倒装句进行简略回答。其结构为：Neither/Nor＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语。
(4)如果neither ... nor ... 连接两个句子，且neither， nor分别位于分句句首时，则两个分句都要进行部分倒装。
【语境感知】
①Neither John nor his friends know how to operate the machine.
约翰和他的朋友们都不知道怎样操作这台机器。
②We've got two cameras， but neither works properly.
我们有两台照相机，但都不能正常工作。
③They didn't go to the park yesterday. Neither/Nor did we.
昨天他们没去公园，我们也没去。
④Neither has he done it， nor will he do it.
他没有做过这事，他以后也不会做这事。
neither ... nor ... 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则”，有同样用法的还有 either ... or ... (或者……或者……），not only ... but (also） ... (不但…… 而且 ……），not ... but ... (不是……而是……）等。
【靶向小练】
①Neither his parents nor he ________ (like) eating meat.
②Not only the teacher but also the students ___________ (invite) by him yesterday.
③She has neither changed her mind nor will she do so.(改为倒装句)
→__________________________________________________________________
likes
were invited
Neither has she changed her mind nor will she do so.
11.That is why when the stars are out， they are visible， but when the lights are out， they are invisible.(教材P20）
这就是为什么 stars are out(星星出来了）的时候我们能看到星星，而lights are out(灯灭了）的时候我们却看不到灯光。
【分析】 That is why ... 意为“这就是……的原因”；why 引导表语从句，表示结果；That指代上文提到的事实；表语从句中，but连接两个并列的when引导的时间状语从句。
(1)This/That is/was why ... 这/那就是……的原因(why引导表语从句，表示结果)
(2)This/It/That is/was because ... 这/那是因为……(because引导表语从句，表示原因)
(3)The reason why ... is/was that ... ……的原因是……(why引导定语从句，修饰reason；that引导表语从句，表示原因)
【语境感知】
He fell from a tall tree. That was why he hurt his leg.
＝He hurt his leg. That was because he fell from a tall tree.
＝The reason why he hurt his leg was that he fell from a tall tree.
他从一棵很高的树上摔下来。那就是他弄伤腿的原因。
【靶向小练】
①He's more of a talker than a doer; this is ________ he never finishes anything.
②From space, the earth looks blue; this is ________ about seventy one percent of its surface is covered by water.
③The reason why we don't trust him is ________ he often lies.
④Tom came late for the meeting because he was ill.
→Tom was ill. ________________ he came late for the meeting.
→Tom came late for the meeting. ____________________ he was ill.
→________________ Tom came late for the meeting ________________ he was ill.
why
because
that
That was why
That was because
The reason why
was that
课堂作业 巩固内化
Ⅰ.写出单词
1．His actions were in ________ (相反的) directions to what he had promised.
2．We welcome you to join us on a special tour which explores the ________ (独特的) natural scenery in China.
3．I wear a bright orange jacket while bicycling because it makes me highly ________ (看得见的) to car drivers.
4．She was careful to reset the ________ (闹钟) before she left the office.
5．We saw a field full of ___________ (菠萝) during our trip to the countryside.
opposing
unique
visible
alarm
pineapples
6．The film has been adapted from a play of the same t________．
7．The walls, painted brilliant white, r________ the afternoon sun.
8．She became h________ when she saw a picture of her family on the wall.
9．The forest was filled with the fresh scent of p___， making it a peaceful place to walk.
10．The e________ in our garden is growing well, with large purple fruits.
itle
eflected
omesick
ine
ggplant
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．My grandmother has trouble ________ walking long distances because of her bad knees.
2．The woman ________ whom you talked just now is my teacher.
3．Most of the local residents opposed ________ (close) the school.
4．________ reflection, we decided to put the sculpture in front of the teaching building.
in
to
closing
On/Upon
5．The village in the distance is ________ (visible) because of the thick fog.
6．As the evening approached, the activity in the park began to wind ________．
7．I appreciate ________ (have) such a supportive family.
8．She was alarmed ________ the prospect of travelling alone.
9．The ________ (sculpt) was so detailed that it seemed as if it were alive.
10．Neither ________ he like math, nor does he show any interest in science.
invisible
down
having
at/by
sculpture
does
Ⅲ.语段填词
1．The students ________ a wonderful play for the school festival. Their ________ ideas made the performance a huge success. (create)
2．The team ________ the change in the game strategy. Their ________， the coach, was determined to implement it. (oppose)
3．Her polite ________ at the party impressed everyone. She always tries to ________ gracefully in social situations. (behave)
4．The new math problem was really __________. It _________ the whole class, and no one could solve it at first. (confuse)
5．She sat quietly by the lake, and the calm water ________ her sad face. It was a moment that made her become ___________ about her life choices. (reflect)
created
creative
opposed
opponent
behavior
behave
confusing
confused
reflected
reflective
Ⅳ.翻译
1．The woodshed ________________ (烧毁) in half an hour.
2．The chairman __________ (结束) his speech with a famous saying yesterday.
3．I saved money every month. ____________________________ (这就是为什么我能买得起) a new bike now.
4．听到她要来，我大为惊慌。 (be alarmed to do sth)
__________________________________________________________________
5．他和我都不能理解她。(neither ... nor)
__________________________________________________________________
burned/burnt down
wound up
That is why I can afford to buy
I was alarmed to hear that she was coming.
Neither he nor I am able to understand her.
课后课时作业
较易题(占比70%) 中档题(占比30%) 拔高题(占比0%)
Ⅰ 阅读
Learning any language is hard， but learning English can be especially challenging. Why？ Because native speakers use the language in ways that textbooks could never describe. In particular， words that British people use cause many language students to scratch their heads.
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★★ ★ ★
Here's an example： You overhear a Briton calling someone a “wazzock”. But what exactly is a wazzock？ This word， in fact， means a foolish person， although there's nothing about it that would help you guess that. There are many strange terms like this in British English—the Oxford English Dictionary would be much smaller without these odd usages filling its pages.
How can these odd words be explained？ Part of the answer is the British sense of humor. Britons don't like to take things too seriously， and this is evident through many British words and phrases. For example， to “spend a penny” means to use the bathroom. It refers to the days when people had to pay a penny to use a public toilet.
In an interview for the BBC's website， British linguist David Crystal suggested there may be historical reasons for the large number of odd words and phrases in British English. He thinks that they began in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. This was a great age for the theater， when Shakespeare and other writers worked hard to keep up with the demand for new plays. The theater's popularity also created an incentive to invent new words. With this in mind， perhaps Shakespeare and his peers are to blame for unusual British words such as “codswallop” and “balderdash”—which both， mean “nonsense”.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英式英语中出现大量奇怪单词的原因。
While these strange words may be confusing to non native speakers， they certainly make studying English a lot more interesting.
1.According to the text， why may non native speakers find it more challenging to learn English？
A.Dictionaries are too complicated to understand.
B.The English vocabulary is too large for them to learn.
C.A large number of strange expressions confuse them.
D.The English textbooks they use are usually out of date.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Because native speakers ... scratch their heads.(因为母语为英语的人使用这种语言的方式是教科书无法描述的。特别是英国人使用的单词，让许多语言专业的学生挠头。）”可推知，母语为非英语的人之所以会觉得学英语更具有挑战性是因为许多奇怪的表达让他们觉得非常困惑。故选C。
2.With the example of the Oxford English Dictionary in Paragraph 2， the author intends to ________.
A.stress the large number of strange terms
B.explain the origin of the strange phrases
C.show British people's attitude towards odd phrases
D.show the usefulness of the Oxford English Dictionary
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“There are many ... filling its pages.”可知，英式英语中有很多奇怪的术语，如果没有这些奇怪的用法充斥其中，《牛津英语词典》的篇幅就会小得多。由此可推知，第二段以《牛津英语词典》为例，是为了强调英语词汇中有大量奇怪的术语。故选A。
3.Which of the following words has the similar meaning to the underlined word “incentive” in Paragraph 4？
A.Concern. B.Inspiration.
C.Application. D.Opinion.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“He thinks that ... demand for new plays.”可知，David Crystal (大卫·克里斯特尔）认为这些奇怪的单词和短语始于16世纪末和17世纪初。这对戏剧来说是一个伟大的时代，莎士比亚和其他作家努力满足对新剧的需求。由此可推知，剧院也同时受到了大众的欢迎，从而激发了人们发明新词。incentive意为“启发，激发”。故选B。
4.What is the tone of the author in writing the article？
A.Serious. B.Anxious.
C.Indifferent. D.Humorous.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“For example ... use a public toilet.(例如，‘花一分钱’的意思是使用卫生间。它指的是人们必须花一分钱才能使用公共厕所的日子。）”以及全文可知，作者在文中使用了诙谐的单词，举了一些有趣的例子。由此可推知，作者用幽默的语气写的这篇文章。故选D。
Ⅱ 完形填空
I started learning English at the age of 22 in 1995， which is late to start studying a language.
I joined a __1__ to study English. I needed to get a TOEFL score of 550 to study in the USA. It was a __2__ task for me as a beginner. At the end of the program， I took the TOEFL and I __3__ it. I was the only person to get a score of 550 from the __4__ class. After a few weeks I was __5__ to go to the USA.
There was no one to pick me up at the airport. So I was __6__ with my TOEFL score of 550 to find my way around. It was not that easy and the __7__ did not help me at all.
I remember asking people very simply and probably __8__ how to get to my hotel， and in return I would __9__ nothing. But I understood one __10__ from one person's answer—“CORNER” and I was able to go to a corner where there were some free phones to call specific hotels.
So I __11__ one of the phones and called my hotel. I was trying to explain my __12__ with my broken English. Finally， I __13__ to understand that there were direct hotel buses from the airport. It was at that moment that I felt successful in learning English because I was able to __14__.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在22岁时开始学习英语的经历，以及他在学习英语过程中所遇到的挑战和成功。
I have been a learner of the English language ever since and my learning never __15__.
1.A.party B.game
C.college D.program
解析：party 派对；game 游戏；college 大学；program 项目。根据下文“At the end of the program， I took the TOEFL and I __3__ it.”可知，作者参加了一个学习英语的项目。故选D。
2.A.valuable B.challenging
C.necessary D.different
解析：valuable 有价值的；challenging 具有挑战性的；necessary 必要的；different 不同的。根据上文“I needed to get a TOEFL score of 550 to study in the USA.”和下文“as a beginner”可知，作者是初学者，所以托福成绩达到550分去美国学习是具有挑战性的。故选B。
3.A.made B.knew
C.remembered D.believed
4.A.beginners' B.teachers'
C.leaders' D.partners'
解析：根据下文“I was the only person ... go to the USA.”可知，作者成功地通过了托福考试。make it “成功；达到预定目标”。故选A。
解析：根据上文“It was a __2__ task for me as a beginner.”可知，作者参加的是初学者的班级。故选A。
5.A.afraid B.free
C.safe D.ready
解析： afraid 害怕的；free 自由的；safe 安全的；ready 准备好的。根据上文“I needed to get a TOEFL score of 550 to study in the USA.”可知，作者考托福的目的就是准备去美国学习。故选D。
6.A.sleepy B.alone
C.popular D.silent
解析：sleepy 困倦的；alone 单独的；popular 受欢迎的；silent 沉默的。根据上文“There was no one to pick me up at the airport.”可知，作者是独自一个人去美国的。故选B。
7.A.idea B.decision
C.score D.exam
解析： idea 想法；decision 决定；score 分数；exam 考试。根据上文“So I was __6__ with my TOEFL score of 550 to find my way around.”可知，550分的托福分数对作者没有任何帮助。故选C。
8.A.quickly B.wrongly
C.secretly D.naturally
解析： quickly 迅速地；wrongly 错误地；secretly 秘密地；naturally 自然地。根据下文“how to get to my hotel”可知，作者用英语简单并自然地问路。故选D。
9.A.discover B.record
C.expect D.understand
解析： discover 发现；record 记录；expect 期望；understand 理解。根据下文“But I understood ... call specific hotels.”可知，作者不理解别人所说的英语。故选D。
10.A.word B.joke
C.name D.voice
解析：word 词语；joke 玩笑；name 名字；voice 声音。根据下文“‘CORNER’ and I ... call specific hotels”可知，作者听懂了其中一个人所说的一个词语。故选A。
11.A.picked up B.thought of
C.missed out D.checked on
解析： pick up 拿起；捡起；think of 想到；miss out 错过机会；check on 检查。根据下文“and called my hotel”可知，作者拿起电话给酒店打电话。故选A。
12.A.relationship B.mistake
C.situation D.choice
解析： relationship 关系；mistake 错误；situation 处境；状况；choice 选择。根据下文“with my broken English”可知，作者在电话里用蹩脚的英语解释自己的处境。故选C。
13.A.continued B.managed
C.forgot D.prepared
解析： continue 继续；manage 设法做到；forget 忘记；prepare 准备。根据下文“It was at that moment ... I was able to __14__.”可知，最后作者成功地明白了如何从机场到达酒店。故选B。
14.A.explore B.celebrate
C.compete D.communicate
解析： explore 探索；celebrate 庆祝；compete 竞争；communicate 交流。根据上文“So I __11__ one of the phones ... from the airport.”可知，作者通过蹩脚的英语成功地进行了交流。故选D。
15.A.matters B.appears
C.ends D.fails
解析： matter 有关系；appear 出现；end 结束；fail 失败。根据上文“I have been a learner of the English language ever since”可知，作者真正地理解了学无止境。故选C。
Ⅲ 语法填空
Chinese characters are so __1__ (amaze) that even many foreigners are crazy about them. For the past three decades， Richard Sears has been focused on one thing： telling many __2__ (story) behind Chinese characters. His interest in Chinese language and characters dates back to 1972， when he was a 22 year old physics major in the USA.
He built a website in 2002 and named it Chinese Etymology (词源)， __3__ provides visitors with opportunities to check the development of Chinese characters in a variety of forms for free. Because of this well received website， he __4__ (become) Uncle Hanzi， a nickname (昵称) which was given by Chinese netizens.
In September， Sears set up __5__ (he) studio in Nanjing as part of the local government's plan to promote Chinese culture. To help both Chinese __6__ foreign learners have a better understanding of Chinese characters， the studio concentrates __7__ telling stories behind Chinese characters with the aid of technology. They have made over 60 videos in English with Chinese subtitles for Bilibili， a popular video website among young people. __8__ (watch) the videos not only brings fun but also makes people know more about Chinese characters， leaving them a deep __9__ (impress).
With the tireless efforts of people like Richard Sears and the government's support， more people will appreciate the beauty of Chinese characters __10__ (full).
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Richard Sears (理查德·西尔斯）一直专注于讲述汉字背后的故事。
1．________ 2．________ 3．________ 4．________ 5．________
6．________ 7．________ 8．________ 9．________ 10．________
1.答案：amazing
解析：考查词性转换。句意：汉字是如此神奇，以至于许多外国人都为之疯狂。此处修饰Chinese characters，表示“令人惊奇的”，应用形容词amazing作表语。故填amazing。
2.答案：stories
解析：考查名词。根据设空前“many”可知，此处应用名词复数作telling的宾语。故填stories。
3.答案：which
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为website，指物，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
4.答案：became
解析：考查动词的时态。此处在句中作谓语，根据句中“was given”可知，描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。故填became。
5.答案：his
解析：考查代词。此处修饰名词studio，应用形容词性物主代词作定语。故填his。
6.答案：and
解析：考查连词。句意：为了帮助中外学习者更好地理解汉字，该工作室致力于借助技术手段讲述汉字背后的故事。固定搭配both ... and ... 意为“两者都……”。故填and。
7.答案：on
解析：考查介词。固定搭配concentrate on意为“专注于”。故填on。
8.答案：Watching
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处应用动名词作主语；且位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填Watching。
9.答案：impression
解析：考查词性转换。leave sb a deep impression意为“给某人留下深刻的印象”。故填impression。
10.答案：fully
解析：考查词性转换。设空处修饰动词appreciate，应用副词作状语。故填fully。
A tree has roots. People have roots too. If you get to the root of a problem， you will solve it. It's the same thing with words. Dig deeply into a big， unfamiliar word and you will understand where it came from.
精深阅读
As readers， especially those reading in a second language， we need to deal with the text as if we were detectives (侦探) looking for information to unlock the unknown. Like any good detective arriving on the crime scene， the first thing to do when meeting a new and difficult word is to judge the situation， to look at everything that is known and see if it helps us to understand what it means.
As you know， prefixes (前缀) and suffixes (后缀) can be added to the beginning or end of words to change the meaning. Know them， and you will have the word building power. But root words are the key. Take time to learn a few of these， put them in your memory， and you will become a master word detective.
Let's look at one common root word used in English. “Alter” from the Latin (拉丁语的) word means “other”. When you meet this root word， you know that the bigger word has something to do with “other”. Examine the word “alternate”. Can you find the Latin root in it？
If you and your friend like to eat out， first you pay and the other pays the next time. You are alternating paying.
If you go to the movies on alternate Saturdays， you go on one Saturday， but not the other Saturday.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章强调了词根的重要性，并举例说明了如何通过词根理解词汇的意义。
If you have no alternative， you have no other choice.
Learn as many root words as possible in the language you are studying. Then use your “rooting for words” skills. Like any new skill， practice and hard work are always paid back.
1.If Jim and Lily go to the movies， which one below is “alternating paying”？
A.Jim pays every time.
B.They each pay half.
C.They take turns paying.
D.Their parents pay for them.
解析：推理判断题。根据文章中“ If you and your friend ... alternating paying.”可知，如果你和你的朋友喜欢出去吃饭，这次你付钱，下次你的朋友付钱，你们就是交替支付。由此可推知，如果Jim (杰姆）和Lily (莉莉）去看电影，alternating paying指的就是“他们轮流付钱”。故选C。
2.How does the author explain his ideas about root words？
A.By giving a fact.
B.By taking an example.
C.By telling a story.
D.By having a discussion.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，作者列举了词根“Alter”来说明词根对词汇学习的重要性。由此可推知，作者是通过举例的方式来阐述他对词根的观点。故选B。
3.“Sen” from the Latin word means “old”. Which word uses this Latin root？
A.My brother is my senior by two years.
B.He was ill so he was absent from school.
C.A criminal was sentenced to death by law.
D.60 students were present at the sports meeting.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，更大的词汇和它的拉丁语词根相关。题干告知我们拉丁语词根“Sen”的意思是“年老的；年纪大的”，由此可推知，senior意为“较年长的人；长者”，使用了拉丁语词根“Sen”。故选A。
4.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage？
(①＝Paragraph 1 ②＝Paragraph 2 ... )
解析：推理判断题。第一段提出研究词根的重要性；第二段通过类比来说明如何利用词根来分析词义；第三段和第四段是并列关系，用举例的方式说明如何通过词根来分析词义，且与第二段构成并列关系；最后一段是对全文内容的总结。故选B。
(一)热词
1．________ vi. 搜寻，寻找；挖
2．especially adv. ________________
3．judge v. ________________
4．________ n. 情况，形势
5．alternate v. ________________
adj. ________________
精深阅读——好词句小练
dig
尤其，特别
判断；断定
situation
(使)交替
轮流的，交替的
(二)高频短语
6．get to ______________________________
7．________________ 处理，对付
8．be added to ________________
9．________________________ 与……有关
10．pay back ________________
理解，明白；到达，开始；着手
deal with
被加到……上
have something to do with
回报，偿还
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
11．She was ________ (deep) affected by the sad story.
12．Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains ________ (known)．
13．These plans take time ________ (come) to fruition.
deeply
unknown
to come
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
14．Money is often the root of all evil.____________
15．The beach at sunset creates a romantic scene.____________
16．Tom struggled for a while to unlock the bicycle chain with the small key.____________
根源
景象
打开
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
17．We are faced with a difficult choice. ___________
18．We need to assess the situation before making a decision._________
19．It is usual to start a speech by thanking everybody for coming. __________
alternative
judge， common， alternative
judge
common
(六)长难句分析
20．Like any good detective arriving on the crime scene, the first thing to do when meeting a new and difficult word is to judge the situation, to look at everything that is known and see if it helps us to understand what it means.
句意：就像任何一个到达犯罪现场的优秀侦探一样，当遇到一个新的、困难的单词时，要做的第一件事就是判断情况，观察所有已知的事情，并查看这是否有助于我们理解它的含义。
分析：主干是________________________________________________________ ___________；arriving on the crime scene为现在分词短语作____________；to do为动词不定式作____________；to judge the situation为不定式短语作________；that引导________从句；if引导________从句；what引导________从句。
the first thing is to judge the situation, to look at everything and see ...
后置定语
后置定语
表语
定语
宾语
宾语
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
21．We try to make these training courses ____________________ (尽可能贴近实际)．
22．My wife and I were ________________ (第一个到达) and hopped on board.
(八)仿写句子
23．Know them, and you will have the word building power.(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)
仿写：你来上海的时候请联系我，我会带你四处参观一下。
__________________________________________________________________
as realistic as possible
the first to arrive
Please contact me when you're coming to Shanghai and I will show you around.
When you are learning English， you find it not clever to put an English sentence， word for word， into your own language. Take the sentence “How do you do？” as an example. If you look up each word in the dictionary， one at a time， what is your translation？ It must be a wrong sentence in your own language.
精深阅读
Languages do not just have different sounds. They are different in many ways. It's important to master the rules for word order in the study of English， too. If the speakers put words in a wrong order， the listener can't understand the speakers' sentences easily. Sometimes when the order of words in an English sentence is changed， the meaning of the sentence changes. But sometimes when the order is changed， the meaning of the sentence doesn't change. Let's see the difference between the two pairs of sentences.
“She only likes apples.” “Only she likes apples.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了学习英语时应避免逐字翻译，要理解词语顺序、语言精髓和用法，像英语母语者一样灵活运用语言。
“I've seen the film already.” “I have already seen the film.”
When you are learning English， you must do your best to get the spirit of the language and use it as the English speakers do.
1.What can we know from the passage when we are learning English？
A.We shouldn't put every word into our own language.
B.We should look up every word in the dictionary.
C.We need to put every word into our own language.
D.We must read word by word.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When you are ... into your own language.”可知，当我们学习英语的时候，我们不应该把每个单词都用自己的语言表达出来。故选A。
2.How does the writer think in learning English？
A.Difficult to understand different sounds.
B.Possible to remember the word order.
C.Important to master the rules in different ways.
D.Easy to master the rules for word order.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Languages do not ... the study of English， too.”可知，作者认为在学习英语的过程中掌握不同的规则是很重要的。故选C。
3.What can we learn from the passage？
A.The meaning of an English sentence always changes with the order of the words.
B.The order of words can never change the meaning of an English sentence.
C.Sometimes different order of words has a different meaning.
D.If the order of words is different， the meaning of the sentence must be different.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Sometimes when the order ... the sentence changes.”可推知，有时候不同的词序会有不同的意思。故选C。
4.Which is the best title for this passage？
A.Different Orders， Different Meanings
B.How to Speak English？
C.How to Put English into Our Own Language？
D.How to Learn English？
解析：标题判断题。文章主要说明了学习英语时避免逐字翻译，要理解词语顺序、语言精髓和用法，像英语母语者一样灵活运用语言。因此，D项(如何学习英语？）最适合作为文章标题。故选D。
(一)热词
1．________ n. 句子；判决 v. 判决；宣判
2．translation n. _________
3．________ v. 精通；掌握；控制；掌控
4．________ n. 顺序；秩序；订货；点菜 v. 命令；订购
5．spirit n. _________________________________
精深阅读——好词句小练
sentence
翻译
master
order
精髓；真实意义；精神；心灵
(二)高频短语
6．_____________________ 以……为例
7．_________ 查找；查阅
8．________________ 一次一个；每次一个
9．in a(n) ... order ________________
10．______________ 尽某人最大努力
take ... as an example
look up
one at a time
按……顺序
do one's best
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
11．The book loses something in ___________ (translate)．
12．Whether he comes or not doesn't make any ___________ (different) to me.
13．The discussion about electronic ____________ (dictionary) has never stopped in the past few years.
translation
difference
dictionaries
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
14．The police are responsible for maintaining law and order. ____________
15．The art gallery displayed the works of a famous master, attracting art lovers from all over the country.____________
16．We need to pair the students for the group project. __________________
秩序
大师
把……组成一对
(五)用方框中单词或短语的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
17．The face is the mirror of the soul.________
18．How intelligent of you to work it out！________
19．Mike did all he could to help clean the house. ____________
spirit
clever, do one's best, spirit
clever
did his best
(六)长难句分析
20．When you are learning English, you find it not clever to put an English sentence, word for word, into your own language.
句意：当你学习英语时，你会发现把英语句子逐字逐句地翻译成自己的语言是不聪明的。
分析：主干是___________________________________________； find it not clever为“find＋宾语＋____________”结构，it为__________，to put ... your own language为动词不定式短语作____________；When引导___________从句。
you find it not clever to ... your own language
宾语补足语
形式宾语
真正的宾语
时间状语
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
21．Can you ____________ (查找) the opening times on the website
22．She repeated their conversation ________________ (逐字逐句地) to me.
(八)仿写句子
23．It's important to master the rules for word order in the study of English, too.(it作形式主语)
仿写：不可能及时到达那里。
__________________________________________________________________
look up
word for word
It's impossible to get there in time.
