英语 必修 第一册 WY
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
一、阅读单词
1.monarch n. 君主，国王
2.Atlantic adj. 大西洋的
3.whale n. 鲸
4.caterpillar n. 毛虫(蝴蝶等昆虫的幼虫)
5.creature n. 生物，动物
二、核心单词
1.charity n. 慈善机构，慈善团体
2.annual adj. 一年一度的，每年的
3.seek v. 寻找，寻求
4.professor n. 教授
5.measure v. 量，测量
6.position n. 位置
7.solution n. 解决，解决方法
8.mystery n. 难以理解的事物，谜
9.per__cent n. 百分比
10.destroy v. 破坏，毁掉
11.chemical n. 化学品
12.survive v. 活下来，幸存
13.effect n. 影响，结果
三、拓展单词(可查字典）
1.migration n. 迁徙→migrate v. 移栖，迁徙
2.determine v. 测定，确定→determined adj. 坚定的；下定决心的→determination n. 决心；决定
3.eventually adv. 终于，最终→eventual adj. 最终的，结局的
4.amazing adj. 惊人的，了不起的→amazed adj. 惊讶的→amaze vt. 使惊讶→amazement n. 惊讶
四、熟词生义
crash 熟义：v. 撞车，坠毁
n. 撞车事故，失事
生义：v. 猛撞；发出巨响；(计算机)瘫痪，死机；(在体育比赛中)惨败；过夜，很快入睡；暴跌 n. 巨响，碰撞声；破产，暴跌
课文三维剖析
The Monarch's Journey
黑脉金斑蝶的旅程
Many animals move from one place to another at certain times of the year. This annual movement is called migration. They migrate to find food， seek a partner， or in search of warmer weather. One of the most wonderful migrations in nature1 is that of the North American monarch butterfly. 许多动物都会在每年的特定时间从一处迁移到另一处。这种一年一度的行为叫作“迁徙”。动物为了觅食、寻找配偶或温暖的环境而迁徙。自然界最为壮观的迁徙之一就是北美洲黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙。 Every autumn2 ， millions of these beautiful insects with fine black and orange wings3 begin a long and difficult journey. Somehow they manage to travel around 4，000 kilometres south4 and find their way to California or Mexico5 . However， until recently no one knew how6 they did this. 每年秋天，数百万只这种翅膀橙黑相间的美丽昆虫都会开启漫长且艰辛的旅程。它们总是能够完成约 4，000公里的南行旅程，成功到达(美国）加利福尼亚州或墨西哥。然而，直到最近人们才明白它们是如何做到的。 A team of scientists led by Professor Eli Shlizerman at the University of Washington7 has now found the answer. They have found out that8 the monarch is able to tell the time of day. It uses its eyes to measure the position of the sun9 . These two pieces of information—the time of day and the point where10 the sun is in the sky—allow the butterfly to determine the way to go11 . Eventually， it manages to reach the places where12 it will spend the winter. 一支由伊莱·史莱泽曼教授领导的来自华盛顿大学的科学家团队现已找到了答案。他们发现，黑脉金斑蝶可以判断时间，并能用眼睛测量太阳的位置。这两条信息——一天中的时刻和太阳在天空中的位置——让黑脉金斑蝶能够判定前进方向，最终成功抵达过冬的地点。 The solution to the mystery of the monarch's amazing ability comes at a time when13 it is in serious trouble. Its population has crashed by as much as 90 per cent in the last few years. Sadly， human activity is the main reason why14 the number of monarch butterflies is falling. In many of the places where15 the butterfly can be found， people are destroying the natural environment. They cut down trees and use chemicals that16 kill the plants that17 monarch caterpillars eat. 黑脉金斑蝶这一惊人能力的奥秘被揭开时，这一生物正处于水深火热的生存状态中。其数量在近年内减少了百分之九十之多。不幸的是，人类活动是造成其数量下降的主要原因。在黑脉金斑蝶生存的许多地方，人们正破坏着那里的自然环境。他们砍伐树木，他们所用的化学制剂杀死了黑脉金斑蝶幼虫食用的植物。 The research on the monarch's behaviour18 has however led to a greater awareness of this creature. People have been working together to record its migration and make sure that19 there are enough plants for it to feed on. If20 this works， there may come a time when21 the number of monarch butterflies increases once again. The more we know about this lovely creature， the greater22 the chance it will survive and keep its place in the natural world for a long time to come. 不过，对黑脉金斑蝶行为的研究也使得人们对这种生物有了更多的了解。人们已经在共同努力，记录它的迁徙，并确保它有足够的食物。如果这些努力产生效果，黑脉金斑蝶的数量在未来有可能再次回升。我们对这种迷人的生物了解越多，它们在自然界中得以长久生存并保持其位置的可能性就越大。 1 介词短语作后置定语，修饰One of the most wonderful migrations 2 时间状语 3 介词短语作后置定语，修饰名词insects 4 动词不定式短语作宾语 5 介词短语作后置定语 6 引导宾语从句 7 过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词scientists 8 引导宾语从句 9 动词不定式短语作目的状语 10 引导定语从句，修饰先行词point 11动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词way 12引导定语从句，修饰先行词places 13引导定语从句，修饰先行词time 14引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason 15引导定语从句，修饰先行词places 16引导定语从句，修饰先行词chemicals 17引导定语从句，修饰先行词plants 18介词短语作后置定语，修饰名词research 19引导宾语从句 20引导条件状语从句 21引导定语从句，修饰先行词time 22表示“……越多，……就越大”，前者表示条件，后者是主句，主句谓语动词通常用一般将来时
阅读领悟
一、课文分段主旨大意
二、问题链
1.What's the main idea of the passage？
The__monarch__butterflies'__migration.
2.Where are you most likely to find the passage？
In__a__popular__nature__magazine.
探究一 高频词
1.seek v. 寻找，寻求；试图，设法(教材P66）
seek to do sth 设法做某事 seek out 找出；找到 seek after 追求；追逐 seek (for) sth 寻找某物
【语境感知】
①I am always seeking to improve my teaching method.
我一直在设法改进我的教学方法。
②He sought out his friend in the crowd.
他在人群中找到了他的朋友。
③He is a man who likes seeking after wealth and power.
他是一个喜欢追求财富和权力的人。
④Drivers are advised to seek (for) alternative routes.
建议司机另寻其他路线。
【靶向小练】
①Now a number of college graduates are seeking to__get (get) a high paid job.
②Seeking after too much fame made him unpopular.
③Try to seek out opportunities to renew friendships.
④很多人年复一年地寻求心灵的平静，却很难如愿以偿。
Many people spend years seeking__for__peace__of__mind often with little success.
2.measure v. 量，测量 n. 尺寸；措施(教材P67）
→measurement n. (通常以数字形式呈现的)测量结果 (1)measure ... by ... 用……来测量…… (2)make ... to one's measure 按某人的尺寸做…… take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事
【语境感知】
①Either measure the temperature with a bath thermometer or test the water with your wrist.
要么用浴用温度计测量水温，要么用手腕试一下。
②The house is more than twenty metres long and measures six metres in width.
这座房子长20多米，宽6米。
③My mother made me a pair of trousers to my measure.
我妈妈按照我的尺寸给我做了一条裤子。
④We must take measures to control the situation.
我们必须采取措施控制局势。
measure作“尺寸”讲时，常用作不可数名词；而作“措施”讲时，通常用复数；作动词表示“有……长/宽/高”时，为连系动词，不用于被动语态和进行时，如果此意义的短语作后置定语或状语，应用现在分词。
【靶向小练】
①Education shouldn't be measured only by examination results.
②In the old days， my mother always made new clothes to my measure with the Spring Festival coming.
③The government has taken measures to__bring (bring) down the high prices of houses.
④正在建造的新桥是旧桥的两倍长，将于下个月完工。(事物描写)
The new bridge under construction， measuring__twice__as__long__as__the__old__one， will be completed next month.
3.position n. 位置；处境；地位；职务 v. 安装；使处于(教材P67）
(put ...) in a(n) ... position (使……)处于……位置/处境 in/out of position 在/不在恰当的位置 hold the position of ... 担任……的职务 take up (one's) position 就位
【语境感知】
①Where would the best position for the lights be？
这些灯装在什么位置最好？
②Money， fame and social position are of no interest to him.
他对金钱、名誉和社会地位都不感兴趣。
③He's going to be in a very difficult position indeed if things go badly for him.
如果事情进展不顺利的话，他的处境将非常艰难。
④One of the cups is out of position； put it back in position.
有只杯子位置不对，把它放回到适当的位置。
⑤He held a senior position in a large company.
他在一家大公司担任高级职位。
当position作先行词后接定语从句且关系词在从句中作状语时，用关系副词where引导定语从句。
【靶向小练】
①This problem put him in a difficult position.
②Sales director is a position where communication ability is just as important as sales.
③他到门边就位。
He__took__up__his__position__by__the__door.
4.survive v. 活下来，幸存；幸免于难，艰难度过；比……活的时间长(教材P68）
→survival n. 幸存；生存 →survivor n. 幸存者 survive sth 幸免于(疾病、灾难、事故、危机等)，从……中艰难度过 survive sb (by＋时间)比某人多活…… survive on sth 依靠某物生活
【语境感知】
①Of the six people injured in the crash， only two survived.
在这次撞车事故受伤的六人中，只有两人活了下来。
②The company managed to survive the crisis.
公司设法渡过了危机。
③Scientific research shows that women tend to survive their husbands.
科学研究表明女性往往比她们的丈夫寿命长。
④Life became a struggle for survival.
生活变成了一场争取生存的斗争。
⑤I don't know how you all manage to survive on Jeremy's salary.
我真不知道你们只靠杰里米的薪水是怎样过活的。
【靶向小练】
①Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival (survive) of our natural resources.
②This soldier was the only survivor (survive) of the battle.
③Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe，surviving entirely on discarded (丢弃的) food.
④西安城墙是中国历史上保存下来的最完整的城墙。(地点介绍)
The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has__survived__China's__long__history.
5.effect n. 影响，结果(教材P69）
→effective adj. 有效的 →effectively adv. 有效地 have an effect on/upon ... 对……有影响 bring/put ... into effect 使……生效；实行……，实施…… in effect 有效；在实施中；实际上，事实上 come into effect 生效，开始实施
【语境感知】
①One of the most effective ways to reduce stress is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.
减少压力最有效的方法之一就是与你信任的人谈谈感受。
②I am sure that it will have an effect on our natural environment.
我肯定这将会对我们的自然环境有影响。
③The suggestions were adopted and would be brought/put into effect.
这些建议得到了采纳，并将被付诸实施。
④In effect， that should kill two birds with one stone.
事实上，那样会有一石二鸟的效果。
⑤New controls come into effect next month.
下个月开始实施新的管制措施。
【靶向小练】
①Playing table tennis makes me more energetic and effective (effect) in my study.
②There is no doubt that human activity has an effect on/upon the planet.
③The new rules should be put into effect as soon as possible.
④新法律将于四月生效。
The__new__law__will__come__into__effect__in__April.
探究二 拓展词
6.determine v. 测定，确定→determined adj. 坚定的；下定决心的→determination n. 决心；决定
【语境感知】
She is a determined girl， so we know that once she has determined to do something， she will make her dream come true with great determination.
她是一个有决心的女孩，所以我们知道，一旦她决定做某事，她会以极大的决心使她的梦想成真。
7.amazing adj. 惊人的，了不起的→amazed adj. 惊讶的→amaze vt. 使惊讶→amazement n. 惊讶
【语境感知】
To my amazement， the amazing news amazed the family but their neighbours were not amazed at all.
令我惊讶的是，这个惊人的消息让这家人感到惊讶，但他们的邻居一点也不惊讶。
【靶向小练】
①She gave me a determined (determine) look which said she wouldn't change her mind.
②I find it amazing (amaze) that you don't know about the competition.
③他决心要在学习上超过别人，所以他夜以继日地学习。(人物描写)
He__is__determined__to__get__ahead__of__others__in__studies， so he works day and night.
④我们惊奇地发现没有人受伤。(情感描写)
We__were__amazed__to__find that no one was hurt.
探究三 熟词生义
8.crash [熟义]v. 撞车，坠毁
n. 撞车事故，失事
[生义]v. 猛撞；发出巨响；(计算机）瘫痪，死机；(在体育比赛中）惨败；过夜，很快入睡；暴跌
n. 巨响，碰撞声；破产，暴跌
【语境感知】
①He crashed his car into a wall.
他的汽车撞到了墙上。
②Files can be lost if the system suddenly crashes.
要是计算机系统突然崩溃，文件就可能丢失。
③I was so tired that I crashed out on the sofa.
我累极了，在沙发上就睡着了。
④Share prices crashed to an all time low yesterday.
昨天股票价格暴跌到了前所未有的最低纪录。
⑤His elder son was killed in a car crash a few years ago.
他的大儿子几年前死于一次车祸。
⑥He predicted correctly that there was going to be a stock market crash.
他正确地预测到将出现股市狂跌。
【靶向小练】
①Stewart was injured in a collision with another player. 汉语：碰撞 同义词：crash
②在交易数额不佳的消息公布后，股票价格暴跌。
Share__prices__crashed__after__news__of__poor__trading__figures.
③计算机10天内第2次死机了。
The__computer__crashed__for__the__second__time__in__10__days.
探究四 长难句分析
9.The more we know about this lovely creature， the greater the chance it will survive and keep its place in the natural world for a long time to come.(教材P68）
我们对这种迷人的生物了解越多，它们在自然界中得以长久生存并保持其位置的可能性就越大。
【分析】 “the＋比较级 ...， the＋比较级 ... ”意为“越……，就越……”，表示后者随着前者的变化而变化，the用在形容词或副词的比较级前。
(1)前一个“the＋比较级 ...”通常相当于比较状语从句或条件状语从句，后一个“the＋比较级 ...”通常相当于主句。 (2)在通常情况下，如果主、从句中的谓语动词是系动词be，且主语不是代词，系动词be常省略。 (3)“比较级＋and＋比较级”表示“越来越……”；如果是多音节形容词，则用“more and more＋多音节形容词原级”。
【语境感知】
①The more careful you are， the fewer mistakes you'll make.
你越仔细，犯的错误就越少。
②The taller the tree (is)， the stronger the wind (is).
树大招风。
③With summer coming， the day is becoming longer and longer.
随着夏天的到来，白天变得越来越长。
【靶向小练】
①They found that the more the population grew， the faster (fast) human genes evolved.
②The more people are involved， the better the ocean environment is.
③他越忙就越感到高兴。(情绪描写)
The__busier__he__is，__the__happier__he__feels.
④日子一天天过去，她的身体越来越好了。(人物描写)
As__the__days__went__by，__her__body__got__better__and__better.
Ⅰ.写出单词
1.We were lucky enough to spot a whale (鲸) swimming gracefully in the ocean during our boat trip.
2.We saw a fascinating creature (生物) with colorful feathers flitting among the trees.
3.Factories are dumping chemicals (化学品) into rivers， which makes the water very dirty and puts fish and other water animals in danger.
4.We could hear waves crashing (撞击) against the shore.
5.About 70 per__cent (百分比) of the Earth's surface is covered by water.
6.It's a complete mystery to me why they chose him.
7.Last week， the painting was sold for 2 million yuan， which will go to charity.
8.The school's annual sports day is always a big event for the students.
9.The professor gave a very interesting lecture on history yesterday.
10.Pollution can destroy the balance of nature if not controlled.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.The dancers took up their positions on the dance floor， as the music began to play.
2.We must take preventive measures to__reduce (reduce) crime in the area.
3.Many young people seek after fame and fortune， but often forget what truly matters.
4.Despite the heavy rain， she managed to__get (get) to school on time.
5.His dream is that he can travel around the world one day.
6.Where once she had been totally self－sufficient， she now had to survive on income support.
7.Does television have an effect on/upon children's behaviour？
8.By the end of next month， we will have found a good solution (solve) to the technical problem.
9.The exhibition is designed to heighten people's awareness (aware) of art history.
10.We were able to__see (see) the beautiful sunset from the top of the mountain.
Ⅲ.语段填词
1.The view from the mountaintop is amazing. It will surely amaze anyone who sees it. To our great amazement， even the calmest among us were amazed by this view. (amaze)
2.His eventual aim was to buy a car. Eventually， after two years of saving， he had enough money to purchase his favorite vehicle. (eventual)
3.We adopted an effective plan to clean the park. It worked so effectively that the park looked brand－new within a day. (effect)
4.Every autumn， the migration of birds begins. They migrate south to warmer regions to escape the cold winter. (migrate)
5.I determined to lose weight this year. I made a plan and was determined to stick to it. With great determination， I started my weight－loss journey right away. (determine)
Ⅳ.翻译
1.Eating too much sugar can lead__to__health__problems (导致健康问题).
2.That people cut__down__too__many__trees (砍伐太多的树) destroyed the balance of nature.
3.Thousands were forced to migrate from countryside to city areas in__search__of__work (找工作).
4.他担心得越少，就干得越好。(the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...)
The__less__he__worried，__the__better__he__worked.
5.有一段时间，在我的生活中有一些困难。(when引导的定语从句)
There__was__a__time__when__I__had__some__difficulties__in__my__life.
课后课时作业
较易题(占比70%) 中档题(占比30%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★ ★★ ★
Ⅰ 阅读
Gorillas (大猩猩) in films such as King Kong and Tarzan are wildly beating their chests when under threat. Researchers have tried to find out what the behavior might mean， and they doubt that the gorillas exhibit this behavior not to start fights， but to prevent themselves—and chest beating could be used to advertise their body size to other gorillas.
Scientists observed 25 wild male mountain gorillas for over 3，000 hours. The research team used audio (音频) equipment to record the sound frequency， rate， duration， and amount of chest beats. To determine each gorilla's size， the researchers used cameras to photograph and measure each gorilla's back.
Although the rate， duration， and amount of beats did not correlate with the size of the gorillas， sound frequency did， the researchers report. The team also noticed that larger gorillas produced deeper tone chest drumming. Previous research has shown that a gorilla's larger body size is linked to reproductive success and social rank. The chest beating could be a way for the gorillas to advertise their size to others and， in turn， avoid fights that could result in serious injury or death.
Though gorillas can obviously observe size just by getting a good look at others， the researchers suggest chest－beating is copper bottomed when trying to communicate through a thick forest. The sounds gorillas created by beating their chests are powerful enough to travel long distance through thick forests and signal others their size and fighting ability.
Animal expert Anna Nekaris says it would be interesting to see if smaller gorillas can imitate the deep tones of larger ones in future studies. Nekaris says， “For now， the researchers will continue to study chest beating to see if the action can pass on other information， such as dominance rank， sex， and individual identity， to nearby gorillas.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员对大猩猩拍打胸部的行为进行了观察和研究，认为大猩猩表现出这种行为不是为了打架，而是为了展示自己的体型，从而避免打斗。
1.What is the second paragraph mainly about according to the research？
A.Its findings. B.Its purpose.
C.Its samples. D.Its method.
答案：D
解析：段落大意题。根据第二段(科学家对25只野生雄性山地大猩猩进行了3，000多个小时的观察。研究小组使用音频设备记录了拍胸的声音频率、速度、持续时间和次数。为了确定每只大猩猩的体型，研究人员用相机拍摄并测量了每只大猩猩的背部。）可知，本段主要介绍了科学家们开展该研究的具体方法。故选D。
2.Why do some gorillas beat their chests？
A.To declare war on other gorillas.
B.To frighten other gorillas away.
C.To welcome their companions.
D.To celebrate their victory in a fight.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The chest beating ... serious injury or death.”可知，一些大猩猩拍打胸部是为了展示自己的体型，把其他大猩猩吓跑，从而避免可能导致严重受伤或死亡的打斗。故选B。
3.What does Nekaris suggest researchers study in the future？
A.If smaller gorillas can make deep toned chest drumming.
B.If gorillas' chest beating contains other information.
C.If larger gorillas are better at using their body influence.
D.If gorillas have other communication skills.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Animal expert Anna Nekaris ... in future studies.”可知，Nekaris (奈卡里斯）建议研究人员在未来研究体型较小的大猩猩是否能模仿体型较大的大猩猩发出低沉的拍打胸部的声音。故选A。
4.Which section may the passage come from in a newspaper？
A.Health. B.Entertainment.
C.Science. D.Sports.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章围绕一项针对大猩猩拍打胸部的行为的研究展开，介绍了通过长时间的观察和研究，研究人员认为大猩猩表现出这种行为不是为了打架，而是为了展示自己的体型，从而避免打斗。由此可推知，文章主要涉及动物科学领域，可能出自报纸的科学版块。故选C。
Ⅱ 完形填空
A hero sheep dog became the guiding light of hope for three trapped sheep as it swam across dangerous flooded fields to __1__ them to safety.
Llyr Derwydd， a 44 year old farmer coming from the area of Ruthin， __2__ himself in a dangerous situation on a Friday afternoon. While __3__his sheep in Flintshire as usual， he realized a sad fact—three sheep were helplessly trapped on a small piece of land within the field， cut off by the __4__.
Considering the dangerous conditions that the flood caused， the __5__ required a special hero. In this serious moment，__6__ that hero was none other than the quick thinking sheep dog， Patsy.
Mr Derwydd talked about the sad experience， stating， “We realized we needed to act __7__ to ensure the safety of the trapped sheep. The piece of land they were on was __8__ very fast， and the great danger was increasing.”
In order to rescue the sheep， he made a __9__. With a sense of urgency (紧急) in the air， he wondered whether Patsy， his clever sheep dog， would deal with the problem. A silent __10__ was made， and Patsy， with strong determination， took a brave try.
It was a moment filled with __11__， as the true depth of the water remained unknown. Yet， Patsy's born swimming __12__ and strong determination pushed her forward. Without hesitation (犹豫)， she braved the dangerous waters to __13__ the trapped sheep.
Mr Derwydd shared his __14__， saying， “I knew she was a good swimmer， or I wouldn't take the __15__. However， I was quite surprised by her courage and skill.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了牧羊犬 Patsy (帕齐）勇敢地游过洪水淹没的田野，成功带领三只被困小羊到达安全的地方的故事。
1.A.force B.carry
C.guide D.attract
答案：C
解析：force 迫使；carry 携带；guide 带领；attract 吸引。根据上文“A hero sheep dog ... dangerous flooded fields”可知，三只羊被洪水所困，所以牧羊犬带领它们走出困境到达安全的地方。故选C。
2.A.hid B.found
C.imagined D.reminded
答案：B
解析：hide 隐藏；find 发现；imagine 想象；remind 提醒。根据下文“himself in a dangerous situation”可知，Derwydd (德怀德）发现自己陷入困境，find oneself in ... “(突然）发现自己陷入……”。故选B。
3.A.checking B.describing
C.comparing D.selling
答案：A
解析：check 检查；describe 描述；compare 比较；sell 出售。根据下文“he realized a sad fact ... within the field”可知，Derwydd检查清点自己的羊后才发现羊出了状况。故选A。
4.A.snow B.water
C.fire D.smoke
答案：B
解析：snow 雪；water 水；fire 火；smoke 烟。根据下文“Considering the dangerous conditions that the flood caused”可知，洪水造成了这种险境，所以此处指田野里的小块土地被水分隔开。故选B。
5.A.lecture B.recovery
C.rescue D.experiment
答案：C
解析：lecture 演讲；recovery 康复；rescue 援救；experiment 实验。根据下文“a special hero”可知，有三只羊遭遇险境，需要一位特殊的英雄来援救它们。故选C。
6.A.equally B.suddenly
C.luckily D.obviously
答案：D
解析：equally 平等地；suddenly 突然地；luckily 幸运地；obviously 显然地。根据下文“none other than the quick thinking sheep dog， Patsy”可知，思维敏捷的牧羊犬Patsy是显而易见的最佳救援人选。故选D。
7.A.in return B.in time
C.in person D.in secret
答案：B
解析：in return 作为回报；in time 及时；in person 亲自；in secret 秘密地。根据下文“The piece of land ... the great danger was increasing.”可知，危险在增加，所以必须及时采取行动。故选B。
8.A.reducing B.improving
C.rising D.sliding
答案：A
解析：reduce 减少；improve 改善；rise 上升；slide 滑动。根据下文“the great danger was increasing”可知，那小块土地面积在缩小，所以危险在增加。故选A。
9.A.call B.promise
C.decision D.comment
答案：C
解析：call 呼叫；promise 承诺；decision 决定；comment 评论。根据上文“the great danger was increasing”和“In order to rescue the sheep”可知，情况紧迫，为了拯救被困的羊，Derwydd做出了营救决定。故选C。
10.A.wish B.order
C.warning D.suggestion
答案：B
解析：wish 祝愿；order 命令；warning 警告；suggestion 建议。根据下文“and Patsy， with strong determination， took a brave try”可知，Derwydd下了命令，Patsy开始行动。故选B。
11.A.danger B.regret
C.hope D.fun
答案：A
解析：danger 危险；regret 后悔；hope 希望；fun 乐趣。根据下文“as the true depth of the water remained unknown”可知，不知道水的真正深度，所以当时是一个充满危险的时刻。故选A。
12.A.goals B.curiosity
C.ways D.ability
答案：D
解析：goal 目标；curiosity 好奇心；way 方法；ability 能力。根据上文“born”可知，Patsy天生就具有游泳能力。故选D。
13.A.catch B.feed
C.reach D.stop
答案：C
解析：catch 捕捉；feed 喂养；reach 到达；stop 停止。根据上文“Yet， Patsy's born ... braved the dangerous waters”可知，Patsy勇敢地穿过危险的水流到达了被困的羊身边。故选C。
14.A.responsibility B.amazement
C.confidence D.awkwardness
答案：B
解析：responsibility 责任；amazement 惊讶；confidence 自信；awkwardness 尴尬。根据下文“However， I was quite surprised by her courage and skill.”可知，Derwydd对Patsy的勇气和技巧感到吃惊。故选B。
15.A.risk B.time
C.lead D.place
答案：A
解析：risk 风险；time 时间；lead 领导；place 地点。根据上文“I knew she was a good swimmer， or I wouldn't take the”可知，Derwydd对Patsy的能力充满信心，否则不会让它去冒险。take the risk意为“冒险”。故选A。
Ⅲ 语法填空
The red panda， also called red cat bear， has soft and thick fur with __1__ red brown stripe (条纹) from each eye to the corners of the mouth. Its body __2__ (long) is about 50－65 cm and its front legs are slightly __3__ (short) than the back legs， which gives it a bit of a waddle (摇晃) when it walks.
The red panda lives in an area __4__ rocks and trees can be found. It seems to do most of its feeding on the ground. It is gentle and can easily __5__ (keep) in the zoo.
About two __6__ (three) of the red panda's diet is made up of bamboo. Red pandas do a lot of eating so providing plenty of food is important. There must be plenty of trees for them __7__ (climb) and sleep in too.
The red panda can live together __8__ (peace) with other pandas. Most of their activity happens at night， during sunrise or sunset.
Now red pandas are __9__ danger. Their main threat (威胁) is the disappearance of the forests and habitat loss. These animals are also illegally hunted， and the number of them __10__ (drop) by 50% in the past forty years.
1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9.________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了小熊猫的外貌特征、生活环境和饮食习惯，并指出它们目前所面临的危险。
1.答案：a
解析：考查冠词。此处泛指“一条红褐色的条纹”，应用不定冠词修饰，且red brown的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
2.答案：length
解析：考查词性转换。设空处作主语，应用名词；length意为“长度”，为不可数名词。故填length。
3.答案：shorter
解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据连词than可知，此处应用形容词的比较级。故填shorter。
4.答案：where
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词area，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
5.答案：be kept
解析：考查动词的语态和情态动词。主语It(指小熊猫）与keep之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且情态动词后应用动词原形。故填be kept。
6.答案：thirds
解析：考查数词。分数的表达为分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子超过一，分母用复数形式，句中表示“三分之二”，应用two thirds。故填thirds。
7.答案：to climb
解析：考查非谓语动词。句中must be为谓语动词，设空处应用非谓语动词，此处应用不定式的复合结构“for sb to do sth”作后置定语。故填to climb。
8.答案：peacefully
解析：考查词性转换。此处修饰动词live，应用副词；peacefully意为“和平地”。故填peacefully。
9.答案：in
解析：考查介词。in danger表示“处于危险中”，为固定搭配。故填in。
10.答案：has dropped
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处作谓语，根据时间状语in the past forty years可知，应用现在完成时；主语the number of them表示单数意义，助动词应用has。故填has dropped。
精深阅读
Scientists researching climate change in Antarctica are studying penguins in an effort to better understand the area's environmental health. The scientists are measuring the growth and development of the penguin population on the eastern side of the Antarctic Peninsula. “We are counting penguin nests to understand how many penguins are in a colony， producing young every year， and whether that number is going up or down with the environmental conditions，” said Alex Borowicz. He is an ecology researcher at New York's Stony Brook University.
The work is not easy for climate researchers in the icy， faraway reaches of Antarctica. But penguins are easier to follow than some other kinds of animals because they nest on land. Their black bodies and waste droppings can also be identified against the area's white background.
Michael Wethington， another researcher from Stony Brook， told Reuters the penguin population can represent overall climate conditions and the health of the area's whole ecosystem. The researchers say counts of individual penguins can be combined with data from satellite images to get a more complete picture of how the animals are progressing.
Gentoo penguins—with bright orange beaks and white markings on their heads—prefer open water without broken pieces of ice floating around. So when temperatures on the Antarctic Peninsula began rising during the latter half of the 20th century， Gentoo populations moved south. Gentoo penguins don't like sea ice. They mostly forage (觅食) over the continental shelf and don't go far out to sea. As sea ice has decreased along the western side of the peninsula， Gentoos seem to have got used to the changed conditions. But those same conditions have been worse for the Adelie penguin species. This is because the Adelies depend on sea ice for feeding and reproduction.
“When we find Adelie penguins， we typically know that sea ice is nearby，” Stony Brook's Wethington said. He added that whenever researchers see sea ice decreasing or disappearing， they also see Adelie penguin populations plunge. Even though Adelie penguins are increasing in number overall， some populations have fallen by more than 65 percent， researchers say.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究南极地区气候变化的科学家通过研究企鹅来更好地了解该地区的环境状况。
1.Why do scientists studying climate change in Antarctica study penguins？
A.To offer them better protection.
B.To find out about the penguin population.
C.To have a clearer idea of their living habits.
D.To learn more about the conditions of Antarctica.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Scientists researching climate change ... environmental health.(研究南极气候变化的科学家们正在研究企鹅，以便更好地了解该地区的环境健康状况。）”可知，研究南极气候变化的科学家们研究企鹅的目的是更多地了解该地区的环境状况。故选D。
2.What makes penguins easier to follow than other kinds of animals？
A.Their various kinds of species.
B.Their unique eating habits.
C.Their nesting habit and body color.
D.Their unusual hunting ways.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But penguins ... white background.(但企鹅比其他种类的动物更容易追踪，因为它们在陆地上筑巢，它们的黑色身体和排泄物也可以在该地区的白色背景下辨认出来。）”可知，企鹅的巢居习惯和体色使企鹅比其他动物更加易于追踪。故选C。
3.What can be inferred about Gentoo penguins from Paragraph 4？
A.They are quite adaptive.
B.They are in great danger.
C.They tend to hunt far out to sea.
D.They have a preference for sea ice.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“So when temperatures ... moved south.”和“As sea ice has decreased ... changed conditions.”可知，当温度上升，海冰减少时，巴布亚企鹅向南迁徙，它们似乎已经习惯了这种改变了的环境条件。由此可推知，这种企鹅的适应性强。故选A。
4.What can we learn from the last paragraph？
A.Adelie penguins have been affected by climate change.
B.Adelie penguins have got used to the changing environment.
C.Adelie penguin population has fallen by more than 65 percent.
D.Adelie penguin population represents the area's whole ecosystem.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“He added that ... populations plunge. (他补充说，每当研究人员看到海冰减少或消失时，他们也会看到阿德利企鹅的数量急剧下降。）”可知，阿德利企鹅受到气候改变的影响。故选A。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一）热词
1.climate n. 气候
2.count v. 数；计算总数
3.identify v. 认出，识别
4.represent v. 代表
5.individual adj. 个别的，个人的，单独的
(二）高频短语
6.in an effort to do sth 努力做某事
7.go__up/down 上升/下降
8.be__combined__with 与……相结合
9.get used to 习惯于
10.depend__on 依靠，依赖
(三）根据语境填入恰当的内容
11.These measures are strongly supported by environmental (environment) groups.
12.It typically (typical) takes a day or two， depending on size.
13.The black car drove away from them and disappeared (appear).
(四）写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
14.The new products are placed on the front shelf.货架
15.They finally reached an agreement after hours of negotiation.达成
16.Teachers adopted various measures to help students with learning difficulties.措施
(五）用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
faraway， overall， decrease
17.They have just returned from distant places with wonderful stories to tell.faraway
18.The number of new students fell from 210 to 160 this year.decreased
19.I wasted an entire day on it.overall
(六）长难句分析
20.The researchers say counts of individual penguins can be combined with data from satellite images to get a more complete picture of how the animals are progressing.
句意：研究人员说，对企鹅个体的计数可以与卫星图像的数据相结合，以便更全面地了解该动物的发展情况。
分析：主干是The__researchers__say__...；动词say后是宾语从句；how引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语。
(七）根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
21.The company has laid off 150 workers in__an__effort__to__save (努力节省) money.
22.You'll soon get__used__to (习惯) the climate here.
(八）仿写句子
23.As sea ice has decreased along the western side of the peninsula， Gentoos seem to have got used to the changed conditions.(as引导时间状语从句)
仿写：他一直坐着看她准备妥当。
He__sat__watching__her__as__she__got__ready.
精深阅读
Perhaps you know northern Americans still maintain the habit of celebrating Groundhog (土拨鼠) Day when a large groundhog checks to see its shadow on February 2 and helps to predict when winter will end. But have you ever heard about how a mountain town in North Carolina uses a caterpillar known as the Woolly Worm to make similar predictions？
According to the folklore (民间传说)， the amount of black on the woolly worm in autumn predicts the severity of the upcoming winter. The longer the woolly worm's black bands (带) are， the longer， colder， snowier， and more severe the winter will be. Similarly， a wider middle brown band is a sign of a milder upcoming winter. The position of the longest dark bands supposedly indicates which part of winter will be coldest or hardest. If the head end of the caterpillar is dark， the beginning of winter will be severe. If the tail end is dark， the end of winter will be cold. In addition， the caterpillar has 13 segments (昆虫的节/段) to its body， which traditional forecasters say correspond to the 13 weeks of winter.
Scientific studies on worm forecasting are rare. American Museum of Natural History entomologist Howard Curran conducted a small trial in 1948. Having heard about the caterpillar folklore， Curran headed to Bear Mountain State Park to collect caterpillars each fall for eight years. He found that if the worms had brown markings on more than a third of their body， winters tended to be milder.
Most scientists view the folklore of caterpillar predictions as just that， folklore. “It's a wonderful story， but I do think it was a playful trial，” says Joe Boggs， an entomologist at Ohio State University Extension who has studied woolly worms. “Curran was a real scientist. He had tons of papers published， but he never published this one—probably because he knew it wouldn't stand up to peer review.”
Mike Peters， an entomologist at the University of Massachusetts， doesn't disagree， but he says there could be a link between the band of a caterpillar and the severity of winter. Peters suggests that the timing of their growth and environmental conditions， such as temperature， moisture levels， and food sources， can impact the appearance of woolly worms， including their size， coloration， and band patterns. By analyzing these characteristics， researchers can potentially infer information about the weather conditions. “The band does say something about a heavy winter，” he says. “The only thing is that it's telling you about the previous year.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三位科学家对用毛毛虫预测冬天的严寒程度这一民间传说所进行的研究和对其的看法。
1.How do people predict the weather through caterpillars？
A.By analyzing their living habits.
B.By measuring the change of their size.
C.By calculating the number of their segments.
D.By studying color bands on their bodies.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The longer ... upcoming winter.(毛毛虫的黑色带越长，冬天就越长、越冷、下雪越多、越严寒。同样，中间褐色带越宽，则预示着即将到来的冬天越温和。）”可知，人们通过研究毛毛虫身体上的色带来预测天气。故选D。
2.What is Howard Curran's finding based on？
A.His personal observations.
B.An investigation on the locals.
C.Studies by previous scientists.
D.Statistics collected by the museum.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Having heard ... to be milder.(听说了毛毛虫的民间传说后，Curran (柯伦）每年秋天都前往熊山州立公园收集毛毛虫，持续了八年。他发现，如果这些毛毛虫的身上有超过三分之一的褐色斑纹，冬天就会比较温和。）”可知，Curran的发现是基于他自己的观察。故选A。
3.What is Joe Boggs's attitude towards the folklore？
A.Positive. B.Indifferent.
C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Curran was a real scientist ... peer review.(柯伦是一位真正的科学家。他发表了大量的论文，但他从未发表过这篇——可能是因为他知道这篇论文经不起同行评议。）”可推知，Joe Boggs (乔·博格斯）对于这个民间传说持怀疑态度。故选C。
4.Which statement might Mike Peters agree with？
A.The caterpillar forecasting needs long term data to support it.
B.The color band of caterpillars can be a mirror of past weather.
C.The cold environment has a great impact on caterpillars' growth.
D.The caterpillar can help predict the severity of winter accurately.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“‘The band does ... the previous year.’(‘色带确实表达了一些关于严冬的东西，’他说。‘唯一的问题是，它告诉你的是前一年的情况。’）”可知，Mike Peters (迈克·彼得斯）认为毛毛虫身上的色带可以反映过去的天气。故选B。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一）热词
1.maintain v. 保持，维持
2.prediction n. 预测
3.severe adj. 恶劣的；严肃的，严重的
4.correspond v. 相当于，类似于；通信
5.forecast v. 预测；预报
(二）高频短语
6.according__to 根据
7.in addition 另外
8.correspond__to 与……一致
9.tend__to__do__sth 倾向于做某事
10.stand up to 经得住；抵抗
(三）根据语境填入恰当的内容
11.Clearly drunk driving is a potentially (potential) dangerous situation.
12.It's traditional (tradition) in America to eat turkey on Thanksgiving Day.
13.Husband and wife were similarly (similar) successful in their chosen careers.
(四）写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
14.Dark clouds are a sign of rain.迹象
15.She tends her garden carefully， and the flowers grow beautifully.照顾
16.The city workers maintain the roads to avoid traffic accidents.养护
(五）用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
celebrate， predict， view
17.The report forecasts that prices will rise by 3% next month.predicts
18.How do people observe New Year in your country？ celebrate
19.She is widely regarded as the current leader's natural successor.viewed
(六）长难句分析
20.Mike Peters， an entomologist at the University of Massachusetts， doesn't disagree， but he says there could be a link between the band of a caterpillar and the severity of winter.
句意：马萨诸塞大学的昆虫学家迈克·彼得斯并不反对(这种说法)，但他表示，毛毛虫的色带与冬季的严寒程度之间可能存在联系。
分析：主干是Mike__Peters__doesn't__disagree__but__he__says__...__；an entomologist at the University of Massachusetts作同位语；there could ... severity of winter为省略了that的宾语从句。
(七）根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
21.Since these goods don't correspond__to (与……一致) our order， we won't accept them.
22.Opportunities and success tend__to (倾向于) be in favor of those who are ready.
(八）仿写句子
23.It's a wonderful story， but I do think it was a playful trial.(助动词do/does/did强调谓语动词)
仿写：我们确实在两小时内完成了往返行程。
We__did__do__the__round__trip__in__two__hours.
27(共107张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
Unit 5 Into the wild
单元主题：人与自然——人与动物
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
预学检测 单词打卡
自主学习 课文语篇
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 硬核考点
3
课后课时作业
５
课堂作业 巩固内化
４
预学检测 单词打卡
一、阅读单词
1．__________ n. 君主，国王
2．________ adj. 大西洋的
3．________ n. 鲸
4．____________ n. 毛虫(蝴蝶等昆虫的幼虫)
5．________ n. 生物，动物
monarch
Atlantic
whale
caterpillar
creature
二、核心单词
1．________ n. 慈善机构，慈善团体
2．________ adj. 一年一度的，每年的
3．________ v. 寻找，寻求
4．___________ n. 教授
5．________ v. 量，测量
6．________ n. 位置
charity
annual
seek
professor
measure
position
7．________ n. 解决，解决方法
8．________ n. 难以理解的事物，谜
9．________ n. 百分比
10．________ v. 破坏，毁掉
11．________ n. 化学品
12．________ v. 活下来，幸存
13．________ n. 影响，结果
solution
mystery
per cent
destroy
chemical
survive
effect
三、拓展单词(可查字典)
1．__________ n. 迁徙→________ v. 移栖，迁徙
2．_____________ v. 测定，确定→_____________ adj. 坚定的；下定决心的→______________ n. 决心；决定
3．___________ adv. 终于，最终→__________ adj. 最终的，结局的
4．________ adj. 惊人的，了不起的→________ adj. 惊讶的→________ vt. 使惊讶→____________ n. 惊讶
migration
migrate
determine
determined
determination
eventually
eventual
amazing
amazed
amaze
amazement
四、熟词生义
crash 熟义：v. ________________
n. ________________
生义：v. 猛撞；发出巨响；(计算机)瘫痪，死机；(在体育比赛中)惨败；过夜，很快入睡；暴跌 n. 巨响，碰撞声；破产，暴跌
撞车，坠毁
撞车事故，失事
自主学习 课文语篇
1 介词短语作___________，修饰One of the most wonderful migrations
The Monarch's Journey
黑脉金斑蝶的旅程
Many animals move from one place to another at certain times of the year. This annual movement is called migration. They migrate to find food， seek a partner， or in search of warmer weather. One of the most wonderful migrations in nature1 is that of the North American monarch butterfly.
许多动物都会在每年的特定时间从一处迁移到另一处。这种一年一度的行为叫作“迁徙”。动物为了觅食、寻找配偶或温暖的环境而迁徙。自然界最为壮观的迁徙之一就是北美洲黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙。
后置定语
课文三维剖析
2 ______状语
3 介词短语作__________，修饰名词insects
4 动词不定式短语作______
5 介词短语作________
6 引导_______从句
Every autumn2 ， millions of these beautiful insects with fine black and orange wings3 begin a long and difficult journey. Somehow they manage to travel around 4，000 kilometres south4 and find their way to California or Mexico5 . However， until recently no one knew how6 they did this.
每年秋天，数百万只这种翅膀橙黑相间的美丽昆虫都会开启漫长且艰辛的旅程。它们总是能够完成约 4，000公里的南行旅程，成功到达(美国）加利福尼亚州或墨西哥。然而，直到最近人们才明白它们是如何做到的。
时间
后置定语
宾语
后置定语
宾语
7 过去分词短语作__________，修饰名词scientists
8 引导______从句
9 动词不定式短语作____________
10 引导______从句，修饰先行词point
11动词不定式作_________，修饰名词way
12引导______从句，修饰先行词places
A team of scientists led by Professor Eli Shlizerman at the University of Washington7 has now found the answer. They have found out that8 the monarch is able to tell the time of day. It uses its eyes to measure the position of the sun9 . These two pieces of information—the time of day and the point where10 the sun is in the sky—allow the butterfly to determine the way to go11 . Eventually， it manages to reach the places where12 it will spend the winter.
一支由伊莱·史莱泽曼教授领导的来自华盛顿大学的科学家团队现已找到了答案。他们发现，黑脉金斑蝶可以判断时间，并能用眼睛测量太阳的位置。这两条信息——一天中的时刻和太阳在天空中的位置——让黑脉金斑蝶能够判定前进方向，最终成功抵达过冬的地点。
后置定语
宾语
目的状语
定语
后置定语
定语
13引导______从句，修饰先行词time
14引导______从句，修饰先行词reason
15引导______从句，修饰先行词places
16引导______从句，修饰先行词chemicals
17引导______从句，修饰先行词plants
The solution to the mystery of the monarch's amazing ability comes at a time when13 it is in serious trouble. Its population has crashed by as much as 90 per cent in the last few years. Sadly， human activity is the main reason why14 the number of monarch butterflies is falling. In many of the places where15 the butterfly can be found， people are destroying the natural environment. They cut down trees and use chemicals that16 kill the plants that17 monarch caterpillars eat.
黑脉金斑蝶这一惊人能力的奥秘被揭开时，这一生物正处于水深火热的生存状态中。其数量在近年内减少了百分之九十之多。不幸的是，人类活动是造成其数量下降的主要原因。在黑脉金斑蝶生存的许多地方，人们正破坏着那里的自然环境。他们砍伐树木，他们所用的化学制剂杀死了黑脉金斑蝶幼虫食用的植物。
定语
定语
定语
定语
定语
18介词短语作______ ____，修饰名词research
19引导_______从句
20引导__________从句
21引导______从句，修饰先行词time
22表示“__________ _____________”，前者表示_______，后者是主句，主句谓语动词通常用___________时
The research on the monarch's behaviour18 has however led to a greater awareness of this creature. People have been working together to record its migration and make sure that19 there are enough plants for it to feed on. If20 this works， there may come a time when21 the number of monarch butterflies increases once again. The more we know about this lovely creature， the greater22 the chance it will survive and keep its place in the natural world for a long time to come.
不过，对黑脉金斑蝶行为的研究也使得人们对这种生物有了更多的了解。人们已经在共同努力，记录它的迁徙，并确保它有足够的食物。如果这些努力产生效果，黑脉金斑蝶的数量在未来有可能再次回升。我们对这种迷人的生物了解越多，它们在自然界中得以长久生存并保持其位置的可能性就越大。
后置
定语
宾语
条件状语
定语
……越多，
……就越大
条件
一般将来
一、课文分段主旨大意
阅读领悟
reason
Migration
mystery
Trouble
protect
二、问题链
1．What's the main idea of the passage
__________________________________________________________________
2．Where are you most likely to find the passage
__________________________________________________________________
The monarch butterflies' migration.
In a popular nature magazine.
合作探究 硬核考点
1.seek v. 寻找，寻求；试图，设法(教材P66）
seek to do sth 设法做某事
seek out 找出；找到
seek after 追求；追逐
seek (for) sth 寻找某物
探究一 高频词
【语境感知】
①I am always seeking to improve my teaching method.
我一直在设法改进我的教学方法。
②He sought out his friend in the crowd.
他在人群中找到了他的朋友。
③He is a man who likes seeking after wealth and power.
他是一个喜欢追求财富和权力的人。
④Drivers are advised to seek (for) alternative routes.
建议司机另寻其他路线。
【靶向小练】
①Now a number of college graduates are seeking ________ (get) a high paid job.
②Seeking ________ too much fame made him unpopular.
③Try to seek ________ opportunities to renew friendships.
④很多人年复一年地寻求心灵的平静，却很难如愿以偿。
Many people spend years ________________________ often with little success.
to get
after
out
seeking for peace of mind
2.measure v. 量，测量 n. 尺寸；措施(教材P67）
→measurement n. (通常以数字形式呈现的)测量结果
(1)measure ... by ... 用……来测量……
(2)make ... to one's measure 按某人的尺寸做……
take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事
【语境感知】
①Either measure the temperature with a bath thermometer or test the water with your wrist.
要么用浴用温度计测量水温，要么用手腕试一下。
②The house is more than twenty metres long and measures six metres in width.
这座房子长20多米，宽6米。
③My mother made me a pair of trousers to my measure.
我妈妈按照我的尺寸给我做了一条裤子。
④We must take measures to control the situation.
我们必须采取措施控制局势。
measure作“尺寸”讲时，常用作不可数名词；而作“措施”讲时，通常用复数；作动词表示“有……长/宽/高”时，为连系动词，不用于被动语态和进行时，如果此意义的短语作后置定语或状语，应用现在分词。
【靶向小练】
①Education shouldn't be measured only ________ examination results.
②In the old days, my mother always made new clothes ________ my measure with the Spring Festival coming.
③The government has taken measures ________ (bring) down the high prices of houses.
④正在建造的新桥是旧桥的两倍长，将于下个月完工。(事物描写)
The new bridge under construction, ________________________________， will be completed next month.
by
to
to bring
measuring twice as long as the old one
3.position n. 位置；处境；地位；职务 v. 安装；使处于(教材P67）
(put ...) in a(n) ... position (使……)处于……位置/处境
in/out of position 在/不在恰当的位置
hold the position of ... 担任……的职务
take up (one's) position 就位
【语境感知】
①Where would the best position for the lights be？
这些灯装在什么位置最好？
②Money， fame and social position are of no interest to him.
他对金钱、名誉和社会地位都不感兴趣。
③He's going to be in a very difficult position indeed if things go badly for him.
如果事情进展不顺利的话，他的处境将非常艰难。
④One of the cups is out of position； put it back in position.
有只杯子位置不对，把它放回到适当的位置。
⑤He held a senior position in a large company.
他在一家大公司担任高级职位。
当position作先行词后接定语从句且关系词在从句中作状语时，用关系副词where引导定语从句。
【靶向小练】
①This problem put him ________ a difficult position.
②Sales director is a position ________ communication ability is just as important as sales.
③他到门边就位。
____________________________________________________________________
in
where
He took up his position by the door.
4.survive v. 活下来，幸存；幸免于难，艰难度过；比……活的时间长(教材P68）
→survival n. 幸存；生存
→survivor n. 幸存者
survive sth 幸免于(疾病、灾难、事故、危机等)，从……中艰难度过
survive sb (by＋时间)比某人多活……
survive on sth 依靠某物生活
【语境感知】
①Of the six people injured in the crash， only two survived.
在这次撞车事故受伤的六人中，只有两人活了下来。
②The company managed to survive the crisis.
公司设法渡过了危机。
③Scientific research shows that women tend to survive their husbands.
科学研究表明女性往往比她们的丈夫寿命长。
④Life became a struggle for survival.
生活变成了一场争取生存的斗争。
⑤I don't know how you all manage to survive on Jeremy's salary.
我真不知道你们只靠杰里米的薪水是怎样过活的。
【靶向小练】
①Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the ________ (survive) of our natural resources.
②This soldier was the only ________ (survive) of the battle.
③Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe，surviving entirely ________ discarded (丢弃的) food.
④西安城墙是中国历史上保存下来的最完整的城墙。(地点介绍)
The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that ____________________________.
survival
survivor
on
has survived China's long history
5.effect n. 影响，结果(教材P69）
→effective adj. 有效的
→effectively adv. 有效地
have an effect on/upon ... 对……有影响
bring/put ... into effect 使……生效；实行……，实施……
in effect 有效；在实施中；实际上，事实上
come into effect 生效，开始实施
【语境感知】
①One of the most effective ways to reduce stress is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.
减少压力最有效的方法之一就是与你信任的人谈谈感受。
②I am sure that it will have an effect on our natural environment.
我肯定这将会对我们的自然环境有影响。
③The suggestions were adopted and would be brought/put into effect.
这些建议得到了采纳，并将被付诸实施。
④In effect， that should kill two birds with one stone.
事实上，那样会有一石二鸟的效果。
⑤New controls come into effect next month.
下个月开始实施新的管制措施。
【靶向小练】
①Playing table tennis makes me more energetic and ________ (effect) in my study.
②There is no doubt that human activity has an effect ________ the planet.
③The new rules should be put ________ effect as soon as possible.
④新法律将于四月生效。
____________________________________________________________________
effective
on/upon
into
The new law will come into effect in April.
6.determine v. 测定，确定→_______________ adj. 坚定的；下定决心的→ _______________ n. 决心；决定
【语境感知】
She is a determined girl， so we know that once she has determined to do something， she will make her dream come true with great determination.
她是一个有决心的女孩，所以我们知道，一旦她决定做某事，她会以极大的决心使她的梦想成真。
探究二 拓展词
determined
determination
7.amazing adj. 惊人的，了不起的→_________ adj. 惊讶的→ _________ vt. 使惊讶→ ___________ n. 惊讶
【语境感知】
To my amazement， the amazing news amazed the family but their neighbours were not amazed at all.
令我惊讶的是，这个惊人的消息让这家人感到惊讶，但他们的邻居一点也不惊讶。
amazed
amaze
amazement
【靶向小练】
①She gave me a ___________ (determine) look which said she wouldn't change her mind.
②I find it __________ (amaze) that you don't know about the competition.
③他决心要在学习上超过别人，所以他夜以继日地学习。(人物描写)
__________________________________________， so he works day and night.
④我们惊奇地发现没有人受伤。(情感描写)
________________________ that no one was hurt.
determined
amazing
He is determined to get ahead of others in studies
We were amazed to find
8.crash [熟义]v. 撞车，坠毁
n. 撞车事故，失事
[生义]v. __________________________________________________________ ________________________
n. ____________________________________
探究三 熟词生义
猛撞；发出巨响；(计算机)瘫痪，死机；(在体育比赛中)惨败；
过夜，很快入睡；暴跌
【语境感知】
①He crashed his car into a wall.
他的汽车撞到了墙上。
巨响，碰撞声；破产，暴跌
②Files can be lost if the system suddenly crashes.
要是计算机系统突然崩溃，文件就可能丢失。
③I was so tired that I crashed out on the sofa.
我累极了，在沙发上就睡着了。
④Share prices crashed to an all time low yesterday.
昨天股票价格暴跌到了前所未有的最低纪录。
⑤His elder son was killed in a car crash a few years ago.
他的大儿子几年前死于一次车祸。
⑥He predicted correctly that there was going to be a stock market crash.
他正确地预测到将出现股市狂跌。
【靶向小练】
①Stewart was injured in a collision with another player.
汉语：_______ 同义词：________
②在交易数额不佳的消息公布后，股票价格暴跌。
____________________________________________________________________
③计算机10天内第2次死机了。
____________________________________________________________________
碰撞
crash
Share prices crashed after news of poor trading figures.
The computer crashed for the second time in 10 days.
9.The more we know about this lovely creature， the greater the chance it will survive and keep its place in the natural world for a long time to come.(教材P68）
我们对这种迷人的生物了解越多，它们在自然界中得以长久生存并保持其位置的可能性就越大。
探究四 长难句分析
【分析】 “the＋比较级 ...， the＋比较级 ... ”意为“越……，就越……”，表示后者随着前者的变化而变化，the用在形容词或副词的比较级前。
(1)前一个“the＋比较级 ...”通常相当于比较状语从句或条件状语从句，后一个“the＋比较级 ...”通常相当于主句。
(2)在通常情况下，如果主、从句中的谓语动词是系动词be，且主语不是代词，系动词be常省略。
(3)“比较级＋and＋比较级”表示“越来越……”；如果是多音节形容词，则用“more and more＋多音节形容词原级”。
【语境感知】
①The more careful you are， the fewer mistakes you'll make.
你越仔细，犯的错误就越少。
②The taller the tree (is)， the stronger the wind (is).
树大招风。
③With summer coming， the day is becoming longer and longer.
随着夏天的到来，白天变得越来越长。
【靶向小练】
①They found that the more the population grew, the ________ (fast) human genes evolved.
②________ more people are involved, the better the ocean environment is.
③他越忙就越感到高兴。(情绪描写)
____________________________________________________________________
④日子一天天过去，她的身体越来越好了。(人物描写)
____________________________________________________________________
faster
The
The busier he is, the happier he feels.
As the days went by, her body got better and better.
课堂作业 巩固内化
Ⅰ.写出单词
1．We were lucky enough to spot a ________ (鲸) swimming gracefully in the ocean during our boat trip.
2．We saw a fascinating ___________ (生物) with colorful feathers flitting among the trees.
3．Factories are dumping __________ (化学品) into rivers, which makes the water very dirty and puts fish and other water animals in danger.
4．We could hear waves _________ (撞击) against the shore.
5．About 70 __________ (百分比) of the Earth's surface is covered by water.
whale
creature
chemicals
crashing
per cent
6．It's a complete m________ to me why they chose him.
7．Last week, the painting was sold for 2 million yuan, which will go to c________．
8．The school's a________ sports day is always a big event for the students.
9．The p________ gave a very interesting lecture on history yesterday.
10．Pollution can d________ the balance of nature if not controlled.
ystery
harity
nnual
rofessor
estroy
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The dancers took ________ their positions on the dance floor, as the music began to play.
2．We must take preventive measures ___________ (reduce) crime in the area.
3．Many young people seek ________ fame and fortune, but often forget what truly matters.
4．Despite the heavy rain, she managed ________ (get) to school on time.
5．His dream is ________ he can travel around the world one day.
up
to reduce
after
to get
that
6．Where once she had been totally self－sufficient, she now had to survive ________ income support.
7．Does television have an effect ___________ children's behaviour
8．By the end of next month, we will have found a good __________ (solve) to the technical problem.
9．The exhibition is designed to heighten people's ___________ (aware) of art history.
10．We were able ________ (see) the beautiful sunset from the top of the mountain.
on
on/upon
solution
awareness
to see
Ⅲ.语段填词
1．The view from the mountaintop is _________. It will surely ________ anyone who sees it. To our great ___________， even the calmest among us were __________ by this view. (amaze)
2．His _________ aim was to buy a car. ___________， after two years of saving, he had enough money to purchase his favorite vehicle. (eventual)
amazing
amaze
amazement
amazed
eventual
Eventually
3．We adopted an ________ plan to clean the park. It worked so ___________ that the park looked brand－new within a day. (effect)
4．Every autumn, the ________ of birds begins. They ________ south to warmer regions to escape the cold winter. (migrate)
5．I ___________ to lose weight this year. I made a plan and was ____________ to stick to it. With great _______________， I started my weight－loss journey right away. (determine)
effective
effectively
migration
migrate
determined
determined
determination
Ⅳ.翻译
1．Eating too much sugar can ______________________ (导致健康问题)．
2．That people ________________________ (砍伐太多的树) destroyed the balance of nature.
3．Thousands were forced to migrate from countryside to city areas ________________ (找工作)．
4．他担心得越少，就干得越好。(the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...)
__________________________________________________________________
5．有一段时间，在我的生活中有一些困难。(when引导的定语从句)
__________________________________________________________________
lead to health problems
cut down too many trees
in search of work
The less he worried, the better he worked.
There was a time when I had some difficulties in my life.
课后课时作业
较易题(占比70%) 中档题(占比30%) 拔高题(占比0%)
Ⅰ 阅读
Gorillas (大猩猩) in films such as King Kong and Tarzan are wildly beating their chests when under threat. Researchers have tried to find out what the behavior might mean， and they doubt that the gorillas exhibit this behavior not to start fights， but to prevent themselves—and chest beating could be used to advertise their body size to other gorillas.
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★ ★★ ★
Scientists observed 25 wild male mountain gorillas for over 3，000 hours. The research team used audio (音频) equipment to record the sound frequency， rate， duration， and amount of chest beats. To determine each gorilla's size， the researchers used cameras to photograph and measure each gorilla's back.
Although the rate， duration， and amount of beats did not correlate with the size of the gorillas， sound frequency did， the researchers report. The team also noticed that larger gorillas produced deeper tone chest drumming. Previous research has shown that a gorilla's larger body size is linked to reproductive success and social rank. The chest beating could be a way for the gorillas to advertise their size to others and， in turn， avoid fights that could result in serious injury or death.
Though gorillas can obviously observe size just by getting a good look at others， the researchers suggest chest－beating is copper bottomed when trying to communicate through a thick forest. The sounds gorillas created by beating their chests are powerful enough to travel long distance through thick forests and signal others their size and fighting ability.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员对大猩猩拍打胸部的行为进行了观察和研究，认为大猩猩表现出这种行为不是为了打架，而是为了展示自己的体型，从而避免打斗。
Animal expert Anna Nekaris says it would be interesting to see if smaller gorillas can imitate the deep tones of larger ones in future studies. Nekaris says， “For now， the researchers will continue to study chest beating to see if the action can pass on other information， such as dominance rank， sex， and individual identity， to nearby gorillas.”
1.What is the second paragraph mainly about according to the research？
A.Its findings. B.Its purpose.
C.Its samples. D.Its method.
解析：段落大意题。根据第二段(科学家对25只野生雄性山地大猩猩进行了3，000多个小时的观察。研究小组使用音频设备记录了拍胸的声音频率、速度、持续时间和次数。为了确定每只大猩猩的体型，研究人员用相机拍摄并测量了每只大猩猩的背部。）可知，本段主要介绍了科学家们开展该研究的具体方法。故选D。
2.Why do some gorillas beat their chests？
A.To declare war on other gorillas.
B.To frighten other gorillas away.
C.To welcome their companions.
D.To celebrate their victory in a fight.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The chest beating ... serious injury or death.”可知，一些大猩猩拍打胸部是为了展示自己的体型，把其他大猩猩吓跑，从而避免可能导致严重受伤或死亡的打斗。故选B。
3.What does Nekaris suggest researchers study in the future？
A.If smaller gorillas can make deep toned chest drumming.
B.If gorillas' chest beating contains other information.
C.If larger gorillas are better at using their body influence.
D.If gorillas have other communication skills.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Animal expert Anna Nekaris ... in future studies.”可知，Nekaris (奈卡里斯）建议研究人员在未来研究体型较小的大猩猩是否能模仿体型较大的大猩猩发出低沉的拍打胸部的声音。故选A。
4.Which section may the passage come from in a newspaper？
A.Health. B.Entertainment.
C.Science. D.Sports.
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章围绕一项针对大猩猩拍打胸部的行为的研究展开，介绍了通过长时间的观察和研究，研究人员认为大猩猩表现出这种行为不是为了打架，而是为了展示自己的体型，从而避免打斗。由此可推知，文章主要涉及动物科学领域，可能出自报纸的科学版块。故选C。
Ⅱ 完形填空
A hero sheep dog became the guiding light of hope for three trapped sheep as it swam across dangerous flooded fields to __1__ them to safety.
Llyr Derwydd， a 44 year old farmer coming from the area of Ruthin， __2__ himself in a dangerous situation on a Friday afternoon. While __3__his sheep in Flintshire as usual， he realized a sad fact—three sheep were helplessly trapped on a small piece of land within the field， cut off by the __4__.
Considering the dangerous conditions that the flood caused， the __5__ required a special hero. In this serious moment，__6__ that hero was none other than the quick thinking sheep dog， Patsy.
Mr Derwydd talked about the sad experience， stating， “We realized we needed to act __7__ to ensure the safety of the trapped sheep. The piece of land they were on was __8__ very fast， and the great danger was increasing.”
In order to rescue the sheep， he made a __9__. With a sense of urgency (紧急) in the air， he wondered whether Patsy， his clever sheep dog， would deal with the problem. A silent __10__ was made， and Patsy， with strong determination， took a brave try.
It was a moment filled with __11__， as the true depth of the water remained unknown. Yet， Patsy's born swimming __12__ and strong determination pushed her forward. Without hesitation (犹豫)， she braved the dangerous waters to __13__ the trapped sheep.
Mr Derwydd shared his __14__， saying， “I knew she was a good swimmer， or I wouldn't take the __15__. However， I was quite surprised by her courage and skill.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了牧羊犬 Patsy (帕齐）勇敢地游过洪水淹没的田野，成功带领三只被困小羊到达安全的地方的故事。
1.A.force B.carry
C.guide D.attract
解析：force 迫使；carry 携带；guide 带领；attract 吸引。根据上文“A hero sheep dog ... dangerous flooded fields”可知，三只羊被洪水所困，所以牧羊犬带领它们走出困境到达安全的地方。故选C。
2.A.hid B.found
C.imagined D.reminded
解析：hide 隐藏；find 发现；imagine 想象；remind 提醒。根据下文“himself in a dangerous situation”可知，Derwydd (德怀德）发现自己陷入困境，find oneself in ... “(突然）发现自己陷入……”。故选B。
3.A.checking B.describing
C.comparing D.selling
解析：check 检查；describe 描述；compare 比较；sell 出售。根据下文“he realized a sad fact ... within the field”可知，Derwydd检查清点自己的羊后才发现羊出了状况。故选A。
4.A.snow B.water
C.fire D.smoke
解析：snow 雪；water 水；fire 火；smoke 烟。根据下文“Considering the dangerous conditions that the flood caused”可知，洪水造成了这种险境，所以此处指田野里的小块土地被水分隔开。故选B。
5.A.lecture B.recovery
C.rescue D.experiment
解析：lecture 演讲；recovery 康复；rescue 援救；experiment 实验。根据下文“a special hero”可知，有三只羊遭遇险境，需要一位特殊的英雄来援救它们。故选C。
6.A.equally B.suddenly
C.luckily D.obviously
解析：equally 平等地；suddenly 突然地；luckily 幸运地；obviously 显然地。根据下文“none other than the quick thinking sheep dog， Patsy”可知，思维敏捷的牧羊犬Patsy是显而易见的最佳救援人选。故选D。
7.A.in return B.in time
C.in person D.in secret
解析：in return 作为回报；in time 及时；in person 亲自；in secret 秘密地。根据下文“The piece of land ... the great danger was increasing.”可知，危险在增加，所以必须及时采取行动。故选B。
8.A.reducing B.improving
C.rising D.sliding
解析：reduce 减少；improve 改善；rise 上升；slide 滑动。根据下文“the great danger was increasing”可知，那小块土地面积在缩小，所以危险在增加。故选A。
9.A.call B.promise
C.decision D.comment
解析：call 呼叫；promise 承诺；decision 决定；comment 评论。根据上文“the great danger was increasing”和“In order to rescue the sheep”可知，情况紧迫，为了拯救被困的羊，Derwydd做出了营救决定。故选C。
10.A.wish B.order
C.warning D.suggestion
解析：wish 祝愿；order 命令；warning 警告；suggestion 建议。根据下文“and Patsy， with strong determination， took a brave try”可知，Derwydd下了命令，Patsy开始行动。故选B。
11.A.danger B.regret
C.hope D.fun
解析：danger 危险；regret 后悔；hope 希望；fun 乐趣。根据下文“as the true depth of the water remained unknown”可知，不知道水的真正深度，所以当时是一个充满危险的时刻。故选A。
12.A.goals B.curiosity
C.ways D.ability
解析：goal 目标；curiosity 好奇心；way 方法；ability 能力。根据上文“born”可知，Patsy天生就具有游泳能力。故选D。
13.A.catch B.feed
C.reach D.stop
解析：catch 捕捉；feed 喂养；reach 到达；stop 停止。根据上文“Yet， Patsy's born ... braved the dangerous waters”可知，Patsy勇敢地穿过危险的水流到达了被困的羊身边。故选C。
14.A.responsibility B.amazement
C.confidence D.awkwardness
解析：responsibility 责任；amazement 惊讶；confidence 自信；awkwardness 尴尬。根据下文“However， I was quite surprised by her courage and skill.”可知，Derwydd对Patsy的勇气和技巧感到吃惊。故选B。
15.A.risk B.time
C.lead D.place
解析：risk 风险；time 时间；lead 领导；place 地点。根据上文“I knew she was a good swimmer， or I wouldn't take the”可知，Derwydd对Patsy的能力充满信心，否则不会让它去冒险。take the risk意为“冒险”。故选A。
Ⅲ 语法填空
The red panda， also called red cat bear， has soft and thick fur with __1__ red brown stripe (条纹) from each eye to the corners of the mouth. Its body __2__ (long) is about 50－65 cm and its front legs are slightly __3__ (short) than the back legs， which gives it a bit of a waddle (摇晃) when it walks.
The red panda lives in an area __4__ rocks and trees can be found. It seems to do most of its feeding on the ground. It is gentle and can easily __5__ (keep) in the zoo.
About two __6__ (three) of the red panda's diet is made up of bamboo. Red pandas do a lot of eating so providing plenty of food is important. There must be plenty of trees for them __7__ (climb) and sleep in too.
The red panda can live together __8__ (peace) with other pandas. Most of their activity happens at night， during sunrise or sunset.
Now red pandas are __9__ danger. Their main threat (威胁) is the disappearance of the forests and habitat loss. These animals are also illegally hunted， and the number of them __10__ (drop) by 50% in the past forty years.
1．________ 2．________ 3．________ 4．________ 5．________
6．________ 7．________ 8．________ 9．________ 10．________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了小熊猫的外貌特征、生活环境和饮食习惯，并指出它们目前所面临的危险。
1.答案：a
解析：考查冠词。此处泛指“一条红褐色的条纹”，应用不定冠词修饰，且red brown的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
2.答案：length
解析：考查词性转换。设空处作主语，应用名词；length意为“长度”，为不可数名词。故填length。
3.答案：shorter
解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据连词than可知，此处应用形容词的比较级。故填shorter。
4.答案：where
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词area，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
5.答案：be kept
解析：考查动词的语态和情态动词。主语It(指小熊猫）与keep之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且情态动词后应用动词原形。故填be kept。
6.答案：thirds
解析：考查数词。分数的表达为分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子超过一，分母用复数形式，句中表示“三分之二”，应用two thirds。故填thirds。
7.答案：to climb
解析：考查非谓语动词。句中must be为谓语动词，设空处应用非谓语动词，此处应用不定式的复合结构“for sb to do sth”作后置定语。故填to climb。
8.答案：peacefully
解析：考查词性转换。此处修饰动词live，应用副词；peacefully意为“和平地”。故填peacefully。
9.答案：in
解析：考查介词。in danger表示“处于危险中”，为固定搭配。故填in。
10.答案：has dropped
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处作谓语，根据时间状语in the past forty years可知，应用现在完成时；主语the number of them表示单数意义，助动词应用has。故填has dropped。
Scientists researching climate change in Antarctica are studying penguins in an effort to better understand the area's environmental health. The scientists are measuring the growth and development of the penguin population on the eastern side of the Antarctic Peninsula. “We are counting penguin nests to understand how many penguins are in a colony， producing young every year， and whether that number is going up or down with the environmental conditions，” said Alex Borowicz. He is an ecology researcher at New York's Stony Brook University.
精深阅读
The work is not easy for climate researchers in the icy， faraway reaches of Antarctica. But penguins are easier to follow than some other kinds of animals because they nest on land. Their black bodies and waste droppings can also be identified against the area's white background.
Michael Wethington， another researcher from Stony Brook， told Reuters the penguin population can represent overall climate conditions and the health of the area's whole ecosystem. The researchers say counts of individual penguins can be combined with data from satellite images to get a more complete picture of how the animals are progressing.
Gentoo penguins—with bright orange beaks and white markings on their heads—prefer open water without broken pieces of ice floating around. So when temperatures on the Antarctic Peninsula began rising during the latter half of the 20th century， Gentoo populations moved south. Gentoo penguins don't like sea ice. They mostly forage (觅食) over the continental shelf and don't go far out to sea. As sea ice has decreased along the western side of the peninsula， Gentoos seem to have got used to the changed conditions. But those same conditions have been worse for the Adelie penguin species. This is because the Adelies depend on sea ice for feeding and reproduction.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究南极地区气候变化的科学家通过研究企鹅来更好地了解该地区的环境状况。
“When we find Adelie penguins， we typically know that sea ice is nearby，” Stony Brook's Wethington said. He added that whenever researchers see sea ice decreasing or disappearing， they also see Adelie penguin populations plunge. Even though Adelie penguins are increasing in number overall， some populations have fallen by more than 65 percent， researchers say.
1.Why do scientists studying climate change in Antarctica study penguins？
A.To offer them better protection.
B.To find out about the penguin population.
C.To have a clearer idea of their living habits.
D.To learn more about the conditions of Antarctica.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Scientists researching climate change ... environmental health.(研究南极气候变化的科学家们正在研究企鹅，以便更好地了解该地区的环境健康状况。）”可知，研究南极气候变化的科学家们研究企鹅的目的是更多地了解该地区的环境状况。故选D。
2.What makes penguins easier to follow than other kinds of animals？
A.Their various kinds of species.
B.Their unique eating habits.
C.Their nesting habit and body color.
D.Their unusual hunting ways.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But penguins ... white background.(但企鹅比其他种类的动物更容易追踪，因为它们在陆地上筑巢，它们的黑色身体和排泄物也可以在该地区的白色背景下辨认出来。）”可知，企鹅的巢居习惯和体色使企鹅比其他动物更加易于追踪。故选C。
3.What can be inferred about Gentoo penguins from Paragraph 4？
A.They are quite adaptive.
B.They are in great danger.
C.They tend to hunt far out to sea.
D.They have a preference for sea ice.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“So when temperatures ... moved south.”和“As sea ice has decreased ... changed conditions.”可知，当温度上升，海冰减少时，巴布亚企鹅向南迁徙，它们似乎已经习惯了这种改变了的环境条件。由此可推知，这种企鹅的适应性强。故选A。
4.What can we learn from the last paragraph？
A.Adelie penguins have been affected by climate change.
B.Adelie penguins have got used to the changing environment.
C.Adelie penguin population has fallen by more than 65 percent.
D.Adelie penguin population represents the area's whole ecosystem.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“He added that ... populations plunge. (他补充说，每当研究人员看到海冰减少或消失时，他们也会看到阿德利企鹅的数量急剧下降。）”可知，阿德利企鹅受到气候改变的影响。故选A。
(一)热词
1．________ n. 气候
2．count v. ________________
3．________ v. 认出，识别
4．________ v. 代表
5．individual adj. _________________________
精深阅读——好词句小练
climate
数；计算总数
identify
represent
个别的，个人的，单独的
(二)高频短语
6．in an effort to do sth ________________
7．________________ 上升/下降
8．________________ 与……相结合
9．get used to ________
10．___________ 依靠，依赖
努力做某事
go up/down
be combined with
习惯于
depend on
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
11．These measures are strongly supported by ___________ (environment) groups.
12．It ________ (typical) takes a day or two, depending on size.
13．The black car drove away from them and ____________ (appear)．
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
14．The new products are placed on the front shelf._______
15．They finally reached an agreement after hours of negotiation._______
16．Teachers adopted various measures to help students with learning difficulties. ________
environmental
typically
disappeared
货架
达成
措施
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
17．They have just returned from distant places with wonderful stories to tell.________
18．The number of new students fell from 210 to 160 this year.___________
19．I wasted an entire day on it.________
faraway
faraway, overall, decrease
decreased
overall
(六)长难句分析
20．The researchers say counts of individual penguins can be combined with data from satellite images to get a more complete picture of how the animals are progressing.
句意：研究人员说，对企鹅个体的计数可以与卫星图像的数据相结合，以便更全面地了解该动物的发展情况。
分析：主干是________________________；动词say后是________从句；how引导________从句，作介词of的________。
The researchers say ...
宾语
宾语
宾语
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
21．The company has laid off 150 workers ____________________ (努力节省) money.
22．You'll soon ___________ (习惯) the climate here.
(八)仿写句子
23．As sea ice has decreased along the western side of the peninsula, Gentoos seem to have got used to the changed conditions.(as引导时间状语从句)
仿写：他一直坐着看她准备妥当。
____________________________________________________________________
in an effort to save
get used to
He sat watching her as she got ready.
Perhaps you know northern Americans still maintain the habit of celebrating Groundhog (土拨鼠) Day when a large groundhog checks to see its shadow on February 2 and helps to predict when winter will end. But have you ever heard about how a mountain town in North Carolina uses a caterpillar known as the Woolly Worm to make similar predictions？
精深阅读
According to the folklore (民间传说)， the amount of black on the woolly worm in autumn predicts the severity of the upcoming winter. The longer the woolly worm's black bands (带) are， the longer， colder， snowier， and more severe the winter will be. Similarly， a wider middle brown band is a sign of a milder upcoming winter. The position of the longest dark bands supposedly indicates which part of winter will be coldest or hardest. If the head end of the caterpillar is dark， the beginning of winter will be severe. If the tail end is dark， the end of winter will be cold. In addition， the caterpillar has 13 segments (昆虫的节/段) to its body， which traditional forecasters say correspond to the 13 weeks of winter.
Scientific studies on worm forecasting are rare. American Museum of Natural History entomologist Howard Curran conducted a small trial in 1948. Having heard about the caterpillar folklore， Curran headed to Bear Mountain State Park to collect caterpillars each fall for eight years. He found that if the worms had brown markings on more than a third of their body， winters tended to be milder.
Most scientists view the folklore of caterpillar predictions as just that， folklore. “It's a wonderful story， but I do think it was a playful trial，” says Joe Boggs， an entomologist at Ohio State University Extension who has studied woolly worms. “Curran was a real scientist. He had tons of papers published， but he never published this one—probably because he knew it wouldn't stand up to peer review.”
Mike Peters， an entomologist at the University of Massachusetts， doesn't disagree， but he says there could be a link between the band of a caterpillar and the severity of winter. Peters suggests that the timing of their growth and environmental conditions， such as temperature， moisture levels， and food sources， can impact the appearance of woolly worms， including their size， coloration， and band patterns. By analyzing these characteristics， researchers can potentially infer information about the weather conditions. “The band does say something about a heavy winter，” he says. “The only thing is that it's telling you about the previous year.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三位科学家对用毛毛虫预测冬天的严寒程度这一民间传说所进行的研究和对其的看法。
1.How do people predict the weather through caterpillars？
A.By analyzing their living habits.
B.By measuring the change of their size.
C.By calculating the number of their segments.
D.By studying color bands on their bodies.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The longer ... upcoming winter.(毛毛虫的黑色带越长，冬天就越长、越冷、下雪越多、越严寒。同样，中间褐色带越宽，则预示着即将到来的冬天越温和。）”可知，人们通过研究毛毛虫身体上的色带来预测天气。故选D。
2.What is Howard Curran's finding based on？
A.His personal observations.
B.An investigation on the locals.
C.Studies by previous scientists.
D.Statistics collected by the museum.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Having heard ... to be milder.(听说了毛毛虫的民间传说后，Curran (柯伦）每年秋天都前往熊山州立公园收集毛毛虫，持续了八年。他发现，如果这些毛毛虫的身上有超过三分之一的褐色斑纹，冬天就会比较温和。）”可知，Curran的发现是基于他自己的观察。故选A。
3.What is Joe Boggs's attitude towards the folklore？
A.Positive. B.Indifferent.
C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Curran was a real scientist ... peer review.(柯伦是一位真正的科学家。他发表了大量的论文，但他从未发表过这篇——可能是因为他知道这篇论文经不起同行评议。）”可推知，Joe Boggs (乔·博格斯）对于这个民间传说持怀疑态度。故选C。
4.Which statement might Mike Peters agree with？
A.The caterpillar forecasting needs long term data to support it.
B.The color band of caterpillars can be a mirror of past weather.
C.The cold environment has a great impact on caterpillars' growth.
D.The caterpillar can help predict the severity of winter accurately.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“‘The band does ... the previous year.’(‘色带确实表达了一些关于严冬的东西，’他说。‘唯一的问题是，它告诉你的是前一年的情况。’）”可知，Mike Peters (迈克·彼得斯）认为毛毛虫身上的色带可以反映过去的天气。故选B。
(一)热词
1．__________ v. 保持，维持
2．prediction n. ________
3．________ adj. 恶劣的；严肃的，严重的
4．_____________ v. 相当于，类似于；通信
5．forecast v. ________________
精深阅读——好词句小练
maintain
预测
severe
correspond
预测；预报
(二)高频短语
6．________________ 根据
7．in addition _______
8．________________ 与……一致
9．________________ 倾向于做某事
10．stand up to ________________
according to
另外
correspond to
tend to do sth
经得住；抵抗
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
11．Clearly drunk driving is a ____________ (potential) dangerous situation.
12．It's ___________ (tradition) in America to eat turkey on Thanksgiving Day.
13．Husband and wife were ________ (similar) successful in their chosen careers.
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
14．Dark clouds are a sign of rain._______
15．She tends her garden carefully, and the flowers grow beautifully.________
16．The city workers maintain the roads to avoid traffic accidents._______
potentially
traditional
similarly
迹象
照顾
养护
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
17．The report forecasts that prices will rise by 3% next month.________
18．How do people observe New Year in your country ___________
19．She is widely regarded as the current leader's natural successor.___________
predicts
celebrate， predict， view
celebrate
viewed
(六)长难句分析
20．Mike Peters, an entomologist at the University of Massachusetts, doesn't disagree, but he says there could be a link between the band of a caterpillar and the severity of winter.
句意：马萨诸塞大学的昆虫学家迈克·彼得斯并不反对(这种说法)，但他表示，毛毛虫的色带与冬季的严寒程度之间可能存在联系。
分析：主干是______________________________________；an entomologist at the University of Massachusetts作____________；there could ... severity of winter为省略了________的________从句。
Mike Peters doesn't disagree but he says ...
同位语
that
宾语
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
21．Since these goods don't ___________ (与……一致) our order, we won't accept them.
22．Opportunities and success ______ (倾向于) be in favor of those who are ready.
(八)仿写句子
23．It's a wonderful story, but I do think it was a playful trial.(助动词do/does/did强调谓语动词)
仿写：我们确实在两小时内完成了往返行程。
____________________________________________________________________
correspond to
tend to
We did do the round trip in two hours.
