【学霸笔记】人与社会：耕作的土地 星期三（完形填空＋语法填空）--高中英语单元话题阅读 人教版 选择性必修第一册（含答案）
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| 名称 | 【学霸笔记】人与社会：耕作的土地 星期三（完形填空＋语法填空）--高中英语单元话题阅读 人教版 选择性必修第一册（含答案） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-09-25 17:55:53 | ||
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人与社会：耕作的土地
星期三 完形填空＋语法填空
分值：45分
Ⅰ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
On a bright sunny day，I started my day off by volunteering at the L．A.Food Bank.My reason for volunteering at the food bank was to satisfy my need to help others and leave a 1 ，however small a difference it is，in someone’s world.As I 2 the food bank，there were lots of people there.The room appeared to be 3 as people waited in lines to 4 with coordinators(协调员)．
Everybody volunteering began heading quickly to their given 5 after checking in.Coordinators 6 me to repackage donated food items from local food drives after being sorted and 7 by other volunteers.When I 8 the donated food items，each bag had to contain the correct amount of food items.As a team，we effectively worked similarly to a 9 assembly(装配) line as the items continuously moved down the row to volunteers.My task required a lot of 10 when trying to work swiftly with my hands while ensuring that items placed in bags were correctly 11 .Here I had a chance to communicate with a variety of people while improving my 12 skills.We worked together as a team to 13 that our task was going effectively.
By helping pack food items，I was able to make as significant impact on my community by helping people fight 14 and giving them hope for a better life.After this experience，I feel a sense of 15 within me which does not usually happen.
1．A.change B．message
C．blank D．chance
2．A.established B．examined
C．entered D．equipped
3．A.shabby B．steady
C．tidy D．noisy
4．A.check in B．give up
C．show off D．move out
5．A.aid B．duties
C．awards D．test
6．A.appointed B．begged
C．forced D．persuaded
7．A.consumed B．inspected
C．searched D．replaced
8．A.abandoned B．delivered
C．packed D．explored
9．A.studio B．factory
C．museum D．theatre
10．A.focus B．respect
C．wisdom D．ambition
11．A.understood B．counted
C．led D．heard
12．A.leadership B．technical
C．social D．business
13．A.prove B．discover
C．stress D．guarantee
14．A.fear B．loneliness
C．hunger D．doubt
15．A.direction B．identity
C．belonging D．satisfaction
读写积累 1．item n．项目，条款；一件商品(或物品) 2．drive熟义：v.驾驶；开车 生义：n.传动(或驱动)装置(本文为此义) 3．sort熟义：n.种类；类别；品种 生义：v.整理；把……分类(本文为此义) 4．effectively adv.有效地；实际上 5．swiftly adv.很快地；迅速地；敏捷地；即刻 6．ensure v．确保，保证；保护，使安全 7．check in报到，记录；到达并登记 8．My task required a lot of focus when trying to work swiftly with my hands while ensuring that items placed in bags were correctly counted. 句式结构：when trying...和while ensuring...为“连词＋现在分词”作状语；placed in bags为过去分词短语作后置定语。 句子翻译：我的任务要求我非常专注，在努力用我的双手快速工作的同时，还要确保袋子里的物品正确计数。
Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共30分)
A
LANZHOU—Chinese researchers have newly confirmed the 1.___________________________(significant) of spacial scale—dependent dilution(稀释) effects of biodiversity 2. plant diseases in pastureland，according to the Lanzhou University.
The new study suggested 3. spacial scale plays an important role in 4.__________________(predict) infectious diseases of plants，said Liu Xiang，a researcher from the College of Ecology of the Lanzhou University and the leader of the study.
Under the background of rapid biodiversity losses，it is of both theoretical and 5.______________________(practice) importance to better understand the relationship between biodiversity and plant infectious diseases.The study team tested how spacial scale affects the direction 6. magnitude of the biodiversity-disease relationship.
The researchers utilized(利用) a long-term nitrogen addition experiment 7._________________________(conduct) in an alpine meadow(高山草甸) in northwest China’s Gansu Province，and tested how the sample area 8. (affect) by the relationship between plant species richness and foliar fungal(叶面真菌) disease severity.
The findings indicated that the dilution effect was more 9. (easy) observed in a small area.The study could help explain the observed variation in the biodiversity-disease relationship in 10. (grassland)，said Liu.
读写积累 1．confirm v．确认，确定；证实，证明 2．infectious adj.传染的；有感染力的，有影响力的 3．theoretical adj.理论上的；假设的 4．sample n．样本，样品 5．severity n．严重性 6．Under the background of rapid biodiversity losses，it is of both theoretical and practical importance to better understand the relationship between biodiversity and plant infectious diseases. 句式结构：be＋of＋抽象名词＝be＋相应的形容词。 句子翻译：在生物多样性迅速流失的背景下，更好地了解生物多样性和植物传染病之间的关系既有理论意义，又有实际意义。
B
Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop.Since 2011，the country 1.__________(grow) more corn than rice.Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 2._____________________ past 25 years，while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is 3. (actual) behind the change：An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens，pigs，and cattle.Another reason for corn’s rise：The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 4. (improve) water quality.Corn uses less water 5. rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff.This switch has decreased 6._________________(pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank，China accounts for about 30 percent of total 7._____________________(globe) fertilizer consumption.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government 8. (start) a soil-testing program 9._______________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011，fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide.China’s approach to protecting its environment while 10. (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policy makers worldwide，” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.
读写积累 1．jump v．熟义：跳跃 生义：突升；猛涨(同：increase)(本文为此义) 2．fertilizer n．肥料，化肥 3．decrease v．减少，降低(反：increase) 4．drop v．减少，降低(反：jump) 5．encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 6．account for(比例上)占；对……负责任；对……作出解释，说明……的原因；导致 7．China’s approach to protecting its environment while feeding its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policy makers worldwide，” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele. 句式结构：“连词＋现在分词”作伴随状语。 句子翻译：中国既让国人吃饱饭的同时，又保护了环境的方法“给全球的农业和食物政策制定人一个很有用的启示”，世界银行的Juergen Voegele说。
答案精析
Ⅰ.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在食物银行做志愿者，打包食物，帮助了他人，也收获了满足感。
1．A [根据后文“however small a difference it is”可知，作者要让他人的世界有所不同，即改变他们的世界。故选A项。]
2．C [根据后文“there were lots of people there”可知，作者应该是进入食物银行时发现那里有很多人。故选C项。]
3．D [根据后文“as people waited in lines”可知，排队时应该是很吵的。故选D项。]
4．A [根据后文“after checking in”可知，前面排队是为了登记。故选A项。]
5．B [根据前文“heading quickly to”可知，作为志愿者肯定是去工作，即前往自己的工作岗位，履行职责。故选B项。]
6．A [根据后文“to repackage donated food items”可知，是协调员让作者去做这件事，故表述为指派符合句意。故选A项。]
7．B [根据前文“to repackage donated food items from local food drives after being sorted”可知，在重新包装前先进行了分类，如果在分类时还有其他动作，应该就是检查。故选B项。]
8．C [根据前文“to repackage donated food items”可知，作者包装了食物。故选C项。]
9．B [根据后文“as the items continuously moved down”可知，作者把他们的工作比喻为工厂的流水线。故选B项。]
10．A [根据后文“trying to work swiftly with my hands while ensuring that items placed in bags were correctly ”可知，这种工作需要的是绝对的专注。故选A项。]
11．B [根据前文“the correct amount of food items”可知，在包装食物时要清点数量。故选B项。]
12．C [根据前文“I had a chance to communicate with a variety of people”可知，与许多人交流能提高社交能力。故选C项。]
13．D [根据后文“our task was going effectively”可知，任务有效进行需要团结合作才能保证。故选D项。]
14．C [根据第一段中的“volunteering at the L．A.Food Bank”可知，食物银行的志愿工作应该是为了帮助人们与饥饿作斗争。故选C项。]
15．D [根据第一段中“My reason for volunteering at the food bank was to satisfy my need”可知，作者做志愿工作得到了一种满足感。故选D项。]
Ⅱ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项新的研究表明：草原生物多样性有助于控制植物病害。
1．significance [考查名词。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用名词作宾语，所给词significant的名词形式为significance，意为“意义，重要性”。故填significance。]
2．on [考查介词。the effects on...意为“对……的影响”，为固定短语。故填on。]
3．that [考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导宾语从句，且从句意义和结构完整，故填that。]
4．predicting [考查非谓语动词。空前的 in是介词，后面应用动名词作宾语，故填predicting。]
5．practical [考查形容词。设空处作定语修饰名词importance，且与and之前的theoretical并列，所以应用practice的形容词形式practical，意为“实际的”。故填practical。]
6．and [考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知，此处名词direction和magnitude之间为并列关系，应用and连接，故填and。]
7．conducted [考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，设空处作后置定语修饰experiment，而且conduct与experiment之间构成被动关系，故用其过去分词形式，故填conducted。]
8．was affected [考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，设空处在how引导的宾语从句中作谓语动词，the sample area与affect之间是被动关系，且为第三人称单数。根据tested判断该从句的时态为一般过去时，故填was affected。]
9．easily [考查副词。设空处应用副词修饰动词observe，故填easily。]
10．grasslands [考查名词复数。grassland常用复数表示“草原，牧草地”，故填grasslands。]
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。中国近年来根据人们的膳食变化调整农作物种植结构，为全球生态环境保护做出了贡献。
1．has grown [考查时态和主谓一致。由时间状语Since 2011可知句子用现在完成时，主语the country是第三人称单数，故填has grown。]
2．the [考查冠词。此处特指过去的25年，故用定冠词the。故填the。]
3．actually [考查词性转换。修饰be behind the change应用形容词actual的副词形式actually。故填actually。]
4．to improve [考查非谓语动词。此处表示“政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是种植水稻是为了改善水质”，故用不定式作目的状语。故填to improve。]
5．than [考查介词。由句中的比较级less可知，此处将玉米和水稻进行比较，故填than。]
6．pollution [考查词性转换。decrease“降低，减少”，后接名词作宾语，pollute的名词形式是pollution。故填pollution。]
7．global [考查词性转换。修饰名词短语fertilizer consumption应用形容词形式global。故填global。]
8．started [考查时态。由2005可知事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填started。]
9．that/which [考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导限制性定语从句，修饰a soil-testing program，指物，且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。]
10．feeding [考查非谓语动词。China与feed之间是主动关系，所以用“连词＋现在分词”形式作状语。故填feeding。]
星期三 完形填空＋语法填空
分值：45分
Ⅰ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
On a bright sunny day，I started my day off by volunteering at the L．A.Food Bank.My reason for volunteering at the food bank was to satisfy my need to help others and leave a 1 ，however small a difference it is，in someone’s world.As I 2 the food bank，there were lots of people there.The room appeared to be 3 as people waited in lines to 4 with coordinators(协调员)．
Everybody volunteering began heading quickly to their given 5 after checking in.Coordinators 6 me to repackage donated food items from local food drives after being sorted and 7 by other volunteers.When I 8 the donated food items，each bag had to contain the correct amount of food items.As a team，we effectively worked similarly to a 9 assembly(装配) line as the items continuously moved down the row to volunteers.My task required a lot of 10 when trying to work swiftly with my hands while ensuring that items placed in bags were correctly 11 .Here I had a chance to communicate with a variety of people while improving my 12 skills.We worked together as a team to 13 that our task was going effectively.
By helping pack food items，I was able to make as significant impact on my community by helping people fight 14 and giving them hope for a better life.After this experience，I feel a sense of 15 within me which does not usually happen.
1．A.change B．message
C．blank D．chance
2．A.established B．examined
C．entered D．equipped
3．A.shabby B．steady
C．tidy D．noisy
4．A.check in B．give up
C．show off D．move out
5．A.aid B．duties
C．awards D．test
6．A.appointed B．begged
C．forced D．persuaded
7．A.consumed B．inspected
C．searched D．replaced
8．A.abandoned B．delivered
C．packed D．explored
9．A.studio B．factory
C．museum D．theatre
10．A.focus B．respect
C．wisdom D．ambition
11．A.understood B．counted
C．led D．heard
12．A.leadership B．technical
C．social D．business
13．A.prove B．discover
C．stress D．guarantee
14．A.fear B．loneliness
C．hunger D．doubt
15．A.direction B．identity
C．belonging D．satisfaction
读写积累 1．item n．项目，条款；一件商品(或物品) 2．drive熟义：v.驾驶；开车 生义：n.传动(或驱动)装置(本文为此义) 3．sort熟义：n.种类；类别；品种 生义：v.整理；把……分类(本文为此义) 4．effectively adv.有效地；实际上 5．swiftly adv.很快地；迅速地；敏捷地；即刻 6．ensure v．确保，保证；保护，使安全 7．check in报到，记录；到达并登记 8．My task required a lot of focus when trying to work swiftly with my hands while ensuring that items placed in bags were correctly counted. 句式结构：when trying...和while ensuring...为“连词＋现在分词”作状语；placed in bags为过去分词短语作后置定语。 句子翻译：我的任务要求我非常专注，在努力用我的双手快速工作的同时，还要确保袋子里的物品正确计数。
Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共30分)
A
LANZHOU—Chinese researchers have newly confirmed the 1.___________________________(significant) of spacial scale—dependent dilution(稀释) effects of biodiversity 2. plant diseases in pastureland，according to the Lanzhou University.
The new study suggested 3. spacial scale plays an important role in 4.__________________(predict) infectious diseases of plants，said Liu Xiang，a researcher from the College of Ecology of the Lanzhou University and the leader of the study.
Under the background of rapid biodiversity losses，it is of both theoretical and 5.______________________(practice) importance to better understand the relationship between biodiversity and plant infectious diseases.The study team tested how spacial scale affects the direction 6. magnitude of the biodiversity-disease relationship.
The researchers utilized(利用) a long-term nitrogen addition experiment 7._________________________(conduct) in an alpine meadow(高山草甸) in northwest China’s Gansu Province，and tested how the sample area 8. (affect) by the relationship between plant species richness and foliar fungal(叶面真菌) disease severity.
The findings indicated that the dilution effect was more 9. (easy) observed in a small area.The study could help explain the observed variation in the biodiversity-disease relationship in 10. (grassland)，said Liu.
读写积累 1．confirm v．确认，确定；证实，证明 2．infectious adj.传染的；有感染力的，有影响力的 3．theoretical adj.理论上的；假设的 4．sample n．样本，样品 5．severity n．严重性 6．Under the background of rapid biodiversity losses，it is of both theoretical and practical importance to better understand the relationship between biodiversity and plant infectious diseases. 句式结构：be＋of＋抽象名词＝be＋相应的形容词。 句子翻译：在生物多样性迅速流失的背景下，更好地了解生物多样性和植物传染病之间的关系既有理论意义，又有实际意义。
B
Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop.Since 2011，the country 1.__________(grow) more corn than rice.Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 2._____________________ past 25 years，while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is 3. (actual) behind the change：An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens，pigs，and cattle.Another reason for corn’s rise：The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 4. (improve) water quality.Corn uses less water 5. rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff.This switch has decreased 6._________________(pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank，China accounts for about 30 percent of total 7._____________________(globe) fertilizer consumption.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government 8. (start) a soil-testing program 9._______________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011，fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide.China’s approach to protecting its environment while 10. (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policy makers worldwide，” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.
读写积累 1．jump v．熟义：跳跃 生义：突升；猛涨(同：increase)(本文为此义) 2．fertilizer n．肥料，化肥 3．decrease v．减少，降低(反：increase) 4．drop v．减少，降低(反：jump) 5．encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 6．account for(比例上)占；对……负责任；对……作出解释，说明……的原因；导致 7．China’s approach to protecting its environment while feeding its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policy makers worldwide，” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele. 句式结构：“连词＋现在分词”作伴随状语。 句子翻译：中国既让国人吃饱饭的同时，又保护了环境的方法“给全球的农业和食物政策制定人一个很有用的启示”，世界银行的Juergen Voegele说。
答案精析
Ⅰ.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在食物银行做志愿者，打包食物，帮助了他人，也收获了满足感。
1．A [根据后文“however small a difference it is”可知，作者要让他人的世界有所不同，即改变他们的世界。故选A项。]
2．C [根据后文“there were lots of people there”可知，作者应该是进入食物银行时发现那里有很多人。故选C项。]
3．D [根据后文“as people waited in lines”可知，排队时应该是很吵的。故选D项。]
4．A [根据后文“after checking in”可知，前面排队是为了登记。故选A项。]
5．B [根据前文“heading quickly to”可知，作为志愿者肯定是去工作，即前往自己的工作岗位，履行职责。故选B项。]
6．A [根据后文“to repackage donated food items”可知，是协调员让作者去做这件事，故表述为指派符合句意。故选A项。]
7．B [根据前文“to repackage donated food items from local food drives after being sorted”可知，在重新包装前先进行了分类，如果在分类时还有其他动作，应该就是检查。故选B项。]
8．C [根据前文“to repackage donated food items”可知，作者包装了食物。故选C项。]
9．B [根据后文“as the items continuously moved down”可知，作者把他们的工作比喻为工厂的流水线。故选B项。]
10．A [根据后文“trying to work swiftly with my hands while ensuring that items placed in bags were correctly ”可知，这种工作需要的是绝对的专注。故选A项。]
11．B [根据前文“the correct amount of food items”可知，在包装食物时要清点数量。故选B项。]
12．C [根据前文“I had a chance to communicate with a variety of people”可知，与许多人交流能提高社交能力。故选C项。]
13．D [根据后文“our task was going effectively”可知，任务有效进行需要团结合作才能保证。故选D项。]
14．C [根据第一段中的“volunteering at the L．A.Food Bank”可知，食物银行的志愿工作应该是为了帮助人们与饥饿作斗争。故选C项。]
15．D [根据第一段中“My reason for volunteering at the food bank was to satisfy my need”可知，作者做志愿工作得到了一种满足感。故选D项。]
Ⅱ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项新的研究表明：草原生物多样性有助于控制植物病害。
1．significance [考查名词。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用名词作宾语，所给词significant的名词形式为significance，意为“意义，重要性”。故填significance。]
2．on [考查介词。the effects on...意为“对……的影响”，为固定短语。故填on。]
3．that [考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导宾语从句，且从句意义和结构完整，故填that。]
4．predicting [考查非谓语动词。空前的 in是介词，后面应用动名词作宾语，故填predicting。]
5．practical [考查形容词。设空处作定语修饰名词importance，且与and之前的theoretical并列，所以应用practice的形容词形式practical，意为“实际的”。故填practical。]
6．and [考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知，此处名词direction和magnitude之间为并列关系，应用and连接，故填and。]
7．conducted [考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，设空处作后置定语修饰experiment，而且conduct与experiment之间构成被动关系，故用其过去分词形式，故填conducted。]
8．was affected [考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，设空处在how引导的宾语从句中作谓语动词，the sample area与affect之间是被动关系，且为第三人称单数。根据tested判断该从句的时态为一般过去时，故填was affected。]
9．easily [考查副词。设空处应用副词修饰动词observe，故填easily。]
10．grasslands [考查名词复数。grassland常用复数表示“草原，牧草地”，故填grasslands。]
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。中国近年来根据人们的膳食变化调整农作物种植结构，为全球生态环境保护做出了贡献。
1．has grown [考查时态和主谓一致。由时间状语Since 2011可知句子用现在完成时，主语the country是第三人称单数，故填has grown。]
2．the [考查冠词。此处特指过去的25年，故用定冠词the。故填the。]
3．actually [考查词性转换。修饰be behind the change应用形容词actual的副词形式actually。故填actually。]
4．to improve [考查非谓语动词。此处表示“政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是种植水稻是为了改善水质”，故用不定式作目的状语。故填to improve。]
5．than [考查介词。由句中的比较级less可知，此处将玉米和水稻进行比较，故填than。]
6．pollution [考查词性转换。decrease“降低，减少”，后接名词作宾语，pollute的名词形式是pollution。故填pollution。]
7．global [考查词性转换。修饰名词短语fertilizer consumption应用形容词形式global。故填global。]
8．started [考查时态。由2005可知事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填started。]
9．that/which [考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导限制性定语从句，修饰a soil-testing program，指物，且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。]
10．feeding [考查非谓语动词。China与feed之间是主动关系，所以用“连词＋现在分词”形式作状语。故填feeding。]