【学霸笔记】人与社会：耕作的土地 星期五（阅读理解＋七选五）--高中英语单元话题阅读 人教版 选择性必修第一册（含答案）
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| 名称 | 【学霸笔记】人与社会：耕作的土地 星期五（阅读理解＋七选五）--高中英语单元话题阅读 人教版 选择性必修第一册（含答案） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-09-25 17:55:53 | ||
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人与社会：耕作的土地
星期五 阅读理解＋七选五
分值：22.5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共10分)
If the grass looks greener after the skies have cleared，your eyes aren’t cheating you.After it rains，there’s typically more water available in the soil to plants.When plants take in that water，they are also taking in nitrogen(氮) from the organic matter that’s in the soil.
As plants grow，their small roots die and new roots grow.When that happens，soil microbes(微生物) contribute to the dead roots’ being destroyed gradually by natural processes.The roots have many chemical substances that consist mostly of carbon but also some nitrogen.Soil microbes use carbon and some of the nitrogen to cause the dead roots to rot.As this happens，an amount of the nitrogen is sent back into the soil as a sort of waste product.
As rain goes into the soil，it makes the microbes active and release more nitrogen.The grass benefits from the freshly fallen rain because an amount of water allows the roots to take in this “new” nitrogen as well as the nitrogen that the microbes previously released.
Something else happens to nitrogen when it rains.The atmosphere is made up of 78 percent nitrogen gas.When it rains，the rain brings some of the nitrogen down onto grass.However，only a small amount of the nitrogen that falls directly on grass during rain events is directly absorbed into the leaves—and this might surprise you.
Even though rain helps increase the nitrogen that is available to grass in several ways，you can’t count on nitrogen from rain to meet all of the fertilizer needs of your grass or your vegetable garden.Commercial fertilizers or organic soil nutrients are still needed for a balanced fertilizer program.While nitrogen is necessary for good plant growth，be sure to follow package directions.Too much of a good thing can be harmful not only to plants but to nearby rivers.
1．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．The birth of new roots.
B．The death of old roots.
C．The activation of microbes.
D．The breakdown of dead roots.
2．What makes the grass look greener after rain
A．The sun. B．The nitrogen.
C．The fertilizer. D．The microbe.
3．What are people advised to do in the end
A．Protect rivers from fertilizer.
B．Guarantee the richness of the soil.
C．Be cautious about using fertilizer.
D．Realize rain’s importance to plants.
4．Which is the best title for the text
A. Why Is Grass Greener After It Rains
B．What Are Effects of Nitrogen on Grass
C．How Much Fertilizer Does Grass Need
D．When Should You Fertilize New Grass
读写积累 1．typically adv.典型地，有代表性地 2．previously adv.之前地，早先地 3．take in熟义：吸入，收留(本文为此义) 生义：理解；欺骗 4．contribute to 造成，促使 5．consist of由……构成 (无被动和进行) 6．be absorbed into 被吸收进去 7．count on依靠，依赖，指望 8．meet all needs满足所有需要 9．While nitrogen is necessary for good plant growth，be sure to follow package directions. 句式结构：while引导的让步状语从句。 句子翻译：尽管氮对于植物的良好生长是必要的，但是一定要依据包装上的说明来使用。
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
For all of human history，eating meat has meant killing animals. 1 They produce meat by growing cells obtained from an animal’s body.
Lab-grown meat，also called “cell-cultivated” or “cultured” meat，is made by feeding a mix of nutrients to animal cells in steel tanks in labs. 2 And unlike other meat substitutes which are made from plant proteins and other ingredients，lab-grown meat is real meat.It looks，smells and tastes like any other grocery store version.
Recently，the U．S.Department of Agriculture(USDA) has given two companies approval to sell lab-grown chicken. 3 It’s aimed at eliminating(消除) harm to animals，and reducing the environmental impacts of grazing(放牧) and growing feed for animals.
“Everything we know about how meat can be made is going to change.But don’t expect to see cultivated meat in grocery stores just yet，” said Uma Valeti，CEO of UPSIDE Foods. 4 That’s because it cannot yet be produced on the scale of traditional meat.
“To make cultivated meat，we need much more energy，” said Bruce Friedrich，president and founder of the Good Food Institute.However，those high energy needs will be offset(补偿) by the reduction in land and water use and other benefits.It’s thought that cultured meat will be probably produced on a large scale. 5
A．Lab-grown meat is much more expensive now.
B．When ready，lab-grown meat is formed into shapes.
C．The approval launches a new era of meat production.
D．The idea is to create an alternative to agriculturally raised meat.
E．But scientists behind lab-grown meat say that’s no longer necessary.
F．That could also offer a solution to feeding the world’s growing population.
G．The typical way meat is produced now is a risk factor for the emergence of diseases.
读写积累 1．obtain v．得到；存在 2．cultured adj.(为医学或科学研究)培养的；有教养的 3．version n．变体；版本，改编形式；(从不同角度的)描述 4．approval n．批准，认可，通过；赞成；赞许；试用 5．launch v．发起；上市；使(船)下水；发射；猛扑向前 n．发射；下水；上市；发起 6．alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；另类的 7．a mix of ……的混合 8．be aimed at 旨在；以……为目的 9．That’s because it cannot yet be produced on the scale of traditional meat. 句式结构：because引导表语从句。 句子翻译：这是因为它还不能按照传统肉类的规模生产。
答案精析
Ⅰ.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了下雨之后，植物可以从土壤的水分中吸取更多的氮，加速植物枯根的分解，从而促进植物的生长。
1．D [代词指代题。根据画线词所在句及前一句可知，土壤微生物利用碳和一些氮来分解枯根。当这种情况发生时，一部分氮作为一种废料被释放回土壤。由此可知，画线词this指代的正是上文中所说的枯根的分解。故选D。]
2．B [推理判断题。根据第一段第二、三句可知，下雨后，土壤中有更多的水分可供植物利用。当植物吸收水分时，它们也从土壤有机物中吸收了氮。再结合第三段内容和第四段最后一句可知，雨水进入土壤使微生物变得活跃，从而使更多的氮释放出来，大量的水分促使根吸收更多的氮；且下雨时有一部分氮直接被叶子吸收。由此可推知，是氮让雨后的草看起来更绿。故选B。]
3．C [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的最后两句可知，虽然氮是植物良好生长的必要成分，但一定要按照包装上的说明去使用氮。好东西太多(即使用太多的肥料)不仅会对植物有害，也会对附近的河流有害。由此可知，作者在最后建议人们要谨慎使用肥料。故选C。]
4．A [标题归纳题。文章首句“If the grass looks greener after the skies have cleared，your eyes aren’t cheating you.”统领全文，下文对这个现象进行详细的解释说明，由此可知，本文主要是围绕为什么雨后的草更绿来展开。故选A。]
Ⅱ.
1．E [根据语境可知，空处和上文形成转折关系，说明有其他方法能够得到肉，E项“但实验室培养肉背后的科学家说这不再有必要”符合语境，且下文中的They指代E项中的scientists behind lab-grown meat。]
2．D [根据语境可知，空处应承接上文，进一步解释“lab-grown meat”的特点，并引出下文与其他替代品的对比，故D项符合语境。]
3．C [根据语境可知，空处说明这项批准的意义，C项符合语境，且C项中的The approval与上文中的given two companies approval相对应。]
4．A [根据下文可知，实验室培育的肉目前还不能大规模生产，可推知现在实验室培育的肉价格高。A项符合语境。]
5．F [根据上文内容可知，空处说明将来大规模生产人造肉的好处。F项指出这有助于养活世界上日益增长的人口，符合语境。]
星期五 阅读理解＋七选五
分值：22.5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共10分)
If the grass looks greener after the skies have cleared，your eyes aren’t cheating you.After it rains，there’s typically more water available in the soil to plants.When plants take in that water，they are also taking in nitrogen(氮) from the organic matter that’s in the soil.
As plants grow，their small roots die and new roots grow.When that happens，soil microbes(微生物) contribute to the dead roots’ being destroyed gradually by natural processes.The roots have many chemical substances that consist mostly of carbon but also some nitrogen.Soil microbes use carbon and some of the nitrogen to cause the dead roots to rot.As this happens，an amount of the nitrogen is sent back into the soil as a sort of waste product.
As rain goes into the soil，it makes the microbes active and release more nitrogen.The grass benefits from the freshly fallen rain because an amount of water allows the roots to take in this “new” nitrogen as well as the nitrogen that the microbes previously released.
Something else happens to nitrogen when it rains.The atmosphere is made up of 78 percent nitrogen gas.When it rains，the rain brings some of the nitrogen down onto grass.However，only a small amount of the nitrogen that falls directly on grass during rain events is directly absorbed into the leaves—and this might surprise you.
Even though rain helps increase the nitrogen that is available to grass in several ways，you can’t count on nitrogen from rain to meet all of the fertilizer needs of your grass or your vegetable garden.Commercial fertilizers or organic soil nutrients are still needed for a balanced fertilizer program.While nitrogen is necessary for good plant growth，be sure to follow package directions.Too much of a good thing can be harmful not only to plants but to nearby rivers.
1．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．The birth of new roots.
B．The death of old roots.
C．The activation of microbes.
D．The breakdown of dead roots.
2．What makes the grass look greener after rain
A．The sun. B．The nitrogen.
C．The fertilizer. D．The microbe.
3．What are people advised to do in the end
A．Protect rivers from fertilizer.
B．Guarantee the richness of the soil.
C．Be cautious about using fertilizer.
D．Realize rain’s importance to plants.
4．Which is the best title for the text
A. Why Is Grass Greener After It Rains
B．What Are Effects of Nitrogen on Grass
C．How Much Fertilizer Does Grass Need
D．When Should You Fertilize New Grass
读写积累 1．typically adv.典型地，有代表性地 2．previously adv.之前地，早先地 3．take in熟义：吸入，收留(本文为此义) 生义：理解；欺骗 4．contribute to 造成，促使 5．consist of由……构成 (无被动和进行) 6．be absorbed into 被吸收进去 7．count on依靠，依赖，指望 8．meet all needs满足所有需要 9．While nitrogen is necessary for good plant growth，be sure to follow package directions. 句式结构：while引导的让步状语从句。 句子翻译：尽管氮对于植物的良好生长是必要的，但是一定要依据包装上的说明来使用。
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
For all of human history，eating meat has meant killing animals. 1 They produce meat by growing cells obtained from an animal’s body.
Lab-grown meat，also called “cell-cultivated” or “cultured” meat，is made by feeding a mix of nutrients to animal cells in steel tanks in labs. 2 And unlike other meat substitutes which are made from plant proteins and other ingredients，lab-grown meat is real meat.It looks，smells and tastes like any other grocery store version.
Recently，the U．S.Department of Agriculture(USDA) has given two companies approval to sell lab-grown chicken. 3 It’s aimed at eliminating(消除) harm to animals，and reducing the environmental impacts of grazing(放牧) and growing feed for animals.
“Everything we know about how meat can be made is going to change.But don’t expect to see cultivated meat in grocery stores just yet，” said Uma Valeti，CEO of UPSIDE Foods. 4 That’s because it cannot yet be produced on the scale of traditional meat.
“To make cultivated meat，we need much more energy，” said Bruce Friedrich，president and founder of the Good Food Institute.However，those high energy needs will be offset(补偿) by the reduction in land and water use and other benefits.It’s thought that cultured meat will be probably produced on a large scale. 5
A．Lab-grown meat is much more expensive now.
B．When ready，lab-grown meat is formed into shapes.
C．The approval launches a new era of meat production.
D．The idea is to create an alternative to agriculturally raised meat.
E．But scientists behind lab-grown meat say that’s no longer necessary.
F．That could also offer a solution to feeding the world’s growing population.
G．The typical way meat is produced now is a risk factor for the emergence of diseases.
读写积累 1．obtain v．得到；存在 2．cultured adj.(为医学或科学研究)培养的；有教养的 3．version n．变体；版本，改编形式；(从不同角度的)描述 4．approval n．批准，认可，通过；赞成；赞许；试用 5．launch v．发起；上市；使(船)下水；发射；猛扑向前 n．发射；下水；上市；发起 6．alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；另类的 7．a mix of ……的混合 8．be aimed at 旨在；以……为目的 9．That’s because it cannot yet be produced on the scale of traditional meat. 句式结构：because引导表语从句。 句子翻译：这是因为它还不能按照传统肉类的规模生产。
答案精析
Ⅰ.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了下雨之后，植物可以从土壤的水分中吸取更多的氮，加速植物枯根的分解，从而促进植物的生长。
1．D [代词指代题。根据画线词所在句及前一句可知，土壤微生物利用碳和一些氮来分解枯根。当这种情况发生时，一部分氮作为一种废料被释放回土壤。由此可知，画线词this指代的正是上文中所说的枯根的分解。故选D。]
2．B [推理判断题。根据第一段第二、三句可知，下雨后，土壤中有更多的水分可供植物利用。当植物吸收水分时，它们也从土壤有机物中吸收了氮。再结合第三段内容和第四段最后一句可知，雨水进入土壤使微生物变得活跃，从而使更多的氮释放出来，大量的水分促使根吸收更多的氮；且下雨时有一部分氮直接被叶子吸收。由此可推知，是氮让雨后的草看起来更绿。故选B。]
3．C [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的最后两句可知，虽然氮是植物良好生长的必要成分，但一定要按照包装上的说明去使用氮。好东西太多(即使用太多的肥料)不仅会对植物有害，也会对附近的河流有害。由此可知，作者在最后建议人们要谨慎使用肥料。故选C。]
4．A [标题归纳题。文章首句“If the grass looks greener after the skies have cleared，your eyes aren’t cheating you.”统领全文，下文对这个现象进行详细的解释说明，由此可知，本文主要是围绕为什么雨后的草更绿来展开。故选A。]
Ⅱ.
1．E [根据语境可知，空处和上文形成转折关系，说明有其他方法能够得到肉，E项“但实验室培养肉背后的科学家说这不再有必要”符合语境，且下文中的They指代E项中的scientists behind lab-grown meat。]
2．D [根据语境可知，空处应承接上文，进一步解释“lab-grown meat”的特点，并引出下文与其他替代品的对比，故D项符合语境。]
3．C [根据语境可知，空处说明这项批准的意义，C项符合语境，且C项中的The approval与上文中的given two companies approval相对应。]
4．A [根据下文可知，实验室培育的肉目前还不能大规模生产，可推知现在实验室培育的肉价格高。A项符合语境。]
5．F [根据上文内容可知，空处说明将来大规模生产人造肉的好处。F项指出这有助于养活世界上日益增长的人口，符合语境。]