Unit 1 A New Start Using language 课件(共31张PPT)外研版（2019）必修第一册

(共31张PPT)
Unit1 Using language Grammar
目录
contents
英语句式成分
1
英语基本句式
2
课本习题
3
练习
4
英语句子八大成分
句子成分由词或词组充当
英语的基本成分有七种：
主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、
状语(adverbial) 补语(complement) 主语(Subject)：
主语Subject
一.主语
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。
可由 1.名词、2.代词、3.数词、4.名词化的形容词（如 the rich）5.不定式、6.动名词、7.主语从句等表示。
1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular
2. We often speak English in class.
3. One-third of the students in this class are girls.
4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.
5. Smoking does harm to the health.
6. The rich should help the poor.
7. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.
8. It is necessary to master a foreign language.
9. That he isn’t at home is not true
找出下列句子主语
谓语(Predicate)：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
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1).Fifty miles _______ ( be ) not a great distance .
2). He ______________ ( marry ) for three years .
3). A lot of trees ____________ ( must , plant ) on the hills .
4). The woman did ______ ( stay ) at home last Sunday .
1) 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
He practices running every morning.
2) 复合谓语：
（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
You may keep the book for two weeks.
He has caught a bad cold.
（2）由系动词加表语构成。
We are students
is
has been married
must be planed
stay
三.表语
表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，
它一般位于系动词（如 be, become, get, look,grow, turn, seem 等）之后。
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
1) Our teacher of English is an American.
2) Is it yours
3) The weather has turned cold.
4) The speech is exciting.
5) Three times seven is twenty one
四. 宾语(Object)
宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
A
2) The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.
3) —How many dictionaries do you have？
—- I have five.
4) They helped the old with their housework yesterday.
5) I wanted to buy a car.
6) I enjoy listening to popular music.
7) I think（that）he is fit for his office.
8) He found it hard to solve the problem
五. 宾语补足语(Object Complement)
英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。
“
1) His father named him Dongming.
2) They painted their boat white.
3) Let the fresh air in.
4) You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.
5) We saw her enter the room.
【注意】如果把主动语态该成被动语态，宾语补足语就成了主语补足语。例如： He was
acknowledged to be the best playe
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考点1. 若修饰 some, any, every, no 构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something、nothing）,定语通常后
置。
I have something important to tell you.(important 修饰 something,却放在后面)
There is nothing interesting in the book.（ interesting 修饰 nothing）
考点2. 副词用作定语时须放在名词之后
2) 复合谓语：
（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
You may keep the book for two weeks.
He has caught a bad cold.
（2）由系动词加表语构成。
We are students
六. 定语(Attribute)：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
72%
考点4. 介词短语作定语时要后置
The boy under the tree is Tom.（树下的那个男孩）
The tallest boy in our class is John.（我们班最高的那个男孩）
考点5. 名词作定语一般用单数，但当 woman, man 作定语且后面名词为复数时，woman man 也要用
复数
boy students, apple trees, men doctors, women nurses
考点6. 动词不定式、现在分词短语、过去分词短语作定语要后置
I have something to say. (直译：我有要说的话)
The boy crying over there is my classmate.（在那边哭的那个男孩）
The house built last year is impressive.（去年建的那座房子）
六. 定语(Attribute)：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
72%
考点7. 动名词、现在分词作定语时的区别
This is a swimming pool.(动名词作定语，表功能)
The sleeping boy is only five.（现在分词作定语， 表正在进行）
考点8. else(别的，其它的)通常放在不定代词和疑问词后作后置定语
Who else do you know
Somebody else might have taken it away.
You can see these signs in a hospital. ___ can you see them
A. Where else B. Where place else C. Where else place D. Else where
考点9. enough 修饰名词可前置或后置, enough 修饰形容词、副词时,必须后置。
Nearby 可作形容词、副词，因此修饰名词时也可前置或后置
1) I haven’t got enough money. I can’t afford it.（形容词作定语）
2) We have time enough to do the work. （形容词短语作定语）
3) You can’t be careful enough. (副词作状语)
六. 定语(Attribute)：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
七. 状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫作状语。
1. How about meeting again at six
2. Mr Smith lives on the third floor.
3. Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.
4. She put the eggs into the basket with great care.
一个名词或其它形式，跟在另一个名词或代词后并对其进行解释、说明或限定，这个名词或其它形式就是同位语。
A
（一）、名词、代词作同位语
上海——中国最大的城市之一，是最发达的。
Shanghai，one of the biggest cities in China，is the most developed .
They each have a computer.
（二）、不定式、动名词作同位语
He has a plan to rebuild this old house.
他计划重建这座老房子。
（三）、从句作同位语
同位语从句通常跟在某些抽象名词(fact，plan，view，idea，belief，opinion，possibility，thought 等)后，
用来说明所修饰词的内容。常用句型有：
The fact that...is... ……的事实是……
Some people hold the opinion that...
一些人持有……的观点
八.同位语（appositive）
英语六种基本句型
基本句型一： SV （主语 + 谓语 ）
注：在这种句型中，谓语动词大多是不及物动词（Vi.）。不及物动词后不能直接跟宾语，如要跟宾语，其后要加上介词（如：of, to, at, in 等）。另外，不及物动词后可跟有副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等状语修饰语。不及物动词，没有被动语态。常用不及物动词：
基本句型二： SVP （主语 + 系动词 <>+ 表语 ）
常见的系动词
注：表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品质、特征和状态的，表语大多由名词、形容词、副词、
分词、介词短语、不定式、从句等充当
基本句型三： SVO （主语 + 谓语 + 宾语