Unit 1 People of Achievement Learning About Language 课件(共28张PPT)人教版(2019)选择性必修第一册
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| 名称 | Unit 1 People of Achievement Learning About Language 课件(共28张PPT)人教版(2019)选择性必修第一册 |  | |
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| 文件大小 | 5.0MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-09-26 00:16:20 | ||
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(共28张PPT)
Unit 1 People of Achievement
Discovering useful structures
非限制性定语从句
Review
The woman who is receiving the prize is Tu Youyou.
先行词
定语从句
关系词
关系代词
关系副词
who/whom
which/that
whose/as
where
when
why
引导作用(引导定语从句)
替代作用(替代先行词)
在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用
Function
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词
修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句,其作用相当于形容词
Review
定语从句的引导词
关系代词
关系副词
指人
指物
who (主语, 宾语) whom (宾语)
that (主语, 宾语)
whose (定语)
as (主语, 宾语, 表语)
which (主语, 宾语) that (主语, 宾语) whose (定语)
as (主语, 宾语, 表语)
where (地点状语)
when ( 时间状语)
why (原因状语)
1. Look at the girl _________ is singing so beautifully.
2. He gave me a pen ___________ he bought last week.
3. Mary has read all the books ______ I lent her.
4. Jim is the boy ______ hat is red.
5. Do you know the woman ______ our teacher is talking to
who/that
that/which
that
whose
whom
关系代词在定语从句中代替先行词做主语、宾语、表语或定语。先行词做主宾表, 是人时用 _____, ______ 或 _____; 是物时用 ______ 或 ______。先行词作定语, 表示“…… 的”时, 用 ______。
which
that
whose
6. Is it the reason ______________ you were late
7. I remember that day _______________ I suddenly felt like German was no longer a foreign language.
8. We walked in a garden _______________ many trees and flowers had been planted.
why/for which
where/in which
when/on which
关系副词在定语从句中代替先行词做状语。先行词作原因状语时用_____；作地点状语时用 _______；作时间状语时, 用 ______。还可以用____________来替换关系副词。
why
where
介词+which
1. They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against the disease.
2. Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common.
explore
他们测试了数百种在这场战斗中显示出希望的中国药物对抗疾病。
屠呦呦前往海南,那的疟疾更为常见。
限制性定从和非限制性定从的区别
01
形式不同
限制性定从与其先行词关系密切，无逗号隔开，
非限制性定从与其先行词关系不密切，有逗号隔开。
01
意义不同
1. I saw the guy who delivers
my mail yesterday.
2. I'll always remember the
river where we learned to
swim.
which guy
which river
1. Paris, where I spent six
months studying, is the most
beautiful city in the world.
2. The woman ,
whose children are the same
age as yours, invited us over
for dinner next week.
若去掉，句子含义不明确
若去掉，不影响句子含义
Restrictive relative clause
Non-restrictive relative clause
在限制性定语从句中，去掉主句，主句意思表达不完整。在非限制定语从句中，去掉从句，不影响句子含义。
02
先行词不同
限制性定从的先行词一般是名词或代词，
非限制性定从的先行词既可以是名词或代词, 也可是整个句子。
Mexico is a city, which has a lot of attractions.
He was late again, which made the teacher very unhappy.
03
翻译不同
In the class there are ten students who/that speak English very well.
2. In the class there are ten students, who speak English very well.
翻译：
含义：
翻译：
含义：
这个班有10名英语说的好的学生。学生
修饰限定，班上不只有10名学生，但只有这10名学生英语说得好。
这个班有10名学生，他们英语说得很好。
补充说明，班上只有10个学生，补充他们的英语说得好。
限制性定从译成先行词的定语：“……的 ”。
非限制性定从通常译成主句的并列句。
04
关系词不同
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
关系词可以用that,why 不能用that,why引导，why要用for which代替
关系词作宾语可以省略 不可以省略
指人作宾语，可用who/whom/that 指人作宾语，用who/whom
注意在“介＋关系代词”结构中。只能用whom
补充1：as和which引导非限制性定从的区别
as which
表方式、比较或例证（如“正如；像...一样”），仅为关联词，在从句中不作成分 表“这/那件事”，指代先行词并在从句中充当成分
句首，句中，句尾 先行词后
通常为整个主句 主句中的一部分或整个主句
不可以加介词引导从句 可以加介词引导从句
as常见搭配
众所周知
正如你所知道的那样
正如所预料的那样
正如我们所期待的
正如上面所提到的
正如报道/所说的那样
正如一句谚语所说/俗话说
正如指出的
正如你所看见的
情况通常如此
as or which
①正如大家所看到的那样，她工作一直很努力。
She is always working hard，____ everyone can see.
②这本书很有教育意义，是我昨天买的。
The book，______ I bought yesterday, is very instructive.
③她的诚实是大家有目共睹的。
______ everyone can see, she is honest.
= She is honest，_______ everyone can see.
④众所周知，吸烟有害健康。
______ we all know，smoking is harmful to one's health.
⑤汤姆突然病倒了，这让我们很伤心。
Tom suddenly fell ill，_______ made us very sad.
as
which
As
as
As
which
补充3：“介词+关系代词(which/whom)”结构,介词后关系代词的选择：指人用whom, 指物用which.
Her sons, both of _______ work abroad, ring her up every week.
Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of _______ recovered.
China has 34 provinces, some of _______ are pretty poor.
tip: 以上结构一般用于引导非限制性定语从句。
Practice
whom
whom
which
补充3：“介词+关系代词(which/whom)”结构中,介词的确定。
about
（care about）
in
（live in）
Practice
补充3：“介词+关系代词(which/whom)”结构中,介词的确定。
2）根据从句中的形容词的搭配习惯确定介词。
I introduced some subjects to her, ______ which she may be interested.
His achievements, ______ which his parents are extremely proud, inspired others in the community.
in
of
(be interested in)
(be proud of)
Practice
补充3：“介词+关系代词(which/whom)”结构中,介词的确定。
3）根据先行词的内容或语境确定介词。
The president said that he didn't need any reason, ______ which the plan couldn't be carried out.
They crossed the bridge, ______ which hung many lanterns.
We arrived at midnight, ______ which time the party started.
for
over
at
(for any reason)
（"over" 由句意决定,over the bridge跨过桥梁上方）
（"at" 因先行词而选定,at midnight在午夜）
Summary
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
形式上
意义上
作用上
翻译上
关系词
无逗号
有逗号
去掉从句，主句意思不完整不明确
去掉从句，主句意思仍然完整清楚
修饰限定
只修饰一个名词或代词
补充说明
可修饰一个词，也可修饰整个句子
译为“……的”
常译成与主句并列的句子
作宾语时可省略
who不能在从句中做宾语,关系词一般不可省略，不能用that, why引导
定语从句的关系词总结
指人 指物 在定语从句中作的成分
who
whom
whose
that
which
指原因 指地点 指时间 在定语从句中的作用
where
when
why
√
√
√
√
√
（或指代整个主句）
主语
宾语
定语
√
√
地点状语
时间状语
宾语
表语
√
主语
主语
宾语
宾语
表语
表语
√
√
原因状语
= 介词+ which
注意：that，why 不能在非限制性定语从句中使用；why要用for which替代;关系词一般不可省略。
1. The famous basketball star, _____ is an American, came to China yesterday.
2. They are always smoking, ______, of course, will do harm to their health.
3. He will come to see me next July, _____ he won't be so busy.
4. The number of smokers, ______is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
which
who
Fill in the blanks with proper relative words.
when
as
5. He wrote many children's books, nearly half of________were published in the 1990s.
6. Mr King, ________ legs were badly hurt,was quickly taken to hospital.
7. Yesterday, they went out to have a picnic in the park, _____________
they had a good time.
which
whose
where/in which
迁移运用
Choose the words in the box to complete the sentences. P62
who whom which whose when where in / of / for which of whom
1
which
who(m)
when
whose
in which
of whom
of which
in which
where
where
1 Some people always talk loudly in public, ________ is really annoying.
2 Professor Lu, ________ you spoke to, specialises in constitutional law.
3 Please come back at four o’clock, ________ your herbal medicine will be ready.
4 What do you want to write about these people, ________ stories I have just told you
5 Have you been to the Louvre Museum, ________ you can see the Mona Lisa on display
6 There are 45 students in our class, out ________ only 10 are taking an optional art course.
7 Her mother works in a company, ________ employees are all women.
8 It is vital to learn to use these software programmes, both _______ can help you with
collection and evaluation.
2 Decide whether the sentences are right or wrong. Correct them where necessary.
2
1 Please write down these phrases, all of them will be useful in your writing.
2 As a consequence of sending in his application late, he did not get a patent for his invention,
that was not surprising at all.
3 The researchers are evaluating thousands of plants, which have distinct medical properties.
4 The gentle old man is the only person, whom I can trust.
5 Have you done all what you can to help the people in need
6 Is this the botanical institute where you visited last week
∧
and
(构成并列句)
which
(构成主从复合句)
which
(非限定性从句不能用that引导)
√
that
(去掉逗号，是限定性定语从句)
that
(what引导的是名词性从句，特指某一整体事物，不能加all)
that / which
(引导词作visited的宾语，不能用副词)
(若这样的植物只有成千上万种则用非限定性从句，若不止成千上万种，则用限定性从句)
P. 62
课后反思(A级)
①A：The woman is our English teacher. B: You saw her at the school gate this morning.
The woman (who/that) you saw at the school gate this morning is our English teacher.
②A: He has just bought a new car. B: The car costs over 300,000 yuan.
He has just bought a new car, which costs over 300,000 yuan
③A: Tom failed to pass the driving test. B: This made his parents worried.
Tom failed to pass the driving test, which made his parents worried.
④A: I found a book on the desk. B: Its cover was torn.
I found the book whose cover was torn on the desk.
⑤A: We had dinner at a restaurant last night. B: The service there was excellent.
We had dinner at a restaurant last night, where the service was excellent.
⑥A: The company announced new policies last month. B: These have improved worker efficiency significantly.
The company announced new policies last month, which have improved worker efficiency significantly.
课后反思(A级)
①屠呦呦是发现青蒿素的那位科学家。
Tu Youyou is the scientist who discovered artemisinin.
②我上周读的那本书讲述了中医知识。
The book which I read last week talks about traditional Chinese medicine.
③疟疾在蚊子快速繁殖的地区传播最快。（mosquito蚊子；breed繁殖）
Malaria spreads fastest where mosquitoes breed rapidly.
课后反思(B级)
④受古籍启发的屠呦呦于1967年开始了她的研究。
Tu Youyou, who was inspired by ancient texts, started her research in 1967.
⑤在中医被广泛实践的时期，屠呦呦进行了实验。
During the period when traditional Chinese medicine was widely practiced, Tu Youyou conducted experiments.
⑥她曾在北京大学学习生物学，该校后来支持了她的工作。
She studied biology at Peking University, which supported her work later.
课后反思(B级)
Thanks!
Unit 1 People of Achievement
Discovering useful structures
非限制性定语从句
Review
The woman who is receiving the prize is Tu Youyou.
先行词
定语从句
关系词
关系代词
关系副词
who/whom
which/that
whose/as
where
when
why
引导作用(引导定语从句)
替代作用(替代先行词)
在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用
Function
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词
修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句,其作用相当于形容词
Review
定语从句的引导词
关系代词
关系副词
指人
指物
who (主语, 宾语) whom (宾语)
that (主语, 宾语)
whose (定语)
as (主语, 宾语, 表语)
which (主语, 宾语) that (主语, 宾语) whose (定语)
as (主语, 宾语, 表语)
where (地点状语)
when ( 时间状语)
why (原因状语)
1. Look at the girl _________ is singing so beautifully.
2. He gave me a pen ___________ he bought last week.
3. Mary has read all the books ______ I lent her.
4. Jim is the boy ______ hat is red.
5. Do you know the woman ______ our teacher is talking to
who/that
that/which
that
whose
whom
关系代词在定语从句中代替先行词做主语、宾语、表语或定语。先行词做主宾表, 是人时用 _____, ______ 或 _____; 是物时用 ______ 或 ______。先行词作定语, 表示“…… 的”时, 用 ______。
which
that
whose
6. Is it the reason ______________ you were late
7. I remember that day _______________ I suddenly felt like German was no longer a foreign language.
8. We walked in a garden _______________ many trees and flowers had been planted.
why/for which
where/in which
when/on which
关系副词在定语从句中代替先行词做状语。先行词作原因状语时用_____；作地点状语时用 _______；作时间状语时, 用 ______。还可以用____________来替换关系副词。
why
where
介词+which
1. They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against the disease.
2. Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common.
explore
他们测试了数百种在这场战斗中显示出希望的中国药物对抗疾病。
屠呦呦前往海南,那的疟疾更为常见。
限制性定从和非限制性定从的区别
01
形式不同
限制性定从与其先行词关系密切，无逗号隔开，
非限制性定从与其先行词关系不密切，有逗号隔开。
01
意义不同
1. I saw the guy who delivers
my mail yesterday.
2. I'll always remember the
river where we learned to
swim.
which guy
which river
1. Paris, where I spent six
months studying, is the most
beautiful city in the world.
2. The woman ,
whose children are the same
age as yours, invited us over
for dinner next week.
若去掉，句子含义不明确
若去掉，不影响句子含义
Restrictive relative clause
Non-restrictive relative clause
在限制性定语从句中，去掉主句，主句意思表达不完整。在非限制定语从句中，去掉从句，不影响句子含义。
02
先行词不同
限制性定从的先行词一般是名词或代词，
非限制性定从的先行词既可以是名词或代词, 也可是整个句子。
Mexico is a city, which has a lot of attractions.
He was late again, which made the teacher very unhappy.
03
翻译不同
In the class there are ten students who/that speak English very well.
2. In the class there are ten students, who speak English very well.
翻译：
含义：
翻译：
含义：
这个班有10名英语说的好的学生。学生
修饰限定，班上不只有10名学生，但只有这10名学生英语说得好。
这个班有10名学生，他们英语说得很好。
补充说明，班上只有10个学生，补充他们的英语说得好。
限制性定从译成先行词的定语：“……的 ”。
非限制性定从通常译成主句的并列句。
04
关系词不同
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
关系词可以用that,why 不能用that,why引导，why要用for which代替
关系词作宾语可以省略 不可以省略
指人作宾语，可用who/whom/that 指人作宾语，用who/whom
注意在“介＋关系代词”结构中。只能用whom
补充1：as和which引导非限制性定从的区别
as which
表方式、比较或例证（如“正如；像...一样”），仅为关联词，在从句中不作成分 表“这/那件事”，指代先行词并在从句中充当成分
句首，句中，句尾 先行词后
通常为整个主句 主句中的一部分或整个主句
不可以加介词引导从句 可以加介词引导从句
as常见搭配
众所周知
正如你所知道的那样
正如所预料的那样
正如我们所期待的
正如上面所提到的
正如报道/所说的那样
正如一句谚语所说/俗话说
正如指出的
正如你所看见的
情况通常如此
as or which
①正如大家所看到的那样，她工作一直很努力。
She is always working hard，____ everyone can see.
②这本书很有教育意义，是我昨天买的。
The book，______ I bought yesterday, is very instructive.
③她的诚实是大家有目共睹的。
______ everyone can see, she is honest.
= She is honest，_______ everyone can see.
④众所周知，吸烟有害健康。
______ we all know，smoking is harmful to one's health.
⑤汤姆突然病倒了，这让我们很伤心。
Tom suddenly fell ill，_______ made us very sad.
as
which
As
as
As
which
补充3：“介词+关系代词(which/whom)”结构,介词后关系代词的选择：指人用whom, 指物用which.
Her sons, both of _______ work abroad, ring her up every week.
Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of _______ recovered.
China has 34 provinces, some of _______ are pretty poor.
tip: 以上结构一般用于引导非限制性定语从句。
Practice
whom
whom
which
补充3：“介词+关系代词(which/whom)”结构中,介词的确定。
about
（care about）
in
（live in）
Practice
补充3：“介词+关系代词(which/whom)”结构中,介词的确定。
2）根据从句中的形容词的搭配习惯确定介词。
I introduced some subjects to her, ______ which she may be interested.
His achievements, ______ which his parents are extremely proud, inspired others in the community.
in
of
(be interested in)
(be proud of)
Practice
补充3：“介词+关系代词(which/whom)”结构中,介词的确定。
3）根据先行词的内容或语境确定介词。
The president said that he didn't need any reason, ______ which the plan couldn't be carried out.
They crossed the bridge, ______ which hung many lanterns.
We arrived at midnight, ______ which time the party started.
for
over
at
(for any reason)
（"over" 由句意决定,over the bridge跨过桥梁上方）
（"at" 因先行词而选定,at midnight在午夜）
Summary
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
形式上
意义上
作用上
翻译上
关系词
无逗号
有逗号
去掉从句，主句意思不完整不明确
去掉从句，主句意思仍然完整清楚
修饰限定
只修饰一个名词或代词
补充说明
可修饰一个词，也可修饰整个句子
译为“……的”
常译成与主句并列的句子
作宾语时可省略
who不能在从句中做宾语,关系词一般不可省略，不能用that, why引导
定语从句的关系词总结
指人 指物 在定语从句中作的成分
who
whom
whose
that
which
指原因 指地点 指时间 在定语从句中的作用
where
when
why
√
√
√
√
√
（或指代整个主句）
主语
宾语
定语
√
√
地点状语
时间状语
宾语
表语
√
主语
主语
宾语
宾语
表语
表语
√
√
原因状语
= 介词+ which
注意：that，why 不能在非限制性定语从句中使用；why要用for which替代;关系词一般不可省略。
1. The famous basketball star, _____ is an American, came to China yesterday.
2. They are always smoking, ______, of course, will do harm to their health.
3. He will come to see me next July, _____ he won't be so busy.
4. The number of smokers, ______is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
which
who
Fill in the blanks with proper relative words.
when
as
5. He wrote many children's books, nearly half of________were published in the 1990s.
6. Mr King, ________ legs were badly hurt,was quickly taken to hospital.
7. Yesterday, they went out to have a picnic in the park, _____________
they had a good time.
which
whose
where/in which
迁移运用
Choose the words in the box to complete the sentences. P62
who whom which whose when where in / of / for which of whom
1
which
who(m)
when
whose
in which
of whom
of which
in which
where
where
1 Some people always talk loudly in public, ________ is really annoying.
2 Professor Lu, ________ you spoke to, specialises in constitutional law.
3 Please come back at four o’clock, ________ your herbal medicine will be ready.
4 What do you want to write about these people, ________ stories I have just told you
5 Have you been to the Louvre Museum, ________ you can see the Mona Lisa on display
6 There are 45 students in our class, out ________ only 10 are taking an optional art course.
7 Her mother works in a company, ________ employees are all women.
8 It is vital to learn to use these software programmes, both _______ can help you with
collection and evaluation.
2 Decide whether the sentences are right or wrong. Correct them where necessary.
2
1 Please write down these phrases, all of them will be useful in your writing.
2 As a consequence of sending in his application late, he did not get a patent for his invention,
that was not surprising at all.
3 The researchers are evaluating thousands of plants, which have distinct medical properties.
4 The gentle old man is the only person, whom I can trust.
5 Have you done all what you can to help the people in need
6 Is this the botanical institute where you visited last week
∧
and
(构成并列句)
which
(构成主从复合句)
which
(非限定性从句不能用that引导)
√
that
(去掉逗号，是限定性定语从句)
that
(what引导的是名词性从句，特指某一整体事物，不能加all)
that / which
(引导词作visited的宾语，不能用副词)
(若这样的植物只有成千上万种则用非限定性从句，若不止成千上万种，则用限定性从句)
P. 62
课后反思(A级)
①A：The woman is our English teacher. B: You saw her at the school gate this morning.
The woman (who/that) you saw at the school gate this morning is our English teacher.
②A: He has just bought a new car. B: The car costs over 300,000 yuan.
He has just bought a new car, which costs over 300,000 yuan
③A: Tom failed to pass the driving test. B: This made his parents worried.
Tom failed to pass the driving test, which made his parents worried.
④A: I found a book on the desk. B: Its cover was torn.
I found the book whose cover was torn on the desk.
⑤A: We had dinner at a restaurant last night. B: The service there was excellent.
We had dinner at a restaurant last night, where the service was excellent.
⑥A: The company announced new policies last month. B: These have improved worker efficiency significantly.
The company announced new policies last month, which have improved worker efficiency significantly.
课后反思(A级)
①屠呦呦是发现青蒿素的那位科学家。
Tu Youyou is the scientist who discovered artemisinin.
②我上周读的那本书讲述了中医知识。
The book which I read last week talks about traditional Chinese medicine.
③疟疾在蚊子快速繁殖的地区传播最快。（mosquito蚊子；breed繁殖）
Malaria spreads fastest where mosquitoes breed rapidly.
课后反思(B级)
④受古籍启发的屠呦呦于1967年开始了她的研究。
Tu Youyou, who was inspired by ancient texts, started her research in 1967.
⑤在中医被广泛实践的时期，屠呦呦进行了实验。
During the period when traditional Chinese medicine was widely practiced, Tu Youyou conducted experiments.
⑥她曾在北京大学学习生物学，该校后来支持了她的工作。
She studied biology at Peking University, which supported her work later.
课后反思(B级)
Thanks!