Unit 1 Science and Scientists Using language 课件(共42张PPT，内镶嵌视频)人教版(2019)选择性必修第二册

(共42张PPT)
Using language
The father of China’s aerospace
Unit 1
Science and scientists
To write about what makes a great scientist
To learn some important words and sentence patterns
Lead-in
Think about the two following questions
What important personality and qualities Qian Xuesen had helped him earn the name of “the father of China’s aerospace”
What personality and qualities in Stephen Hawking helped him with his work and made him of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries
Lead-in
Think about the two following questions
Qian Xuesen Stephen Hawking
patriotic knowledgeable determined … gifted
brave
determined
…
Pre-reading
Watch the video and learn about Qian Xuesen.
Pre-reading
Watch the video and learn about Stephen Hawking.
Stephen Hawking (1942-2018)
physicist / mathematician
famous scientist known
for his theory about
black holes and big bangs:
A Brief History of Time
Pre-reading
Watch the video and learn about Stephen Hawking.
While-reading
Read the texts and decide if the statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. Qian changed his major because of a shift in personal interest.
2. Qian’s strong interest in art has a positive impact on a scientist’s development.
3. When Hawking was young, almost everyone believed that the universe began with a big bang.
4. Because Hawking was determined, he was able to succeed even though he was ill.
While-reading
Answer the questions below using the information from the texts.
1. Why was Qian called “the father of China’s aerospace”
2. How was Hawking’s own theory proven correct
Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets was based on his research.
Astronomers used their telescopes to prove his work on the big bang theory.
While-reading
Study the language and structure.
1. Underline the linking words and phrases in the passages, and describe their function.
However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, …
At that time, China was poor and its rocket science was undeveloped.
Nevertheless, Qian did not let that discourage him …
Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets …
While-reading
Study the language and structure.
1. Underline the linking words and phrases in the passages, and describe their function.
However, what might have made him such an outstanding …
In general, there were two main theories …
Besides being brilliant, he was brave, …
Furthermore, he was quite determined.
Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults.
While-reading
What is the linking word in a passage
衔接词语(linking words)是语篇衔接的纽带, 表达的逻辑意义包括时间关系、空间关系、列举和顺序、例证、递进、对比和转折、等同和替换、过渡和总结、结果和推论等, 其中多数是衔接性状语。
While-reading
Study the language and structure.
2. What is the function of each paragraph in the passages
Qian Xuesen
Para 1: Introduction
Paras 2-5: His personal history and accomplishments
Para 6: His personality
Para 7: His death and people's appreciation of him
Stephen Hawking
Para 1: Introduction
Para 2: His claim to fame
Para 3: Characteristics that made him great
While-reading
Study the language and structure.
3. Find words that describe the personalities of the scientists.
Qian Xuesen:
a man with "great scientific thought and scientific spirit" who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion; a pioneer; did not let that discourage him; determined; an outstanding and creative scientist; deep appreciation for art
While-reading
Study the language and structure.
3. Find words that describe the personalities of the scientists.
Stephen Hawking
brilliant; brave, sometimes careless in what he said or did; willing to say what others were afraid to say; dream of what others were afraid to dream about; quite determined; willing to admit his faults
Post-reading
Structure of an essay about scientific spirit.
Scientific Spirit
Paragraph 1: Brief introduction
Significance of the scientific spirit
& inspiration you get from it
Paragraph 2: Quality 1
Paragraph 3: Quality 2
Paragraph 4: Quality 3
…
Story
Story
Story
In time order, using linking words and phrases
Post-reading
Some useful expressions
scientific spirits
have a vivid imagination
have a strong intuition
statistical analysis
data collection
be curiosity and creativity
start out as a scientist
well-respected man
make a decision
be interested in
be willing to
be curious about
pay attention
be necessary for
be extremely knowledgeable
an outstanding and creative scientist
be familiar with
dream of
Language Points
1. However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realized that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.
break out：(of war, fighting or other unpleasant events) to start suddenly (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
happen, occur, take place 等动词 (短语)都表示“发生”，是不及物动词用法，没有被动语态。
break down 出故障；垮掉；失败
break into 强行闯入
break in (强行进入)打断，搅扰
break through 突破
break up (团体)解散；(关系)破裂
break away 突然挣脱；与……决裂
【语境应用】单句语法填空。
1) The fire broke __________ during the day, and therefore almost no one was injured.
2) His car broke __________ on the way this afternoon when he headed to the hospital.
3) The Union was made up of several countries at first, which broke __________ from it later because of conflicts.
4) We don’t know the reason why they have broken __________ with each other.
out
down
away
up
defend vt. to protect somebody/something from attack 保卫；防守
to say or write something in support of somebody/ something that has been criticized 辩解
defend… from/ against (doing)… 保护……免受……
defend oneself against sth 保护自己不受……；为自己辩护
e.g. Students should be ready to explain and defend their views.
We must defend our motherland from the enemy.
They tried to defend themselves against the enemy with all their might.
defence/ defense n. 防御；辩护；保卫
defense adj. 防御性的；自我保护的
【语境应用】单句语法填空。
1) The fort cannot be defended _____________ an air attack.
2) Like their children, parents are often _____________(defend) about their private lives.
3) The drunken man in worn-out clothes made a gesture in _____________ (defend).
against/from
defensive
defence
2. He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.
in charge of：主管；掌管
人+ in charge of +事
事+in the charge of + 人
e.g. Mr. Green is in charge of the column of the newspaper.
The column of the newspaper is in the charge of Mr. Green.
(1) take charge of 主管；负责
free of charge 免费 (=for free)
in/ under the charge of 由……负责/掌管
(2) charge sb for sth 因某事/某物向某人收费
charge sb with sth/ doing sth 指控某人(做)某事
【语境应用】单句语法填空。
1) Could I speak to whoever is ___________ charge of International Sales, please
2) The kitchen is in ___________ charge of the cook.
3) You can take as many as you like, because they are free ___________ charge.
4) The boss charged us five hundred yuan ___________ the electrical appliance.
5) He was charged ___________murder and sentenced to death.
in
the
of
for
with
3. Under Qian’s leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of Long March rockets.
followed by 过去分词短语作定语
(1) 单个的过去分词作定语时，常放在被修饰词之前；过去分词短语作定语时，常放在被修饰词之后。
e.g. It is not healthy to eat canned food.
The problem mentioned at the conference needs considering.
(2) 及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语没有被动意义，只表示完成。
e.g. His father once was a respected astronaut.
The gardener began to pile up the fallen leaves.
注意：某些表示人的情绪变化的动词，其过去分词作定语，表示人的某种心情、感受或者表情等，意为“……的”，这些动词的过去分词往往已经成为一个形容词了。
e.g. The embarrassed father stood there saying nothing.
(3) 过去分词(短语)作定语时，相当于一个定语从句。
e.g. The works shown at the exhibition are priceless.
= The works which / that were shown at the exhibition are priceless.
注意：
(1) 个别单词的过去分词，如shown, adopted, left, given, involved, wanted, gained, concerned等也可作后置定语。
e.g. He planned to use the money left to buy a second- hand motorbike.
(2) 过去分词修饰something, everything, anything, nothing, nobody等不定代词或指示代词those时，要放在这些词的后面。
e.g. If you have something wanted, I will buy it for you.
【语境应用】单句语法填空。
1) The experience ____________ (gain) through this journey will help me get over difficulties in life in the future.
2) There is a ____________ (satisfy) expression on her face. Clearly, the employee left a good impression on her.
gained
satisfied
3) Our teacher asked us to use the words ____________ (give) to make up sentences.
4) Is there anything ____________ (plan) for tonight
5) The ____________ (disappoint) woman covered her face with her hands and began to weep.
6) To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to look at a study ____________ (conduct) in Australia in 2012.
7) Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse ____________ (appoint) to guard her.
given
planned
disappointed
conducted
appointed
4. Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles, his world became one of abstract thought.
come down：to get an illness that is not very serious 患(病)；染上(小病)
e.g. He came down with a bad cold last week.
I think I’m coming down with flu.
come down 落下，降落；(价格、水平)下降，降低；(狂喜之后)平静下来
come across 偶遇；无意中发现
come about 发生 (常与how连用)
come on 快点儿；加油；得了吧
come up with 想出，想到
come out 出来；出版；被人所知
come to 共计；达到；苏醒
come over 来访，拜访
【语境应用】单句语法填空。
1) I watched the archaeologists come ___________ into the valley.
2) Is this your necklace, Mary I came ___________ it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.
3) I hope you can come up ___________ a better plan than this.
4) He came ___________ from France last week, just to see us.
down
across
with
over
5. Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults.
above all：most importantly 最重要的是
especially 尤其是
e.g. We go to school above all to learn how to learn, so that when we have left school, we can continue to learn.
Never waste anything, and above all never waste time.
all相关的其他常见短语：
after all 终究，还是；毕竟，别忘了
(not) at all 一点也(不)，完全(不)
all in all 总的来说，总而言之
in all 总共，合计
fist of all 首先，第一
【语境应用】单句语法填空。
1) The girl was anxious and began to tremble. _________ all, it was the first time that she had been on the stage.
2) All _________ all, working together is beneficial to both sides.
3) That hotel doesn’t rate five stars _________ all.
4) To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first _________ all has to know their strengths and weaknesses.
After
in
at
of
6. Qian changed his major because of a shift in personal interest.
shift n. a change in opinion, mood, policy, etc. 改变；转换
a period of time worked by a group of workers who start work as another group finishes 轮班
e.g. A sudden shift in the wind warned of the coming storm.
They were taking turns to be on the night shift.
shift vi. & vt. to move, or move something, from one position or place to another 转移；挪动
to change from one state, position, etc. to another 转向
shift about 四处飘荡
shift off (将……) 从……移走；推卸，逃避
shift to 使移向，使转向
e.g. He shifted his luggage up to his flat.
Someone has shifted my bicycle and I can’t find it.
They shifted about for several years.
The rain shifted dust off the street.
They deliberately shifted off the argument.
【语境应用】单句语法填空。
1) The day shift __________ (arrive) at eight o’clock.
2) When the wind shifted from south __________ north, it began to get cold.
3) The luggage might shift __________ in the overhead bin during the flight.
arrives
to
about