Unit 5 Revealing nature 同步词汇笔记(讲义,表格式) -2025-2026学年高二英语外研版选择性必修第一册

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名称 Unit 5 Revealing nature 同步词汇笔记(讲义,表格式) -2025-2026学年高二英语外研版选择性必修第一册
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UNIT 5 Revealing nature.同步词汇笔记
序号 单词 派生词 核心考点 单词速记 例句
1 seed /si d/ n. 种子,籽 无(高中阶段常见派生词) 1. sow seeds(播种)2. plant seeds(种种子) “植物繁殖的载体→种子” Farmers usually sow seeds in spring when the weather gets warm.(农民通常在天气变暖的春天播种。)
2 distant / d st nt/ adj. 遥远的;疏远的 distance / d st ns/ n. 距离;远方 1. distant place(遥远的地方)2. in the distant past(在遥远的过去) “空间或时间上离得远→遥远的” My grandparents live in a distant village, and we visit them once a year.(祖父母住在遥远的村庄,我们每年去看他们一次。)
3 answer the call 响应号召 无(短语) 1. answer the call of duty(响应职责的号召)2. answer the national call(响应国家号召) “回应他人或集体的召唤→响应号召” Many young people answered the call to volunteer in the disaster area.(许多年轻人响应号召,去灾区做志愿者。)
4 disgrace /d s ɡre s/ n. 丢脸,耻辱;v. 使丢脸 disgraceful /d s ɡre sfl/ adj. 丢脸的;不光彩的 1. be a disgrace(是耻辱,是丢脸的事)2. bring disgrace on sb(给某人带来耻辱) “让人丢脸的事或状态→丢脸,耻辱” Cheating in the exam is a disgrace to both yourself and the school.(考试作弊对你自己和学校来说都是耻辱。)
5 geologist /d i l d st/ n. 地质学家 1. geology /d i l d i/ n. 地质学2. geological / d i l d kl/ adj. 地质的 1. a famous geologist(著名地质学家)2. geologist's research(地质学家的研究) “研究地球地质的人→地质学家” The geologist spent years studying the rock layers in the mountain area.(这位地质学家花了数年时间研究山区的岩层。)
6 sample / sɑ mp( )l/ n. 样本;样品;v. 抽样 sampling / sɑ mpl / n. 抽样;品尝 1. sample of sth(某物的样本,如soil sample)2. collect samples(采集样本) “用于检测或研究的少量代表→样本” Scientists collected water samples from the river to test for pollution.(科学家从河里采集水样,检测污染情况。)
7 evolve /i v lv/ v. 进化;逐渐发展 evolution / i v lu ( )n/ n. 进化;发展 1. evolve from(从……进化而来,如evolve from apes)2. evolve into(进化成……,如evolve into a new species) “生物或事物逐渐变化→进化;发展” It is believed that humans evolved from ancient apes over millions of years.(人们认为人类是数百万年来从古代类人猿进化而来的。)
8 finch /f nt / n. 雀科鸣禽(如加拉帕戈斯雀) 无(高中阶段常见派生词) 1. Galapagos finch(加拉帕戈斯雀,生物进化研究典型)2. small finch(小型雀鸟) “小型、会鸣叫的雀类→雀科鸣禽” Darwin's study of Galapagos finches helped him develop the theory of evolution.(达尔文对加拉帕戈斯雀的研究帮助他提出了进化论。)
9 beak /bi k/ n. 鸟嘴,喙 无(高中阶段常见派生词) 1. bird's beak(鸟的喙)2. sharp beak(锋利的喙,如eagle's beak) “鸟类取食的器官→鸟嘴,喙” The parrot used its strong beak to crack open the nut.(鹦鹉用坚硬的喙啄开了坚果。)
10 suspect /s spekt/ v. 猜想,怀疑,觉得;/ s spekt/ n. 嫌疑人 suspicion /s sp n/ n. 怀疑;疑心 1. suspect sb of doing sth(怀疑某人做某事,如suspect him of lying)2. I suspect that(我猜想……,如I suspect that he is ill) “认为某事可能发生或某人有问题→怀疑,猜想” The police suspect that the man stole the valuable painting from the museum.(警方怀疑这名男子从博物馆偷走了珍贵的画作。)
11 ancestor / nsest / n.(动物的)原种,祖先;祖宗 ancestral / n sestr l/ adj. 祖先的;祖传的 1. human ancestor(人类祖先)2. animal ancestor(动物原种) “生物的早期祖先或物种→原种,祖先” Our ancient ancestors lived in caves and used stone tools for hunting.(我们的远古祖先住在洞穴里,用石器打猎。)
12 evolution / i v lu ( )n/ n. 进化(论);发展 evolutionary / i v lu nri/ adj. 进化的;发展的 1. theory of evolution(进化论,Darwin's theory)2. evolution of species(物种进化) “生物逐渐演变的过程→进化(论)” Darwin's theory of evolution explains how species adapt to their environment over time.(达尔文的进化论解释了物种如何随时间适应环境。)
13 generate / d en re t/ v. 产生,创造;发电 generation / d en re n/ n. 一代;产生 1. generate electricity(发电,如wind generate electricity)2. generate ideas(产生想法) “创造出能量、想法等→产生,创造” This wind farm can generate enough electricity to power 10,000 homes.(这个风电场能发足够的电,供1万户家庭使用。)
14 characteristic / k r kt r st k/ n. 特征,特性;adj. 典型的 character / k r kt (r)/ n. 性格;角色 1. characteristic of sth(某物的特征,如characteristic of cats)2. main characteristic(主要特征) “事物区别于其他的特点→特征,特性” Agility and quick reflexes are important characteristics of cats.(敏捷和快速反应是猫的重要特征。)
15 decline /d kla n/ v. 减少;下降;拒绝;n. 下降 无(高中阶段常见派生词) 1. decline in number(数量减少,如decline in bird numbers)2. decline an invitation(拒绝邀请) “数量变少或拒绝某事→减少;拒绝” The number of this rare bird has declined sharply due to habitat loss.(由于栖息地丧失,这种珍稀鸟类的数量急剧减少。)
16 tortoise / t t s/ n. 陆龟 无(高中阶段常见派生词) 1. giant tortoise(巨型陆龟,固定搭配)2. land tortoise(陆龟,区别于turtle海龟) “生活在陆地的乌龟→陆龟” The Galapagos giant tortoise is one of the longest-living animals on Earth.(加拉帕戈斯巨型陆龟是地球上寿命最长的动物之一。)
17 blame /ble m/ v. 责怪,指责;把……归咎于;n. 责备 blameful / ble mfl/ adj. 该受责备的(少见) 1. blame sb for sth(因某事责怪某人,如blame him for the mistake)2. take the blame(承担责任) “把错误归给某人→责怪,指责” Don't blame him for the accident—he wasn't driving the car.(别因这起事故责怪他,当时不是他在开车。)
18 goat /ɡ t/ n. 山羊 goat milk / ɡ t m lk/ n. 山羊奶(复合词) 1. milk goat(奶山羊)2. raise goats(养山羊) “常见家畜,产奶或肉→山羊” Farmers in this area raise goats to get milk and wool.(这个地区的农民养山羊,获取羊奶和羊毛。)
19 be native to 源于……的,原产于…… 无(短语) be native to + 地点(原产于某地,如be native to China) “生物或事物起源于某地→原产于……” Pandas are native to China and can only be found in certain mountain areas.(熊猫原产于中国,仅在特定山区能见到。)
20 primitive / pr m t v/ adj. 原始的,低等的;简陋的 primitively / pr m t vli/ adv. 原始地;简陋地 1. primitive society(原始社会)2. primitive tools(原始工具,如stone tools) “早期、简单的→原始的,简陋的” Primitive humans used primitive tools made of stone and wood to survive.(原始人用石头和木头做的简陋工具生存。)
21 worldwide / w ld wa d/ adv. 遍及全世界;adj. 全球的 无(高中阶段常见派生词) 1. worldwide famous(世界闻名,如worldwide famous singer)2. sell worldwide(全球销售) “覆盖整个世界→遍及全世界” This new smartphone model sells worldwide and is very popular among young people.(这款新智能手机全球销售,在年轻人中很受欢迎。)
22 giant / d a nt/ adj. 巨大的,特大的;n. 巨人 无(高中阶段常见派生词) 1. giant tree(大树)2. giant company(大公司,如giant tech company) “体积或规模很大的→巨大的” A giant rock blocked the road, so we had to find another way.(一块巨石挡住了路,我们不得不另找路线。)
23 giant tortoise / d a nt t t s/ 巨型陆龟 无(短语) Galapagos giant tortoise(加拉帕戈斯巨型陆龟,生物常识) “体型巨大的陆龟→巨型陆龟” Giant tortoises can live for more than 100 years if they are not harmed.(如果不受伤害,巨型陆龟能活100多年。)
24 mangrove / m ɡr v/ n. 红树(热带水生树木) mangrove forest / m ɡr v f r st/ n. 红树林(复合词) 1. mangrove forest(红树林)2. protect mangroves(保护红树) “生长在热带水边的树木→红树” Mangrove forests play an important role in protecting coastal areas from storms.(红树林在保护海岸免受风暴侵袭方面发挥重要作用。)
25 iguana / ɡwɑ n / n. 鬣蜥(大型热带美洲蜥蜴) 无(高中阶段常见派生词) 1. green iguana(绿鬣蜥,常见品种)2. feed an iguana(喂鬣蜥) “大型、热带的蜥蜴→鬣蜥” Green iguanas mainly feed on plants and live in tropical rainforests.(绿鬣蜥主要以植物为食,生活在热带雨林中。)
26 comb-like / k mla k/ adj. 梳状的 无(高中阶段常见派生词) comb-like structure(梳状结构,如comb-like leaves) “形状像梳子的→梳状的” The leaves of this plant have a special comb-like edge that helps it collect water.(这种植物的叶子有特殊的梳状边缘,帮助它收集水分。)
27 spine /spa n/ n.(动植物的)刺,刺毛;脊柱 spineless / spa nl s/ adj. 无 spine 的;懦弱的(少见) 1. cactus spine(仙人掌刺)2. human spine(人的脊柱) “动植物的尖刺或人的脊柱→刺;脊柱” Be careful not to touch the cactus's spines—they can hurt your fingers.(小心别碰仙人掌的刺,会扎伤手指。)
28 myth /m θ/ n.(古代的)神话;虚构的故事 mythical / m θ kl/ adj. 神话的;虚构的 1. Greek myth(希腊神话)2. ancient myth(古代神话) “古代人编造的神或英雄故事→神话” Many children love listening to stories from Greek myths, like the story of Zeus.(很多孩子喜欢听希腊神话故事,比如宙斯的故事。)
29 legend / led nd/ n. 传说,传奇(故事);传奇人物 legendary / led ndri/ adj. 传奇的;著名的 1. folk legend(民间传说)2. legendary hero(传奇英雄) “流传已久的传奇故事或人物→传说,传奇” There is a legend that a treasure is hidden in this old castle.(有个传说,这座古堡里藏着宝藏。)
30 detect /d tekt/ v. 发现,察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物) 1. detection /d tek n/ n. 发现;检测2. detective /d tekt v/ n. 侦探 1. detect a problem(发现问题,如detect a fault in the machine)2. detect a smell(察觉气味) “发现难以注意到的事物→察觉,发现” The advanced machine can detect even the smallest fault in the engine.(这台先进的机器能检测出发动机中哪怕最小的故障。)
31 wasp /w sp/ n. 黄蜂,胡蜂 无(高中阶段常见派生词) 1. a nest of wasps(黄蜂巢)2. wasp sting(黄蜂蜇伤) “带刺、会蜇人的昆虫→黄蜂” We had to call a professional to remove the wasp nest from our roof.(我们不得不请专业人士把屋顶上的黄蜂巢移走。)
32 pesticide / pest sa d/ n. 杀虫剂,农药 无(高中阶段常见派生词) 1. organic pesticide(有机杀虫剂)2. use pesticide(使用农药) “杀死害虫的化学药剂→杀虫剂,农药” Farmers should use pesticide carefully to avoid polluting the environment.(农民应谨慎使用农药,避免污染环境。)
33 root /ru t/ n. 根;根源;v. 生根 rooted / ru t d/ adj. 生根的;根深蒂固的 1. tree root(树根)2. root of a problem(问题的根源) “植物吸收水分的部分或问题的源头→根;根源” The tree's long roots help it stay firm in the ground during strong winds.(树的长根帮助它在大风中稳固地扎根在土里。)
34 chilli / t li/ n. 辣椒;辣椒粉 chilli sauce / t li s s/ n. 辣椒酱(复合词) 1. hot chilli(辣椒)2. add chilli(加辣椒) “辛辣的蔬菜或调料→辣椒” He likes to add some chilli to his noodles to make them more flavorful.(他喜欢在面条里加些辣椒,让味道更浓郁。)
35 link /l k/ v. 把……联系起来;连接;n. 联系;链接 linkage / l k d / n. 联系;连接(少见) 1. link A with B(把A和B联系起来,如link smoking with cancer)2. a link between(……之间的联系) “建立事物间的关联→联系,连接” Recent studies have linked regular exercise with better mental health.(最近的研究将规律运动与更好的心理健康联系起来。)
36 fungus / f ɡ s/ n. 真菌(复数 fungi / f nd a /) fungal / f ɡ( )l/ adj. 真菌的(后续词汇) 1. edible fungus(食用菌,如mushroom)2. harmful fungus(有害真菌) “微生物,如蘑菇、霉菌→真菌” Mushrooms are a type of edible fungus that many people enjoy eating.(蘑菇是一种食用菌,很多人喜欢吃。)
37 fungal / f ɡ( )l/ adj. 真菌的;由真菌引起的 fungus / f ɡ s/ n. 真菌(前文词汇) 1. fungal infection(真菌感染,如athletes' foot)2. fungal disease(真菌病害) “与真菌相关的→真菌的” Athlete's foot is a common fungal infection that affects the skin between the toes.(脚气是常见的真菌感染,影响脚趾间的皮肤。)
38 cybercrime / sa b kra m/ n. 网络犯罪 无(高中阶段常见派生词) 1. prevent cybercrime(预防网络犯罪)2. fight against cybercrime(打击网络犯罪) “在网络上进行的犯罪→网络犯罪” The police have set up a special team to fight against cybercrime, such as online fraud.(警方成立了专门团队打击网络犯罪,如网络诈骗。)
39 centimetre / sent mi t / n. 厘米(缩写 cm) 无(单位名词无派生词) 1. a few centimetres(几厘米,如3 centimetres)2. in centimetres(以厘米为单位) “长度单位,1米=100厘米→厘米” This pencil is about 15 centimetres long, which is easy for children to hold.(这支铅笔约15厘米长,孩子拿起来很方便。)