【学霸笔记】第二部分 单元话题阅读 5人与自然：自然灾害 星期四 阅读理解（含解析）高中英语人教版必修第一册-高中同步周周测
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| 名称 | 【学霸笔记】第二部分 单元话题阅读 5人与自然：自然灾害 星期四 阅读理解（含解析）高中英语人教版必修第一册-高中同步周周测 |
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| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 18.7KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-10-28 00:00:00 | ||
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星期四 阅读理解
(分值：20分)
(每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
For decades，climate scientists have named hurricanes and ranked them according to the damage.“Naming and categorizing(把……归类) heat waves is also a must，” states a newly formed international union，called the Extreme Heat Resilience Alliance.“Hurricanes get attention because they cause obvious physical damage，” says Jennifer Marlon，a climate scientist at Yale University.Heat waves，however，have less evident effects，since the primary damage is to human health.
Heat waves kill more people in the United States than any other weather-related disaster.Data from the National Weather Service show that from 1986 to 2019，there were 4,257 deaths as a result of heat.By comparison，there were fewer deaths by floods (2,907)，tornadoes (2,203) or hurricanes (1,405) over the same period.What’s more，climate change is increasing the possibility of high temperature events worldwide，getting tens of thousands of people dying each year because of heat.
Some populations are particularly easily harmed by high heat，including people over 65 and those with potential medical conditions.Historical racial discrimination also puts minority communities at higher risk.Due to housing policies，they are more likely to live in urban areas，heat islands which lack green spaces that help cool down neighborhoods.
Part of the naming and ranking process will include defining exactly what a heat wave is.No single definition currently exists.Without a universally accepted definition of a heat wave，“We don’t have a common understanding of the danger we face，” says Aaron Bernstein，an expert of the new group.“Defined categories for heat waves could help local officials better prepare to deal with potential health problems in the face of rising temperatures.And naming and categorizing heat waves could increase public awareness of the health risks caused by these silent killers.”
The union is having conversations with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration，the World Meteorological Organization and other institutions to develop a standard naming and ranking practice.
1．What do we know about the heat wave in America
A. It causes most serious physical damage.
B．It has got more attention in recent years.
C．It kills more people than other natural disasters.
D．It is the biggest killer among weather-related disasters.
2．Why are minority populations easily harmed by heat waves
A. They live in poorly-built houses.
B．They lack good medical resources.
C．They have less access to green spaces.
D．They are limited in their movements.
3．What is the author’s attitude towards the expert mentioned in paragraph 4
A．Supportive. B．Negative.
C．Conservative. D．Objective.
4．What does the text intend to tell us about heat waves
A. They also kill lives like hurricanes.
B．They should have names like hurricanes.
C．Climate change is affecting them greatly.
D．Measures should be taken to prevent them.
读写积累 1．name n．名字；名声；名人 v．给……取名；叫出……的名称；确定；提名 2．rank v．把……分等级，属于某等级 3．must 熟义：aux.必须，一定 生义：n.必不可少的事物(本文为此义) 4．definition n．定义；释义 5．by comparison 相比之下，比较起来 6．what’s more 更重要的是 7．put...at high risk 使……处于高风险 8．Part of the naming and ranking process will include defining exactly what a heat wave is. 句式结构：what引导宾语从句。 句子翻译：命名和排名过程的一部分将包括准确定义什么是热浪。
B
Rivers are very important.Humans rely on them for food and water.But rivers can destroy things，too.They can flood，or rise over their banks，making the water run into the nearby land.Floods can also kill humans and wildlife.However，floods are not always bad.Some ecosystems need them every once in a while.
Flooding can not only drown animals but also destroy habitats.For example，a flood in India in 2012 killed many one-horned rhinos.Flood waters can pick up dirt from riverbanks，which makes the water dirty.Too much dirt will clog rivers and streams，preventing the river from flowing.Sometimes flood waters can carry pollution to the sea and harm marine life.In addition，flood waters can carry disease，including hepatitis A(甲型肝炎，甲肝) and cholera(霍乱)．
However，not everything about floods is bad.Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems.Flood waters carry nutrients to the nearby land.Over time，the water dries up and leaves behind particles(微粒) of dirt and mud.The particles are called sediment(沉淀物) which can be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and helps plants grow.Floods are important to some animals as well.For instance，some animals see floods as a sign that it is time to mate or migrate.Floods leave sediment on river beds where baby fish can grow and carry nutrients for small animals in the water to eat.Moreover，in dry seasons，water might dry up，but floods help refill the wetlands，keeping the ecosystem going.
Floods are a part of nature.They can destroy living things and the environment.But some ecosystems need floods to survive.
5．What’s the possible meaning of the underlined word “clog” in paragraph 2
A．Become. B．Pollute.
C．Block. D．Develop.
6．How do floods help ecosystems
A. Nutrients carried by floods can make soil richer.
B．Floods make all the animals migrate more easily.
C．Tiny fish going with floods feed some animals.
D．Floods can improve the dirt and help plants grow.
7．What’s the main idea of paragraph 3
A. The way in which floods feed animals.
B．The benefits of floods to ecosystems.
C．An effective means of improving soil.
D．The reason for people’s appreciating floods.
8．What’s the best title of this article
A. The Many Effects of Flooding
B．The Secret of Flooding
C．Floods—Not Everything Is So Bad
D．Floods—a Part of Nature
读写积累 1．ecosystem n．生态系统 2．marine adj.海洋的 3．rely on 依靠，依赖 4．pick up 捡起；获得；收拾；(用车)接(某人)；不费力地学会 5．in addition 另外，此外 6．due to 由于
答案精析
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍有关组织和科学家表示，高温应该像飓风一样进行命名和分类，也介绍了高温所带来的危害以及对高温进行命名和分类会带来的好处。
1．D [细节理解题。根据第二段中第一句可知，在美国，热浪是与天气有关的灾害中最大的杀手。故选D。]
2．C [细节理解题。根据第三段中最后一句可知，少数民族容易受到高温的伤害是因为他们生活的地方缺少绿色空间。故选C。]
3．A [观点态度题。根据第四段可知，作者认为对高温应该进行命名和排名，所以对第四段中提到的专家的态度是支持的。故选A。]
4．B [推理判断题。根据第一段并结合文章主要介绍了有关组织和科学家表示，高温应该像飓风一样进行命名和分类，还介绍了高温所带来的危害以及对高温进行命名和分类会带来的好处可知，这篇文章想告诉我们高温应该像飓风一样有名字。故选B。]
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作为大自然的一部分，洪水对于生态系统既有好处也有坏处。
5．C [词义猜测题。根据第二段中画线词所在句以及前一句可知，洪水会沿途吸收泥土，而太多的泥土会堵塞河道，以至于河水流淌出现困难。由此可推测此处的clog的意思应该是“堵塞”。故选C。]
6．A [细节理解题。根据第三段中的前四句可知，洪水沿途所携带的营养物质可以使土壤更丰富，从而更好地帮助生态系统。故选A。]
7．B [段落大意题。根据第三段中的第一句和“Floods are important to some animals as well.”以及最后一句可知，本段主要讲的是洪水对于生态系统的好处。故选B。]
8．D [标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章前两段主要讲洪水对于生态系统不利的方面，第三段主要讲洪水对于生态系统的益处，文章最后一段总结全文，点明主题——洪水是大自然的一部分。所以“洪水是大自然的一部分”作为标题最合适。故选D。]
(分值：20分)
(每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
For decades，climate scientists have named hurricanes and ranked them according to the damage.“Naming and categorizing(把……归类) heat waves is also a must，” states a newly formed international union，called the Extreme Heat Resilience Alliance.“Hurricanes get attention because they cause obvious physical damage，” says Jennifer Marlon，a climate scientist at Yale University.Heat waves，however，have less evident effects，since the primary damage is to human health.
Heat waves kill more people in the United States than any other weather-related disaster.Data from the National Weather Service show that from 1986 to 2019，there were 4,257 deaths as a result of heat.By comparison，there were fewer deaths by floods (2,907)，tornadoes (2,203) or hurricanes (1,405) over the same period.What’s more，climate change is increasing the possibility of high temperature events worldwide，getting tens of thousands of people dying each year because of heat.
Some populations are particularly easily harmed by high heat，including people over 65 and those with potential medical conditions.Historical racial discrimination also puts minority communities at higher risk.Due to housing policies，they are more likely to live in urban areas，heat islands which lack green spaces that help cool down neighborhoods.
Part of the naming and ranking process will include defining exactly what a heat wave is.No single definition currently exists.Without a universally accepted definition of a heat wave，“We don’t have a common understanding of the danger we face，” says Aaron Bernstein，an expert of the new group.“Defined categories for heat waves could help local officials better prepare to deal with potential health problems in the face of rising temperatures.And naming and categorizing heat waves could increase public awareness of the health risks caused by these silent killers.”
The union is having conversations with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration，the World Meteorological Organization and other institutions to develop a standard naming and ranking practice.
1．What do we know about the heat wave in America
A. It causes most serious physical damage.
B．It has got more attention in recent years.
C．It kills more people than other natural disasters.
D．It is the biggest killer among weather-related disasters.
2．Why are minority populations easily harmed by heat waves
A. They live in poorly-built houses.
B．They lack good medical resources.
C．They have less access to green spaces.
D．They are limited in their movements.
3．What is the author’s attitude towards the expert mentioned in paragraph 4
A．Supportive. B．Negative.
C．Conservative. D．Objective.
4．What does the text intend to tell us about heat waves
A. They also kill lives like hurricanes.
B．They should have names like hurricanes.
C．Climate change is affecting them greatly.
D．Measures should be taken to prevent them.
读写积累 1．name n．名字；名声；名人 v．给……取名；叫出……的名称；确定；提名 2．rank v．把……分等级，属于某等级 3．must 熟义：aux.必须，一定 生义：n.必不可少的事物(本文为此义) 4．definition n．定义；释义 5．by comparison 相比之下，比较起来 6．what’s more 更重要的是 7．put...at high risk 使……处于高风险 8．Part of the naming and ranking process will include defining exactly what a heat wave is. 句式结构：what引导宾语从句。 句子翻译：命名和排名过程的一部分将包括准确定义什么是热浪。
B
Rivers are very important.Humans rely on them for food and water.But rivers can destroy things，too.They can flood，or rise over their banks，making the water run into the nearby land.Floods can also kill humans and wildlife.However，floods are not always bad.Some ecosystems need them every once in a while.
Flooding can not only drown animals but also destroy habitats.For example，a flood in India in 2012 killed many one-horned rhinos.Flood waters can pick up dirt from riverbanks，which makes the water dirty.Too much dirt will clog rivers and streams，preventing the river from flowing.Sometimes flood waters can carry pollution to the sea and harm marine life.In addition，flood waters can carry disease，including hepatitis A(甲型肝炎，甲肝) and cholera(霍乱)．
However，not everything about floods is bad.Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems.Flood waters carry nutrients to the nearby land.Over time，the water dries up and leaves behind particles(微粒) of dirt and mud.The particles are called sediment(沉淀物) which can be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and helps plants grow.Floods are important to some animals as well.For instance，some animals see floods as a sign that it is time to mate or migrate.Floods leave sediment on river beds where baby fish can grow and carry nutrients for small animals in the water to eat.Moreover，in dry seasons，water might dry up，but floods help refill the wetlands，keeping the ecosystem going.
Floods are a part of nature.They can destroy living things and the environment.But some ecosystems need floods to survive.
5．What’s the possible meaning of the underlined word “clog” in paragraph 2
A．Become. B．Pollute.
C．Block. D．Develop.
6．How do floods help ecosystems
A. Nutrients carried by floods can make soil richer.
B．Floods make all the animals migrate more easily.
C．Tiny fish going with floods feed some animals.
D．Floods can improve the dirt and help plants grow.
7．What’s the main idea of paragraph 3
A. The way in which floods feed animals.
B．The benefits of floods to ecosystems.
C．An effective means of improving soil.
D．The reason for people’s appreciating floods.
8．What’s the best title of this article
A. The Many Effects of Flooding
B．The Secret of Flooding
C．Floods—Not Everything Is So Bad
D．Floods—a Part of Nature
读写积累 1．ecosystem n．生态系统 2．marine adj.海洋的 3．rely on 依靠，依赖 4．pick up 捡起；获得；收拾；(用车)接(某人)；不费力地学会 5．in addition 另外，此外 6．due to 由于
答案精析
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍有关组织和科学家表示，高温应该像飓风一样进行命名和分类，也介绍了高温所带来的危害以及对高温进行命名和分类会带来的好处。
1．D [细节理解题。根据第二段中第一句可知，在美国，热浪是与天气有关的灾害中最大的杀手。故选D。]
2．C [细节理解题。根据第三段中最后一句可知，少数民族容易受到高温的伤害是因为他们生活的地方缺少绿色空间。故选C。]
3．A [观点态度题。根据第四段可知，作者认为对高温应该进行命名和排名，所以对第四段中提到的专家的态度是支持的。故选A。]
4．B [推理判断题。根据第一段并结合文章主要介绍了有关组织和科学家表示，高温应该像飓风一样进行命名和分类，还介绍了高温所带来的危害以及对高温进行命名和分类会带来的好处可知，这篇文章想告诉我们高温应该像飓风一样有名字。故选B。]
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作为大自然的一部分，洪水对于生态系统既有好处也有坏处。
5．C [词义猜测题。根据第二段中画线词所在句以及前一句可知，洪水会沿途吸收泥土，而太多的泥土会堵塞河道，以至于河水流淌出现困难。由此可推测此处的clog的意思应该是“堵塞”。故选C。]
6．A [细节理解题。根据第三段中的前四句可知，洪水沿途所携带的营养物质可以使土壤更丰富，从而更好地帮助生态系统。故选A。]
7．B [段落大意题。根据第三段中的第一句和“Floods are important to some animals as well.”以及最后一句可知，本段主要讲的是洪水对于生态系统的好处。故选B。]
8．D [标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章前两段主要讲洪水对于生态系统不利的方面，第三段主要讲洪水对于生态系统的益处，文章最后一段总结全文，点明主题——洪水是大自然的一部分。所以“洪水是大自然的一部分”作为标题最合适。故选D。]