【学霸笔记】第二部分 单元话题阅读 5人与自然：自然灾害 星期一 阅读理解（含解析）高中英语人教版必修第一册-高中同步周周测
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| 名称 | 【学霸笔记】第二部分 单元话题阅读 5人与自然：自然灾害 星期一 阅读理解（含解析）高中英语人教版必修第一册-高中同步周周测 |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 18.5KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-09-26 16:19:52 | ||
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人与自然：自然灾害
星期一 阅读理解
(分值：20分)
(每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
The scientific study of earthquakes is comparatively new.Until the 18th century，few factual descriptions of earthquakes were recorded，and the natural causes of earthquakes were not well understood.
The earliest earthquake for which we have descriptive information occurred in China in 1177 BCE.The Chinese earthquake catalog(目录) describes several dozen large earthquakes in China during the next few thousand years.Earthquakes in Europe were mentioned as early as 580 BCE，but the earliest for which we have some descriptive information occurred in the mid-16th century.The earliest known earthquakes in the Americas were in Mexico in the late 14th century and in Peru in 1471，but descriptions of the effects were not well recorded.By the 17th century，descriptions of the effects of earthquakes were being published around the world.
The most widely felt earthquakes in the recorded history of North America were a series that occurred in 1811－1812 near New Madrid，Missouri.A great earthquake，whose magnitude(震级) is reported to have been about 8，occurred on the morning of December 16,1811.Another great earthquake occurred on January 23,1812，and a third，the strongest yet，on February 7,1812.Aftershocks(余震) were nearly continuous between these great earthquakes and continued for months afterwards.These earthquakes were felt by people as far away as Boston and Denver.Because the population in these regions was small，the destruction of human life and property was slight.
The San Francisco earthquake of 1906 was one of the most destructive in the recorded history of North America—the earthquake and the fire that followed killed nearly 700 people and left the city in ruins.
1．When did published descriptions of the effects of earthquakes become popular in the world
A．In the 1300s. B．In the 1400s.
C．In the 1500s. D．In the 1600s.
2．What do we know about the earthquakes in 1811－1812 in North America
A．They killed a large number of people.
B．They occurred in San Francisco.
C．They could be felt very far away.
D．They almost destroyed entire cities.
3．What can we infer from the passage
A. Few earthquakes were scientifically studied before the 18th century.
B．Earthquakes can be avoided with the development of technology.
C．Most of the early earthquakes caused little damage.
D．People haven’t found the causes of earthquakes so far.
4．What’s the best title for this passage
A．The Scientific Study of Earthquakes
B．Earthquakes in History
C．The Effects of Earthquakes on Humans
D．Why Earthquakes Occur
读写积累 1．factual adj.真实的；事实的 2．mention v．提到，谈到 3．publish v．出版，发行 4．destruction n．破坏，摧毁 5．slight adj.轻微的，略微的 6．A great earthquake，whose magnitude is reported to have been about 8，occurred on the morning of December 16,1811. 句式结构：whose引导定语从句。 句子翻译：一场大地震发生在1811年12月16日的早晨，据报道震级为8级。
B
Chongqing，a city of more than 32 million people，has faced an unheard-of test this summer with a heat wave and drought causing a series of large wildfires since Aug.17.
Local residents have safeguarded their hometown in every way possible，with thousands of volunteers from all walks of life fighting the fires with professionals.
Under a very hot sun，some residents used chain saws(锯) to fell trees to make fire barriers.Others rode motorcycles on newly formed paths to take firefighters and supplies up a mountain，while some volunteers carried food and drinks on their backs by foot.Women and children helped organize supplies and clear the ground，and performed other essential tasks.
On Thursday night，as wildfires approached a man-made barrier on Jinyun Mountain in Beibei district，a total of more than 1,000 firefighters and volunteers stood alongside the barrier with fire extinguishers.Seen from overhead，their lights formed a silver wall against the raging fire.
The residents’ stories have touched many people.
“Chongqing people are really amazing，” said Du Hailang，head of the Beijing Emergency Rescue Association，an NGO founded in 2007 that has taken part in many overseas rescue operations.Du and 10 other members of the association joined the fire rescue team in Chongqing last week.
“The man-made wall was unbelievable，but shocking.It really showed Chinese people’s determination to defend their homeland，” Du said.
The outstanding work of the volunteers and the hospitality of local residents impressed the firefighters，too...
Bai Xueguang，from Gansu Forest Fire Brigade，said，“I never imagined that I would have ice cream and cold drinks at a fire rescue site.”
Zhou Hongyu，from Yunnan Forest Fire Brigade，said every volunteer he met at the scene asked him if he needed anything.“It was the first time I had taken a motorcycle to reach a fire scene.We really appreciate the locals’ hospitality.Their support has been wonderful，” Zhou said.
5．What test that had never happened before did Chongqing face this summer
A．A heat wave. B．Drought.
C．Wildfires. D．Flood.
6．Why did the local residents actively participate in fighting the fires
A．To show their enthusiasm.
B．To impress professional firefighters.
C．To get paid from it.
D．To protect their homeland.
7．Which of the following best describes the volunteers in the fight against wildfires
A．Responsible and helpful.
B．Enthusiastic and faithful.
C．Reliable and honest.
D．Ambitious and determined.
8．What can we learn from the report
A．No pains，no gains.
B．Hard work pays off.
C．Love breaks down barriers.
D．Many hands make light work.
读写积累 1．essential adj.必不可少的，非常重要的 2．head n．熟义：头；头脑；顶部 生义：校长；领导人(本文为此义) 3．defend v．防御；保卫；防守；替……辩护；辩解 4．outstanding adj.杰出的，优秀的 5．hospitality n．殷勤；款待，好客 6．all walks of life 社会各界；各行各业 7．at the scene 在现场 8．It was the first time I had taken a motorcycle to reach a fire scene. 句式结构：“It was the first time that sb.had done”句型。 句子翻译：这是我第一次乘坐摩托车去火灾现场。
答案精析
1．D [细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句可知，到了17世纪，关于地震影响的描述在全世界开始流行，故选D。]
2．C [细节理解题。根据第三段中的倒数第二句可知，1811年到1812年发生的几次地震可以在很远的地方被感受到，故选C。]
3．A [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Until the 18th century，few factual descriptions of earthquakes were recorded...”可推断，18世纪以前，很少有地震被记录和研究，故选A。]
4．B [标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文简要介绍了历史上有记载的几次大地震，故选B。]
语篇解读 这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述今年夏天重庆当地志愿者积极参与对抗森林野火、保护家园的故事。
5．C [细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，今年夏天重庆第一次面临森林野火的考验。故选C。]
6．D [细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，当地居民积极参与救火是为了保护家乡。故选D。]
7．A [推理判断题。根据第三段中的第一句和第三句可知，这些志愿者在救火工作中是非常有责任心的，且乐于助人。故选A。]
8．D [推理判断题。根据第一段内容以及后文可知，文章主要讲述今年夏天重庆当地志愿者积极参与对抗森林野火、保护家园的故事。所以D项(众人拾柴火焰高)符合文义。故选D。]
星期一 阅读理解
(分值：20分)
(每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
The scientific study of earthquakes is comparatively new.Until the 18th century，few factual descriptions of earthquakes were recorded，and the natural causes of earthquakes were not well understood.
The earliest earthquake for which we have descriptive information occurred in China in 1177 BCE.The Chinese earthquake catalog(目录) describes several dozen large earthquakes in China during the next few thousand years.Earthquakes in Europe were mentioned as early as 580 BCE，but the earliest for which we have some descriptive information occurred in the mid-16th century.The earliest known earthquakes in the Americas were in Mexico in the late 14th century and in Peru in 1471，but descriptions of the effects were not well recorded.By the 17th century，descriptions of the effects of earthquakes were being published around the world.
The most widely felt earthquakes in the recorded history of North America were a series that occurred in 1811－1812 near New Madrid，Missouri.A great earthquake，whose magnitude(震级) is reported to have been about 8，occurred on the morning of December 16,1811.Another great earthquake occurred on January 23,1812，and a third，the strongest yet，on February 7,1812.Aftershocks(余震) were nearly continuous between these great earthquakes and continued for months afterwards.These earthquakes were felt by people as far away as Boston and Denver.Because the population in these regions was small，the destruction of human life and property was slight.
The San Francisco earthquake of 1906 was one of the most destructive in the recorded history of North America—the earthquake and the fire that followed killed nearly 700 people and left the city in ruins.
1．When did published descriptions of the effects of earthquakes become popular in the world
A．In the 1300s. B．In the 1400s.
C．In the 1500s. D．In the 1600s.
2．What do we know about the earthquakes in 1811－1812 in North America
A．They killed a large number of people.
B．They occurred in San Francisco.
C．They could be felt very far away.
D．They almost destroyed entire cities.
3．What can we infer from the passage
A. Few earthquakes were scientifically studied before the 18th century.
B．Earthquakes can be avoided with the development of technology.
C．Most of the early earthquakes caused little damage.
D．People haven’t found the causes of earthquakes so far.
4．What’s the best title for this passage
A．The Scientific Study of Earthquakes
B．Earthquakes in History
C．The Effects of Earthquakes on Humans
D．Why Earthquakes Occur
读写积累 1．factual adj.真实的；事实的 2．mention v．提到，谈到 3．publish v．出版，发行 4．destruction n．破坏，摧毁 5．slight adj.轻微的，略微的 6．A great earthquake，whose magnitude is reported to have been about 8，occurred on the morning of December 16,1811. 句式结构：whose引导定语从句。 句子翻译：一场大地震发生在1811年12月16日的早晨，据报道震级为8级。
B
Chongqing，a city of more than 32 million people，has faced an unheard-of test this summer with a heat wave and drought causing a series of large wildfires since Aug.17.
Local residents have safeguarded their hometown in every way possible，with thousands of volunteers from all walks of life fighting the fires with professionals.
Under a very hot sun，some residents used chain saws(锯) to fell trees to make fire barriers.Others rode motorcycles on newly formed paths to take firefighters and supplies up a mountain，while some volunteers carried food and drinks on their backs by foot.Women and children helped organize supplies and clear the ground，and performed other essential tasks.
On Thursday night，as wildfires approached a man-made barrier on Jinyun Mountain in Beibei district，a total of more than 1,000 firefighters and volunteers stood alongside the barrier with fire extinguishers.Seen from overhead，their lights formed a silver wall against the raging fire.
The residents’ stories have touched many people.
“Chongqing people are really amazing，” said Du Hailang，head of the Beijing Emergency Rescue Association，an NGO founded in 2007 that has taken part in many overseas rescue operations.Du and 10 other members of the association joined the fire rescue team in Chongqing last week.
“The man-made wall was unbelievable，but shocking.It really showed Chinese people’s determination to defend their homeland，” Du said.
The outstanding work of the volunteers and the hospitality of local residents impressed the firefighters，too...
Bai Xueguang，from Gansu Forest Fire Brigade，said，“I never imagined that I would have ice cream and cold drinks at a fire rescue site.”
Zhou Hongyu，from Yunnan Forest Fire Brigade，said every volunteer he met at the scene asked him if he needed anything.“It was the first time I had taken a motorcycle to reach a fire scene.We really appreciate the locals’ hospitality.Their support has been wonderful，” Zhou said.
5．What test that had never happened before did Chongqing face this summer
A．A heat wave. B．Drought.
C．Wildfires. D．Flood.
6．Why did the local residents actively participate in fighting the fires
A．To show their enthusiasm.
B．To impress professional firefighters.
C．To get paid from it.
D．To protect their homeland.
7．Which of the following best describes the volunteers in the fight against wildfires
A．Responsible and helpful.
B．Enthusiastic and faithful.
C．Reliable and honest.
D．Ambitious and determined.
8．What can we learn from the report
A．No pains，no gains.
B．Hard work pays off.
C．Love breaks down barriers.
D．Many hands make light work.
读写积累 1．essential adj.必不可少的，非常重要的 2．head n．熟义：头；头脑；顶部 生义：校长；领导人(本文为此义) 3．defend v．防御；保卫；防守；替……辩护；辩解 4．outstanding adj.杰出的，优秀的 5．hospitality n．殷勤；款待，好客 6．all walks of life 社会各界；各行各业 7．at the scene 在现场 8．It was the first time I had taken a motorcycle to reach a fire scene. 句式结构：“It was the first time that sb.had done”句型。 句子翻译：这是我第一次乘坐摩托车去火灾现场。
答案精析
1．D [细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句可知，到了17世纪，关于地震影响的描述在全世界开始流行，故选D。]
2．C [细节理解题。根据第三段中的倒数第二句可知，1811年到1812年发生的几次地震可以在很远的地方被感受到，故选C。]
3．A [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Until the 18th century，few factual descriptions of earthquakes were recorded...”可推断，18世纪以前，很少有地震被记录和研究，故选A。]
4．B [标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文简要介绍了历史上有记载的几次大地震，故选B。]
语篇解读 这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述今年夏天重庆当地志愿者积极参与对抗森林野火、保护家园的故事。
5．C [细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，今年夏天重庆第一次面临森林野火的考验。故选C。]
6．D [细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，当地居民积极参与救火是为了保护家乡。故选D。]
7．A [推理判断题。根据第三段中的第一句和第三句可知，这些志愿者在救火工作中是非常有责任心的，且乐于助人。故选A。]
8．D [推理判断题。根据第一段内容以及后文可知，文章主要讲述今年夏天重庆当地志愿者积极参与对抗森林野火、保护家园的故事。所以D项(众人拾柴火焰高)符合文义。故选D。]