2026年中考英语二轮复习课件 时态和语态（共47张ppt）

(共47张PPT)
时态和语态
What is 时态？
时态表示动作在不同时间里发生或存在的状态。
如何学习好时态？
①形式
②用法
③时间词
④常用句型（如有）
一般时：经常性、习惯性
进行时：正在进行、持续性
完成时：影响、结果
一、一般现在时
1.形式：does（第三人称单数）/do, am/is/are
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-s eat→eats
以s,sh,ch,x,o结尾 的动词 加-es discuss→discusses
teach→teaches
以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词 变y为i, 再加-es carry→carries
fly→flies
2.用法
（1）表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
（2）表示现在的特征、能力、性格等。
This job calls for great patience.
（3）表示客观事实、普遍真理或格言等。
Light travels faster than sound.
Magellan proved that the earth （be） round.
is
（4）主将从现
①时间状语从句
We will get everything ready before you (come) back.
②条件状语从句
Her father will be glad if she (come) to visit him.
（5）按时间表将要发生的动作或事先安排好的动作。
The train arrives at 10:30.
come
comes
句子中有一个表将来时间状语
3.时间标志词
often, always, usually, sometimes, every day, occasionally, never, seldom, generally, rarely, once a week, at weekends, on Sundays, from time to time, now and then等。
练习：
1. Tom (exercise) twice a week in the gym.
2. She will lend you the book if she (finish) reading it.
3. Tony told me that the sun (rise) in the east and
(set) in the west.
4. The show (start) in fifteen minutes.
exercises
finishes
rises
sets
starts
二、一般过去时
1.形式：did
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-ed pack→packed
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为i, 再加-ed carry→carried
以重读闭音节结尾而末尾 只有一个辅音字母的动词 双写该辅音字母,再加-ed plan→planned
以字母e结尾的动词 加-d like→liked
2.用法
（1）表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态,
CCTV-5 broadcast the football match last night.
（2）表示过去经常或反复发生的动作
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
3.时间标志词
three days ago, the other day, yesterday, previously, in the past
练习：
1. I （join）the club three months ago.
2. She often (travel) last year.
3. We (play) football when we were young.
4. John (be) in New York in the past.
joined
travelled
played
was
三、一般将来时
1.形式：
（1）shall/will do
shall用于第一人称，will用于各种人称
The company will launch a new version of iPhone in September.
（2）be going to do表示主观打算要发生的事情。
They are going to hold a meeting to discuss our research project.
（3）be doing 表示计划内的将来，需要位移动词：join, leave, come, go, start, begin, arrive, stay, take, take off
We're leaving early tomorrow morning.
(4)be about to do表示客观上马上要发生的事不与具体时间状语连用
I'm not about to stop when I'm so close to success.
(5)be to do表示安排好或要求做的事。
She is to be married next month.
3.时间标志词
soon, next week, in the future, tomorrow, in+时间
练习：
1. She (attend) a party next Friday.
2. The president is (visit) China next Monday.
3. They are about (graduate) from high school.
4. If it (rain) tomorrow, I won’t go there.
5.Don’t worry. Let’s just wait. He (return) in an hour.
attends
to visit
to graduate
rains
will return
四、现在进行时
1.形式：am/is/are+doing
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-ing try→trying
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有
一个辅音字母的动词 双写该辅音字母,再加-ing regret→regretting
ban→banning
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词 去掉e,再加-ing hate→hating
date→dating
2.用法
（1）表示现在正在进行的动作
I'm waiting to have a word with you.
（2）表示现阶段正在进行的动作。
They are revising the laws to protect the rights of women and children.
（3）用来强调某个反复重复的动作,常与always,constantly,continually,forever等副词连用,表达说话者对主语行为的不满。
She is continually making such silly mistakes.
3.时间标志词
right now, these days, at present, at the moment
4. 一般不能用于进行时态的动词
存在状态类:be, exist, remain, stay等
感情类:like, love, hate, prefer等
感觉、感知类:hear, see, smell, taste等
从属与占有类:belong(to), contain, have等
思考、理解等心理活动类:believe, doubt, forget, know等
练习：
1.I (drink) a glass of water now.
2.They (not play) basketball at the moment. They are doing their homework.
3. I (read) an interesting book these days.
4. Lucy ________ (talk) on the phone with her friend at this moment.
5.The students ________ (have) a PE class on the playground now.
am drinking
aren’t playing
am reading
is talking
is having
五、过去进行时
1.形式:was/were doing
2.用法
表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在发生的动作。
We were discussing the plan at this time yesterday.
Jane was taking classes the whole morning.
3.时间标志词
at that time, at that moment, at this time yesterday, at ten o'clock yesterday
4.固定句型
“某人正在做某事，某事突然发生”
sb. was/were doing sth when sth. did.
The students were playing football outdoors when the educator arrived.
类似句型：sb. be about to do when sth did
sb. be on the point of doing when sth did
sb. had just done sth. when sth did
练习：
1.Tom (read) books when I called him yesterday.
2.Robert (have) breakfast with his three children when the policeman came in.
3. My boss came into the office just as I (show) my holiday photos.
4. They (play) basketball at six o’clock yesterday.
was reading
was having
was showing
were playing
七、现在完成时
1.形式：have/has done
2.用法
（1）表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。
I have finished all my homework so far.
（2）表示从过去某时开始延续至今的动作或状态。
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend.
3.时间标志词
already,yet,recently,lately,never,ever,before,since then,ever since,for a long time,in the past/last few years,up to now,so far
4.固定句型
This/It is the first/second/...time+that从句，that从句用现在完成时
It is the first time that the boy has spoken to a foreigner.
Note: is变成was，that从句用过去完成时
It was the first time that the boy had spoken to a foreigner.
练习：
1. This was the first time that I (do) the hardest job.
2. The old man (live) here for more than twenty years.
3. We (learn) five hundred words up to the present.
4. For the past forty years, our country (make) great achievements in economy.
had done
has lived
have learnt
has made
八、过去完成时
1.形式:had done
2.用法
表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或存在的状态,即“过去的过去”。
By the end of yesterday, we had received over 1,000 letters from all over the world.
3.时间标志词：three years before,by + 过去时间
特殊用法：
no sooner...than...
hardly ...when...
scarcely...when...
一 ... 就 ...
We had no sooner left the village than it began to rain.
= No sooner had we left the village than it began to rain.
They had hardly/scarcely left their village when/before the flood peak arrived.
= Hardly/Scarcely had they left their village when the flood peak arrived.
no sooner, hardly/scarcely 位于句首时，主句用部分倒装, 将过去完成时中的助动词 had 提到主语之前。
练习：
1.By the time I arrived at the station, the train ________ (leave).
2.She _________ (finish) her homework before her mother came back
3.By 2005, she __________ (work) as a teacher for ten years.
4.We ________ (meet) each other twice before the party last night.
5.By the end of last month, they ____________ (complete) three projects.
had left
had finished
had worked
had met
had completed
九、将来完成时
1.形式：will/shall have done
2.用法：
将来某事之前或某动作发生之前已经完成的动作; 持续到将来某事的动作
By this time tomorrow, you will have got the answer.
3. 时间标志词：
by+将来时间
by the time+时间
①by+过去时间，主句时态：过去完成时（had done）
By the time he was 18, he had applied for a doctor's degree.
②by+现在时间，主句时态：现在完成时（have/has done）
By now, I have learned 6 English songs.
③by+将来时间，主句时态：将来完成时（will have done）
By the time you come back, I will have finished it .
1. By the time Jack returns home from England, his son
______________________(graduate) from college.
2. On her next birthday, she ________________(be) married for twenty years.
3. We _________________(learn) 5000 words by the end of the term.
4. The building _________________ (build)by the end of next year.
5. By the time next week, the winners _________________ (receive)their awards.
will have graduated
will have been
will have learned
will have built
will have received
6. The fashion show _________________(last)a full week by the time it ends.
7. We __________________(live) here for few years by next March.
8. She ______________________(reach)Beijing by the end of this week.
9. I ______________________(finish) this work by next week.
10. By the time you arrive in London, we _________________(stay) in Europe for two weeks.
will have lived
will have reached
will have finished
will have stayed
will have lasted
十、过去将来时
1.形式:should/would do
2.用法
表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态
I asked if he would come and fix my TV set.
3.时间标志词
next day, next week, next month, some day
十一、现在完成进行时
1.形式:
have/has been doing
2.用法
表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,这个动作现在仍在继续。
It has been raining heavily all day.
十二、过去完成进行时
1.形式：had been doing
2.用法
表示从过去某时开始一直持续到过去的动作,这个动作过去没有停止继续持续下去。
I have been waiting for two hours up to that time.
被动语态
两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
They visited the Great Wall yesterday.
The Great Wall was visited by them yesterday.
主动语态
主被动语态改动在主语和谓语之间
被动语态
现在 过去 将来
一般 am/is/are done was/were done will/shall be done
进行 am/is/are being done was/were being done —
完成 have/has been done had been done will/shall have been done
核心形式：be done
被动语态的情况
1.不知道或没必要指明动作的执行者时。
A meeting will be held in the office at 8:00 am tomorrow.
2.强调或突出动作的承受者时。
The woman was taken to hospital.
3.动作的执行者被较长的修饰语修饰时。
The idea was supported by those who wished to make much money.
常用句型：
It is/was said/supposed/reported/believed/expected that
据....../人们......
=sb/sth is/was said/supposed/reported/believed/expected to do
It is said that the company will take relevant measures.
=The company is said to take relevant measures.
It was reported that this country had launched another satellite.
=This country was reported to have launched another satellite.
主动表被动：
（1）感官系动词与形容词连用，其主动形式可以表示被动意义，如 feel, look, seem, appear, taste, sound, smell等，主语通常是“物”。
This shirt feels much softer than that one.
主动表被动：
（2）某些表示主语品质或特性的动词，如read, write, wash, clean, bake, burn, draw open, cut, sell, wear等常与well, easily, smoothly等副词连用，用主动形式表示被动意义，主语通常是“物”。
The new ballpoint pen writes very smoothly.
主动表被动：
（3）“两个需要”（need，require）+“两个值得”（worth，deserve），主语是物，主动表被动。
The floor requires mopping.
The book is worth reading.
The point deserves mentioning.
（4）某些作表语用的不定式主动表示被动。
Who is to blame for the accident
The house is to let in summer.
无被动语态的情况
（1）所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。
如：take place(发生)，happen(发生)，die , end (vi. 结束), fail, lie, come true
The story happened in 1990 .
（2）系动词无被动语态：be, become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look,seem, smell, sound, taste.
The piece of music sounds good.
无被动语态的情况
（3）表示静态的动词或短语没有被动语态：
last, benefit, dislike, join, mean, have, possess, lack, cost, equal, become, suffer, look like, consist of, belong to, feel like
Each game lasts about an hour.
练习：
1.In the future these difficulties and problems (solve).
2. A new computer (buy) by my friend yesterday.
3.The shirt (feel) much softer than that one.
4.Paper-making (invent) by Chinese people in the Han Dynasty.
5. Plastic lunch boxes (use) in the past few decades.
6.Many of Moyan’s books (translate) into other languages so far.
will be solved
was bought
feels
was invented
was used
have been translated
练习：
7.By last December three ships (build) by them
8.In the near future, more advances in the robot technology (make) by scientists.
9.English (speak) as a language of international communication throughout the world.
10.Do I have to take this medicine It (taste) so terrible.
were built
will be made
is spoken
tastes
谢谢听讲！