2026年中考英语二轮复习课件 时态（共65张ppt）

(共65张PPT)
英语时态
英语中不同时间发生的动作要用动词的不同形式来表示，这种动词的不同形式叫做时态。
常见的英语时态有16种，但初中阶段一般要求掌握8种。
（以动词work为例）
时态名称 例 句 主语 谓 语 时间 状语
一般现在时 He works every day
一般过去时 He worked yesterday
一般将来时 He will work to morrow
过去将来时 He said he would work the next day
现在进行时 He is working now
过去进行时 He was working at that time
现在完成时 He has worked for two hours
过去完成时 He had worked for two hours by then
一般现在时
一般现在时
I am a teacher.
She likes dogs.
We often walk to school.
He has English lessons twice a month.
The sun is bigger than the earth.
用法
（1）习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态
He walks to school every morning.
（2）现有的特征或者状态
I am a teacher.
（3）客观事实和普遍真理
The sun rises from the east.
The teacher said that one plus one is two.
时间状语
（1）always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, ever, never等
It never snows in Australia in December.
（2）once a year, twice a day, every day/month, every other day(每隔一天)，every two days(每隔两天)等。
I hear from her every other week.
句型结构
1）当谓语动词是实义动词
①肯定形式：主语+谓语动词+其他。
He walks to school at 7 every day.
②否定形式：主语+don't/doesn't+动词原形。
He doesn't walk to school at 7 every day..
③一般疑问句形式：Do/Does+主语+谓语动词原型+其他？
Does he walk to school at 7 every day？
肯定回答：Yes,主语+do/does. 否定回答是：No, 主语+ don't/doesn't.
句型结构
2）当谓语动词是be动词
①肯定形式：主语+be+表语（形容词、名词做表语）
He is a student
②否定形式：主语+be+not+表语
He is not a student
③一般疑问句形式：Be+主语+表语
肯定回答：Yes,主语+be.
否定回答：No, 主语+ be+not.
—Is he a student —Yes, he is./No, he isn't.
动词
当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需加-s或-es
规则变化 动词原形 第三人称单数形式
一般在词尾加-s play leave swim plays
leaves
swims
以字母s, sh, ch, x, o结尾的词加-es pass fix teach wish do passes
fixes
teaches
wishes
Does
以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i, 再加-es study carry fly studies
carries
flies
动词
不规则变化
be - is
have- has
做第三人称单数形式的主语
人称代词 he, she, it；
单个人名、地名或称呼作；
单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词；
不可数名词；
数字或字母；
不定代词 someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something 及指示代词 this, that；
写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式
post eat stop jump
go like visit pass
read ride have give
write swim study watch
fly teach do
巩固练习
一般过去时
一般过去时
I was a teacher last year.
She liked dogs when she was little.
We often walked to school in 1999.
He had English lessons twice last month.
用法
（1）表示过去某时间发生的动作或状态
I cried at the party yesterday.
（2）表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作行为
We often played together when we were children.
时间状语
（1）then, at that time, just now, yesterday, yesterday morning/…, last night/month/Sunday…， in(on或at)+一个过去的时间，days/months ago等
Tom was here just now.
I didn’t do the homework last night.
I went to the town a few days ago.
（2）由when/while/before/after等引导的表示过去时间的状语从句
When he came back, he found a note on his desk.
句型结构
1）当谓语动词是实义动词
①肯定形式：主语+动词过去式+其他。
I watched a movie last weekend.
②否定形式：主语+didn't+动词原形。
I didn‘t watch a movie last weekend.
③一般疑问句形式：Did+主语+动词原型+其他？
Did you watch a movie last weekend？
肯定回答：Yes,主语+did.
否定回答是：No, 主语+ didn't.
2）当谓语动词是be动词
①肯定形式：主语+be过去式+表语
He was a student last year.
②否定形式：主语+be过去式+not+表语
He was not a student last year.
③一般疑问句形式：Be过去式+主语+表语
肯定回答：Yes, 主语+be过去式.
否定回答：No, 主语+ be过去式+not.
—Was he a student last year
—Yes, he was./No, he wasn't.
动词
一般过去时中，谓语动词要用过去式
构成规则 动词原形 动词过去式
一般在动词原形末尾加-ed look play work looked
played
worked
以-e结尾的动词，在末尾加-d like live liked
lived
以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写辅音字母加-ed plan stop drop planned
stopped
dropped
结尾是“辅音字母＋y”的动词，先变“y”为“i”再加-ed study worry cry studied
worried
cried
不规则变化
am/is-was are-were
do-did see-saw
make-made read-read
eat-ate get-got
take-took have-had
go-went sleep-slept
feel-felt say-said
tell-told buy-bought
think-thought teach-taught
写出下列动词的过去式
post eat stop jump
go like visit pass
read ride have give
write swim study watch
teach do
巩固练习
一般将来时
I will become a teacher.
He will do my homework tonight.
The play is going to be on next month.
They will arrive here this evening.
用法
（1）表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态
He will cry if you don’t give him the apple.
（2）打算、计划或准备做某事
I am going to visit her tomorrow.
时间状语
（1）tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, today, tonight; next day/week/month/year…, in two days/weeks等
She will leave in 2 weeks.
（2）由when, while, before, after, whenever等引导的表示将来的时间状语从句
He is going to be a doctor when he grows up.
I will have a good rest after he leaves.
句型结构
（1）be( am / is / are ) + going +to + do　
表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做某事；
根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生，表示推测。
He is going to buy some books.
It is going to rain soon.
I am going to go swimming with my friends.
（2）will + do
表示不以人的意志为转移的客观的将来；表示主观意愿的将来。
主语是第一人称单数和复数的时候，可以用shall。
Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday.
He will not help TOM tomorrow.
I shall be free tomorrow.
否定句：
be动词（am, is, are）+ not + going to do+其他
will +not + some
一般疑问句：
be或will提到句首
注意：
肯定句改成否定句或者疑问句时，句中的some改为any, and改为or
过去将来时
用法：
表示从过去的观点来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句和间接引语中，主句中的谓语动词一般是过去时。表示过去的将来。
结构：
1、“would+动词原形”，
常表示客观事实或者主观意愿的将来。
He would come to see me.他要来看我。
He told me the meeting would start.他告诉我会议要开始了。
否定句：主语+would not+动词原形 +其它
一般疑问句：Would+主语+动词原形+其它
结构：
2、“was/ were+going to+动词原形”。
常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。例如：
She said she was going to start off at once.
It seemed as if it was going to rain.看来好像要下雨。
否定句：主语+ wasn‘t/weren’t going to+动词原形+其他
一般疑问句： Was/Were+主语+going to+动词原形+其它
此结构还可表示根据某种迹象来看，很可能或即将发生的事情。
时间标志：
the next day, that day(night)；the following week
常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。
He promised that he would pay me a lot if I helped him with the project.
She told me she would be 18 the next month.
现在进行时
用法：
（1）表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生或进行的动作
We are waiting for you now
（2）表示现阶段（说话前后一段时间内），一直在进行的活动.
She is reading a new book this month.
（3）表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，常与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
You are always changing your mind.
特殊用法：
表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。常用进行时表达“将要”的词：come, go, leave, arrive，do。
时间状语用将来的时间，例如：
---What time are you leaving 几点走呀？
---I'm leaving at 9:00. 我准备9点走。
注意：不用于进行时的动词
感官动词：hear,see,notice,feel,taste……
表示态度感情的动词：like,love,hate……
表心理状态：feel,want,prefer……
表占有：own,have,……
表存在状态和持续：look,owe,be……
标志词
（1）now，at the moment，right now，at present(目前)，this week(本周)，these days(这几天)
（2）用look，listen，提醒听者注意正在发生的事情
Listen，she is singing an English song.
结构
（1）肯定句：主语+be动词+doing+其他
She is swimming.
（2）否定句：主语+be动词+not+doing+其他
She is not swimming.
（3）一般疑问句：be动词+主语+doing+其他
Is she swimming？
结构
4.特殊疑问句：
疑问词+一般疑问句
疑问词+be动词+主语+doing+其它？
但疑问词当主语时其结构为：
疑问词+be动词+doing+其它
who is singing
动词的现在分词
1．一般情况下，直接加ing，
如：cook-cooking watch—watching
2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，
如：make-making, come—coming
3. 以重读闭音节结尾，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing
如：run-running, stop-stopping
4. 以-y结尾的动词，直接加-ing
如：study—studying play—playing
改错
1. We are cleanning our classroom.
2. She is sing in the next room.
3. What am you doing
4. Lary is comeing back from Beijing.
5. He often flying kites on Sundays.
巩固练习
巩固练习
改错
6. They is reading books now.
7. My brother is plays the guitar now.
8. Sally is danceing in the room.
9. I watching TV at home now.
10. Do you listening the radio now
巩固练习
巩固练习
过去进行时
用法：
1.表示在过去某个时间点正在发生的动作
What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday
2.表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。例如：
We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.
（3）come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等表移动的词可用过去进行时，表示过去将要发生的动作
They were going abroad next year.
结构：
（1）肯定句：主语+be动词的过去式+doing+其他
She was swimming.
（2）否定句：主语+be动词的过去式+not+doing+其他
She was not swimming.
（3）一般疑问句：be动词的过去式+主语+doing+其他
Was she swimming？
变换句式
1.He was listening to music at this time the day before yesterday.
否定句：
一般疑问句：
2.We were having a party yesterday evening.
否定句：
一般疑问句：
对划线部分进行提问：
巩固练习
巩固练习
现在完成时
用法
（1）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
这类用法有以下时间标志词：
already, just和yet（否定句、疑问句中的已经）；ever和never ； just, before, recently, still, lately等模糊的过去时间状语或者以动作发生的次数为标志
He has just seen the film.
用法
2）表示动作或状态在过去某一时刻就已经开始，且持续到现在
常与 for（+时间段）,since（+时间点），in the past+一段时间
He has been a teacher since 1998.
注意：与一段时间连用时应注意肯定句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词，非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。
结构
肯定句：
主语＋have／has＋done(动词过去分词)+其他.
否定句：
主语＋have／has＋not＋done(动词过去分词)+其他.
一般疑问句：
Have／Has＋主语＋done(动词过去分词)+其他？
时间标志词
just（刚刚），already（已经），never（从来没有），ever（曾经），before（以前），yet（仍然），once（一次），twice（两次），many times（很多次），how many times（多少次），so far（迄今为止），during the past（last）three years（最近三年来），recently， over the years
(一) 规则变化
变化规则：与动词过去式规则相同。
　　1. 一般直接在词尾加上ed。look — looked
　 2. 以e结尾的动词，直接加d。move — moved
　　3. 以y结尾，y前面是辅音字母的动词，变y 为i，再加ed。carry — carried
　　4. 部分动词需双写尾字母，加ed。stop — stopped
动词过去分词
(二)不规则变化
不规则动词的变化因词而异。但是如果对不规则动词的过去式和过去分词做一分析，就可发现其中的“规则”。同学们在记忆时，可按下面的形式对教材后不规则动词表进行分析、整理。
原形 过去式 过去分词 中文
beat beat beaten 打败
ABC 型
原形 过去式 过去分词 中文
be was / were been 是，在…
begin began begun 开始
blow blew blown 吹
break broke broken 破裂、折断
AAA型
原形 过去式 过去分词 中文
cost cost cost 花费
cut cut cut 砍、切、割
hit hit hit 打、撞
AAB型
ABA型
原形 过去式 过去分词 中文
become became become 成为
come came come 来
ABB型
原形 过去式 过去分词 中文
understand understood understood 理解、明白
bring brought brought 带来
build built built 建造
burn burned/burnt burned/burnt 燃烧
动词过去分词规则变化与不规则变化
borrow _______
2. hope ______
3. make ______
4. get ______
9. say ______
10. grow ______
11. hit ______
12. enjoy ______
5. plan _______
6. cry _______
7. send _______
8. watch _______
borrowed
hoped
made
got
planned
cried
sent
watched
said
grown
hit
enjoyed
巩固练习
1.They ______________(finish) their homework already.
2. John _______ never _______ (visit) China.
3. Mr Li ______________(repair) over ten bicycles
since Monday.
4. We ________________(not see) each other for years.
5. My parents ______________(not come) back yet.
6. Our teacher _____________(teach) us a lot about the
history of China.
have finished
has visited
has repaired
haven’t seen
haven’t come
has taught
巩固练习
注意：当现在完成时与表示时间段的时间状语连用时●(for/since 引导的时间状语），谓语动词必须使用延续性动词。如果谓语动词是非延续性动词则转化为对应的延续性动词。 若不是和时间段连用，则不用转化。
延续性动词和非延续性动词
延续性动词/持续性动词: 表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。 如：
study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean , sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, sit, stand, lie, keep等。
非延续动词/瞬间性动词: 表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。如：
begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open,close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等
become →be join→be in/be a member of
come/ arrive → be here/in　　 begin(start) → be on
die →be dead　　　　　　　　come back → be back
leave →be away　　　　　　 fall ill(asleep)→be ill(asleep)
get up→be up　　　　　　　　go out→be out
finish →be over　　　　　　　put on→wear 或be on
open→be open　　　　　　　 marry →be married to
close→be closed　　　　　　 go to school → be a student
borrow→keep　　　　　　　 buy→have　　　　　
catch(a cold)→ have(a cold)　 get to know →know
begin to study→study　　　　 come to work→work
相互转换关系
have/has gone to 已经去了某地，现在还没有回来（可能在途中，也可能到目的地，常和just, already 等连用.）
have/has been to 去过某地，并已回来（常和ever, never, before, once , twice，How many times 等连用）
have/has been in 已经呆在某地一段时间了（现在仍在某地，常与时间段连用）
have/has been（to），have/has gone（to），have/has been（in）
Suzy is not at home. She has gone to the bookshop.
He has been to the USA twice.
He has been in Shanghai for 10 years.
1) 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；
现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响。
I saw this film yesterday. 我昨天看了这部电影。
（强调动作发生过了。）
I have seen this film. 我看过这部电影了。
（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
现在完成时与一般过去时
2) 时间状语
一般过去时常与表示过去的、具体的时间状语连用；
现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语： yesterday； last week；…ago； in1990； in October； just now …
现在完成时的时间状语： already； ever； for； just； never； since； yet；so far； till/until；
up to now；in the past few years； recently…
3) 动词
现在完成时与明显时间段连用，动词一般是延续性的，如：live；teach；learn； work；study；know等；
　 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词，如come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become等。
She joined the League three years ago. 她三年前入团了。
(加入的动作不是延续的)
She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago).
她入团三年了。(在团内的状态，可延续)
She has been a League member for three years (since three years ago).
她入团三年了。(是团员的状态，可持续)
过去完成时
用法：
（1）表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”
I had already finished my homework when my mother shouted
（2）表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且仍然有继续下去的可能
By last month, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.
时间标志词：
（1）by + 过去的时间点，到过去为止；before + 过去的时间点，在过去之前；
We had learned about 1,200 English words by the end of last term.
（2）由别的过去的动作来做参照，比如宾语从句、状语从句中，上下文。
The meeting had begun when we got there.
She said that she had seen the film before.
结构：
肯定句：主语+ had + 过去分词done
He had watched the film.
否定句：主语+ has + not + 过去分词done
He had not watched the film.