2026年人教版中考英语一轮复习名词和代词课件（共47张ppt）
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| 名称 | 2026年人教版中考英语一轮复习名词和代词课件（共47张ppt） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-09-26 16:58:36 | ||
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(共47张PPT)
名词和代词
名词
Part 01
名词的种类
(1）专有名词：人名、地名、书名、组织机构名，星期、月份专有名称。
Mike the United Nations Sunday
阅读理解用于选项定位，一般大写首字母
Harry Potter 《哈利波特》
书名需要斜体
名词的种类
（2）普通名词
①个体名词：单个人或事物总称。
doctor book
②集体名词：若干人或事物总称。
police youth
注意：集体名词如果是总和，那么谓语动词用复数；如果是一个整体，那么谓语动词用单数
名词的种类
（2）普通名词
③物质名词：无法分为个体的物质或材料的总称。
water glass juice oxygen
④抽象名词：表示性质、状态、情感等抽象概念名称。
happiness kindness peace
不可数名词
名词的种类
Note: 抽象名词具体化：
a+抽象名词
Tom is a success.
Tom是一位成功人士。
Climbing mountains is a success for Tom.
爬山对Tom来讲是一件成功的事情。
主语是人，一位......的人
主语是物，一件......的事情
名词的种类
Note: 简单名词：不可分割的名词
boy city
复合名词：几个单词合在一起的名词
（构词法：合成法）
classmate storybook roommate
名词的数
（1）可数名词
①一般名词直接在词尾加-s：map-maps
②以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾的名词后加-es：box-boxes watch-watches
例外：stomach-stomachs
名词的数
（1）可数名词
③以-f 或-fe 结尾的名词，变-f 或-fe 为 v，再加-es：
leaf-leaves, thief-thieves
口诀：
妻子 wife 持刀 knife 去宰狼 wolf，小偷 thief 吓得发了慌，躲在架 shelf后保己 self 命，半 half 片树叶 leaf 遮目光
直接加s：proof-proofs belief-beliefs cliff-cliffs
名词的数
（1）可数名词
④以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词，变 y 为 i，加-es：party-parties
以元音字母加y结尾的名词，直接加-s：toy-toys
⑤以o结尾的名词
有生命加es：box-boxes tomato-tomatoes
口诀：英雄 hero 爱吃土豆 potato 西红柿 tomato 和芒果 mango
无生命加s：photo-photos zoo-zoos
练习：
1.I started slowly because I felt I needed to get used to
(thing) gradually.
2. I need six empty (box) to carry those books.
3. Jim’s (story) usually have happy endings.
4. I want to buy some fresh (tomato).
5. Mary doesn’t like eating (apple) or oranges.
6. Kids, don’t touch these (knife) on the table.
things
boxes
stories
tomatoes
apples
knives
名词的数
（1）可数名词
⑥不规则变化
改变元音字母：
woman-women tooth-teeth crisis-crises
特殊形式：child-children ox-oxen mouse-mice
结尾变成a
phenomenon-phenomena criterion-criteria medium-media
元音字母变成e
名词的数
（1）可数名词
⑦单复数同形：sheep means
⑧某国人：
a Chinese-two Chinese
a Japanese-two Japanese
a Russian-two Russians
a German-two Germans
an Englishman-two Englishmen
a Frenchman-two Frenchmen
口诀：中日不变英法变
其余加s
练习：
1.Three (Chinese) started the activity.
2.My mother has long, narrow (foot).
3.The couple have three small (child).
4. Those (sheep) can walk freely on this farm.
Chinese
feet
children
sheep
名词的数
（1）可数名词
⑨复合名词复数
写成一个词，词尾加s：bookcase-bookcases blackboard-blackboards
分来写，词尾加s（如果有man和woman，先变为men和women，再加s
girl student-girl students man teacher-men teachers
连词符，有名词时候，名词加s; 无名词，直接加s：
passer-by passers-by
go-between go-betweens
名词的数
（2）不可数名词
常见：advice，baggage，furniture，homework，luck, information，knowledge，luggage，news，progress，traffic，equipment，research，wealth，fiction，education，experience，honesty，work
注意：suggestion可数
experience作为“经历”可数
works 作品
job可数
news的s不能去掉
名词的数
Note: every/each
many a
more than one
several
many
much
+可数名词单数
+可数名词复数
+不可数名词
名词的量
注意：阅读中，a+n.+of=n.-s+of 翻译成“大量，许多”
修饰不可数名词：an amount of, a bit of
修饰可数名词复数：a good many, a number of, a majority of, a team of, dozens of, scores of, hundreds of, thousands of
既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词：a lot of, a variety of, a quantity of, a quarter of, an abundance of, plenty of, the majority of, the rest of
注意：many a+单数名词=a good many+复数名词
名词的格
（1）所有格
前后名词有所属关系，“......的”
①通常名词后加‘s
the teacher’s house
②复数名词在后面加’
Teachers’Day
③以s结尾专有名词加‘
Angels’room
名词的格
（1）所有格
④表示店铺、建筑物、人家等，省略后面的名词
This is not my coat. It’s (Tom).
=Tom’s home
I have just been to (barber) to get my hair cut.
=barber’s shop
⑤前面出现基数词，注意单数还是复数所有格
It’s about six (hour) ride by high-speed train to Beijing.
It’s about an (hour) ride by car to Guizhou.
Tom’s
barber’s
hours’
hour’s
名词的格
Jim and Tom’s room is on the second floor.
请问有多少个房间？
1个
Jim’s and Tom’s rooms are on the second floor.
请问有多少个房间？
2个
⑥and并列名词，如果两者共有，最后一个名词加’s；如果分别有，两个名词都需要加‘s
名词的格
（2）of结构
①A of B of C of D D的C的B的A （中心词在A）
the cover of the book 书的封面
the system of education of the young 年轻人的教育制度
②”the+adj.“ 表示一类人
The old (be) over there.
一群老年人在那。
③be of+n.=be+adj.
be of great importance=be important
are
名词的格
（3）双重属格
a photo of Mike’s a photo of Mike
=a photo of Mike’s photos
=one of Mike’s photos
迈克好些照片中其中一张 一张叫做迈克的照片
Mike’s photos
a photo
photos
Mike
练习：
1.My (friend) name is Sally.
2. We try our best to send gift to teachers on (teacher) Day.
3.I just had a tooth out at the (dentist) today.
4. Ken has several photos. This is a photo of (Ken).
5. (Jim) and (Cindy) pets are on the second floor.
friend’s
Teachers’
dentist’s
Ken’s
Jim’s
Cindy’s
代词
Part 02
人称代词
（1）主格
用于主语
I bought a car yesterday.
（2）宾格
用于介词或动词后宾语
Tom sends her a flower.
Ken explained the difficulty to me.
练习：
1. (him) is a smart boy.
2.Do you want to have a picnic with (we)
3. We always ask (she) to look after her baby.
4.Our English teacher is very kind and patient. We all like
(she).
5. Both his parents and teachers are proud of (she).
He
us
her
her
her
物主代词
（1）形容词性物主代词类似形容词，必须紧跟名词
（2）名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词
This is my cellphone.
=This cellphone is mine.
练习：
1. His social circle seems so different from (I).
2. Miss Wang is an old friend of (me).
3. Water is of vital importance of (us) life.
4. Our school is big. However, (them) is small.
5.Ecotourism has (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.
mine
mine
our
theirs
its
反身代词
（1）用法：主语和宾语相同时候，宾语用反身代词。
I just want to be myself.
He cut himself by mistake.
（2）意义：表示“亲自，本人”
反身代词
（3）相关短语
特点：都在介词或动词后
练习：
1. It is hard for me to get ready for the trip all by (I).
2. The king decided to see the painter by (he).
3. Mary, help (you) to the bananas, please.
myself
himself
yourself
it用法
（1）指代时间、距离、天气、温度
What time is it now
It is very hot here in summer.
（2）指代未知身份的人
Someone is knocking at the door. Who is it
（3）形式主语
公式：It（形式主语） is... to do/that从句（真正主语）
It is a good idea for them to take good care of the child.
it用法
（4）形式宾语
公式：sb.+v.+it（形式宾语）+...+that从句/to do（真正宾语）
I consider it essential that we communicate effectively.
（5）it相关短语
make it 成功 go for it 努力争取 take it easy 放松
believe it or not 信不信由你 forget it 沉住气
stick it out坚持到底 try it 试一试
it用法
（6）it相关句型
It is time for sb to do sth该是某人做某事时候
It takes sb some time to do sth 某人花了多长时间做某事
I would appreciate it if you could 如果......我会不胜感激
sb. take it for granted that 某人认为......理所当然
When it refers to/comes to sth.,...
当涉及到......，.......
指示代词用法
（1）that和those指代前面已经出现的名词或短语，that指代可数名词单数和不可数名词，those指代可数名词复数
Life today is better than that in the old days.
Computers made in Nanjing are as good as those made in Shanghai.
指示代词用法
This dress looks nice. I will take it.
The atmosphere of our office is better than that of theirs.
I would like an ice-cream. Would you like one too
练习：
1. is important for everyone to have breakfast every day.
2. is not easy to keep exercising every morning.
3.The quality of education in this small school is better than ______ in some larger schools.
4.In fact, is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.
5.How would you like ________ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you
It
It
It
that
it
it
不定代词用法
①both...and... ......和......都
both of 两个都
either...or... 或......或......
either of ......任何一个
neither...or... 既不......也不......
neither of 两人.....都不
all of 所有.....都
none of ......都不
不定代词用法
Both Mary and Tom are going to the cinema.
谓语动词用复数
Either his parents or Cindy is going to the park.
Neither Mike or his teachers are reading books.
就近原则
不定代词用法
②Few people visit this place.
A few people visit this place.
There is little milk in the bottle.
There is a little water in the bottle.
few 否定
a few 肯定
little 否定
a little 肯定
修饰可数名词复数
修饰不可数名词
不定代词用法
③
不定代词用法
③Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is another. 回收是保护环境的一种方式；再利用是另一种方式。
They fight with other boys. 他们和其他男孩打架。
Tom has two daughters. One is a teacher, the other one is a doctor. 汤姆有两个女儿。一个是老师，另一个是医生。
Some like football, while others like basketball.
有些人喜欢足球，而有些人则喜欢篮球。
Two boys will go to the park, and the others will stay at home. 两个男孩会去公园，其他人会待在家里。
④each 两者或两者以上的每一个，强调个体
each of 每个人
every 三者或三者以上的每一个，强调整体
We each have our own dream.
=Each of us has our own dream.
Every child received a gift.
⑤some用于肯定句，any用于否定句、疑问句
Here are some pencils.
I don’t have any problems.
复合不定代词
由some-，any-，no-，every-加上-one，-body，-thing所组成的不定代词
Everybody is ready for the party.
练习：
1. The meeting will be held in September, but knows the date for sure.
2. is wrong with my radio. It has stopped working.
3.I am hungry now. I want to eat.
4.To some life is pleasure, while to it is suffering, but I don’t know what it is to me.
nobody
Something
something
others
THANK YOU
名词和代词
名词
Part 01
名词的种类
(1）专有名词：人名、地名、书名、组织机构名，星期、月份专有名称。
Mike the United Nations Sunday
阅读理解用于选项定位，一般大写首字母
Harry Potter 《哈利波特》
书名需要斜体
名词的种类
（2）普通名词
①个体名词：单个人或事物总称。
doctor book
②集体名词：若干人或事物总称。
police youth
注意：集体名词如果是总和，那么谓语动词用复数；如果是一个整体，那么谓语动词用单数
名词的种类
（2）普通名词
③物质名词：无法分为个体的物质或材料的总称。
water glass juice oxygen
④抽象名词：表示性质、状态、情感等抽象概念名称。
happiness kindness peace
不可数名词
名词的种类
Note: 抽象名词具体化：
a+抽象名词
Tom is a success.
Tom是一位成功人士。
Climbing mountains is a success for Tom.
爬山对Tom来讲是一件成功的事情。
主语是人，一位......的人
主语是物，一件......的事情
名词的种类
Note: 简单名词：不可分割的名词
boy city
复合名词：几个单词合在一起的名词
（构词法：合成法）
classmate storybook roommate
名词的数
（1）可数名词
①一般名词直接在词尾加-s：map-maps
②以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾的名词后加-es：box-boxes watch-watches
例外：stomach-stomachs
名词的数
（1）可数名词
③以-f 或-fe 结尾的名词，变-f 或-fe 为 v，再加-es：
leaf-leaves, thief-thieves
口诀：
妻子 wife 持刀 knife 去宰狼 wolf，小偷 thief 吓得发了慌，躲在架 shelf后保己 self 命，半 half 片树叶 leaf 遮目光
直接加s：proof-proofs belief-beliefs cliff-cliffs
名词的数
（1）可数名词
④以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词，变 y 为 i，加-es：party-parties
以元音字母加y结尾的名词，直接加-s：toy-toys
⑤以o结尾的名词
有生命加es：box-boxes tomato-tomatoes
口诀：英雄 hero 爱吃土豆 potato 西红柿 tomato 和芒果 mango
无生命加s：photo-photos zoo-zoos
练习：
1.I started slowly because I felt I needed to get used to
(thing) gradually.
2. I need six empty (box) to carry those books.
3. Jim’s (story) usually have happy endings.
4. I want to buy some fresh (tomato).
5. Mary doesn’t like eating (apple) or oranges.
6. Kids, don’t touch these (knife) on the table.
things
boxes
stories
tomatoes
apples
knives
名词的数
（1）可数名词
⑥不规则变化
改变元音字母：
woman-women tooth-teeth crisis-crises
特殊形式：child-children ox-oxen mouse-mice
结尾变成a
phenomenon-phenomena criterion-criteria medium-media
元音字母变成e
名词的数
（1）可数名词
⑦单复数同形：sheep means
⑧某国人：
a Chinese-two Chinese
a Japanese-two Japanese
a Russian-two Russians
a German-two Germans
an Englishman-two Englishmen
a Frenchman-two Frenchmen
口诀：中日不变英法变
其余加s
练习：
1.Three (Chinese) started the activity.
2.My mother has long, narrow (foot).
3.The couple have three small (child).
4. Those (sheep) can walk freely on this farm.
Chinese
feet
children
sheep
名词的数
（1）可数名词
⑨复合名词复数
写成一个词，词尾加s：bookcase-bookcases blackboard-blackboards
分来写，词尾加s（如果有man和woman，先变为men和women，再加s
girl student-girl students man teacher-men teachers
连词符，有名词时候，名词加s; 无名词，直接加s：
passer-by passers-by
go-between go-betweens
名词的数
（2）不可数名词
常见：advice，baggage，furniture，homework，luck, information，knowledge，luggage，news，progress，traffic，equipment，research，wealth，fiction，education，experience，honesty，work
注意：suggestion可数
experience作为“经历”可数
works 作品
job可数
news的s不能去掉
名词的数
Note: every/each
many a
more than one
several
many
much
+可数名词单数
+可数名词复数
+不可数名词
名词的量
注意：阅读中，a+n.+of=n.-s+of 翻译成“大量，许多”
修饰不可数名词：an amount of, a bit of
修饰可数名词复数：a good many, a number of, a majority of, a team of, dozens of, scores of, hundreds of, thousands of
既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词：a lot of, a variety of, a quantity of, a quarter of, an abundance of, plenty of, the majority of, the rest of
注意：many a+单数名词=a good many+复数名词
名词的格
（1）所有格
前后名词有所属关系，“......的”
①通常名词后加‘s
the teacher’s house
②复数名词在后面加’
Teachers’Day
③以s结尾专有名词加‘
Angels’room
名词的格
（1）所有格
④表示店铺、建筑物、人家等，省略后面的名词
This is not my coat. It’s (Tom).
=Tom’s home
I have just been to (barber) to get my hair cut.
=barber’s shop
⑤前面出现基数词，注意单数还是复数所有格
It’s about six (hour) ride by high-speed train to Beijing.
It’s about an (hour) ride by car to Guizhou.
Tom’s
barber’s
hours’
hour’s
名词的格
Jim and Tom’s room is on the second floor.
请问有多少个房间？
1个
Jim’s and Tom’s rooms are on the second floor.
请问有多少个房间？
2个
⑥and并列名词，如果两者共有，最后一个名词加’s；如果分别有，两个名词都需要加‘s
名词的格
（2）of结构
①A of B of C of D D的C的B的A （中心词在A）
the cover of the book 书的封面
the system of education of the young 年轻人的教育制度
②”the+adj.“ 表示一类人
The old (be) over there.
一群老年人在那。
③be of+n.=be+adj.
be of great importance=be important
are
名词的格
（3）双重属格
a photo of Mike’s a photo of Mike
=a photo of Mike’s photos
=one of Mike’s photos
迈克好些照片中其中一张 一张叫做迈克的照片
Mike’s photos
a photo
photos
Mike
练习：
1.My (friend) name is Sally.
2. We try our best to send gift to teachers on (teacher) Day.
3.I just had a tooth out at the (dentist) today.
4. Ken has several photos. This is a photo of (Ken).
5. (Jim) and (Cindy) pets are on the second floor.
friend’s
Teachers’
dentist’s
Ken’s
Jim’s
Cindy’s
代词
Part 02
人称代词
（1）主格
用于主语
I bought a car yesterday.
（2）宾格
用于介词或动词后宾语
Tom sends her a flower.
Ken explained the difficulty to me.
练习：
1. (him) is a smart boy.
2.Do you want to have a picnic with (we)
3. We always ask (she) to look after her baby.
4.Our English teacher is very kind and patient. We all like
(she).
5. Both his parents and teachers are proud of (she).
He
us
her
her
her
物主代词
（1）形容词性物主代词类似形容词，必须紧跟名词
（2）名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词
This is my cellphone.
=This cellphone is mine.
练习：
1. His social circle seems so different from (I).
2. Miss Wang is an old friend of (me).
3. Water is of vital importance of (us) life.
4. Our school is big. However, (them) is small.
5.Ecotourism has (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.
mine
mine
our
theirs
its
反身代词
（1）用法：主语和宾语相同时候，宾语用反身代词。
I just want to be myself.
He cut himself by mistake.
（2）意义：表示“亲自，本人”
反身代词
（3）相关短语
特点：都在介词或动词后
练习：
1. It is hard for me to get ready for the trip all by (I).
2. The king decided to see the painter by (he).
3. Mary, help (you) to the bananas, please.
myself
himself
yourself
it用法
（1）指代时间、距离、天气、温度
What time is it now
It is very hot here in summer.
（2）指代未知身份的人
Someone is knocking at the door. Who is it
（3）形式主语
公式：It（形式主语） is... to do/that从句（真正主语）
It is a good idea for them to take good care of the child.
it用法
（4）形式宾语
公式：sb.+v.+it（形式宾语）+...+that从句/to do（真正宾语）
I consider it essential that we communicate effectively.
（5）it相关短语
make it 成功 go for it 努力争取 take it easy 放松
believe it or not 信不信由你 forget it 沉住气
stick it out坚持到底 try it 试一试
it用法
（6）it相关句型
It is time for sb to do sth该是某人做某事时候
It takes sb some time to do sth 某人花了多长时间做某事
I would appreciate it if you could 如果......我会不胜感激
sb. take it for granted that 某人认为......理所当然
When it refers to/comes to sth.,...
当涉及到......，.......
指示代词用法
（1）that和those指代前面已经出现的名词或短语，that指代可数名词单数和不可数名词，those指代可数名词复数
Life today is better than that in the old days.
Computers made in Nanjing are as good as those made in Shanghai.
指示代词用法
This dress looks nice. I will take it.
The atmosphere of our office is better than that of theirs.
I would like an ice-cream. Would you like one too
练习：
1. is important for everyone to have breakfast every day.
2. is not easy to keep exercising every morning.
3.The quality of education in this small school is better than ______ in some larger schools.
4.In fact, is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.
5.How would you like ________ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you
It
It
It
that
it
it
不定代词用法
①both...and... ......和......都
both of 两个都
either...or... 或......或......
either of ......任何一个
neither...or... 既不......也不......
neither of 两人.....都不
all of 所有.....都
none of ......都不
不定代词用法
Both Mary and Tom are going to the cinema.
谓语动词用复数
Either his parents or Cindy is going to the park.
Neither Mike or his teachers are reading books.
就近原则
不定代词用法
②Few people visit this place.
A few people visit this place.
There is little milk in the bottle.
There is a little water in the bottle.
few 否定
a few 肯定
little 否定
a little 肯定
修饰可数名词复数
修饰不可数名词
不定代词用法
③
不定代词用法
③Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is another. 回收是保护环境的一种方式；再利用是另一种方式。
They fight with other boys. 他们和其他男孩打架。
Tom has two daughters. One is a teacher, the other one is a doctor. 汤姆有两个女儿。一个是老师，另一个是医生。
Some like football, while others like basketball.
有些人喜欢足球，而有些人则喜欢篮球。
Two boys will go to the park, and the others will stay at home. 两个男孩会去公园，其他人会待在家里。
④each 两者或两者以上的每一个，强调个体
each of 每个人
every 三者或三者以上的每一个，强调整体
We each have our own dream.
=Each of us has our own dream.
Every child received a gift.
⑤some用于肯定句，any用于否定句、疑问句
Here are some pencils.
I don’t have any problems.
复合不定代词
由some-，any-，no-，every-加上-one，-body，-thing所组成的不定代词
Everybody is ready for the party.
练习：
1. The meeting will be held in September, but knows the date for sure.
2. is wrong with my radio. It has stopped working.
3.I am hungry now. I want to eat.
4.To some life is pleasure, while to it is suffering, but I don’t know what it is to me.
nobody
Something
something
others
THANK YOU