中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 4 I used to be afraid of the dark Section B 2a-2f 课时练
2025-2026学年上学期初中英语人教版九年级全册
一、翻译
单词默写
1.v.& n. 影响 ________
2.adv.不常;很少 ________
3.v.介绍 →n.介绍
4.adj.缺席;不在 → n.缺席
5.n.自豪;骄傲 → adj.自豪的;骄傲的
6.v.检查;检验 →n.考试;审查
7.v.不及格;失败;未能(做到) →n.失败;不及格
8.adj.精密的,严谨的;确切的 →adv.确切地;精确地
9.n.将军 adj.总的;普遍的;常规的 →adv.一般地;通常
短语默写
10.亲身;亲自
11.保持沉默
12.寻找工作
13.制造麻烦
14.照顾;照看
15.缺课
16.与……交流
17.决定做某事
18.乘坐24个小时的火车
19.为……骄傲;感到自豪
20.对某人有很大的影响
二、单词语法填空
21.Let me repeat (exact) what he just said.
22.Our country has a (pride) record of sporting achievement.
23.I have more (communicate) with my friends by sending e-mails on the Internet.
24.Mount Hua is too high and dangerous. I have difficulty (climb) it alone.
25.There are over 800 (board) schools in the UK with students from home and foreign countries.
三、 根据汉语提示写出英文句子。
26.很难相信他过去在学校有困难。
27.当他还是一个小男孩时,他很少制造麻烦,并且他的家人总是一起度过时光。
28.他有时逃课并且考试不及格。
29.她建议他们亲自与自己的儿子谈谈。
30.现在我明白了,尽管他们很忙,但他们总是想着我。
四、单项选择
31.—Tell me something about Class Three, Miss Huang.
—Most of the students in the class are good at English.
A.do well in B.are interested in C.enjoy D.be similar to
32.—Why didn’t Jack go to your party
—His mother was ill. He had to ________ her at home.
A.ask for B.prepare for C.care about D.care for
33.—My grandpa died one year ago and I _________ him so much.
—I’m sorry to hear that. Maybe you can have a look at his photos.
A.miss B.follow C.allow D.admire
34.— Do you know what happened to John He was ________ from the meeting yesterday.
— He had a fever and he stayed at home all day yesterday.
A.absent B.active C.abroad D.different
35.—Where did they go at last
—After a discussion (讨论), they finally made a ________ to take a trip to Dali.
A.joke B.decision C.passport D.introduction
36.— I’m not good at speaking English. What should I do, Larry
— I advise you ________ an English club.
A.joins B.joined C.joining D.to join
37.As a result of my laziness, I failed ________ my work in time.
A.and finished B.to finish
C.and finishing D.to finishing
38.Nelson ▲ exercises because he has too much work every day.
A.usually B.always C.often D.seldom
39.—Is Su Ning fit for the task
—Hang on. I’ll tell you________ what I think of it.
A.properly B.correctly C.exactly D.highly
40.—Have you ever seen the film The Battle at Lake Changjin
—Yes, our teacher often advises us ________ more meaningful movies.
A.seeing B.seen C.to see D.saw
41.Football fans are often called the “12th man” because of their influence ________ a team.
A.to B.from C.on D.at
42.—Fangfang, shall we go to see a film on Saturday
— Sorry. I’ll have to________my younger brother because my mother is out.
A.look at B.look for C.look up D.look after
五、阅读理解
Zhang Jiacheng lost the lower half of his right arm in an accident at the age of 5. Life used to be really hard for him.
Now, the 14-year-old boy from Yunfu city, Guangdong, has gone popular for his basketball skills in a video on Sina Weibo. “I want to be a popular basketball player, playing more games and letting more people know me,” Zhang says.
In the video, Zhang plays with one hand against his match, who is taller and stronger, and makes a shoot, driving the fans crazy. His videos have been watched about 32 million times. Some Weibo users found his story inspiring, commenting (评论) that “God knows what he has been through”. Below the video, CBA’s famous player, Yi Jianlian, commented that “The heart is always the strongest part of the body.”
At 12, Zhang Jiacheng began playing basketball. The sport became his excitement and dream. But in the beginning, he found even the simplest moves difficult. “Things that make you a better person mean you may feel uncomfortable on the way,” Zhang wrote in his latest Douyin video. “The sport makes me happy and confident. When I touch the ball, I cannot take my hand off.”
Zhang is strong-minded and hard-working. “You make me proud,” his father said. Just like what he wrote in one of his Douyin videos, “Give it a try, or give it up.” He choose to keep trying.
43.Zhang lost his arm when he was ________ years old.
A.5 B.12 C.14 D.18
44.Zhang is popular because ________.
A.his basketball skills are shown in a video on Sina Weibo
B.he wants to be a famous basketball player in CBA
C.he says he wants to play more games and know more people
D.he saves his own life without others’ help
45.What does the underlined word “match” mean in Paragraph 3
A.Race. B.Student. C.Competitor. D.Company.
46.Which of the following statements is NOT true
A.Zhang comes from Yunfu city in Guangdong.
B.Yi Jianlian commented below Zhang’s Video.
C.The simplest moves were hard for Zhang now.
D.Zhang has a strong will and works really hard.
47.Which can be the best title for this passage
A.A Little Boy Lost His Right Arm B.14-Year-Old Boy Joins CBA Team
C.Playing Basketball with Only an Arm D.Disabled Boy Shines with Basketball Skills
参考答案
题号 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
答案 A D A A B D B D C C
题号 41 42 43 44 45 46 47
答案 C D A A C C D
1.influence 2.seldom 3. introduce introduction 4. absent absence 5. pride proud 6. examine examination 7. fail failure 8. exact exactly 9. general generally
【解析】1.“影响”的动词及名词形式为influence,故填influence。
2.“不常,很少”的副词形式为seldom,故填seldom。
3.“介绍”的动词形式为introduce;名词形式为introduction,故填introduce;introduction。
4.“缺席,不在”的形容词形式为absent;“缺席”名词形式为absence,故填absent;absence。
5.“自豪,骄傲”的名词形式为pride;“自豪的,骄傲的”形容词形式为proud,故填pride;proud。
6.“检查,检验”的动词形式为examine;“考试;审查”名词形式为examination。故填examine;examination。
7.“不及格;失败;未能(做到)”动词形式为fail;名词形式为failure。故填fail;failure。
8.“精密的,严谨的;确切的”形容词形式为exact;“确切地;精确地”的副词形式为exactly。故填exact;exactly。
9.“将军”的名词形式及“普遍的;常规的”的形容词形式为general;“一般地;通常”的副词形式为generally。故填general;generally。
10.in person 11.remain silent 12.look for jobs 13.cause problems 14.take care of 15.be absent from classes 16.have communication with... 17.make the decision to do sth 18.take a 24-hour train ride 19.take pride in/ be proud of 20.have a great influence on sb
【解析】10.亲身;亲自:in person,介词短语。故填in person。
11.保持沉默:remain silent,动词短语。故填remain silent。
12.寻找工作:look for jobs,动词短语。故填look for jobs。
13.制造麻烦:cause problems,动词短语。故填cause problems。
14.照顾;照看:take care of,动词短语。故填take care of。
15.缺课:be absent from classes,动词短语。故填be absent from classes。
16.与……交流:have communication with...,动词短语。故填have communication with...。
17.决定做某事:make the decision to do sth,动词短语。故填make the decision to do sth。
18.乘坐24个小时的火车:take a 24-hour train ride,动词短语。故填take a 24-hour train ride。
19.为……骄傲;感到自豪;take pride in/ be proud of,动词短语。故填take pride in/ be proud of。
20.对某人有很大的影响:have a great influence on sb,动词短语。故填have a great influence on sb。
21.exactly
【详解】句意:让我准确地重复他刚才说的话。根据“Let me repeat...(exact) what he just said.”可知,空处应填入exact的副词形式exactly“准确地”,修饰动词“repeat”。故填exactly。
22.proud
【详解】句意:我国拥有令人自豪的体育成绩记录。根据“has a...(pride) record”可知,空后是名词“record”,空处应填入形容词proud,作定语。故填proud。
23.communication
【详解】句意:我通过在网上发送电子邮件与我的朋友们有了更多的交流。根据“I have more...(communicate) with my friends”可知,此处是have more communication with sb.“与某人有更多交流”,communication在此处作宾语。故填communication。
24.climbing/in climbing
【详解】句意:华山太高,太危险了。我很难独自爬上去。have difficulty (in) doing “做某事有困难”,空处应是climbing/in climbing。故填climbing/in climbing。
25.boarding
【详解】句意:英国有800多所寄宿学校,学生来自国内外。根据“There are over 800...(board) schools”可知,此处指寄宿学校,boarding schools“寄宿学校”,是固定表达。故填boarding。
26.It’s hard to believe that he used to have difficulties in school. 27.When he was a little boy, he seldom caused problems, and his family spent time together. 28.Sometimes he was absent from classes and failed his examination. 29.She advised them to talk with their son in person. 30.Now I understand that even though they are busy, they are always thinking of me.
【解析】26.很难相信某事:it’s hard to believe that...;他过去有困难:he used to have difficulties;在学校:in school。故填It’s hard to believe that he used to have difficulties in school.
27.当他还是一个小男孩时:when he was a little boy;他很少制造麻烦:he seldom caused problems;并且他的家人总是一起度过时光:and his family spent time together。故填When he was a little boy, he seldom caused problems, and his family spent time together.
28.他有时逃课:sometimes he was absent from classes,be absent from classes“逃课”;并且考试不及格:and failed his examination。故填Sometimes he was absent from classes and failed his examination.
29.她:she,作主语;建议他们与自己的儿子谈谈:advised them to talk with their son;亲自:in person。故填She advised them to talk with their son in person.
30.现在:now;我明白了:I understand that...;尽管他们很忙:even though they are busy;他们总是想着我:they are always thinking of me。故填Now I understand that even though they are busy, they are always thinking of me.
31.A
【详解】句意:——黄老师,请告诉我一些关于三班的事情。——这个班的大部分学生英语都很好。
考查动词短语。do well in擅长;are interested in对……感兴趣;enjoy喜欢;be similar to与……相似。be good at“擅长”与do well in含义相同。故选A。
32.D
【详解】句意:——杰克为什么没去参加你的聚会?——他的母亲病了。他不得不在家照顾她。
考查动词短语。ask for要求;prepare for准备;care about关心;care for照顾。根据“His mother was ill.”可知,他妈妈病了,所以他要在家照顾他妈妈。故选D。
33.A
【详解】句意:——我爷爷一年前去世了,我非常想念他。——听到这个消息我很难过。也许你可以看看他的照片。
考查动词辨析。miss想念;follow跟随;allow允许;admire钦佩。根据“My grandpa died one year ago”可知,爷爷去世了,所以很想念爷爷。故选A。
34.A
【详解】句意:——你知道约翰发生了什么事吗?他昨天缺席了会议。——他发烧了,昨天一整天都待在家里。
考查词汇辨析。absent缺席的;active活跃的;abroad在国外;different不同的。根据答句“He had a fever and he stayed at home all day yesterday.”可知,他生病了,所以缺席了会议。be absent from“缺席”。故选A。
35.B
【详解】句意:——他们最后去了哪里?——经过一番讨论,他们最终决定去大理旅行。
考查名词辨析。joke笑话;decision决定;passport护照;introduction介绍。根据“After a discussion (讨论), they finally made a…”可知,应是经过讨论后,决定去大理。make a decision to do sth“决定做某事。故选B。
36.D
【详解】句意:——Larry,我不擅长说英语。我应该做些什么?——我建议你加入一个英语俱乐部。
考查非谓语动词。根据“I advise you...”可知,此处表达“建议某人做某事”。advise sb. to do sth.“建议某人做某事”,这里是不定式to do作宾语补足语。故选D。
37.B
【详解】句意:由于懒惰,我未能及时完成工作。
考查动词不定式。fail to do sth. “未能做(成)某事”,此处指的是由于懒惰,未能及时完成工作。故选B。
38.D
【详解】句意:尼尔森很少锻炼,因为他每天工作太多。
考查副词辨析。A. 通常;B. 一直;C. 经常;D. 很少,表否定。根据后述原因because he has too much work every day.可知尼尔森很少锻炼,故选D。
39.C
【详解】句意:——苏宁适合这个任务吗?——等等。我会确切地告诉你我对它的看法。
考查副词辨析。properly适当地;correctly正确地;exactly准确地;highly高度地;根据句意理解可知,这里表达的是“确切地”,英语是exactly,是一个副词,在句中修饰动词tell,故选C。
40.C
【详解】句意:——你看过电影《长津湖》吗?——看过,我们的老师经常建议我们多看一些有意义的电影。
考查动词不定式。advise sb. to do sth.“建议某人做某事”,空处应是to see。故选C。
41.C
【详解】句意:足球迷通常被称为“第12人”,因为他们对一个球队的影响。
考查介词。to朝;from从……;on在……上;at在……点时;结合空格后的“a team”可知,此处是influence on“对……的影响”,是固定短语,后接影响的对象,故选C。
42.D
【详解】句意:——芳芳,星期六我们去看电影好吗?——很抱歉。我必须在家照看我的小弟弟,因为妈妈要出去。
考查动词短语。look at看……;look for寻找;look up查询、抬头看;look after照看、照顾。根据题干中Sorry及because my mother is out可知,因为妈妈外出,我周六不得不在家“照看”弟弟,所以空处的短语应是“look after”,故选D。
43.A 44.A 45.C 46.C 47.D
【导语】本文主要讲述了因意外失去右臂的14岁广东男孩张家城凭借篮球技巧在网络上走红的故事。
43.细节理解题。根据“Zhang Jiacheng lost the lower half of his right arm in an accident at the age of 5.”可知,张家城在5岁时失去了右臂。故选A。
44.细节理解题。根据“Now, the 14-year-old boy from Yunfu city, Guangdong, has gone popular for his basketball skills in a video on Sina Weibo.”可知,他因在新浪微博上的一段视频中所展示的篮球技艺而走红。故选A。
45.词义猜测题。根据“Zhang plays with one hand against his match,”可知,张家城单手与他的对手进行比赛,划线单词“match”在此处意为“对手,竞争者”。故选C。
46.细节理解题。根据“But in the beginning, he found even the simplest moves difficult.”可知,即使是最简单的动作对张家城来说在一开始时都是困难的,而不是现在。故选C。
47.最佳标题题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了因意外失去右臂的14岁广东男孩张家城凭借篮球技巧在网络上走红的故事,选项D“残疾男孩凭借篮球技艺大放异彩”符合文意,为最佳标题。故选D。
3.2 函数的基本性质--函数的单调性和最大(小)值 常见题型总结练 2025-2026学年数学高一年级人教A版(2019)必修第一册
一:图象法求单调区间
1.如图是函数的图象,则函数的单调递减区间为( )
A. B. C. D.
2.函数的单调递增区间是( )
A. B. C. D.
3.已知函数的图象如图所示,则该函数的减区间为( )
A. B.
C. D.
4.定义在上的函数的单调递减区间是 .
二:函数单调性的判断
1.已知四个函数的图象如图所示,其中在定义域内具有单调性的函数是( )
A. B.
C. D.
2.(多选题)在区间上为减函数的是( )
A. B. C. D.
3.(多选题)下列函数中,在R上是增函数的是( )
A.y=|x| B.y=x
C.y=x2 D.y=
4.下列函数中,在上单调递增的是( )
A. B. C. D.
三:证明或判断函数的单调性
1.下列函数中,满足“对任意,,当时,都有”的是( )
A. B. C. D.
2.函数在上的最小值为( )
A.1 B. C. D.
3.下列函数中,在区间上为增函数的是( )
A. B. C. D.
4.已知函数的定义域为,则下列说法中正确的是( )
A.若满足,则在区间内单调递增
B.若满足,则在区间内单调递减
C.若在区间内单调递增,在区间内单调递增,则在区间内单调递增
D.若在区间内单调递增,在区间内单调递增,则在区间内单调递增
四:求函数的单调区间
1.函数的单调增区间为( )
A. B. C.和 D.
2.函数的单调递增区间是( )
A.(,1] B.[1,) C.[1,4] D.[2,1]
3.已知,则函数的单调增区间是 .
4.(24-25高一上·全国·课堂例题)已知函数,,根据图象写出它的单调区间..
五:函数单调性的应用
1.已知函数在区间上是减函数,则整数a的取值可以为( )
A. B. C.0 D.1
2.若函数在区间上单调递减,则实数的取值范围是( )
A. B. C. D.
3.若函数(为实数)是R上的减函数,则( )
A. B. C. D.
4.若在上为减函数,则实数的取值范围为( )
A. B. C. D.
六:利用单调性比较大小或解不等式
1.若函数在上单调递增,且,则实数的取值范围是( )
A. B. C. D.
2.已知函数f(x)的定义域为R,且对任意的x1,x2且x1≠x2都有[f(x1)﹣f(x2)](x1﹣x2)>0成立,若f(x2+1)>f(m2﹣m﹣1)对x∈R恒成立,则实数m的取值范围是( )
A.(﹣1,2) B.[﹣1,2]
C.(﹣∞,﹣1)∪(2,+∞) D.(﹣∞,﹣1]∪[2,+∞)
3.设函数在区间上有意义,任意两个不相等的实数,下列各式中,能够确定函数在区间上单调递增的是( )
A. B.
C. D.
4.(多选题)设函数在上为减函数,则( )
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
函数的最大(小)值
一:利用图象求函数最值
1.定义在R上的偶函数在[0,7]上是增函数,在[7,+∞)上是减函数,又f(7)=6,则f(x)( )
A.在[-7,0]上是增函数,且最大值是6
B.在[-7,0]上是减函数,且最大值是6
C.在[-7,0]上是增函数,且最小值是6
D.在[-7,0]上是减函数,且最小值是6
2.函数y=f(x)在[-2,2]上的图象如图所示,则此函数的最小值、最大值分别是( ).
A.f(-2),0 B.0,2 C.f(-2),2 D.f(2),2
3.若函数,它的最大值为,则实数的取值范围是( )
A. B. C. D.
4.函数在区间上的值域为
二:利用单调性求函数最值
1.函数y=在[2,3]上的最小值为( )
A.2 B.
C. D.-
2.已知函数在区间上的最大值为A,最小值为B,则A-B等于( )
A. B. C.1 D.-1
3.函数在区间上的最小值为( )
A. B.1 C. D.2
4.若函数y=在区间[2,4]上的最小值为5,则k的值为( )
A.5 B.8
C.20 D.无法确定
三:求二次函数的最值
1.已知函数在区间上有最大值5,最小值1,则的值等于( )
A. B.1 C.2 D.3
2.定义域为R的函数满足,且当时,,则当时,的最小值为( )
A. B. C. D.
3.(多选题)关于函数()在上最小值的说法不正确的是( )
A.4 B.
C.与的取值有关 D.不存在
4.(多选题)已知在区间上的最小值为,则可能的取值为( )
A. B.3 C. D.1
四:判断二次函数的单调性和求解单调区间
1.函数在区间上递增,则实数的取值范围是( )
A. B. C. D.
2.若函数在上是减函数,则实数m的取值范围是( )
A. B. C. D.
3.若函数在上是减函数,则实数m的取值范围是( )
A. B. C. D.
4.(多选题)已知函数的定义域为,值域为,则的可能的取值是( )
A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4
五:函数最值的实际应用
1.如图所示是函数的图象,图中曲线与直线无限接近但是永不相交,则以下描述正确的是( )
A.函数的定义域为
B.函数的值域为
C.此函数在定义域中不单调
D.对于任意的,都有唯一的自变量x与之对应
2.若是偶函数,且对任意∈且,都有,则下列关系式中成立的是( )
A. B.
C. D.
3.向一个圆台形的容器(如图所示)中倒水,且任意相等的时间间隔内所倒的水体积相等,记容器内水面的高度y随时间t变化的函数为,则以下函数图象中,可能是的图象的是( ).
A. B.
C. D.
4.(23-24高一上·全国·课后作业)一水池有2个进水口,1个出水口,进出水速度如图甲、乙所示.某天0点到6点,该水池的蓄水量如图丙所示(至少打开一个水口).
给出以下4个论断,其中正确的是( )
A.0点到3点只进水不出水
B.3点到4点不进水只出水
C.3点到4点只有一个进水口进水
D.4点到6点不进水也不出水
答案
一:图象法求单调区间
根据题意,结合函数图象可得函数的单调递减区间为:.
故选:.
函数的定义域需要满足,解得定义域为,
因为在上单调递增,所以在上单调递增,
故选:D.
函数的图象在区间和是下降的,在区间和是上升的,
故该函数的减区间为.
故选:C.
,取
如图所示:
单调递减区间是
故答案为
二:函数单调性的判断
对于A,函数分别在及上单调递增,
但存在,使,故A不符合题意;
对于C,函数分别在及上单调递增,
但存在,使,故C不符合题意;
对于D,函数分别在及上单调递减,
但存在,,使,故D不符合题意;
只有B完全符合增函数的定义,具有单调性.
故选:B.
解:函数是上的减函数,
函数在区间上单调递减,
函数在区间单调递减.
函数在区间单调递增,
所以A,B,C符合要求;D项不符合要求.
故选:ABC.
解:选项A,,当x<0时单调递减,不符合题意;
选项B,显然在R上是增函数,符合题意;
选项C,y=x2,当x<0时单调递减,不符合题意;
选项D,作出草图如下,实线部分,观察图象可得函数在R上为增函数,符合题意.
故选:BD
对于A中,函数在上单调递减,所以A不符合题意;
对于B中,函数在上单调递减,单调递增,所以B符合题意;
对于C中,函数在上单调递减,所以C不符合题意;
对于D中,时函数在上单调递减,所以D符合题意.
故选:D.
三:证明或判断函数的单调性
因为对任意,,当时,都有,所以在上为增函数,
A选项,在上为增函数,不符合题意.
B选项,在上为减函数,不符合题意.
C选项,在上为增函数,符合题意.
D选项,在上为增函数,不符合题意.
故选:C.
因为在上单调递增,且恒成立,
可知函数在上单调递减,
当时,,所以函数在上的最小值为.
故选:B.
选项A:,开口向下,对称轴为,所以函数在区间上为减函数,故选项A错误;
选项B:,所以函数在区间上为增函数,故选项B正确;
选项C:可以看作由函数向左平移一个单位得到,所以函数在区间上为减函数,故选项C错误;
选项D:,开口向下,对称轴为,所以函数在区间上为减函数,故选项D错误.
故选:B.
对于AB:函数满足,或,特值并不具有任意性,
所以区间端点值的大小关系并不能确定函数在区间上的单调性,故A,B错误;
对于C:区间和有交集,故函数在区间内单调递增,故C正确,
对于D:区间和没有交集,故不能确定函数在区间内的单调性.
例如在和上递增,但,故D错误.
故选:C.
四:求函数的单调区间
由可得且,
因为开口向下,其对称轴为,
所以的减区间为和
所以的单调增区间为和
故选:C
由,得,解得,
令,则,
因为在上递增,在上递减,而在上递增,
所以在上递增,在上递减,
所以的单调递增区间是,
故选:D
解:因为,对称轴为 ,又开口向下,
又,∴函数的单调递增区间为.
故答案为:
,
函数图象如图所示.
由图象可知,函数的单调递增区间为,单调递减区间为.
五:函数单调性的应用
解:由题意可得,解得,
∴整数a的取值可以为.
故选:A
函数的对称轴为,
由题意可知,解得,
所以实数的取值范围是.
故选:B.
由题意知,解得
故选:D
为上的减函数, 时, 递减,即,①, 时, 递减,即,②且 ,③ 联立①②③解得, .
故选:C.
六:利用单调性比较大小或解不等式
在上单调递增,,,解得:,
实数的取值范围为.
故选:C.
解:由题意,可知:
∵对任意的x1,x2且x1≠x2都有[f(x1)﹣f(x2)](x1﹣x2)>0成立,
∴函数f(x)在定义域R上为增函数.
又∵f(x2+1)>f(m2﹣m﹣1)对x∈R恒成立,
∴x2+1>m2﹣m﹣1,
∴m2﹣m﹣1<1,
即:m2﹣m﹣2<0.
解得﹣1<m<2.
故选:A.
解:函数在区间上单调递增,则任意两个不相等的实数,与应该同号,所以,
故选:C.
由题意,函数在上为减函数.
当时,,,,
则,,,故ACD错误;
对于B,因为,所以,
所以,故B正确;
对于E,因为,所以,故E正确.
故选:BE.
函数的最大(小)值
一:利用图象求函数最值
∵函数是偶函数,而且在[0,7]上为增函数,
∴函数在[-7,0]上是减函数.
又∵函数在x=7和x=-7的左边是增函数,右边是减函数,且f(7)=f(-7),
∴最大值为f(7)=f(-7)=6.
故选B.
试题分析:由图观察可知函数在和上单调递增,在上单调递减.
所以函数在处取的最大值为.
又由图观察可知,所以函数的最小值为.故C正确.
由题意,函数表示开口向上,且对称轴为的抛物线,
要使得当,函数的最大值为,则满足且,
解得,所以实数的取值范围是.
故选D.
由题:,函数在单调递减,在单调递减,
可以看成函数向右平移1个单位,再向上平移1个单位,作出图象:
所以函数在递减,在递减,,,
所以函数的值域为.
故答案为:
二:利用单调性求函数最值
y=在[2,3]上单调递减,所以x=3时取最小值为,
故选:B.
函数在区间是减函数,
所以时有最大值为1,即A=1,
时有最小值,即B=,
则,
故选:A.
由知,在上是增函数,所以在上递增,所以.
故选:C
∴或∴k=20.选C.
三:求二次函数的最值
由题意,函数,
可得函数在区间上单调递增,在区间上单调递减,
当时,则函数在区间上单调递增,其最小值为,
显然不合题意;
当时,则函数在区间上单调递增,在区间上单调递减,
故函数的最大值为,
因为,令,即,即,
解得或,
又因为,所以.
故选: D.
设,则,则,又,∴,∴当时,取到最小值为.
由题意得:二次函数()的对称轴为,且函数图象开口向上,
则该函数在上单调递减,
所以,
故选:BCD.
解:因为函数,函数的对称轴为,开口向上,
又在区间上的最小值为,
所以当时,,解得(舍去)或;
当,即时,,解得(舍去)或;
当,即时,.
综上,的取值集合为.
故选:BC.
四:判断二次函数的单调性和求解单调区间
函数,二次函数图像开口向上,
若在区间上递增,
则对称轴x=-a,
即a
故选D.
函数的对称轴为,
由于在上是减函数,所以.
故选:B
函数的对称轴为,
由于在上是减函数,所以.
故选:B
因为函数在区间上单调递减,在上单调递增,
所以在R上的最小值为,且,
(1)当时,由的值域为,可知必有
所以且,解得,此时
(2)当时,由的值域为,可知必有
所以且,解得,此时
综上可知,
所以的可能的取值为
故选:BCD
五:函数最值的实际应用
1 由图知:的定义域为,值域为,A、B错;
显然在分别递增,但在定义域上不单调,C对;
显然,对应自变量x不唯一,D错.
故选:C
∵对任意的x1,x2∈(0,+∞),都有,
∴函数f(x)在(0,+∞)上单调递减,
又∵,
∴,
又∵f(x)是偶函数,∴f(﹣)=f().
∴.
故选:A.
由容器的形状可知,在相同的变化时间内,高度的增加量越来越小,
故函数的图象越来越平缓,
故选:D.
由甲,乙图得进水速度为1,出水速度为2,
对A,由题意可知在0点到3点这段时间,每小时进水量为2,即2个进水口同时进水且不出水,所以A正确;
对BC,从丙图可知3点到4点水量减少了1,所以应该是有一个进水口进水,同时出水口也出水,故B错误C正确;
对D,当两个进水口同时进水,出水口也同时出水时,水量保持不变;也可由题干中的“至少打开一个水口”知D错,故D错误.
故选:AC
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