中考英语时文阅读：福建舰成功弹射三型舰载机3种通用题型
新华社9月22日报道，中国“福建舰”航母上的三款舰载机（分别是歼-15T、歼-35和空警-600，）已成功完成首次电磁弹射起飞与拦阻着舰训练。此次训练的成功是中国海军发展的重要里程碑，这表明中国已掌握先进的航母技术，向建设世界一流海军的目标又迈进了一步。
Xinhua News Agency reported on September 22 that three types of carrier-based (舰载的) aircraft have successfully completed their first electromagnetic catapult-assisted takeoff and arrested landing (拦阻着舰) trainings on China's aircraft carrier Fujian. This news marks a great breakthrough for China's navy.
The three aircraft types are J-15T, J-35 and KongJing-600. Each has its own important role. J-35 is a stealth (隐身) fighter that helps win air control. J-15T is good at attacking targets at sea and on land. KongJing-600, called the "air-sea command center", can find faraway targets and guide other planes.
The key technology here is the electromagnetic catapult system (EMALS) (电磁弹射系统). Developing this system is not easy. This advanced technology can launch heavy planes into the air from a very short deck. Unlike old systems, EMALS uses electricity to control power precisely (精确地). This makes takeoffs safer and causes less damage (损耗) to planes.
EMALS also brings big advantages. It lets planes take off with full fuel and more weapons. This means the aircraft can fly farther and fight better. Also, it increases the efficiency (效率) of taking off and landing, helping the Fujian have initial full-deck operational capability.
This success is a milestone for China's navy. It shows China has mastered advanced carrier technology and moves closer to building a world-class navy.
本文重要的单词和短语总结
aircraft carrier 航空母舰
carrier-based / k ri be st/ adj. 舰载的
electromagnetic / lektr m ɡ net k/ adj. 电磁的
catapult / k t p lt/ n. 弹射器
assist / s st/ v. 协助，帮助
arrested landing 拦阻着舰
breakthrough / bre kθru / n. 突破，重大进展
stealth /stelθ/ n. 隐身（技术）
command center 指挥中心
precisely /pr sa sli/ adv. 精确地，准确地
damage / d m d / n. 损坏，损耗
efficiency / f nsi/ n. 效率，效能
operational / p re nl/ adj. 作战的，运行的
capability / ke p b l ti/ n. 能力
milestone / ma lst n/ n. 里程碑，重大事件
complete training 完成训练
mark a breakthrough 标志着一项突破
take off 起飞
key technology 核心技术
control...precisely 精准控制……
cause damage to 对……造成损坏（损耗）
increase efficiency 提高效率
move closer to 向……迈进（靠近）
阅读理解
1. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2
A. The names of the three carrier-based aircraft
B. The different functions of the three aircraft
C. How the three aircraft work together
D. Where the three aircraft are produced
2. Why is developing the electromagnetic catapult system (EMALS) not easy
A. It needs to use a lot of fuel.
B. It requires advanced technology to launch heavy planes on a short deck.
C. It is too heavy to be installed on the Fujian.
D. It often causes damage to aircraft.
3. Which of the following is an advantage of EMALS according to the passage
A. It makes planes fly more quietly.
B. It is cheaper to build than old systems.
C. It can be used in all kinds of bad weather.
D. It allows planes to take off with full fuel and more weapons.
4. What does the underlined word "mastered" in the last paragraph probably mean
A. Learned and can use well
B. Tried hard to find
C. Decided to develop
D. Forgot to improve
5. What can we learn from the passage
A. The Fujian is the first aircraft carrier in China.
B. KongJing-600 is used to attack sea and land targets.
C. China is making progress in building a world-class navy.
D. EMALS is the same as old catapult systems in power control.
完形填空
China's aircraft carrier Fujian has made a big step forward. Three types of carrier-based aircraft—J-15T, J-35 and KongJing-600—have successfully finished their first catapult-assisted takeoff and landing training on it. This 1____ that the Fujian now has electromagnetic catapult (电磁弹射) ability.
The three aircraft play different 2____ in the navy. J-35 is a stealth fighter good at winning air control. J-15T 3____ attacking sea and land targets. KongJing-600, called the "air-sea command center", can find faraway targets and guide other planes.
The key technology here is the electromagnetic catapult system (EMALS). It is China's independently developed technology, which makes it 4____ to launch heavy planes from a short deck. 5____ old systems, EMALS uses electricity to control power precisely. This not only makes takeoffs safer but also 6____ damage to the planes.
EMALS also brings other big advantages. It lets planes take off with full fuel and more weapons, 7____ means the planes can fly farther and fight better. What's more, it increases the efficiency of takeoffs and landings.
This success is a 8____ in China's navy development. It shows China has 9____ advanced carrier technology. The Fujian is now on its way to 10____ a world-class naval force.
1. A. proves B. tells C. hopes D. wonders
2. A. games B. roles C. sports D. jobs
3. A. is afraid of B. is careful with C. is good at D. is famous for
4. A. easy B. possible C. hard D. similar
5. A. Different from B. Same as C. Full of D. Tired of
6. A. reduces B. increases C. creates D. stops
7. A. who B. which C. what D. where
8. A. problem B. question C. milestone D. difficulty
9. A. lost B. mastered C. forgotten D. missed
10. A. keeping B. buying C. finding D. building
语篇填空
China's aircraft carrier Fujian has entered the electromagnetic catapult era, which is a big step forward from Liaoning and Shandong, 1______ use the ski-jump takeoff. The electromagnetic catapult system (EMALS) brings many 2______ (advantage).
First, it is 3______ (high) adaptable. Unlike the old way, EMALS can adjust its power flexibly. This means it works well for different planes, from small drones 4______ large early-warning planes like KongJing-600.
Second, it improves combat ability. It lets planes take off 5 full fuel and more weapons, so they can fly farther and fight 6______ (well).
Third, it is more efficient. The time between two takeoffs 7______ (shorten) a lot. This helps Fujian have a higher rate of launching planes 8______ the ski-jump carriers.
Last, it is very reliable. Tests show its failure rate is much lower, and it is also easier 9______ (maintain).
EMALS shows China has made great progress in carrier technology. It 10______ (real) helps our navy move toward a world-class level.中考英语时文阅读：（科技）福建舰成功弹射三型舰载机参考答案
阅读理解
1. 答案：B
解析：文章第二段分别介绍了J35、J15T和空警600三种舰载机的作用，J35帮助夺取制空权，J15T擅长攻击海、陆目标，空警600能发现远处目标并引导其他飞机，所以主要讲述的是三种飞机的不同功能，B选项正确。A选项只提到飞机名字，并非主要内容；C选项未提及它们如何协同工作；D选项文中也没有关于飞机生产地的描述。
2. 答案：B
解析：文中提到“This advanced technology can launch heavy planes into the air from a very short deck. Developing this system is not easy.”，说明开发电磁弹射系统困难是因为它需要先进技术，才能让重型飞机从短甲板起飞，B选项正确。A选项，文中未提及该系统需大量燃料；C选项，没有提到它太重无法安装在福建舰上；D选项，电磁弹射系统是减少对飞机的损耗，而不是经常造成损坏。
3. 答案：D
解析：由文中“EMALS also brings big advantages. It lets planes take off with full fuel and more weapons.”可知，D选项正确。A选项，文中未提及电磁弹射系统使飞机飞行更安静；B选项，没有比较它和旧系统的建造成本；C选项，也未提及它能在各种恶劣天气下使用。
4. 答案：A
解析：“mastered”所在句子“It shows China has mastered advanced carrier technology”，结合语境，中国成功进行福建舰舰载机电磁弹射训练，表明中国掌握了先进的航母技术，“Learned and can use well”（学习并能熟练运用）意思相符，A选项正确。B选项“努力寻找”、C选项“决定开发”、D选项“忘记改进”均不符合语境。
5. 答案：C
解析：文章提到“向建设世界一流海军的目标又迈进了一步”，说明中国在建设世界一流海军方面取得了进展，C选项正确。A选项，中国第一艘航母是辽宁舰，不是福建舰；B选项，空警600的作用是发现远处目标和引导其他飞机，不是攻击海、陆目标；D选项，电磁弹射系统与旧弹射系统在功率控制上不同，它能精确控制功率 。
完形填空
1. 答案：A
解析：三种舰载机成功完成弹射起飞和着陆训练，这“证明”了福建舰有电磁弹射能力，“proves”符合语境，A选项正确。B选项“tells”（告诉）、C选项“hopes”（希望）、D选项“wonders”（想知道；惊讶）均不符合文意。
2. 答案：B
解析：此处表示三种飞机在海军中发挥不同“作用”，“play different roles”是固定搭配，B选项正确。A选项“games”（游戏；比赛）、C选项“sports”（运动）、D选项“jobs”（工作），“play roles”更符合语境。
3. 答案：C
解析：前文提到J15T的作用，这里说它“擅长”攻击海、陆目标，“is good at”（擅长）正确，C选项正确。A选项“is afraid of”（害怕）、B选项“is careful with”（小心对待）、D选项“is famous for”（因……而出名）均不符合。
4. 答案：B
解析：电磁弹射系统是中国自主研发的技术，这使得从短甲板发射重型飞机成为“可能”，“possible”符合，B选项正确。A选项“easy”（容易的），虽然该技术实现了从短甲板发射重型飞机，但不能说很容易做到；C选项“hard”（困难的）与文意相悖；D选项“similar”（相似的）不符合语境。
5. 答案：A
解析：根据后文“EMALS uses electricity to control power precisely”可知，电磁弹射系统与旧系统不同，“Different from”（与……不同）正确，A选项正确。B选项“Same as”（与……相同）与文意相悖；C选项“Full of”（充满）、D选项“Tired of”（厌倦）均不符合。
6. 答案：A
解析：由“makes takeoffs safer”可知，电磁弹射系统使起飞更安全，也会减少对飞机的损害，“reduces”（减少）正确，A选项正确。B选项“increases”（增加）、C选项“creates”（创造）、D选项“stops”（停止）均不符合。
7. 答案：B
解析：这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，用“which”，B选项正确。A选项“who”用于指人；C选项“what”不能引导定语从句；D选项“where”在从句中作地点状语。
8. 答案：C
解析：福建舰舰载机训练成功是中国海军发展的一个“里程碑”，“milestone”正确，C选项正确。A选项“problem”（问题）、B选项“question”（问题）、D选项“difficulty”（困难）均不符合语境。
9. 答案：B
解析：根据前文，中国掌握了电磁弹射技术，这里说中国“掌握”了先进的航母技术，“mastered”（掌握）正确，B选项正确。A选项“lost”（失去）、C选项“forgotten”（忘记）、D选项“missed”（错过）均不符合。
10. 答案：D
解析：福建舰朝着建设世界一流海军力量前进，“building”（建设）正确，D选项正确。A选项“keeping”（保持）、B选项“buying”（购买）、C选项“finding”（找到）均不符合语境。
语篇填空
1. 答案：which
解析：此处考查非限制性定语从句，先行词是“Liaoning and Shandong”，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词“which”。
2. 答案：advantages
解析：“many”修饰可数名词复数，“advantage”的复数形式是“advantages”。
3. 答案：highly
解析：修饰形容词“adaptable”要用副词，“high”的副词形式“highly”表示“高度地” 。
4. 答案：to
解析：“from...to...”是固定搭配，表示“从……到……”。
5. 答案：with
解析：“with full fuel and more weapons”表示“带着满燃料和更多武器”，“with”表示伴随。
6. 答案：better
解析：and连接并列成分，前面“farther”是比较级，这里“well”也要用比较级“better”，表示飞机能飞得更远，战斗能力更强。
7. 答案：is shortened
解析：句子主语“the time”和“shorten”之间是被动关系，且描述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态“is shortened”。
8. 答案：than
解析：前面有“higher”，这里是福建舰和滑跃式航母在飞机发射率上的比较，用“than”。
9. 答案：to maintain
解析：“be +形容词+ to do sth.”是固定结构，所以用“to maintain”。
10. 答案：really
解析：修饰动词“helps”要用副词，“real”的副词形式是“really”。
