Unit 2 Getting along 语法讲义-现在完成时（二）（含答案）外研版（2024）英语八年级上册
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| 名称 | Unit 2 Getting along 语法讲义-现在完成时（二）（含答案）外研版（2024）英语八年级上册 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-09-27 10:11:37 | ||
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U2 Getting along语法讲义-现在完成时（二）
语法复习
定义 1. 2. 3.
标志词
句子结构 肯： 否： 疑：
过去分词变化规则 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
完成时与 过去时区别
教材原句
The Giant has been away for a long time.巨人外出了很长一段时间。
Since then，he hasn't seen a child there.自那以后，他再也没在那见到一个孩子。
语法要点
这两个句子都使用了现在完成时，谓语由“has/have+动词的过去分词”构成。现在完成时在句中表示某一行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在，与for a long time 和 since then 这两个时间状语连用。
语法讲解
在本单元，我们要学习现在完成时的另一种用法:表示某个行为或状态从过去某时间一直持续到现在。在这个用法中，现在完成时常与for或since 引导的时间状语连用。要注意，for后接一段时间，如 for a long time, for months,for two weeks 等;而 since 后多接时间点，如 since then,since 2022,since last Monday等。
eg：I have lived here for five years.我在这里已经住了五年。
I have waited for the bus for twenty minutes.我等公交车已经等了二十分钟。They have been good friends since high school.他们从高中起就是好朋友。
She has been more confident since she joined the drama club.自从她加入戏剧社后，就变得更自信了。
since和for用法
例句 用法
Li Wei has worked in the factory for three years.
Jim has taught guitar since 2003.
Emma has been married since two years ago.
Mia has been a nurse since she finished her studies.
总结：for强调 ；since强调 ，经常用于 结构。
Exercise I. 用since和for填空
1) two years 2) two years ago 3) last month
4) 1999 5) yesterday 6) 4 o’clock
7) 4 hours 8) an hour ago 9) we were children
10) she left here
11) He has lived in Nanjing the year before last.
12) I’ve known him we were children.
13) Our teacher has studied Japanese three years.
14) It’s about ten years she left the city.
延续性动词VS非延续性动词
eg：His father died in 1992. 他父亲于1992年去世。（断气的一瞬间）
→ His father has been dead for many years. 他父亲去世很多年了。（死亡的状态）
eg：He bought a house in 2005. 他在2005年买了一套房子。（交房的一瞬间）
→ He has had a house since 2005.自从2005年他就有一套房子。（拥有的状态）
在英语中，按其动作发生的方式以及动作发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词（短暂性动词/瞬间性动词）。
延续性动词表示 如read，live，study，work
非延续性动词表示 如come，arrive，go，leave
在完成时中，如果要和表示段时间的状语连用，需要把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。
eg：The Giant has left for a long time.→ The Giant has been away for a long time.
He has come for two hours.→He has been here for two hours.
常见短暂性动词和延续性动词转换
非延续性动词 延续性动词 非延续性动词 延续性动词
buy become
borrow open
leave close
arrive/reach/get/move get married
come/go get up
begin/start come back
stop/finish/end fall asleep
die go out
join catch a cold
lose put on
但是，在否定句中，非延续性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
eg：She hasn’t come to school for a week,她已经一周没来上学了。
如果想知道某事到现在已持续了多长时间，要用 how long 来提问，而不能用 when。
eg：How long have you lived here 你住在这里有多久了
How long have they been friends 他们成为朋友已经多久了
Exercise Ⅱ. 按要求完成句子
1. Tom joined the Party in 1997.(用since 1997改写句子)
Tom_______ ________ ________the Party since 1997.
2. He has gone home.(改为否定句)
He_________ _________home.
3. He has had lunch at home.(改为疑问句)
_________he________ ________at home
4.They have been playing football for two hours.(对画线部分提问)
_________ _________ they playing football
have been to & have gone to
have/has gone to She has gone to New York, 她去纽约了。(她现在还没回来)
have/has been to She has been to New York twice.她去过纽约两次了。(她已经回来了)
have/has been in I have been in Beijing for 5 years. 我在北京待了5年了。
语法专练
一、用 for 或 since 填空
1. I haven't done much exercise I was ill last year.
2. 1've been ill about five days!
3. It has been 3 years Nick joined the army.
4. I have stayed in the hotel a week ago.
5. I have known her 2022.
6.I have studied English__________ I was four.
7.His father has been in the factory __________10 years ago.
8.I have lived here_________five years.
9.Mr Green has worked here__________he came to China.
10.His grandparents have been dead_________several years.
11. It's five years __________we met last time.
12.It's about ten years___________she left the city.
13.Jessica has done her homework__________two hours.
14.She has been away from the city___________ about ten years.
15.He has lived in Nanjing ___________ the year before last.
二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.My grandparents (marry)for over 60 years.
2.Tom (have)the book for three days.
3. The film (be)on since 5 minutes ago.
4. I (work)here since I (move) here in 1999.
5. --How long has the dog (die)
--For a week.
三、单项选择
（ ）1. ---Have you had your car a long time
---Not really, I have had it two months ago.
since; for B. for; since C. for; for D. since; since
（ ）2. The Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games for a long time, but we still
remember the wonderful time together.
A. ended B. finished C. have finished D. have been over
（ ）3. My sister has learned English .
A. for twelve years ago B. since she was four
C. twelve years ago D, at the age of four
（ ）4. ---lt's time to work now.
---OK,'l wake Carl up. He for an hour.
A. has fallen asleep B. has been asleep
C. fell asleep D. falls asleep
（ ）5. I China for three months and this is the first time that I've tried on han fu.
have gone to B. have been to C.have arrived in D. have been in
（ ）6. Hurry up!The movie for ten minutes.
has begun B. began C. has been on D. has been
（ ）7. ---Does your uncle still live in Beijing
---No.He Beijing for many years.
A. has left B. has left from C. has been away from D. has left
（ ）8. How long you this house
have; bought B. did; buy C. have; had D. do; have
（ ）9. ---How do you like your English teacher
---He is great. We all love him. We friends since three years ago.
were B. have made C. have been D. have become
（ ）10. Shanghai Disney Resort for several years, but I there so far.
A. has opened; haven't gone B. has been open; haven't been
C. has been open; haven't gone D. has opened; haven't been
（ ）11. My uncle ______ the company for 10 years. He started working here in 2014.
A. has been in B. has joined C. joined D. is in
（ ）12. She ______ her hometown since she was 18. She misses it very much.
A. left B. has left C. has been away from D. was away from
（ ）13. When did you ______ your new bike I ______ it for two weeks.
buy; have had B. buy; have bought
C. have; have bought D. have; have had
（ ）14.The shop ______ since 9 o'clock this morning.
A. has opened B. opened C. has been open D. is open
（ ）15.My grandparents ______ in this village since they got married.
A. lived B. have lived C. have moved D. moved
（ ）16. —How long has the door ______
—For half an hour. The wind might have blown it open.
opened B. been open C. closed D. been closed
答案
定义 1.以前某个时间发生或者已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 2.表示过去已经开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 3.表示一个动作到现在已经发生了多少次。
标志词 already, just, yet, ever,never,for+一段时间,since+时间点/从句
句子结构 肯：主语+have/has 过去分词+其他 否： 主语+haven't/hasn't 过去分词+其他 疑：-Have/Has+主语+ 过去分词+ 其他 - Yes.主语+have/has./No,主语+ haven't/hasn't
过去分词变化规则 1.直+ed 2.去：不发音的e结尾,+d 3.双:双写词尾辅音字母+ed 4.改：“辅音+y”结尾，变y为i+ed 5.不规则变化
完成时与 过去时区别 一般过去时强调过去动作已经结束 现在完成时强调对现在的作用
例句 用法
Li Wei has worked in the factory for three years. for+时间段
Jim has taught guitar since 2003. since+过去时间点
Emma has been married since two years ago. since+时间段+ago
Mia has been a nurse since she finished her studies. since+一般过去时句子
总结：for强调 持续多久 ；since强调 从何时开始 ，经常用于
完成时+ since+过去时 结构。
Exercise I. 用since和for填空
1) for two years 2) since two years ago 3) since last month
4) since 1999 5) since yesterday 6) since 4 o’clock
7) for 4 hours 8) since an hour ago 9) since we were children
10) since she left here
11) He has lived in Nanjing since the year before last.
12) I’ve known him since we were children.
13) Our teacher has studied Japanese for three years.
14) It’s about ten years since she left the city.
延续性动词表示 动作可以持续一段时间 如read，live，study，work
非延续性动词表示 动作是瞬间完成的，不能持续 如come，arrive，go，leave
常见短暂性动词和延续性动词转换
非延续性动词 延续性动词 非延续性动词 延续性动词
buy have become be
borrow keep open be open
leave be away close be closed
arrive/reach/get/move be in/at get married be married
come/go be in/at get up be up
begin/start be on come back be back
stop/finish/end be over fall asleep be asleep
die be dead go out be out
join be in/be a member of catch a cold have a cold
lose not have put on wear
Exercise Ⅱ. 按要求完成句子
1. Tom joined the Party in 1997.(用since 1997改写句子)
Tom__has__ __been__ __in___the Party since 1997.
2. He has gone home.(改为否定句)
He___hasn't__ __gone___home.
3. He has had lunch at home.(改为疑问句)
__Has___he___had__ __lunch_at home
4.They have been playing football for two hours.(对画线部分提问)
__How___ __long___have they been playing football
have/has gone to 去了未回 She has gone to New York, 她去纽约了。(她现在还没回来)
have/has been to 去过已回 She has been to New York twice.她去过纽约两次了。(她已经回来了)
have/has been in 在某地待了多长时间 I have been in Beijing for 5 years. 我在北京待了5年了。
语法专练
一、用 for 或 since 填空
1. I haven't done much exercise since I was ill last year.
2. 1've been ill for about five days!
3. It has been 3 years since Nick joined the army.
4. I have stayed in the hotel since a week ago.
5. I have known her since 2022.
6.I have studied English___since___ I was four.
7.His father has been in the factory ____since__10 years ago.
8.I have lived here___for___five years.
9.Mr Green has worked here___since___he came to China.
10.His grandparents have been dead___for___several years.
11. It's five years ___since___we met last time.
12.It's about ten years__since____she left the city.
13.Jessica has done her homework___for___two hours.
14.She has been away from the city____for___ about ten years.
15.He has lived in Nanjing __since__ the year before last.
二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.My grandparents have been married (marry)for over 60 years.
2.Tom has had (have)the book for three days.
3. The film has been (be)on since 5 minutes ago.
4. I have worked (work)here since I moved (move) here in 1999.
5. --How long has the dog been dead (die)
--For a week.
三、单项选择
BDBBD CCCCB ACDCBB
语法复习
定义 1. 2. 3.
标志词
句子结构 肯： 否： 疑：
过去分词变化规则 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
完成时与 过去时区别
教材原句
The Giant has been away for a long time.巨人外出了很长一段时间。
Since then，he hasn't seen a child there.自那以后，他再也没在那见到一个孩子。
语法要点
这两个句子都使用了现在完成时，谓语由“has/have+动词的过去分词”构成。现在完成时在句中表示某一行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在，与for a long time 和 since then 这两个时间状语连用。
语法讲解
在本单元，我们要学习现在完成时的另一种用法:表示某个行为或状态从过去某时间一直持续到现在。在这个用法中，现在完成时常与for或since 引导的时间状语连用。要注意，for后接一段时间，如 for a long time, for months,for two weeks 等;而 since 后多接时间点，如 since then,since 2022,since last Monday等。
eg：I have lived here for five years.我在这里已经住了五年。
I have waited for the bus for twenty minutes.我等公交车已经等了二十分钟。They have been good friends since high school.他们从高中起就是好朋友。
She has been more confident since she joined the drama club.自从她加入戏剧社后，就变得更自信了。
since和for用法
例句 用法
Li Wei has worked in the factory for three years.
Jim has taught guitar since 2003.
Emma has been married since two years ago.
Mia has been a nurse since she finished her studies.
总结：for强调 ；since强调 ，经常用于 结构。
Exercise I. 用since和for填空
1) two years 2) two years ago 3) last month
4) 1999 5) yesterday 6) 4 o’clock
7) 4 hours 8) an hour ago 9) we were children
10) she left here
11) He has lived in Nanjing the year before last.
12) I’ve known him we were children.
13) Our teacher has studied Japanese three years.
14) It’s about ten years she left the city.
延续性动词VS非延续性动词
eg：His father died in 1992. 他父亲于1992年去世。（断气的一瞬间）
→ His father has been dead for many years. 他父亲去世很多年了。（死亡的状态）
eg：He bought a house in 2005. 他在2005年买了一套房子。（交房的一瞬间）
→ He has had a house since 2005.自从2005年他就有一套房子。（拥有的状态）
在英语中，按其动作发生的方式以及动作发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词（短暂性动词/瞬间性动词）。
延续性动词表示 如read，live，study，work
非延续性动词表示 如come，arrive，go，leave
在完成时中，如果要和表示段时间的状语连用，需要把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。
eg：The Giant has left for a long time.→ The Giant has been away for a long time.
He has come for two hours.→He has been here for two hours.
常见短暂性动词和延续性动词转换
非延续性动词 延续性动词 非延续性动词 延续性动词
buy become
borrow open
leave close
arrive/reach/get/move get married
come/go get up
begin/start come back
stop/finish/end fall asleep
die go out
join catch a cold
lose put on
但是，在否定句中，非延续性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
eg：She hasn’t come to school for a week,她已经一周没来上学了。
如果想知道某事到现在已持续了多长时间，要用 how long 来提问，而不能用 when。
eg：How long have you lived here 你住在这里有多久了
How long have they been friends 他们成为朋友已经多久了
Exercise Ⅱ. 按要求完成句子
1. Tom joined the Party in 1997.(用since 1997改写句子)
Tom_______ ________ ________the Party since 1997.
2. He has gone home.(改为否定句)
He_________ _________home.
3. He has had lunch at home.(改为疑问句)
_________he________ ________at home
4.They have been playing football for two hours.(对画线部分提问)
_________ _________ they playing football
have been to & have gone to
have/has gone to She has gone to New York, 她去纽约了。(她现在还没回来)
have/has been to She has been to New York twice.她去过纽约两次了。(她已经回来了)
have/has been in I have been in Beijing for 5 years. 我在北京待了5年了。
语法专练
一、用 for 或 since 填空
1. I haven't done much exercise I was ill last year.
2. 1've been ill about five days!
3. It has been 3 years Nick joined the army.
4. I have stayed in the hotel a week ago.
5. I have known her 2022.
6.I have studied English__________ I was four.
7.His father has been in the factory __________10 years ago.
8.I have lived here_________five years.
9.Mr Green has worked here__________he came to China.
10.His grandparents have been dead_________several years.
11. It's five years __________we met last time.
12.It's about ten years___________she left the city.
13.Jessica has done her homework__________two hours.
14.She has been away from the city___________ about ten years.
15.He has lived in Nanjing ___________ the year before last.
二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.My grandparents (marry)for over 60 years.
2.Tom (have)the book for three days.
3. The film (be)on since 5 minutes ago.
4. I (work)here since I (move) here in 1999.
5. --How long has the dog (die)
--For a week.
三、单项选择
（ ）1. ---Have you had your car a long time
---Not really, I have had it two months ago.
since; for B. for; since C. for; for D. since; since
（ ）2. The Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games for a long time, but we still
remember the wonderful time together.
A. ended B. finished C. have finished D. have been over
（ ）3. My sister has learned English .
A. for twelve years ago B. since she was four
C. twelve years ago D, at the age of four
（ ）4. ---lt's time to work now.
---OK,'l wake Carl up. He for an hour.
A. has fallen asleep B. has been asleep
C. fell asleep D. falls asleep
（ ）5. I China for three months and this is the first time that I've tried on han fu.
have gone to B. have been to C.have arrived in D. have been in
（ ）6. Hurry up!The movie for ten minutes.
has begun B. began C. has been on D. has been
（ ）7. ---Does your uncle still live in Beijing
---No.He Beijing for many years.
A. has left B. has left from C. has been away from D. has left
（ ）8. How long you this house
have; bought B. did; buy C. have; had D. do; have
（ ）9. ---How do you like your English teacher
---He is great. We all love him. We friends since three years ago.
were B. have made C. have been D. have become
（ ）10. Shanghai Disney Resort for several years, but I there so far.
A. has opened; haven't gone B. has been open; haven't been
C. has been open; haven't gone D. has opened; haven't been
（ ）11. My uncle ______ the company for 10 years. He started working here in 2014.
A. has been in B. has joined C. joined D. is in
（ ）12. She ______ her hometown since she was 18. She misses it very much.
A. left B. has left C. has been away from D. was away from
（ ）13. When did you ______ your new bike I ______ it for two weeks.
buy; have had B. buy; have bought
C. have; have bought D. have; have had
（ ）14.The shop ______ since 9 o'clock this morning.
A. has opened B. opened C. has been open D. is open
（ ）15.My grandparents ______ in this village since they got married.
A. lived B. have lived C. have moved D. moved
（ ）16. —How long has the door ______
—For half an hour. The wind might have blown it open.
opened B. been open C. closed D. been closed
答案
定义 1.以前某个时间发生或者已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 2.表示过去已经开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 3.表示一个动作到现在已经发生了多少次。
标志词 already, just, yet, ever,never,for+一段时间,since+时间点/从句
句子结构 肯：主语+have/has 过去分词+其他 否： 主语+haven't/hasn't 过去分词+其他 疑：-Have/Has+主语+ 过去分词+ 其他 - Yes.主语+have/has./No,主语+ haven't/hasn't
过去分词变化规则 1.直+ed 2.去：不发音的e结尾,+d 3.双:双写词尾辅音字母+ed 4.改：“辅音+y”结尾，变y为i+ed 5.不规则变化
完成时与 过去时区别 一般过去时强调过去动作已经结束 现在完成时强调对现在的作用
例句 用法
Li Wei has worked in the factory for three years. for+时间段
Jim has taught guitar since 2003. since+过去时间点
Emma has been married since two years ago. since+时间段+ago
Mia has been a nurse since she finished her studies. since+一般过去时句子
总结：for强调 持续多久 ；since强调 从何时开始 ，经常用于
完成时+ since+过去时 结构。
Exercise I. 用since和for填空
1) for two years 2) since two years ago 3) since last month
4) since 1999 5) since yesterday 6) since 4 o’clock
7) for 4 hours 8) since an hour ago 9) since we were children
10) since she left here
11) He has lived in Nanjing since the year before last.
12) I’ve known him since we were children.
13) Our teacher has studied Japanese for three years.
14) It’s about ten years since she left the city.
延续性动词表示 动作可以持续一段时间 如read，live，study，work
非延续性动词表示 动作是瞬间完成的，不能持续 如come，arrive，go，leave
常见短暂性动词和延续性动词转换
非延续性动词 延续性动词 非延续性动词 延续性动词
buy have become be
borrow keep open be open
leave be away close be closed
arrive/reach/get/move be in/at get married be married
come/go be in/at get up be up
begin/start be on come back be back
stop/finish/end be over fall asleep be asleep
die be dead go out be out
join be in/be a member of catch a cold have a cold
lose not have put on wear
Exercise Ⅱ. 按要求完成句子
1. Tom joined the Party in 1997.(用since 1997改写句子)
Tom__has__ __been__ __in___the Party since 1997.
2. He has gone home.(改为否定句)
He___hasn't__ __gone___home.
3. He has had lunch at home.(改为疑问句)
__Has___he___had__ __lunch_at home
4.They have been playing football for two hours.(对画线部分提问)
__How___ __long___have they been playing football
have/has gone to 去了未回 She has gone to New York, 她去纽约了。(她现在还没回来)
have/has been to 去过已回 She has been to New York twice.她去过纽约两次了。(她已经回来了)
have/has been in 在某地待了多长时间 I have been in Beijing for 5 years. 我在北京待了5年了。
语法专练
一、用 for 或 since 填空
1. I haven't done much exercise since I was ill last year.
2. 1've been ill for about five days!
3. It has been 3 years since Nick joined the army.
4. I have stayed in the hotel since a week ago.
5. I have known her since 2022.
6.I have studied English___since___ I was four.
7.His father has been in the factory ____since__10 years ago.
8.I have lived here___for___five years.
9.Mr Green has worked here___since___he came to China.
10.His grandparents have been dead___for___several years.
11. It's five years ___since___we met last time.
12.It's about ten years__since____she left the city.
13.Jessica has done her homework___for___two hours.
14.She has been away from the city____for___ about ten years.
15.He has lived in Nanjing __since__ the year before last.
二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.My grandparents have been married (marry)for over 60 years.
2.Tom has had (have)the book for three days.
3. The film has been (be)on since 5 minutes ago.
4. I have worked (work)here since I moved (move) here in 1999.
5. --How long has the dog been dead (die)
--For a week.
三、单项选择
BDBBD CCCCB ACDCBB
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