8A Unit 4 DIY 精编知识清单
Part 1 词汇变形 + 短语背诵
一、词汇变形
原词(词性) 变形1(词性) 变形2(词性) 中文含义
handyman (n.) handymen (n. 复数) —— 手巧的人;杂务工→复数形式
instruct (v.) instruction (n.) instructions (n. 复数) 指导;指示→指令;用法说明→复数(用法说明)
paint (v./n.) painter (n.) painted (v. 过去式) 粉刷;油漆→画家→粉刷(过去式)
glue (v./n.) glued (v. 过去式) gluey (adj.) 粘贴;胶水→粘贴(过去式)→黏糊糊的
mistake (n./v.) mistakes (n. 复数) mistaken (adj.) 错误;犯错→错误(复数)→弄错的
danger (n.) dangerous (adj.) dangerously (adv.) 危险→危险的→危险地
prepare (v.) preparation (n.) preparations (n. 复数) 准备→准备(单数)→准备工作(复数)
possible (adj.) impossible (adj.) possibility (n.) 可能的→不可能的→可能性
tidy (adj./v.) untidy (adj.) tidied (v. 过去式) 整洁的;整理→不整洁的→整理(过去式)
happy (adj.) unhappy (adj.) happily (adv.) 开心的→不开心的→开心地
reduce (v.) reduction (n.) reduced (v. 过去式) 减少→减少(名词)→减少(过去式)
active (adj.) inactive (adj.) actively (adv.) 积极的→不积极的→积极地
二、短语背诵
1. make mooncakes(做月饼,Welcome)
2. paint a wall(粉刷一面墙,Welcome)
3. put together a shelf(组装一个架子,Welcome)
4. cut the flower shapes(剪出花朵形状,Welcome)
5. tape or glue the pieces together(用胶带或胶水把碎片粘在一起,Welcome)
6. be crazy about (doing) sth(热衷于(做)某事,Reading1)
7. a born handyman(一个天生手巧的人,Reading1)
8. make a mistake(犯一个错误,Reading1)
9. a power cut(一次停电,Reading1)
10. catch one's eye(引起某人的注意,Reading1)
11. take an online DIY course(参加在线 DIY 课程,Reading1)
12. hand the tools to sb(把工具递给某人,Grammar)
13. make sure(确保,Grammar)
14. mix sth up(把某物混合起来,Grammar)
15. put the brush into the paint(把刷子放进油漆里,Grammar)
16. feel very proud and happy(感到非常自豪和开心,Integration)
17. reduce waste(减少浪费,Integration)
18. add...to...(把…… 加到…… 上,Integration)
e up with new ways(想出新方法,技能拓展)
20. stay up late(熬夜,Grammar)
Part 2 单元知识点考点汇总
1. 知识点:be crazy about (doing) sth
【用法】表示 “热衷于(做)某事”,about 为介词,后接名词、代词或动词 - ing 形式;be 动词随主语人称 / 单复数变化(am/is/are)。【搭配】be crazy about + n./pron./doing sth【例句】My cousin is crazy about DIY.(Reading1,描述表弟对 DIY 的热爱);Sarah is crazy about reading.(Reading1 基础巩固短文)【即学即用】Tom ______ (be) crazy about ______ (play) basketball. He plays it every day.(答案:is; playing)
2. 知识点:had better (not) do sth
【用法】表示 “最好(不)做某事”,用于提建议;后接动词原形,无人称和数的变化;否定形式为 “had better not do sth”,可缩写为 “'d better (not) do sth”。【搭配】had better do sth /had better not do sth【例句】You'd better not get too much paint on the brush.(Grammar,DIY 操作建议);We'd better not stay up late, or we'll feel sleepy in class.(Grammar 基础巩固)【即学即用】You ______ better ______ (leave) now, or you will miss the bus.(答案:had; leave);We'd better not ______ (make) noise in the library.(答案:make)
3. 知识点:make sure (to do sth /that 从句)
【用法】表示 “确保;确信”,后可接动词不定式(to do sth)或 that 引导的宾语从句(that 可省略)。【搭配】make sure to do sth /make sure (that) + 从句【例句】Make sure to close the window before you leave.;You should make sure (that) all the tools are put away.(Grammar,DIY 后整理工具的提醒)【即学即用】Please make sure ______ (turn) off the light when you go out.(答案:to turn);Make sure ______ you finish your homework on time.(答案:that)
4. 知识点:add...to...
【用法】表示 “把…… 加到…… 上”,指将某物添加到另一物中或表面;宾语为代词时,需放在 add 之后(add it to sth),不可放在 add 和 to 之间。【搭配】add + 宾语 + to + 宾语【例句】We added some colourful thread onto the head—that was the doll's hair.(Integration,制作玩偶的步骤);Add some salt to the soup, and it will taste better.【即学即用】She ______ (add) a little sugar to her coffee just now.(答案:added);Please add ______ (they) to the list.(答案:them)
5. 知识点:It's + adj. + for sb to do sth
【用法】表示 “对某人来说做某事是…… 的”,it 为形式主语,真正主语是后面的动词不定式(to do sth);adj. 多为描述事物性质的词(如 dangerous, easy, difficult)。【搭配】It's + adj. + for sb + to do sth【例句】It is dangerous for little kids to use scissors.(Grammar 基础巩固,使用剪刀的安全提示);It's easy for us to make paper roses.(Welcome,制作纸玫瑰的描述)【即学即用】It's ______ (important) for us ______ (learn) English well.(答案:important; to learn);It's difficult for him ______ (fix) the broken shelf.(答案:to fix)
Part 3 语法专项突破
考点一:否定前缀(un-, im-)
【核心规则】
1. 前缀un-:加在形容词前,表 “不……”,常见例词:
tidy(整洁的)→ untidy(不整洁的)
happy(开心的)→ unhappy(不开心的)
lucky(幸运的)→ unlucky(不幸的)
active(积极的)→ inactive(不积极的)
2. 前缀im-:加在以 “p” 开头的形容词前,表 “不……”,常见例词:
possible(可能的)→ impossible(不可能的)
polite(礼貌的)→ impolite(不礼貌的)
perfect(完美的)→ imperfect(不完美的)
【例句】
1. The room is untidy because I didn't tidy it up.(Reading1,描述房间状态)
2. It's impossible for him to finish the work in an hour.(Reading2,完成工作的可能性)
【即学即用】
1. She is ______ (polite) to talk to the old man like that.(答案:impolite)
2. The weather is ______ (happy) today. It's raining heavily.(答案:unhappy)
考点二:“had better” 的用法
【核心规则】
1. 基本结构:had better + 动词原形(表 “最好做某事”),had 可缩写为 'd;
2. 否定结构:had better not + 动词原形(表 “最好不做某事”);
3. 无第三人称单数变化(不可说 “he has better”,需说 “he had better”)。
【例句】
1. You'd better put all the books back on the shelf.(Grammar 基础巩固,整理书籍的建议)
2. He had better go to see a doctor. He has a fever.
【即学即用】
1. We ______ (had) better ______ (call) him now. He is waiting for us.(答案:had; call)
2. You'd better not ______ (touch) the wet paint.(答案:touch)
考点三:DIY 工具类名词单复数
【核心规则】
1. 规则变化:
一般加 s:tool→tools(工具)、flower→flowers(花朵)、thread→threads(线);
以 s/x/ch/sh 结尾加 es:brush→brushes(刷子)、watch→watches(手表);
以 f/fe 结尾,变 f/fe 为 v 加 es:shelf→shelves(架子)、knife→knives(刀);
2. 不规则变化:handyman→handymen(杂务工)(随 man→men 变化)。
【例句】
1. These brushes are big enough to paint the wall.(Grammar 基础巩固,刷子的复数)
2. He bought two shelves to put his DIY materials.(Welcome,架子的复数)
【即学即用】
1. I need three ______ (brush) to paint the door.(答案:brushes)
2. There are five ______ (handyman) working on the DIY project.(答案:handymen)
考点四:“动词 + 副词” 短语(代词宾语位置)
【核心规则】
1. 结构特点:如 mix up(混合)、put away(收起)、cut up(切碎),宾语位置分两种情况:
宾语是名词:可放中间或后面(mix the paint up /mix up the paint);
宾语是代词:必须放中间(mix it up,不可说 mix up it);
2. 作业高频短语:hand to(递给,“to” 是介词,代词放 hand 后:hand it to me)。
【例句】
1. Don't mix them up. They are different types of glue.(Grammar,混合胶水的提醒)
2. Hand the tools to me, please.(Grammar,递工具的请求)
【即学即用】
1. Cut ______ (the apple) up and share it with your sister.(答案:the apple /it)
2. Please put ______ (them) away. The DIY table is messy.(答案:them)
Part 4 易错点解析 + 即学即用
一、高频易错点解析
1. 否定前缀混淆错误:possible→unpossible(possible 以 p 开头,需用 im-)、tidy→intidy(tidy 非 p 开头,需用 un-);正确:possible→impossible、tidy→untidy。
2. 名词单复数拼写错误错误:brush→brushs(以 sh 结尾,需加 es)、shelf→shelfs(以 f 结尾,变 f 为 v 加 es);正确:brush→brushes、shelf→shelves。
3. “had better” 否定形式错误错误:had not better do sth(not 应放在 better 后)、he has better do sth(无第三人称变化,用 had);正确:had better not do sth、he had better do sth。
4. 动词短语代词位置错误错误:mix up them(代词需放中间)、hand to me the tools(需说 hand the tools to me);正确:mix them up、hand the tools to me。
5. 介词搭配错误错误:add...in...(添加需用 add...to...)、put the brush on the paint(放进需用 put...into...);正确:add...to...、put the brush into the paint。
二、单元综合即学即用
1. It's ______ (danger) for kids to play with scissors. Keep the scissors away.(答案:dangerous)
2. My sister is crazy about ______ (make) paper lanterns. She makes one every festival.(答案:making)
3. You'd better ______ (not forget) to bring the glue. We need it to stick the pieces.(答案:not forget)
4. These ______ (shelf) are too small. We need bigger ones for the books.(答案:shelves)
5. Please mix ______ (they) up well. Then we can start making the DIY doll.(答案:them)
6. She added some ______ (colour) paper to the card to make it beautiful.(答案:coloured)
7. Make sure ______ (close) the window before you leave the DIY room.(答案:to close)
8. It's impossible for him ______ (finish) the handwork in 10 minutes.(答案:to finish)