外研版中考英语总复习（中册）第三篇 语法考点焦聚 专题13 主谓一致

专题13
主谓一致
英语句子中的谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,
即：主语是单数形式,
谓语动词也用单数形式；主语是复数形式,
谓语动词也用复数形式。而在实际使用中,
又有一些具体情况,
概括起来,
主谓一致要遵循以下三个原则,
即：语法一致,
概念一致,
就近原则。主谓一致是中考常考内容,
“就近原则”在中考试题中出现几率较高。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
☆☆考点一
语法一致
1.
如果主语是第三人称单数形式,
谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式。如：
My
parents
are
teachers.
我父母是教师。
Every
student
has
an
English-Chinese
dictionary.
每个学生都有一本英汉词典。
2.
each,
either,
neither,
one,
no
one,
nobody,
nothing,
anything,
anybody,
everybody,
everything等不定代词作主语时,
谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：
Each
of
them
has
been
to
Beijing.
他们每个人都曾去过北京。
Neither
of
them
likes
the
film.
他们俩人谁也不喜欢那部电影。
3.
主语的数不受其后修饰它的短语的影响,
如：with…,
along
with…,
together
with…,
but(介词)…,
except….
,
besides…,
like(介词)…,
rather
than…(而不是)等短语。如：
Tom,
together
with
h
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is
parents
has
visited
the
Great
Wall.
汤姆和他父母一起参观过长城。
Nobody
but
two
girls
was
in
the
reading-room.
除了两个女孩外,
阅览室里没有人。
【链接中考】
(河北省卷)
Everyone
______
I
come
from
Sichuan.
Actually,
I
come
from
Shandong.
A.
find
B.
think
C.
finds
D.
thinks
【答案】D
（北京市）
The
reading
room
______
very
quiet.
I
enjoy
reading
books
there.
A.
am
B.
is
C.
are
D.
be
【答案】B
（青海省,
宁夏）
—Have
you
got
some
water
to
drink
—Here
you
are.
There
_______
still
some
in
the
bottle.
A.
are
B.
has
C.
is
D.
have
【答案】C
☆☆考点二
概念一致
1.
如果主语看似复数形式,
但它表示的是
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )单数意义时,
如：news,
works,
maths,
physics,
politics,
means,
the
United
States,
The
Arabian
Nights,
two
years
(pounds,
kilometers)
等,
谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式。如：
No
news
is
good
news.
没有消息就是好消息。
Politics
is
much
more
difficult
than
physics.
政治比物理更难。
The
teacher
and
writer
has
come
back.
那位教师兼作家已经回来了。
2.
what,
who,
which,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )all,
any,
none,
more,
most
等代词用作主语时,
谓语动词是用单数形式,
还是用复数形式要根据具体情况来确定。如：
What
you
said
is
very
important.
你所说的话很重要。
Which
are
their
chairs
哪些是他们的椅子？
3.
表示抽象概念的动词不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或名词性从句作主语时,
谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：
To
see
is
to
believe.
眼见为实。
Eating
too
much
is
gad
for
your
health.
吃得太多有害健康。
4.
people,
family,
class,
police,
rest,
army,
team,
party,
crowd,
group
等集体名词作主语时,
如果把它们作为一个整体看待时,
谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；如果按其组成成员看待时,
谓语动词用复数形式。如：
Her
family
is
a
large
one.
她的家是个大家庭。
Her
family
are
interested
in
football.
她家里的人都对足球感兴趣。
5.
由“分数＋of＋名词
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”或“百分数＋of名词”构成的短语作主语时,
如果of后面的名词是复数形式,
谓语动词用复数形式；如果of后面的名词为不可数名词或可数名词的单数形式,
那么谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：
Two
thirds
of
the
building
is
large
enough
for
us.
楼房的三分之三对我们来说就足够了。
Sixty-five
per
cent
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
of
the
books
have
been
written
in
English.
百分之六十五的书是用英语写的。
【链接中考】
（湖北省十堰市）
Climbing
hills
_______of
great
help
to
our
health.
A.
was
B.
were
C.
is
D.
are
【答案】C
（山东省滨州市）
How
time
flies!
Three
years
_______
really
a
short
time.
A.
is
B.
are
C.
was
D.
were
【答案】A
（四川省巴中市）
In
our
school
library,
there
______
a
number
of
books
on
science
and
the
number
of
them
_____
growing
larger
and
larger.
A.
is；are
B.
are；is
C.
have；is
【答案】B
☆☆考点三
就近原则
1.
当两个主语用or,
eith
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er…
or…,
neither…
nor…,
not
only…
but
also…,
not…
but…等连词连接时,
谓语动词应和与它们的主语在数上保持一致。如：
Either
Mary
or
he
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r
brothers
are
going
to
help
me.
或者是玛丽,
或者是她的兄弟们将来帮助我。
Not
the
workers
but
their
boss
was
wrong.
不是工人们而是他们的老板错了。
2.
由here
/
there引导的句子,
谓语动词的单复数形式和作主语的第一个名词或代词在数上保持一致。如：
Here
is
an
apple
and
two
pears
for
you.
这是给你的一个苹果两个梨。
There
are
two
books,
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ree
rulers
and
a
pen
on
the
desk.
桌子上在两本书、三把尺子和一支钢笔。
【链接中考】
（福建省福州市）
—Leo,
_______
no
milk
or
eggs
in
the
fridge.
—Oh,
I’ll
go
and
buy
some
right
away.
A.
it
is
B.
there
is
C.
there
are
【答案】B