外研版中考英语总复习(上册)第二篇 课本要点梳理 第八讲 八下 Modules 6-10

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名称 外研版中考英语总复习(上册)第二篇 课本要点梳理 第八讲 八下 Modules 6-10
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Modules
6-10
必考词汇
◆1.
among
among介词,意为“(表示位置)处在…中,
为…所环绕,
为…所环抱”,例如:
He
was
sitting
among
a
group
of
children,
telling
them
a
story.
他正坐在一群孩子中间讲故事。
『辨析活用』between和among

between一般指“两者之间”,而among用于三个或三个以上的人或物之中,或笼统的一群人或一些物之中,表示“在……中间”。例如:
Between
the
door
and
the
windows
there
is
a
map.
门和窗户的中间有一张地图。
The
young
people
lived
and
worked
among
the
workers.
那些年青人生活、工作在工人之中。

between还可以用来指三个或三个
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )以上的人或物的每两个之间。三个或三个以上的名词用and连接,前面用between,而不用among。例如:
There
does
not
seem
much
difference
between
the
three
of
them.
Switzerland
lies
betw
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )een
France,
Germany,
Austria
and
Italy.
瑞士位于法、德、奥、意之间。

among可用来表示一个比较的范围,=one
of,常与最高级连用。例如:
She
is
the
tallest
among
her
classmates.
她在她同学之中是最高的。
【链接中考】
(福建省晋江市)
—Peter,
can
you
tell
me
the
differences
_______
the
four
words
—Sorry,
I
don’t
know.
A.
between
B.
among
C.
for
【答案】B
◆2.
although
although连词,意为“尽管,虽然”,可以引导让步状语从句。注意不能和but连用,但可以和yet,
still等连用。例如:
Although
it
was
very
late,
he
went
on
working.
虽然很晚了,他还继续工作。
『辨析活用』
though与although意义相同,有
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时指假设的情况,不指事实,所引导的从句用虚拟语气;而although多指事实,所引导的从句用陈述语气。例如:
I
will
try
it,
though
I
may
fail.
即使我可能失败,
我也要试一下。
Although
it
w
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as
so
cold,
he
went
out
without
an
overcoat.
天气虽然很冷,
他没有穿大衣就出去了。
【链接中考】
(山东省滨州市)
1.
_______
many
chi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ldren
like
KFC,
I
think
they’d
better
try
not
to
eat
it
too
often.
A.
Because
B.
When
C.
Although
D.
If
【答案】C
(河南省)
2.
it’s
d
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ifficult
to
make
her
dream
come
true,she
never
gives
up
A
Though
B
Unless
C
Because
D
If
【答案】A
◆3.
except
except是介词,表示“除去,把
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )……除外”,后面可以接名词、代词、动词、介词短语,或连词等引导的从句。but为except的同义词。例如:
We
all
agreed
except
him.
我们都同意,
只有他不同意。
『辨析活用』besides;except;except
for
◇besides是介词,意为“除了……以外(
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )还有),具有肯定和附加的涵义,即表示“在……之外,还另加……”,后接名词、动词-ing形式或代词。
Besides
English,
he
is
good
at
French.
除了英语以外,他的法语也很好。
◇except只作介词,是“除……之外(不包括本身在内)”的意思,有否定和排除的涵义,表示从整体中除去一部分。
We
all
succeed
except
him.
除了他以外,我们都获得了成功。
◇except
for有时
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )可以与except互换,表示“除了……以外”,位于句首时只能用except
for。Except
for
George,
we
can
all
go.
除乔治以外,我们都可以去。
【链接中考】
(湖北省襄樊市)
—We’re
all
here
______
Lily.
Where’s
she
—She’s
gone
to
the
library.
A.
beside
B.
besides
C.
except
D.
of
【答案】C
◆4.
hardly
hardly虽然是副词,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )但不是hard的副词形式。它的意思是“几乎不”,“简直不”,相当于一个否定词,前面多和can连用,意思上接近于almost
not。由于hardly本身已经表示否定,不应当再加否定词。例如:
My
legs
were
so
weak
I
could
hardly
stand.
我的腿软得简直不能站立。
【拓展】
◇hard可用作形容词或副词。用作形容词时,hard意为“困难的;艰难的”。例如:
The
problem
is
so
hard
that
I
can’t
work
it
out.
这题太难了,我算不出来。
◇hard用作副词,意为“努力地”,“猛烈地”。
The
people
are
all
working
hard.
人们都在努力工作。
The
little
girl
looked
at
me
and
cried
harder
and
harder.
那小女孩看了看我,哭得越来越厉害。
【链接中考】
(湖北省荆州市)
—Do
you
think
yesterday’s
math
problem
was
difficult
—Yes.
I
could
______
work
it
out.
A.
hardly
B.
easily
C.
finally
D.
nearly
【答案】A
◆5.
while
while意为“在……的同时”,“在…
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )…期间”,它只可指一段时间,而不可指一点时间。常用来表示发生某事的同时又发生另一件事。主要强调主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生。
While
we
were
talking,
he
came
in.
我们谈话时,他进来了。
『辨析活用』when,
while和as
◇when意为“当……时刻”或“在从个时间段里”。

when引导的从句往往指当
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )从句的动作在某个时间点或时间段发生时,主句的动作发生。因此。从句的动词既可是非延续性动词(发生在时间点)。也可以是延续性动词(发生在时间段内)。
He
was
talking
happily
when
we
got
there.
(get是非延续性动词)
当我们到那儿的时候,他正高兴地与人交谈着。
My
pen
dropped
on
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
the
ground
when
I
was
walking
in
the
park.
(walk是延续性动词)
当我走在公园里的时候,我的笔掉在了地上。

when还可以表示“就在那时,突然……”
I
was
just
falli
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng
asleep
when
there
was
a
loud
knock
at
the
door.
就在我刚刚入睡的时候,突然听到一阵响亮的敲门声。
◇while意为“在……期间”.“当……时候”,“和……同时”。

while只用于时间段而
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )不用于时间点,从句的动词只能用延续性动词而决不能用非延续性动词,也就是说,只有当when从句中是延续性动词时,它的用法才等同于while的这一用法。
Don’t
talk
while
you
are
doing
your
homework.
做作业的时候别讲话。

while常表示当主句的延续性动作正在发生时,从句的延续性动作也在同时发生。
While
the
doctors
w
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ere
carrying
the
man
to
the
hospital,
the
policemen
were
watching
the
traffic.
医生们将这个男人送往医院的同时,警察们在监督交通情况.

while还可以用于对比。
She
is
very
diligent,
while
he
is
very
lazy.
她很勤奋,而他却很懒。
◇as意为“正当……”“与……
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )同时”。主句与从句中动词的用法与when相同,但当主句和从句都用延续性动词时,主句和从句的动词既可以都用进行时态,也可以一个用进行时态,一个不用。
As
we
walked
on,
we
talked
about
something
interesting
in
class.
当我们一起走的时候.我们谈论着班上一些有趣的事情。
【链接中考】
(河北省卷)
Peter
likes
reading
a
newspaper
he
is
having
breakfast.
A.
until
B.
while
C.
because
D.
though
【答案】B
常考短语
◆1.
as
soon
as
as
soon
as意为“一……就……
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”,引导时间状语从句,如果主句是一般将来时,则该从句用一般现在时;如果主句是一般现在时,则该从句也用一般现在时。例如:
  I’ll
telephone
you
as
soon
as
I
get
there.
我一到那儿,就给你打电话。
  The
baby
stopped
cr
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ying
as
soon
as
he
saw
his
mother.
一见到他妈妈,小婴儿就不哭了。
【链接中考】
(恩施市)
1.
He
will
come
here
right
away
______
he
hears
the
news.
A.
so
B.
as
soon
as
C.
because
D.
though
【答案】B
(北京市)
2.
Tom
will
call
me
as
soon
as
he
______
home.
A.
gets
B.
has
got
C.
got
D.
will
get
【答案】A
◆2.
depend
on
depend主要意思为“依靠”、“依赖”、“取决于”等,只用作不及物动词,通常与介词
on,
upon
连用,主要用法有:

depend
on
[upon]+某人或某物。例如:
Whether
we’ll
go
camping
depends
on
the
weather.
我们是否去野营要看天气。
有时可在某人或某物后用介词
for。例如:
We
depend
on
the
radio
for
news.
我们靠收音机听新闻。

depend
on
[upon]+某人或某物+不定式或动名词。例如:
I’m
depending
on
you
to
do
the
work.
我指望你做这工作。

depend
on
[upon]+从句。例如:
Our
success
de
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pends
on
whether
everyone
works
hard
or
not.
我们的成功取决于每个人是否努力。
【链接中考】
(湖北省黄石市)
Whether
I’ll
go
to
Shanghai
______
the
result
of
the
examination.
A.
belongs
to
B.
cares
about
C.
depends
on
D.
Aims
at
【答案】C
经典句型
◆1.
I
told
her
not
to
worry.
tell
sb.
To
do
sth.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
意为“让某人干某事”,其否定形式为tell
sb.
not
to
do
sth.
含义相近的结构还有ask
sb.
(not)
to
do
sth.
例如:
His
mum
told
him
not
to
fight
at
school.
他妈妈让他不要再学校打架。
【链接中考】
(河南省)
Father
often
tells
me
______
too
much
time
on
computer
games.
A
don’t
spend
B
not
spend
C
not
to
spend
D
not
spending
【答案】C
◆2.
I’m
looking
forward
to
this!
look
forward
to作“盼望
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )、期望”解,常用于表示愉快或满足的心情,期望或向往某事,例如:
Every
child
is
looking
forward
to
the
Spring
Festival.
We
are
looking
forward
to
seeing
each
other
soon.
注意:look
forward
to中to为介词,故接动词时应使用动名词。
【链接中考】
(黑龙江省哈尔滨市)
Every
one
of
you
is
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )looking
forward
______
getting
a
good
result.
Better
think
carefully
before
writing
down
your
answers.
Wish
you
success!
A.
on
B.
in
C.
to
【答案】C
(广西省定西市)
The
boy
is
looking
forward
to
a
good
time
after
the
exam.
A.
to
have
B.
has
C.
having
D.
have
【答案】C
◆3.
He
studied
medicine
so
that
he
could
become
a
doctor.

so
that引导目的状语从句,其从句中
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的谓语动词通常和can,
may,
should等情态动词连用,而且主句和从句之间不使用逗号,意为“以便,为了,使能够”。例如:
They
got
up
early
so
that
they
could
catch
the
early
bus.
为了能赶上早班车,他们早早就起床了。
Say
slowly
so
that
I
can
understand
you.
说慢点,好让我听明白。

so
that也可以用来引导结果
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )状语从句,意为“因此,结果”,这时其从句中的谓语动词不与情态动词连用。这种结构和so…that…引导的结果在含义上有很大的区别。so
that句型所表示的结果往往同主句有因果关系,而so…that…句型所表示的结果往往表明so后面形容词或副词和程度。请比较:
He
didn’t
plan
his
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )time
well,
so
that
he
didn’t
finish
his
work
in
time.
他没有把时间计划好,结果没有按时完成这项工作。(没按时完成这项工作的原因是没计划好时间)
It’s
so
hot
that
I
can’t
sleep.
天气热得我不能入睡。(天气热到人不能入睡的程度。)
【链接中考】
(广东省)
The
teacher
speaks
very
loudly
all
the
students
can
hear
her.
A.
so
that
B.
because
C.
since
D.
when
【答案】A
◆4.
So
would
I!
这个句型中的so与代词“这样”、“这么”
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )及连词“因此”、“所以”不同,在这个句型中,
so常用来代替上文中的形容词、名词或动名词,表示赞同。
  “So+be动词(助动词、情态
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )动词)+主语”结构用以承接前一句的内容,表示“(甲如此),乙也如此”。be动词、助动词、情态动词要和前一句的谓语动词保持一致。例如:
He
can
swim,
and
so
can
I.
他会游泳,我也会。
【注意】“So+谓语+主语”与“So+主语+谓语”的区别:
①当两个句子指的是两个人时,So后句子要倒装。例如:
He
is
a
student.
So
am
I.
他是个学生。我也是。
②当两个句子指的是同一个人时,So后句子不倒装。例如:
—Lucy
likes
dark
blue.
露西喜欢深蓝色。
—So
she
does.
是的。(她是喜欢深蓝色)
【链接中考】
(山东省莱芜市)
1.
Yao
Ming
works
hard
on
his
English
and
_______.
A.
so
Liu
Xiang
does
B.
so
is
Liu
Xiang
C.
so
does
Liu
Xiang
D.
so
Liu
Xiang
is
【答案】C
(甘肃省兰州市)
2.

I
hear
Huang
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Gang
made
an
English
speech
at
the
graduation
ceremony
yesterday.
—______,
and
______.
A.
So
he
did,
so
did
I
B.
So
did
he,
so
I
did
C.
So
he
was,
so
was
I
D.
So
was
he,
so
I
was
【答案】A
(四川省眉山市)
3.

My
brother
and
I
will
go
to
the
library
tomorrow.
—______.
Shall
we
go
together
A.
So
am
I
B.
So
do
I
C.
So
I
am
D.
So
will
I
【答案】D
◆5.
…although
it
wo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uld
take
so
long
that
you’d
need
to
come
back
immediately.
so…that…意为“如此……以致……”,引导表示结果的状浯从句。so是副词,用以修饰其后的形容词或副词,说明其程度的大小。
在“so…that…”句型中的that在口语中常可以省去,其意思不变。例如:
The
story
was
so
funny
it
made
everybody
1augh.
这故事太滑稽了,把大家都逗笑了。
本句型中的“so+adj.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )(adv.
)可以提至句首,以加强语气,但要注意用倒装语序。例如:So
bright
was
the
moon
that
the
flowers
were
bright
as
by
day.
在如此明亮的月光下,花儿就像在白天一样鲜艳。
【拓展】so.
.
.
that和such.
.
.
that都是表示“如此……以致于”,引导结果状语从句。用法上要注意so+形容词或副词;such十名词,that后面是一个完整的句子。
He
is
so
young
that
he
can’t
go
to
school.
He
is
such
a
young
boy
that
he
can’t
go
to
school.
●so…that与such…that的肯定形式可用enough
to改写,其否定形式则由too…to改写。
English
is
so
useful
that
we
must
learn
it
well.
→English
is
useful
enough
for
us
to
learn
it
well.
I’m
so
tired
that
I
can’t
go
any
farther.
→I’m
too
tired
to
go
any
farther.
【链接中考】
(青海省,宁夏)
1.
—Did
you
catch
what
the
teacher
said
—No.
She
spoke
so
fast
______
I
couldn’t
hear
her
very
clearly.
A.
which
B.
that
C.
when
D.
since
【答案】B
(江苏省宿迁市)
2.
This
is
_______
difficult
problem
that
few
students
can
work
it
out.
A.
so
B.
so
a
C.
such
D.
such
a
【答案】D
◆6.
From
most
teenagers
it
wouldn’t
be
a
holiday
at
all.
at
all用于否定句,意为:根本不、一点也不。例如:
It
wasn’t
difficult
at
all.
这一点也不难。
There
was
nothing
to
eat
at
all.
根本没什么可吃的。
注:在否定句中,at
all
可位于句末,也可跟在否定词后。例如:
He
isn’t
tired
at
all.
/
He’s
not
at
all
tired.
他一点也不累。
另外,在口语中单独说
not
at
all,
可用来回答感谢或道歉。例如:
—Thank
you
very
much.
多谢你了。
—Not
at
all.
不客气。
—I’m
sorry
to
keep
you
waiting.
对不起,让你久等了。
—Oh,
not
at
all.
噢,没关系。
【链接中考】
(江苏省镇江市)
1.

Jerry,
do
you
mind
my
pointing
out
your
mistakes
—_______.
Your
advice
is
of
great
value
to
me.
A.
Not
at
all
B.
You’d
better
not
C.
Of
course
D.
It’s
my
pleasure
【答案】A
(四川省巴中市)
2.

Would
you
mind
my
taking
this
seat
—______.
A.
Sorry,
I
can’t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
No,
not
at
all
C.
It’s
a
pleasure
【答案】B