外研版中考英语总复习(上册)第二篇 课本要点梳理 第五讲 八上 Modules 1-6

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名称 外研版中考英语总复习(上册)第二篇 课本要点梳理 第五讲 八上 Modules 1-6
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更新时间 2016-08-26 07:05:27

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Modules
1-6
必考词汇
◆1.
match
◇v.
(动词),意为“相配;十分相似;和……符合”。例如:
The
tie
matches
your
suit.
那条领带跟你的西装很相配。
It’s
difficult
to
match
the
color
of
old
paint.
很难找到和旧画颜色相配的色彩

n.
(名词),意为“火柴,
比赛,
竞赛,
匹配,
(足球,
捧球,
蓝球)比赛”。例如:
We
had
a
friendly
match
with
them.
我们与他们进行了一场友谊比赛。
The
chairs
and
the
desk
are
a
good
match.
这些椅子和这种书桌很相配。
【链接中考】
(湖北省武汉市)
—Why
don’t
you
choose
the
red
tie
—For
me,
it
doesn’t
______
my
shirt
very
well.
A.
fix
B.
accept
C.
compare
D.
match
【答案】D
◆2.
advice
advice是不可数名词,意为“建议”,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )可用some,much,a
piece
of,pieces
of等修饰,不能说an
advice或many/
a
few
advices,表示“有关……的建议”时,用介词on接名词、代词或由疑问词引导的不定式。例如:
Let’s
ask
for
his
advice
on
what
to
do
next.
我们去征求一下他的意见下一步该怎么办。
『常用搭配』
give
advice
on对……提出建议
take/follow
one’s
advice接受某人的建议
ask
for
advice征求意见
act
on
one’s
advice照某人的建议去做
accept/refuse
one’s
advice接受(拒绝)某人的建议
offer
advice
to
sb.
向某人提供建议
动词形式为advise
『常用搭配』
advise
sb.
to
do
sth.
建议某人去做某事。例如:
My
teacher
advises
me
to
leave
now.
老师建议我现在就离开。
【链接中考】
(新疆省阜康市)
Mr.
Black
gave
us
______on
how
to
learn
English
well.
A.
an
advice
B.
many
advices
C.
some
advice
D.
some
advices
【答案】C
◆3.
hear
hear通常表示某种声音“进入我们的耳朵”。是听到、听见的意思,指听的能力和结果,但不一定指有意识地听。
例如:
Suddenly
I
heard
a
strange
noise.
我突然听到一种奇怪的响声。
『辨析活用』

hear是“听见”、“听到”,不是有意识地听,侧重于“听”的结果。hear在作“听见”时,不能用现在进行时态中。
What
did
you
hear
just
now
你刚才听见什么了?

listen是“听”,指有意识地倾听,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )但不一定听见,侧重于“听”的动作。listen是不及物动词,后面常用介词to。listen
to可以用在进行时态中。
Please
listen
to
the
teacher
carefully
in
class.
课堂上请认真听讲。
【链接中考】
(山东省菏泽市)
I’m
sorry,
I
didn’t
______
you
clearly.
Would
you
say
it
again
A.
hear
B.
notice
C.
see
D.
watch
【答案】A
◆4.
sound

sound作动词,意为“似乎;听起来”。例如:
His
explanation
sounds
all
right.
他的解释似乎有理。
Your
idea
sounds
a
good
one.
你的想法听起来很好。

sound为连系动词,后边接形容词,构成系表结构。表示“听起来……”。
That
sounds
interesting.
那听起来很有趣。
That
sounds
boring.
那听起来很无聊。
[拓展]类似的其他常用连系动词:
taste尝起来
feel感受到
touch摸起来
smell闻起来
look看起来
【链接中考】
(.
浙江省衢州市)
1.

Shall
we
go
for
a
picnic
in
the
park
this
Saturday
—Oh,
that
______
good.
A.
feels
B.
looks
C.
tastes
D.
Sounds
【答案】D
(湖北省黄冈市)
2.

Which
T-shirt
do
you
prefer
—The
red
one
.
It
______
more
comfortable.
A.
tastes
B.
smells
C.
feels
D.
sounds
【答案】C
(山东省潍坊市)
3.
The
cookies
______
good.
Could
I
have
some
more
A.
taste
B.
smell
C.
feel
D.
sound
【答案】A
◆5.
beside
beside作介词,意为“
(表示位置)在…旁边”。例如:
Here!
There’s
room
beside
me.
嘿!我旁边有空间。
『辨析活用』by,
beside和near

by和beside均表示“在……旁边”,常可换用。例如:
She
stood
by
the
window.
她站在窗边。
The
hotel
is
beside
(/by)
the
river.
那家饭店在河边。
Put
your
shoes
beside
mine.
把你的鞋子放在我的鞋子旁边。

near表示“在……附近”,表示的距离比by和beside稍远些,也时常换用。例如:
There
is
a
theatre
near
his
home.
他家附近有一家剧院。
There
is
a
post
office
near
No.
1
Middle
School.
第一中学附近有一所邮局。
【链接中考】
(山东省潍坊市)
The
little
elephant
i
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s
afraid
to
go
alone.
He
always
walks
______
his
mother.
A.
beside
B.
behind
C.
below
D.
under
【答案】A
◆6.
another

another作形容词,意为“再一,别的,不同的”。例如:
I’ll
give
you
another
example.
我再给你举个例子。
⑵another作代词,意为“另一个”。
例如:
I
don’t
like
this
shirt,
give
me
another
please.
我不喜欢这件衬衣,
请另外给我一件。
[拓展]another和the
other
◇another表示三个以上的人或物中同类的另一个;也可用作形容词,修饰后面的名词,意为“另一个,又一个”。
We
need
another
chair.
我们再要一把椅子。
  I
don’t
wan
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
the
green
apple.
Please
give
me
another.
我不想要这个箐苹果,请给我另一个吧。
◇the
other表示两个人或两个物中的另一个或另一部分,常与one搭配构成one…,
the
other…句型。
Hold
it
in
this
hand,
not
the
other.
用这只手握着,
不要用那只手。
【链接中考】
(江苏省连云港市)
1.

Would
you
like
to
have
_______
cake
—No,
thanks.
I’ve
had
two.
That’s
enough.
A.
other
B.
others
C.
another
D.
the
other
【答案】C
(上海市)
2.
New
Zealand
has
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )two
islands.
One
is
North
Island
and
______
is
South
Island.
A.
another
B.
the
other
C.
other
D.
the
others
【答案】B
◆7.
already
already表示“已经”,通常用于肯定句,不用于否定句或疑问句(此时要用
yet)。例如:
He
has
already
read
the
book.
他已经读过这本书。
Has
he
read
the
book
他已经读过这本书吗
『辨析活用』
already,
yet和still
◇already副词,意为
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“已经”,多用于肯定句中的be动词、助动词之后,行为动词前。有时already用于疑问句中表示惊讶、怀疑等语气。例如:
I
have
finished
reading
this
book
already.
我已经读完这本书了。
Have
you
finished
reading
the
book
already?你真的已经读完这本书了?(表示惊讶)
◇yet一般用在疑问句或否定句中。在疑问句中意为“已经”;在否定句中意为“还”,通常放在句末。例如:
—Have
you
found
the
book
yet?你已经找到那本书了吗?
—Not
yet.
还没找到。
◇still意为“仍然;还”,表示
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )某事正在进行中,可用于各种句式,一般只位于句子中间。例如:Do
you
still
teach
in
that
school?你还在那所学校教书吗?
【链接中考】
(天津市)
1.

Would
you
like
to
go
and
see
Avatar
with
me
tonight
—Thank
you
very
much,
but
I
______
it
already.
A.
see
B.
will
see
C.
have
seen
D.
am
seeing
【答案】C
(四川省巴中市)
2.
My
e-mail
______
to
you
last
night.
Have
you
received
it
______
A.
sent;yet
B.
is
sent;already
C.
was
sent;yet
【答案】C
◆8.
none
none用作代词,意为“没有人;一个也没有;一点儿也没有”。例如:
There
were
none
for
him
to
read.
没有人为他朗读。
None
of
guests
want
to
stay.
客人中没有一个想留下不走的。
[拓展]
none

no
one
/
nobody

nothing
no
one
/
nobody
常用来指人,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式;nothing
常用来指物,作主语时谓语动词也要用单数形式;none
可指人也可指物,作主语时,如和of连用指不可数名词时,谓语动词要用单数形式;指可数名词时,谓语动词用单、复数均可。例如:
  No
one
likes
a
person
with
bad
manners.
  Nothing
is
difficult
in
the
world
if
you
put
your
heart
into
it.
  None
of
them
has
/
have
seen
me
before.
  None
of
this
money
belongs
to
me.
  注意:
  ⑴
none
可与
of
连用表示范围,而
no
one
/
nobody

nothing
不可。
  ⑵
none
可用来回
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )答
How
many
/
much…?
的特殊疑问句;而
no
one
/
nobody

nothing
则分别用来回答
Who…?

What…?
的特殊疑问句。例如:
  —
How
many
birds
are
there
in
the
tree?
  —
None.
  —
What
is
in
the
box?
  —
Nothing.
  —
Who
is
in
the
classroom?
  —
No
one
/
Nobody.
【链接中考】
(湖北省武汉市)
1.

How
many
students
are
there
in
the
classroom
—_______.
They
are
all
in
the
lab.
A.
Some
B.
None
C.
All
D.
Neither
【答案】B
(湖北省黄冈市)
2.

How
many
students
like
this
song

________
of
us
likes
it.
It
sounds
terrible.
A.
None
B.
Nobody
C.
Every
one
D.
All
【答案】A
◆9.
alone

alone用作形容词时,只能作表语
(不能作定语)。例如:
She
watches
TV
when
she
is
alone.
独自一人时,她便看电视。
⑵alone用作副词,除表示“独自”外,还可表示“仅仅”,注意要放在有关的词语之后。
例如:For
years
Mary
lived
alone
in
New
York.
玛丽孤身一人在纽约生活了好几年。
⑶alone可用
all,
much,
very
much
等修饰,但一般不用very
修饰。例如:
He
is
all
(much,
very
much)
alone.
他独自一人。
『辨析活用』alone和lonely
alone,
lonely同时作形容词时,
lonely表示感情内心上的孤独,
而alone是没有感彩的。例如:
I
am
alone
but
I
am
not
lonely,虽然我单独一人,但我并不感觉孤独.
When
his
wife
died,
he
was
very
lonely.
太太死后他非常孤独。
【链接中考】
(江苏省无锡市)
Though
his
grandmother
lives
______,
she
never
feels
______.
A.
alone;alone
B.
lonely;lonely
C.
alone;lonely
D.
lonely;alone
【答案】C
◆10.
prefer
prefer动词,意为“比较喜欢;更喜欢”。不能用于进行时态,其过去式和过去分词均为preferred。
Do
you
prefer
coffee
or
tea
你喜欢咖啡还是茶
[拓展]prefer的各种搭配为:
◇prefer…to…“与……相比更喜欢……”,其后接名词或动名词。
He
prefers
dogs
to
cats.
他很喜欢狗,而不喜欢猫。
I
prefer
skating
to
swimming.
与游泳相比我更喜欢滑冰。
◇prefer…rather
than…“宁可/宁愿……而不……”,其后接动词不定式,than后的不定式符号to常省去。
I
prefer
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )stay
at
home
rather
than
go
to
the
cinema.
我宁愿呆在家里也不愿意去看电影。
【链接中考】
(四川省巴中市)
1.
They
preferred
______
rather
than
______
a
bike.
A.
to
walk;to
ride
B.
walking;riding
C.
to
walk;ride
【答案】C
(山东省泰安市)
2.

How
about
going
shopping
this
weekend,
Peter

Sorry.
I
prefer
______
rather
than
______.
A.
to
stay
at
home,
go
out
B.
to
go
out,
stay
at
home
C.
staying
at
home,
go
out
D.
going
out,
stay
at
home
【答案】A
◆11.
even

even
表示“甚至”,通常应放在被修饰词语之前,否则会引起含义的变化。例如:
Even
now
he
doesn’t
believe
me.
甚至到现在他还不相信我。(其它时候就不用说了)
Now
he
doesn’t
even
believe
me.
现在他甚至不相信我了。(其他方面的事就更不可能了)

用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级,表示“比(已经……的)更加……”。例如:
This
film
is
even
more
interesting
than
that
one.
这部电影比那部更有趣。
I
often
drive
fast,
but
he
drives
even
faster.
我经常开车开得很快,但他却开得更快。
『常用搭配』
even
if
即使,尽管。例如:
I
will
come
even
if
[even
though]
it
rains.
即使正雨我也会来。
Even
if
you
don’t
like
wine,
try
a
glass
of
this.
即使你不喜欢喝酒,也不妨尝尝这一杯。
【链接中考】
(台湾省)
Sandy:
How
was
your
vacation
in
America
Linda:
It
couldn’t
be
worse!
I
don’t
 
 
want
to
talk
about
it!
(A)
even
(B)
least
(C)
never
(D)
then
【答案】A
◆12.
since
since十时间点,表示“自从(过去某
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时)以来”,其着眼点是过去某时,即表示自过去某时延续至今的一段时间,常与现在完成时连用。since既可作介词,又可作从属连词。

作介词
She
has
worked
here
since
2000.
自2000年以来,她就在这里工作。

作从属连词
She
has
worked
here
since
she
left
school.
自她毕业以来,她就在这里工作。
[拓展]
for十时间段,表示“(延续)……之久
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”,其着眼点是现在,即表示延续到现在的一段时间(与现在完成时连用),或表示一段已经终结了的时间(与过去时连用),或表示将要延续的一段时间(与将来时连用)。
They
have
lived
in
China
for
two
years.
他们在中国已经住了两年。(现在还住在中国)
【链接中考】
(四川省卷)
1.
I
don’t
have
to
introduce
him
to
you
______
you
know
the
boy.
A.
until
B.
unless
C.
since
D.
but
【答案】C
(浙江省杭州市)
2.

How
long
have
you
been
collecting
shells
—______.
A.
After
I
left
school
B.
Before
I
moved
here
C.
When
I
went
to
the
beach
D.
Since
I
was
ten
years
old
【答案】D
常考短语
◆1.
enjoy
yourself
◇enjoy表示“喜欢”“享受”等,其后可接动名词作宾语,但不能是不定式。例如:
I
enjoyed
reading
these
books
very
much.
我很喜欢读这些书。
◇enjoy后接反身代词,表示“过
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )得快活”,与
have
a
good
time同义,enjoy后所接的反身代词要与句子的主语相对应。例如:
He
enjoyed
himself
at
the
party.
他在晚会上玩得很开心。
I
hope
you
enjoy
yourself
this
evening.
我希望你今晚过得愉快。
◇enjoy
一般只用作及物动词,所以在通常情况下其后不能没有宾语。如:
—Did
you
enjoy
the
film
你喜欢这部电影吗
—Yes,
I
enjoyed
it
a
lot.
是的,很喜欢(from
21世纪教育网
yeeyi.
net)。
【链接中考】
(湖北省咸宁市)
1.

I
am
glad
to
be
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
invited
to
Susan’s
birthday
party
on
Friday
evening,
Mum.

yourself,
dear!
But
remember
to
be
back
before
10
o’clock.
A.
Help
B.
Believe
C.
Make
D.
Enjoy
【答案】D
(江苏省盐城市)
2.

How
was
your
visit
to
the
World
Park
in
Beijing
—Wonderful!
We
enjoyed
______very
much.
A.
itself
B.
myself
C.
yourselves
D.
ourselves
【答案】D
◆2.
take
off
◇take
off意为“起飞”。例如:
When
will
the
plane
take
off
飞机何时起飞?
What
was
the
girl
doing
when
the
UFO
took
off
当飞碟起飞时,女孩在干什么?
◇take
off还可以作“脱下”讲,反义词为put
on。例如:
Put
on
your
clothes.
Don’t
take
them
off.
把衣服穿上,别把衣服脱下。
【链接中考】
(天津市)
1.
The
plane
will
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______
from
Beijing
Capital
Airport
and
land
in
London
A.
take
up
B.
take
out
C.
take
away
D.
take
off
【答案】D
(青海省,宁夏)
2.
It’s
very
hot
here.
Why
not
______
your
coat
A.
have
on
B.
take
off
C.
put
off
D.
put
on
【答案】B
◆3.
look
after
look
after动词短语,意为“照管,照料,照料;注意,关心”。例如:
Don’t
worry,
Mum.
I
can
look
after
myself.
别担心,妈妈,我能照料自己。
We
look
after
the
baby
carefully.
我们小心地照看着婴儿。
『辨析活用』look
after与take
care
of
◇take
care
of与look
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )after都能作“照顾、照料”解,可以互相替换。但look
after没有“保管、保护”的意思。例如:
She
stayed
at
home
and
took
care
of
her
mother
yesterday.
=She
stayed
at
home
and
looked
after
her
mother
yesterday.
昨天她呆在家里照料她母亲了。
◇take
good
care
of和look
after…well意义相同,都是“好好照料、好好照顾”的意思。
但要注意,take
care
of用的是good一词,而look
after则用well。例如:
Don’t
worry.
I
can
take
good
care
of
your
pet
while
you
are
away.
=Don’t
worry.
I
can
look
after
your
pet
well
while
you
are
away.
放心,你不在时,我会照料好你的宠物的。
【链接中考】
(湖北省荆州市)
—Peter,
what
if
your
parents
go
out
—They
ask
me
to
______
myself.
A.
look
after
B.
look
up
C.
look
for
D.
look
through
【答案】A
经典句型
◆1.
How
to
learn
English
这是疑问词+to不定式结构。动
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词不定式可以和疑问词what,
which,
how,
when,
where,
whether等连用,构成不定式短语,在句中常用作主语、表语或宾语。例如:
How
to
use
the
computer
is
a
question.
怎样使用这台计算机是个问题。(作主语)
The
question
is
when
to
start.
问题是何时出发。(作表语)
Could
you
tell
me
w
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat
to
write
about
in
this
letter
你能告诉我在信里写什么吗?(作宾语)
能用这种不定式短语作宾语的动词有:tell,
show,
know,
learn,
forget等。
【链接中考】
(江苏省连云港市)
—We
can
use
QQ
to
communicate
with
each
other
online.
—Good.
Will
you
please
show
me
_______.
A.
which
to
use
B.
how
to
use
it
C.
what
to
use
D.
where
to
use
it
【答案】B
◆2.
That’s
a
good
idea.
当别人提出一个好的建议和想法时,我们通常用That’s
a
good
idea.来愉快地表示同意。例如:
—Why
don’t
you
ring
Mrs.
Smith?你为什么不给史密斯太太打个电话呢?
—That’s
a
good
idea.
是个好主意。
有时也说Good
ides.
/That’s
an
idea.
等。
—Let’s
go
out
for
a
walk,shall
we?我们出去散散步好吗?
—Good
idea.
Where
shall
we
go?好主意,我们去什么地方呢?
【链接中考】
(天津市)
—Shall
we
rais
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
some
money
for
the
children
of
Yushu,
Qinghai
Province
—_______.
A.
I
see
B.
It’s
a
pleasure
C.
I
don’t
believe
it
D.
That’s
a
good
idea
【答案】D
◆3.
I’ve
never
been
to
Shanghai.

have
been
to表示某人“
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )曾经去过某处”,表示此人有去过某地的经历,但此人现在在此处,它常与just,
ever,
never,
once,
twice,
several等连用。例如:
—Have
you
ever
been
to
the
Great
Wall
你曾经去过长城吗?
—Yes,
I’ve
ever
been
there
only
once.
是的,我曾去过那儿一次

have
gone
to
表示某人“到某处去了”,或在去的路上或已到某处,反正不在此地。一般不用第一二人称代词作句子的主语。例如:
—May
I
speak
to
Han
Mei
请韩梅接电话好吗?
—Sorry,
she’s
gone
to
the
library.
对不起,她去图书馆了。

have
been
in表示“已在
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )某地”或者“在某地呆过”,其后常与“for+时间段”、“since+时间点或从句”等时间状语连用。例如:
He
has
been
in
Hainan
for
two
years.
他在海南二年了。
Jack
has
been
in
Xinjiang
since
last
year.
杰克自从去年以来就呆在新疆。
【链接中考】
(吉林省通化市)
1.

Where
are
the
Greens
,may
I
ask
—Well,
they
______
to
England.
They
have
been
there
for
nearly
a
week
now.
A.
have
been
B.
are
going
to
C.
have
gone
D.
will
go
【答案】A
(四川省巴中市)
2.

Could
you
tell
me
______

Yes.
He
______
to
Australia.
A.
where
is
he;has
gon
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
B.
where
he
is;has
gone
C.
where
he
is;has
been
【答案】B
◆4.
But
I
get
on
well
with
her.
get
on
well
with
sb.
/
sth.
表示“和某人相处……”或“工作进展……”。表示工作进展时一般要用进行时。例如:
I
get
on
well
with
my
classmate.
我和同学相处的很好。
—How
are
you
getting
on
with
your
English
你英语学得怎么样?
—Very
well.
非常好。
【链接中考】
(广东省)
If
you
get
on
wel
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l
your
classmates,
you’ll
enjoy
your
school
life
more.
A.
to
B.
at
C.
with
D.
in
【答案】C
◆5.
You’ve
heard
of
him,
haven’t
you
反意疑问句前一部分为肯定句,后一部分用
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )否定句;前一部分用否定句,后一部分则用肯定句,两部分在人称、时态上必须保持一致。反意疑问句要用Yes或No来回答,并要严格根据事实来回答。特别值得注意的是,对第二种结构的反意疑问句的回答,英汉表达不相同。
◇肯定反意疑问句的回答
当陈述部分为否定式,反意疑问句为肯定式时,其回答往往与汉语不一致,需特别引起注意:
—It
isn’t
cheap,
is
it
它不便宜吧
—Yes,
it
is.
不,很便宜。
—He
doesn’t
love
her,
does
he
他不爱她,是吗
—No,
he
doesn’t.
是的,他不爱她。
◇否定反意疑问句的回答
当陈述部分为肯定式,反意疑问句为否定式时,其回答一般不会造成困难,一般只需照情况回答即可:
—It’s
new,
isn’t
it
是新的,对吗
—Yes,
it
is.
对,是新的。
—He
wants
to
go,
doesn’t
he
他想去,对吗
—No,
he
doesn’t.
不,他不想去。
【链接中考】
(广西南宁)
1.

Hi,
Sam.
Your
mother’s
busy
these
days,
______
—The
meat.
A.
has
she
B.
is
she
C.
hasn’t
she
D.
isn’t
she
【答案】D
(浙江省杭州市)
2.
Alice
had
a
wonderful
time
yesterday,
______
A.
hadn’t
she
B.
wasn’t
she
C.
didn’t
she
D.
wouldn’t
she
【答案】C