2026学年人教版中考英语语法复习课件之动词（共44张PPT）

(共44张PPT)
动词
授课：希希
He got up late.
你知道动词的分类吗？
情态动词
She can eat fruit by herself.
情态动词
He got up late.
The giraffe is so tall.
系动词
He got up late.
He likes reading books at night.
实义动词
He got up late.
Do the girls dance happily
助动词
实义动词
实义动词也叫行为动词。
实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。
可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
实义动词
（1）及物动词
能直接跟宾语，有被动语态。
John reached the hotel last night.
The tiger was killed by a man.
实义动词
（2）不及物动词
需要接介词在加宾语，不能用于被动语态。
John arrived at the hotel last night.
实义动词
（3）延续性动词
表示动作和状态延续，能和一段时间状语连用。
work, study, fly, stay, run, keep
实义动词
（4）非延续性动词
表示短暂性动作，没有持续性，不能和一段时间的时间状语连用
come, go, begin, leave, open, die
实义动词
【拓展】延续性动词和非延续性动词的转换：
实义动词
系动词
系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。系动词没有被动语态，也不用于进行时。
系动词
系动词
What is 系动词？
（1）be动词：am，is，are，was，were
（2）感官动词：look，smell，sound，taste，feel
（3）变化动词：become，get，go，grow，turn（+adj. 译为“变得”）
（4）保持：keep，stay，remain（+adj. 译为“保持”）
（5）无实义动词：seem，prove，appear（+adj. 无实际含义，功能类比be动词，译为“是”）
【难点解释】
注意区别以下一些动词的用法，它们既可以作为行为动词（实义动词），又可以作为连系动词。
1. look 看；看起来
He is looking at the picture.（他正在看这图片。） 行为动词
It looks beautiful. （它看上去很美丽。） 连系动词
2. fell 摸；感觉
I felt someone touch my arm. （我感到有人碰我的手臂。） 行为动词
I feel better today. （今天我感觉好些了。） 连系动词
系动词
3. smell 嗅； 闻起来
My little brother likes to smell the apple before he eats it.
（我的小弟弟喜欢在吃苹果前闻一闻。） 行为动词
Great! The flowers smell nice.
（这些花闻起来多香啊！） 连系动词
4. sound 弄响，发音；听起来
The letter "h"in hour is not sounded.（在hour这个词中字母h是不发音的。） 行为动词
The gun sounded much closer. （枪声听起来更近了。） 连系动词
系动词
5. taste 辨味；尝起来
Please taste the soup. （请尝一口汤。） 行为动词
The soup tastes terrible. （这汤尝起来味道太差了。） 连系动词
6. grow 生长，种植；变
Do you grow rice in your country （你们的国家种水稻吗？） 行为动词
It's too late. It's growing dark. （太迟了，天渐渐变暗了。） 连系动词
系动词
7. get 得到，获得；变
There are some bananas on the table. Each of you can get one.
（桌上有些香蕉，你们每个人可以拿一个。） 行为动词
8. turn 转动，翻动，使变得；变
The earth turns around the sun. （地球绕着太阳转。） 行为动词
When spring comes, the trees turn green and the flowers come out.
（春天来了，树叶变经绿了，花儿开了。） 连系动词
系动词
上述句子中的动词如grow、get、turn等，既可以作连系动词，又可以作行为动词。如何来辨别它们呢？
用连系动词be替换句子中的这些动词，句子仍然成立就是连系动词；反之，不能替换的，就是行为动词。
例如：The trees turn/are green when spring comes.（春天来临，树叶变绿。）
The earth turns around the sun. （地球绕着太阳转。）
这第二句句子中的turn是行为动词，意为"转动"。无法以is替换。
系动词
助动词
助动词本身没有词义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语，表示时态、语态、语气等，帮助构成否定、疑问、强调或省略等。
助动词
1. 助动词be （am，is，are，was，were）
be用作助动词和用作连系动词一样，有人称、数和时态的变化，主要用来构成进行时态和被动语态。
1）“be+现在分词”构成进行时态。如：The students are playing games.
2）"be+过去分词"构成被动语态。如：The baby was put in bed by his mother.
助动词
2. 助动词have 在句中有人称、数和时态的变化（has、had），＋过去分词，构成完成时态。
He has lived in Beijing since he was born.
助动词
3. 助动词do 或其相关形式用于构成疑问句、否定句、加强说话的语气及代替前面刚出现的动词等。
如：Do you live in China？Yes, I do.
He didn't go to see the film last Sunday.
Do be quiet,children!
助动词
4. 助动词will和shall用于构成将来时。（shall用于第一人称，will可用于各种人称）
I shall be fifteen years old next birthday.
He will move to the countryside next year.
助动词
情态动词
这类词本身虽有意义，但不完整。它们表示说话人的能力、说话人的语气或情态，如“可能”、“应当”等。这类动词有can，may，must，need，dare，could，might等。
情态动词
①不能单独作谓语
②过去式比原形更加委婉
③没有人称和数的变化（除了have to）
情态动词
（1）can和be able to
can表示与生俱来的能力，be able to表示付出努力达到的能力。
He can speak English very well.
He is barely able to stand.
情态动词
（2）can’t的用法
①表示没有能力。
He can’t swim.
②对现在或将来的否定猜测
-Who is knocking the door Is it John
-It can’t be John. I saw him in the library just now.
情态动词
（3）may
①也许，可能
You may leave now.
②may/might as well do “做......倒也无妨，只好做.......”
We might as well allow her to live now.
情态动词
（4）must和have to
①must 主观看法，have to 客观需要
I think you must buy something for her.
According to the rule, you have to do so.
②对现在或将来的肯定猜测
You must be joking.
情态动词
（4）must和have to
③must疑问句回答，肯定用must，否定用needn’t或don’t have to
-Must I clean my room
-Yes, you must./No, you needn’t.=No, you don’t have to.
情态动词
（5）should和ought to
should语气较轻，ought to语气较重
You should make plans for the future.
Every citizens ought to obey the law.
情态动词
（6）will
①表示将要做某事
I will attend lectures when I am in college.
② “......好吗”，表请求
Will you hand that book to me
情态动词
（7）use to相关短语
①be used to do sth 被用来做某事
This tool is used to repair bikes.
②used to do过去常常做某事
She used to play the piano, but now she plays the guitar.
情态动词
（7）use to相关短语
③be used to doing习惯于做某事
She is used to getting up early in the morning.
情态动词
（8）need和dare
need：需要 dare：敢
实义动词：need/dare to do sth 否定：don’t/doesn’t/didn’t need/dare to do sth
情态动词：need/dare do sth 否定：needn’t/dare not do sth
所有情态动词的否定形式，直接在情态动词后加not。
情态动词
（9）情态动词表推测
①must have done “肯定做过”
He didn’t come to work yesterday. He must have been ill.
②can’t/couldn’t have done 不可能做过
Billy is an honest man. He can’t/couldn’t have stolen the money.
③may/might have done “可能做过”
There is a traffic accident. Someone may/might have been injured.
情态动词
④could have done “本可以做到”（事实上没有做到）
He could have passed the exam, but he didn’t go over his lessons.
⑤should/ought to have done “本应该做过”（事实上没做过）
You should have started earlier, but you didn’t.
⑥needn’t have done “本不必要做”（事实上做了）
You needn’t have woken me up so early, for today is Sunday.
⑦didn’t need to do“本不必要做”（事实上也没去做）
I didn’t need to do the washing-up. My mom did it.
情态动词
1. We as well give him a chance.
2. You (can) open the gift now. It’s not polite.
3. He (not) be at home. I saw him outside on the playground just now.
4. —Must I finish my homework now
—No, you . You can do it later.
5.The window is broken. Who (can) have done it
练习
might
can’t
can’t
needn’t
could
谢谢