Unit 2 Exploring English
● 语境词汇串记
1.confusing 2.why 3.but 4.contains 5.types 6.to learn 7.unfamiliar 8.Actually 9.of/about 10.is based
● 考点互动探究
单词点睛
(1)reflection (2)①reflect on/upon
②reflecting the golden rays of the sun
(1)unfamiliar (2)①familiar with the history and traditions of our city ②is/was familiar to ③to familiarize yourself with
(1)to tolerate (2)①It is likely/possible/probable that
②It seemed unlikely that
(1)①to close ②reminder
(2)①remind us of/about the beauty and goodness
②reminds us that the journey of acquiring knowledge is never-ending
(1)①intended ②to provide ③had intended
(2)①with the intention of
②(that/which are)intended for international students
(1)①recognised ②as/to be ③recognition
(2)It is widely/generally recognised that; is widely/generally recognised as/to be
(1)①basic ②Basically ③Based ④is based
(2)①based on their language abilities
②took exercise on a regular basis
(1)①of ②awareness
(2)①to raise our awareness of protecting the ocean
②Fully aware that you are keen on/enthusiastic about
短语储存
(1)getting (2)①上发条 ②结束 ③最终落得
(3)①winds its way ②the winding country road
(1)①come up with ②came about ③come out
④come across ⑤came up
(2)When it comes to our future choices
①my heart was in my mouth ②I had butterflies in my stomach
③had a frog in my throat ④like a cat on hot bricks
句型透视
(1)①am ②but
(2)Not only do we learn from our successes
①to get your blood flowing ②to get everyone involved in ③to get Bruce to drive back to
● 当堂过关检测
Ⅰ.1.awareness 2.addition 3.confusing 4.reminder
5.reflection 6.organization 7.intention 8.Based
9.informal 10.creativity 11.behavio(u)r 12.recognition
13.to experience 14.alarmed 15.contacting
Ⅱ.1.go off 2.wind up 3.(was) burned down/up 4.had a frog in her throat 5.Speaking of/Talking of 6.come across
7.be aware of 8.unfamiliar with
Ⅲ.1.That was why 2.got me thinking
3.neither surprised nor worried
4.Not only are there countless places of interest in China
● 语言素养提升
Ⅰ.1.banning 2.bore 3.beat 4.was beaten 5.became
6.began
Ⅱ.1.不赞成,反对 2.泄气的,心灰意冷的 3.不信任
4.不服从,违抗 5.不合格,失去资格
Ⅲ.1.①影响;深深打动 ②(疾病)侵袭
2.①反对 ②与……相反,迎着 ③碰;撞 ④靠着 ⑤以……为背景;衬托
3.①变老 ②时代
4.①神态;感觉 ②播出,播送 ③通风
5.①食欲,胃口 ②强烈欲望
6.①运用,应用 ②涂,敷 ③专注于
● 写作素养提升
Part Ⅰ 应用文写作
1.to express my concerns about
2.I appreciate the opportunity/chance of practising English
3.is likely to result in failure in oral English improvement
4.based on our personalities and English abilities
5.can we create an interactive environment for our oral practice
6.if you could take my proposal into account/consideration
Part Ⅱ 读后续写
2.情感细节描写——焦虑、担忧与紧张
【跟踪演练】
Ⅰ.1.wait for rescue anxiously 2.with anxiety 3.Her anxiety grew with each passing day 4.grew increasingly/more and more worried 5.A wave/flood of tension 6.With butterflies in his stomach 7.hide her nervousness
Ⅱ.1.had been concerned/worried/uneasy about the test 2.a surge/wave/flood of anxiety 3.her heart pounded/beat/raced wildly 4.tried to hide her nervousness 5.her hands were shaking uncontrollably 6.went blank 7.was sitting/being on pins and needles 8.held her breath 9.was worried/concerned/uneasy about 10.made her even more anxiousUnit 2 Exploring English
●ⅠA
【文章大意】 本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地球上的许多语言正在消失,认为小语种以及一些濒危的语言有价值被看作是感情用事,但实际上濒危的语言在历史上以及现在给社会带来了许多好处。
1.A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“It’s commonly thought that majority languages tend to be valued for being useful and for promoting progress, while minority languages are seen as barriers to progress, and the value placed on them is seen mainly as sentimental (感情用事的).”可知,小语种被视为进步的障碍,是没有价值的,故选A。
2.C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“For example, in Southeast Asia, some tribes have discovered the medicinal properties of over sixty-five hundred plant species. This has led to many of landmark achievements in medicine.”可知,一些濒危的语言可以帮助人们在特定的领域拓宽知识,故我们可以通过濒危的语言来拓宽自然知识,故选C。
3.B 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Some languages categorize the world in ways so different from our own that they are difficult to conceptualize (概念化). The United States employed native Navajo speakers to create a system of message coding during the Second World War. The Japanese were never able to break it, and the ‘code talkers’ are often cited today as having helped decide the outcome of the war.”可知,文章提到二战是为了证明纳瓦霍语在二战中起到的关键性的作用,它使得日本人无法破解,从而带来了战争的胜利,故这是为了证明一些小语种的价值,故选B。
4.C 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“It’s commonly thought that majority languages tend to be valued for being useful and for promoting progress, while minority languages are seen as barriers to progress, and the value placed on them is seen mainly as sentimental (感情用事的). But is sentimentality really the only motivation for preserving language diversity ”以及文章介绍了濒危的语言在历史上以及现在给社会带来的好处可知,C项“濒危语言应该被保存下来吗 ”适合作为文章的标题,故选C。
B
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者所在的纽约皇后区的语言多样性。英语在这里主要作为通用语。作者还提到,他所领导的非营利组织记录了纽约人使用的100多种未被官方认可的语言,这表明21世纪初的纽约市是濒危语言的最后避难所。这种深厚的语言多样性是纽约的历史和构成中最少被探索但可能是最重要的因素之一,也展现了纽约包容和接纳他人的特殊能力。
5.C 推理判断题。根据第三段“As a person who studies languages, I can usually distinguish them from one another, but understand only a part of what people are saying.”可推知,作者最有可能是语言学家。故选C。
6.D 细节理解题。根据第六段“These are the places where the Endangered Language Alliance, the non-profit organization I co-direct, has recorded New Yorkers speaking more than 100 languages that the survey and other data sets say don’t officially exist, and more than 700 in total.”可知,在纽约市有很多语言并没有被官方认可。故选D。
7.B 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“…early-21st-century New York City is a last haven for endangered languages…”可知,21世纪初的纽约市是濒危语言的最后避难所,说明这些濒危语言在其他地方正被驱逐出存在的空间,也就是受到威胁的意思。故选B。
8.A 推理判断题。根据第一段“For the past decade, one of the most linguistically (语言学地) diverse places in the world, square mile after square mile, has been my home: Queens, New York.”并结合全文可知,文章主要介绍了作者所在的纽约皇后区的语言多样性,指出21世纪初的纽约市是濒危语言的最后避难所。故文章最可能来自书籍《语言城市》。故选A。
●Ⅱ【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英语教育专家陈亚平提出的儿童英语学习方法,强调了让孩子们享受学习英语的过程,并提出了利用符合实际需要和具有实用性的对话和阅读材料来促进英语学习的方法。同时,她还强调了缓解焦虑、让孩子们感到安全和获得成就感对于英语学习的重要性。
1.themselves 考查代词。此处表示“孩子们自己”,故使用反身代词。故填themselves。
2.on 考查介词。句中based on为固定短语,意为“以……为基础”。故填on。
3.commonly 考查副词。设空处使用common的副词形式作状语,修饰动词lack。故填commonly。
4.the 考查冠词。句中language为可数名词,此处表示特指,设空处使用定冠词。故填the。
5.suggested 考查动词时态。设空处使用动词作谓语,根据后文的she said以及句意可知,句子表述过去的事实,故使用一般过去时。故填suggested。
6.graded 考查形容词。设空处使用grade的形容词形式graded作定语,意为“分等级的”,修饰名词materials。故填graded。
7.conversations 考查名词复数。设空处使用名词作宾语,此处conversation为可数名词,表示复数意义。故填conversations。
8.to give 考查非谓语动词。句中allow sb to do sth为固定短语,意为“允许某人做某事”,故使用不定式结构。故填to give。
9.that 考查定语从句。设空处引导的是定语从句,引导词在从句中作宾语,先行词为one。先行词one被不定代词another修饰,引导词用that。故填that。
10.achievement 考查名词。设空处使用achieve的名词形式achievement作宾语,其为不可数名词。故填achievement。
●Ⅲ【文章大意】 本文是一篇新闻报道。短文介绍了35岁的比利时音乐家Tobias因精通上海话而在社交媒体上走红。
1.B 根据下文on video-sharing and lifestyle…Douyin and Xiaohongshu可知,他在视频分享和生活方式平台上用上海话发布自己的日常经历。故选B项。act行动,做事;deliver发表,发布;compete竞争;vote投票。
2.C 根据下文Douyin and Xiaohongshu以及常识可知,抖音和小红书是两个平台。故选C项。approach方法;habit习惯;platform平台;community社区。
3.A 根据上文“Tobias, a 35-year-old Belgian musician, has become popular on social media for his excellent grasp of the Shanghai dialect.”可知,Tobias的视频非常受欢迎,赢得许多支持者以及点赞。故选A项。like喜欢,点赞;dollar美元;medal奖牌;chance机会。
4.D 根据上文his excellent grasp of the Shanghai dialect可知,他说着一口流利的上海话。故选D项。ancient古代的;sweet甜蜜的;modern现代的;fluent流利的。
5.A 根据上文difficult to learn可知,上海话和外语一样难以学习和理解。故选A项。understand理解;write写;create创造;practise练习。
6.C 根据上文“He has been sharing his everyday experiences…”以及下文his daily life in the city可知,他记录并分享他在这个城市的日常生活。故选C项。advance进步;search搜寻;record记录;observe观察。
7.D 根据上文“…which he…in Shanghai dialect, on video-sharing…”可知,此处指拍摄和发布这些短视频。故选D项。test测试;review复查;sell卖;post邮寄,发布。
8.B 根据上文“…winning thousands of followers and millions of…”以及下文encouragement可知,许多支持者在平台给他评论,给予鼓励。故选B项。note便条,笔记;comment评论;report报道;reply回复。
9.C 根据下文intensive study可知,他对学习上海话没有进行细致的研究。故选C项。interrupt打断;assess评估;conduct实施,进行;appreciate感激。
10.B 根据下文getting immersed in a language environment可知,此处阐述他学上海话的方法,他的学习方法包括沉浸在语言环境中。故选B项。material材料;method方法;objective目的,目标;resource资源。
11.D 根据上文having a positive attitude以及空后without being afraid to make mistakes可知,Tobias勇敢地去说上海话,不怕犯错。故选D项。secretly秘密地;slowly慢慢地;happily快乐地;bravely勇敢地。
12.A 根据上文“He was not thinking too much…”可知,他一开始学习上海话时并没有想太多,只是为了好玩。故选A项。fun乐趣,快乐;work工作;fame名声;show展览。
13.B 根据上文“Tobias, a 35-year-old Belgian musician, has become popular on social media for his excellent grasp of the Shanghai dialect.”以及下文“…the promotion of the Shanghai dialect, but it would be an…and pleasure if his posts encouraged his followers to learn and pass on the dialect.”可知,他没有想到自己会为上海话的推广做出贡献。故选B项。stick to坚持;contribute to促进,为……做贡献;focus on集中;rely on依靠。
14.C 根据下文pleasure以及“…if his posts encouraged his followers to learn and pass on the dialect.”可知,Tobias认为自己发布的视频如果能够鼓励支持者学习和传承上海话,那对他来说将是一种荣幸和快乐。故选C项。advantage优势;opportunity机会;honour荣誉,荣幸;option选择。
15.D 根据常识可知,方言是文化的一部分。故选D项。authority专家,权威人士;history历史;custom习俗;culture文化。 English is a unique language that reflects the creativity of human race. However, some English words can be rather 1. (confuse). People may wonder 2. there is no egg in eggplant, and neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. It is also odd that we sometimes get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car 3. we don’t get homesick at home.
Some opposing phrases such as burn up and burn down can have the same meaning while the same phrase may have opposite meaning in different context. For example, when we wind up a watch, it starts, but when we wind up a passage, it ends. Similarly, the word “wicked” 4. (contain) both negative and positive meanings.
Besides, the different 5. (type) of vocabularies used in different countries also confuse English learners. For example, Americans live in apartments, put gas in their cars and drive along the highway whereas British people live in flats, put petrol in their cars and drive along the motorway.
If we intend 6. (learn) English well, we should refer to the dictionary when we come across 7. (familiar) words. 8. (actual), new additions are made to English dictionaries each year. Moreover, there are useful learning resources in online forums, which can remind us 9. the latest changes in the use of English words. Most importantly, we have to be aware that language 10. (base) on culture. Only when we recognise the cultural differences can we avoid misadventures and errors in English learning.
reflect v.认真思考;反映;映出(影像);反射;表现
(1)reflect on/upon 认真思考;深思
(2)reflection n. 映像;反映;沉思,思考
on/upon reflection 经再三考虑后(改变看法)
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
[2023·北京卷] Each week, participants will be asked to complete a topic-specific (reflect) task.
(2)完成句子
①After reading the diary, the son’s eyes filled with tears. He began to (认真思考) the days when he used to sit together with his father.
②The quiet lake is like a mirror (反射出金色的太阳光线). (读后续写之场景描写)
unfamiliar adj.不熟悉的
(1)familiar adj. 熟悉的
sb be familiar/unfamiliar with…
某人对……熟悉/不熟悉;某人通晓/不了解……
…be familiar/unfamiliar to sb
……被某人熟悉/不被某人熟悉
(2)familiarity n. 熟悉;通晓;认识
(3)familiarize vt. 使熟悉
familiarize sb/oneself with sth
使某人/自己熟悉某物
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
[人教选二U2] Students must learn how to live in an (familiar) environment with limited language skills.
(2)完成句子
①Not only am I (熟悉我们城市的历史和传统), but also I have strong affection for them, which enables me to provide visitors with more professional service. (应用文写作之申请信)
②The taste of the freshly baked apple pie (被……熟悉) him, reminding him of his grandmother’s kitchen and the love poured into her cooking. (读后续写之情感描写)
③In order to ensure a successful performance, it is necessary (使你自己熟悉) the lines and rehearse in advance. (应用
文写作之建议信)
likely adj.可能的,预料的
(1)unlikely adj. 不太可能的;未必会发生的
(2)sb be likely/unlikely to do…
某人很可能/不太可能做……
It is/seems likely/unlikely that…
(似乎)很可能/不太可能……
[温馨提示] 与likely有相似意思的还有possible和probable,用法如下:
possible 主语不能是人,常用句式为“It is possible for sb to do sth.”或“It is possible that…”
probable 不能用人或不定式作主语,常用句式为“It is probable that…”
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷] No editor is likely (tolerate) a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
(2)完成句子
① (很可能) sharing similar interests will bring you closer to your friends and strengthen your bond. (应用文写作话题之友谊)
② (似乎不太可能) she could make it to the storm cellar (地窖) quickly enough. (读后续写话题之灾难遇险)
remind v.提醒;使想起
(1)remind sb of/about sth
提醒某人某事;使某人想起某事
remind sb to do sth 提醒某人去做某事
remind sb that… 提醒某人……;使某人想起……
(2)reminder n. 起提醒作用的事物
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2024·新课标Ⅱ卷] Neighbours will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to remind me (close) the window in my car when rain is coming.
②The incident serves as a timely (remind) of just how dangerous mountaineering can be.
(2)完成句子
①It is these small gestures that (使我们想起了美好和善良) within all of us. (读后续写之主题升华句)
②The profound quote “It is never too old to learn.” (提醒我们获取知识的旅程是永无止境的), regardless of our age or circumstances.
intend v.想要,打算,计划
(1)intend to do/doing sth 打算做某事
intend sb/sth to do sth 打算让……做某事
had intended to do sth 本打算做某事(但事实上没做)
(2)intended adj. 意欲达到的;计划的;打算的
sth be intended for… 专为……打算/设计的
sth be intended to do sth 打算做……,目的是……
(3)intention n. 意图
with the intention of… 打算……;为了……
(4)intentional adj. 故意的
intentionally adv. 故意地
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2024·浙江1月考] The last time I used a phone box for its (intend) purpose was… 2006.
②[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] The GPNP is intended (provide) stronger protection for all the species that live within the Giant Panda Range…
③I (intend) to call on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.
(2)完成句子
①[2020·全国新高考Ⅰ卷应用文写作] Our school organized a five-kilometre cross-country running race (为了) improving our physical and mental health. (应用文写作之活动报道)
②[2018·北京卷书面表达] In my opinion, Beijing Language and Culture University, which enjoys excellent reputation for its language and culture courses (专为国际学生开设的), is your right choice. (应用文写作之建议信)
recognise vt.辨认出;意识到;承认;公认
(1)recognise…as/to be…承认/认为……是……
It is (widely/generally) recognised that…
人们(普遍)认为……
(2)recognition n. 认出;承认;认可
beyond/out of recognition 难以认出
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] Shanghai may be the (recognise) home of the soup dumplings, but food historians will actually point you to the neighbouring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao’s birthplace.
②[译林选二U3] Today, acupuncture (针灸) is recognised a symbol of traditional Chinese culture and has come into widespread use around the world.
③[《汤姆·索亚历险记》] He knew that a yearning (渴望的) glance fell upon him, now and then, through a film of tears, but he refused (recognise) of it.
(2)一句多译
[2021·全国乙卷书面表达] 人们普遍认为在线学习是一种重要的学习方式。
→ online learning is a significant way to study. (it作形式主语)
→Online learning a significant way to study.
base v.以……为基础;以……为据点 n.底部;根据
(1)base…on/upon… 把……建立在……的基础上
be based on/upon… 以……为基础
(2)basis n. 基础
on the basis of… 在……的基础上
on a daily/regular basis 每天/定期,经常
(3)basic adj. 基本的;基础的
(4)basically adv. 基本上,从根本上说
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2024·新课标Ⅱ卷] This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the (base) principles of photography in the wild.
②[2024·全国甲卷] What is moderation (适度) (basic), it means eating only as much food as your body needs.
③[2024·北京卷] (base) on the information entered by each student, potential pairs are identified.
④[2020·全国卷Ⅰ] The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work (base) on our present mental register.
(2)完成句子
①[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷应用文写作] My suggestion is to group students (根据他们的语言能力) or to let students choose their own partners. (应用文写作之
建议信)
②In order to maintain physical and mental health, I cultivated a reasonable work-rest practice and (定期锻炼). (应用文写作话题之健康生活)
aware adj.意识到的;明白的;知道的
(1)be/become aware of/that…
意识到……
(2)awareness n. 意识
raise/develop/arouse awareness of…
提高/培养/唤醒……的意识
(3)unaware adj. 没意识到的,未察觉的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2023·北京卷] People develop countless habits as they explore the world, whether they are aware them or not.
②[人教选三U3] Furthermore, the local authorities began to use the media to spread environmental (aware) and encourage greater use of clean energy.
(2)完成句子
①[2022·全国甲卷书面表达] June 8th was officially named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day. It was set up (为了提高我们保护海洋的意识). (应用文写作话题之环保)
② (深知你热衷于) volunteer work, I’m writing to invite you to apply to be admitted into our school’s volunteer team. (应用文写作之邀请信)
wind up 给(机械)上发条;使(活动、会议等)结束;最终落得;摇上(车窗等)
(1)wind up doing sth(=end up doing sth)
结果/最终/到头来是……;以……收场/结尾
(2)wind down 摇下(车窗等);喘口气
(3)wind one’s way 蜿蜒前行,曲折延伸
[温馨提示] wind作名词和动词时发音不同:
wind/w nd/ n.风;
/wa nd/v.蜿蜒;缠绕;上发条(其过去式和过去分词为wound, wound)
winding adj.弯曲的,蜿蜒的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
You’ll wind up (get) fat if you eat at McDonald’s every day.
(2)一词多义
①Don’t forget to wind up the clock before you go to bed.
②We need to wind up now; we only have five minutes left.
③Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills (垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans.
(3)完成句子
①The path (蜿蜒延伸) to the top of the mountain. (读后续写之场景描写)
②The following day we drove to the destination along (蜿蜒的乡间小路). (读后续写之场景描写)
come across (偶然)遇见,碰见;偶然发现
(1)run across/into 偶然遇见;意外碰到
bump into 偶然遇见;意外碰到
(2)come about 发生;产生
come out 出现;开花;出版;发表;显示
come up 走近;即将发生;发芽;上升;被提及
come up with 想出,提出
when it comes to (doing) sth
当谈到(做)某事
【活学活用】
(1)用come相关短语的适当形式填空
①[2024·全国甲卷] The government has struggled to measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River.
②Can you explain how it that you were an hour late
③[人教必修一Welcome Unit] And, after a long day of study, he likes to watch the sun go down and wait for the stars to .
④You’d better turn to your classmates or teachers for help when you difficulty in your study.
⑤Mum , gave them a thumbs-up and hugged the sisters.
(2)完成句子
(当谈到我们未来的选择时), it’s highly recommended that we combine our personal preference with professional suggestions. (应用文写作之建议信)
have a frog in one’s throat (尤因喉咙痛)说话困难
(1)与身体部位有关的短语
one’s heart is in one’s mouth
提心吊胆,心提到了嗓子眼儿
(have/get/with) butterflies in one’s stomach
情绪紧张,心里发慌
(2)与动物有关的短语
as busy as a bee 忙得不可开交
like a rat in a hole 瓮中之鳖
like a cat on hot bricks
像热锅上的蚂蚁;局促不安
rain cats and dogs 下倾盆大雨
hold your horses 慢点,别急
【活学活用】
完成句子
①As I approached the edge of the cliff, (我的心提到了嗓子眼儿). (读后续写之心理描写)
② (我心里七上八下的) when I was sitting there waiting for my turn, but once I stepped onto the stage, I was just fine. (读后续写之心理描写)
③I (说话困难) because I got a bad cold.
④He paced back and forth in the waiting room, feeling (像热锅上的蚂蚁). (读后续写之动作+心理描写)
(1)(教材P19) Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.
菠萝里既没有松树,也没有苹果。
(2)(教材P26) Not only can you post specific questions, but you can also broaden your knowledge by reading posts from other English learners around the world.
你不仅可以发布特定的问题,还可以通过阅读世界上其他英语学习者的帖子来扩充你的知识。
否定词+be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语
句型公式
【句式点拨】
句(1)中的“Neither is there…”和句(2)中的“Not only can you post…”都是部分倒装结构。表示否定意义的词或短语位于句首时,通常把be动词、情态动词或助动词置于主语之前,构成部分倒装结构。
【相关拓展】
(1)neither…nor…(既不……也不……)、not only…but (also)…(不仅……而且……)、either…or…(或者……或者……)用于连接两个对等的成分,当连接主语时,谓语和后一主语在人称和数上保持一致。
(2)常见的否定词和短语有:
①hardly, seldom, little, never, nowhere, nor等;
②no longer, by no means, in no way, under no circumstances, on no account等;
③neither…nor…, hardly/scarcely…when…, no sooner…than…, not until…等。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Neither my parents nor I (be) going to see the film this weekend.
②[北师必修二U6] Thus, not only is he known as a superhero in the Superman films, he is also regarded as a superhero to many in real life.
(2)完成句子
(我们不仅从我们的成功中学习), but we also learn from our failures, which teach us valuable lessons. (倒装) (读后续写之主题升华句)
(教材P19) This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language to learn.
这使我开始思考英语怎么会成为一种让人学起来感到发疯的语言。
get+宾语+宾补
句型公式
【句式点拨】
get表示“使,让”,后面跟复合宾语结构,作宾语补足语的可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式或分词。其中接非谓语时含义不同:
get+宾语+doing,意为“使……开始……起来,快速地使……进入某种状态”,现在分词表示主动,一般有延续性含义;
get+宾语+to do意为“使……做某事”,不定式一般表示一次具体行为或是动作全过程;
get+宾语+done 意为“使……被……,遭受到……”,过去分词表示被动,与宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
【活学活用】
完成句子
①[2024·浙江1月考应用文写作] The “Stand Up and Stretch” exercise is a quick and easy way (使你的血液流动起来) and re-energize your body and mind. (应用
文写作话题之体育运动)
②Let’s take action (让每个人参与) the meaningful activities. (involve) (应用文写作之倡议书)
③[新概念第3册] The rough road across the plain soon became so bad that we tried (让Bruce把车开回到) the village we had come from.
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.The campaign aimed to raise (aware) of the risks associated with drunk driving and prevent misadventures on the road.
2.The house was improved by the (add) of another bathroom.
3.To those who are unfamiliar with this system, it can sometimes be (confuse).
4.The error served as a (remind) to double-check all calculations before submitting the report.
5.Taking time for (reflect) can lead to positive personal growth and a deeper understanding of yourself.
6.The French specifically have an official (organize) that creates new words, in order to avoid borrowed words.
7.Our teacher shared some helpful online resources with the (intend) of providing valuable information for us.
8. (base) on the evidence presented, she made some reasonable comments during the discussion.
9.She has a unique way of dressing, which always adds a touch of (formal) elegance to her outfits.
10.As a student, I want to use my (create) to explore possible solutions to problems.
11.Usually, a child’s (behave) is a reflection of his family education.
12.After struggling for years, he regarded the award as a sign of (recognise), which boosted his confidence.
13.And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face, you are more than likely (experience) local culture and customs first-hand.
14.The residents were (alarm) by the sudden announcement of a major construction project in their neighbourhood, with many voicing opposing opinions about its potential impact on their daily lives.
15.I’ve been having trouble (contact) my old friend from college as her phone number seems to be disconnected.
●Ⅱ 短语填空
1.He was late this morning because his alarm clock didn’t (发出响声).
2.It is reported that the president is scheduled to (结束) his visit to Somalia in July.
3.The entire apartment building (烧毁) in the early hours of yesterday morning, leaving dozens of families homeless.
4.She (说话困难) during the presentation yesterday, making it difficult for her to speak clearly in that particular section of her speech.
5. (说到) travelling, do contact me when you are in my city.
6.The biggest advantage is that you may (遇到) various people in your work who are similar or unique.
7.We should (意识到) the importance of protecting natural resources.
8.I’ve experienced a sense of culture shock, the feeling of confusion in a new country when you’re adjusting to things that you’re (对……不熟悉).
●Ⅲ 句型训练
1.I was always afraid of water. I had never gone into a swimming pool until swimming became a school requirement. (表语从句)
我总是害怕水。那就是为什么在游泳成为学校必修课之前,我从来没有进过游泳池。
2.What the teacher said what life was for. (get+宾语+宾补)
老师说的话让我开始思考人生的意义是什么。
3.At the sight of this, she seemed .
看到这一切,她似乎既不惊讶也不担心。
4. worth a visit, but also you’ll enjoy some spectacular natural scenery. (倒装)
中国不仅有无数名胜古迹值得一游,而且你还会欣赏到一些壮丽的自然风光。
●Ⅰ 动词变形练
1.The government is considering (ban) single-use plastics to reduce environmental pollution.
2.The letter (bear) no signature, which puzzled her.
3.He wanted $8,000 for the car but I (beat) him down to $6,000.
4.Although he (beat) in his first race, I was thrilled with his performance.
5.Slowly my eyes (become) accustomed to the darkness and soon I fell asleep.
6.The meeting (begin) promisingly, but then things started to go wrong.
●Ⅱ 构词法规则
构词法 前缀dis-表示“否定”、 “相反”; dis-还有“分开,分离”的意思
指出下列黑体词的含义
1.[2024·北京卷] The approval of others is rewarding, while their disapproval is strongly disliked.
2.[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷] Don’t be too discouraged if things don’t go according to plan.
3.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] The kids’ parents distrusted her.
4.[2022·全国甲卷] I was unwilling to talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not staying out with my friends too late.
5.[2020·全国新高考Ⅰ卷] Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.
●Ⅲ 熟词生义练
指出下列黑体词在句中的不同含义
1.affect
①The heartfelt speech delivered by the activist affected the audience, inspiring them to take action.
②These viruses are infectious and can easily affect people with weak immune systems.
2.against
①He voiced his strong opinions against animal cruelty in a public speech.
②The last part of the course was hard because I was running against the wind.
③The waves crashed against the rocks with tremendous force.
④She leaned her head against the window and closed her eyes.
⑤[2021·全国甲卷] I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow.
3.age
①[2020 ·浙江7月考] Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age…
②In the digital age, technology plays a crucial role in how we communicate and access information.
4.air
①With her head held high, she entered the room with an air of confidence.
②The television interview will be aired to all parts of the country.
③Leave the windows open to let the room air a bit.
5.appetite
①He suffered from headaches and loss of appetite.
②She has an amazing appetite for knowledge.
6.apply
①[2021·浙江6月考] The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage.
②She carefully applied sunscreen on her face before going out.
③In class, all the students should be applied to listening to the teacher and taking notes.
Part Ⅰ 应用文写作
[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ/Ⅱ卷] 假定你是李华,外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组,让大家课后练习口语,你认为这样分组存在问题。请你给外教写一封邮件,内容包括:
1.说明问题;
2.提出建议。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Ryan,
I’m Li Hua from Class 3. I’m writing 1. (表达我对……的担忧) the way of grouping us at random to practise our oral English.
2. (我很感激能有机会练习英语) in a group of two. But what worries me is that pairing us up randomly 3. (很可能会导致英语口语的提升失败), as we may be at different levels of oral English proficiency. Therefore, would it be possible for us to choose our partners freely 4. (基于我们的个性和英语能力) In this way, not only 5. (我们能够为我们的口语练习创造一种互动式的环境), but also everyone may feel more comfortable or motivated to chat with each other.
I would be more than delighted 6. (如果您能考虑我的建议). Looking forward to our progress in spoken English.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
Part Ⅱ 读后续写
2.情感细节描写——焦虑、担忧与紧张
【语言素材】
焦虑的;忧虑的 anxious/worried/uneasy 焦急地/不安地 with anxiety/uneasiness/anxiously
难过的;沮丧的 upset/discouraged/frustrated 对……担忧 be concerned about/care about
担心的;不安的 uneasy/restless 为……而担忧/忧虑 be worried/anxious/uneasy about
坐立不安的;紧张的 restless/nervous 情绪紧张, 忐忑不安 have/get/with butterflies in one’s stomach
紧张的 nervous 掩饰紧张/焦虑 hide one’s nervousness/anxiety
(续表)
焦虑 anxiety/worry 一阵紧张/焦虑 a surge/wave/flood of tension/anxiety
紧张;焦虑 tension 心狂跳不止/剧烈跳动 one’s heart pounds/beats/races wildly/loudly/hard
屏住呼吸 hold one’s breath (大脑)一片空白 (mind) go blank
手发抖 with one’s hands shaking 如坐针毡 sit/be on pins and needles
【跟踪演练】
●Ⅰ 单句表达
1.Lost in the mountain, they had nothing to do but .
他们在山里迷了路,只好焦急地等待救援。
2.Watching him climb up the edge of the cliff, everybody was breathless .
看着他往悬崖上爬, 大家都不安地屏住了呼吸。
3.
as she waited for/awaited the results of her exam.
在等待考试结果的过程中,她的焦虑与日俱增。
4.As the evening wore on, they .
随着夜色渐深,他们越来越担忧。
5. struck him.
一阵紧张感向他袭来。
6. , Derek detailed the accident to Mr Such.
德里克忐忑不安地向萨奇先生详述了事故经过。
7.She tried to , but she could feel her heart beat wildly.
她试图掩饰自己的紧张,但她能感觉到自己的心在怦怦地跳。
●Ⅱ 语段表达(焦虑、担忧与紧张)
It was the day of the big maths test, and Sarah was extremely nervous. She 1. (担心这次考试) for weeks, knowing that her grade point average depended heavily on this result. As she walked into the classroom, she felt 2. (一阵焦虑感) wash over her, and 3. (她的心狂跳不止) in her chest. She 4. (试图掩饰自己的紧张), but 5. (她的双手正控制不住地颤抖). When the teacher handed out the test papers, Sarah’s mind 6. (变得一片空白) for a moment. She sat there, feeling like she 7. (正如坐针毡). She 8. (屏住呼吸) as she looked at the first question. She 9. (担心) not remembering the formulas and procedures she had learned, which 10. (使她更加焦虑). Despite her fears, she took a deep breath and started working through the problems, hoping that her preparation would pay off. Unit 2 Exploring English
(限时:35分钟)
●Ⅰ 阅读理解
A [2024·浙江北斗星盟高三适应性考试]
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:370
There are close to 7,000 languages spoken on Earth. However, it’s estimated that by the end of this century, up to 50% of them may be lost.
It’s commonly thought that majority languages tend to be valued for being useful and for promoting progress, while minority languages are seen as barriers to progress, and the value placed on them is seen mainly as sentimental (感情用事的). But is sentimentality really the only motivation for preserving language diversity
Speakers of endangered languages often live in remote areas with unique landforms. It is quite common for these languages to distinguish between hundreds more types of plants and animals than those known to modern science. For example, in Southeast Asia, some tribes have discovered the medicinal properties of over sixty-five hundred plant species. This has led to many of landmark achievements in medicine.
It was once believed that the limits of one’s language defined the limits of one’s thought. This theory, called the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis (假说), has been largely rejected in favour of the improved version, which assumes that the language we speak does not set the limits of our thoughts, but it does direct our focus in certain ways. For example, English is a tense-based language. It’s nearly impossible to talk about doing something without specifying the time—i.e. I went to the party (past), I’m going to the party (present), or I’ll go to the party (future). This differs from Chinese, where it’s perfectly reasonable to say, “I go to the party” without defining the “when”. Thus, part of the richness of language is that it allows us to organize the world in so many unique ways.
Some languages categorize the world in ways so different from our own that they are difficult to conceptualize (概念化). The United States employed native Navajo speakers to create a system of message coding during the Second World War. The Japanese were never able to break it, and the “code talkers” are often cited today as having helped decide the outcome of the war.
As we’ve already seen, minority languages are valuable for many practical reasons. In conclusion, I’d say the short answer is yes—dying languages are certainly worth saving!
( )1.What do people tend to think of minority languages
A.Valueless. B.Time-honoured.
C.Informal. D.Stable.
( )2.How can we benefit from endangered languages according to the author
A.We can discover drugs in a much safer way.
B.We don’t have to rely on modern medicine.
C.We can acquire a broad knowledge of nature.
D.We can learn how to protect plants and animals.
( )3.Why does the author mention the Second World War
A.To correct the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.
B.To prove the value of minority languages.
C.To show wars’ role in preserving a language.
D.To explain ways to conserve some languages.
( )4.What would be a suitable title for the text
A.Are majority languages worth valuing
B.Are we willing to save dying languages
C.Should endangered languages be saved
D.Is the future of minority languages bright
B [2024·河北高三二模]
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:335
For the past decade, one of the most linguistically (语言学地) diverse places in the world, square mile after square mile, has been my home: Queens, New York.
The soundtrack outside my door is extraordinary: on any given block, passing voices speak varieties of Polish, Ukrainian, Egyptian Arabic, Mexican Spanish, Puerto Rican Spanish, Dominican Spanish, and all the forms of New York City English they give rise to.
As a person who studies languages, I can usually distinguish them from one another, but understand only a part of what people are saying.
Users of Seke, a language from five villages in Nepal with 700 speakers, live a subway ride away. In certain stores, Albanians, Bosnians, Serbs, and Montenegrins all reunite, using the languages of the former Yugoslavia as if the country still existed. No group has a majority, or even 15 percent of the neighbourhood, and most are at just 5 or 10 percent. English acts, for the most part, as a vital lingua franca (通用语). This last point is crucial, because a city can be a haven (避难所) for diversity but also an end point.
My neighbourhood has its signature sound, but there are several dozen others that are just as diverse, each in a different way.
These are the places where the Endangered Language Alliance, the non-profit organization I co-direct, has recorded New Yorkers speaking more than 100 languages that the survey and other data sets say don’t officially exist, and more than 700 in total.
That linguistic portrait makes clear that early-21st-century New York City is a last haven for endangered languages—ones that are being hounded out of existence elsewhere. And this deep linguistic diversity is among the least explored but possibly most important factors in New York’s history and make-up. New York’s soul can be found in the existence of these many, many languages, explaining New York’s particular capacity for tolerance and its ability to “make room” for others.
( )5.What is the author’s occupation
A.An economist. B.A historian.
C.A linguist. D.A reporter.
( )6.What can be inferred about the languages in New York City
A.They are close to disappearing.
B.They are mainly spoken by villagers.
C.English is the most popular language.
D.Many of them are not officially recognized.
( )7.What does the underlined word “hounded” in the last paragraph probably mean
A.Protected. B.Threatened.
C.Respected. D.Accepted.
( )8.From which book might the text have been taken
A.Language City.
B.The Development of Languages.
C.Endangered Languages in New York.
D.The Importance of Language Diversity.
●Ⅱ 语法填空 [2024·安徽滁州高三二模]
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:209
Language is naturally acquired when children are able to use it pleasurably, and language acquisition by children 1. (them) saves both time and labour, said English-language education expert Chen Yaping.
Based 2. observation and study, the professor at the School of English and International Studies at Beijing Foreign Studies University and director of its Child Language Research Centre, said Chinese children 3. (common) lack access to genuine English dialogues for learning and using 4. language.
Chen 5. (suggest) that children make use of dialogues that meet actual daily needs and read 6. (grade) materials or picture books that match their cognitive (认知) level and interest and are of practical use.
She said that reading is a short cut to learning English in a foreign language environment, as quality reading materials introduce children to genuine dialogue they can reproduce in real-life 7. (conversation).
“Children read because they love to read, not because they are told that reading is important for learning English. We should allow them 8. (give) up reading a book halfway through and pick up another one 9. they are more interested in,” said Chen.
She added that relieving anxiety, making children feel safe, and allowing them to experience a sense of 10. (achieve) are vital to learning English.
●Ⅲ 完形填空 [2024·广东高三三模]
文体:新闻报道 主题:人与社会 词数:238
Tobias, a 35-year-old Belgian musician, has become popular on social media for his excellent grasp of the Shanghai dialect. He has been sharing his everyday experiences, which he 1 in Shanghai dialect, on video-sharing and lifestyle 2 Douyin and Xiaohongshu, winning thousands of followers and millions of 3 .
In the videos, he speaks 4 Shanghai dialect, which many non-locals believe is as difficult to learn and 5 as a foreign language. He talks about walking on the city’s streets, enjoying the food and music, and 6 his daily life in the city. Tobias started shooting and 7 these short videos for his own practice purposes. He didn’t expect so many people would be watching them, following him and sending him 8 and encouragement.
Tobias did not bury his nose in books or 9 intensive study to learn Shanghainese. He said his learning 10 involved getting immersed in a language environment, having a positive attitude, and speaking 11 “without being afraid to make mistakes”. He was not thinking too much when he started learning the Shanghai dialect—it was just for 12 .
Tobias said he did not expect he would 13 the promotion of the Shanghai dialect, but it would be an 14 and pleasure if his posts encouraged his followers to learn and pass on the dialect. “I believe a dialect is the heart of a local 15 ,” said the musician.
( )1.A.acts B.delivers
C.competes D.votes
( )2.A.approaches B.habits
C.platforms D.communities
( )3.A.likes B.dollars
C.medals D.chances
( )4.A.ancient B.sweet
C.modern D.fluent
( )5.A.understand B.write
C.create D.practise
( )6.A.advancing B.searching
C.recording D.observing
( )7.A.testing B.reviewing
C.selling D.posting
( )8.A.notes B.comments
C.reports D.replies
( )9.A.interrupt B.assess
C.conduct D.appreciate
( )10.A.materials B.methods
C.objectives D.resources
( )11.A.secretly B.slowly
C.happily D.bravely
( )12.A.fun B.work
C.fame D.show
( )13.A.stick to B.contribute to
C.focus on D.rely on
( )14.A.advantage B.opportunity
C.honour D.option
( )15.A.authority B.history
C.custom D.culture
A.词汇积累
1.medicinal property药性
2.tense-based adj.以时态为基础的
3.categorize v.将……分类;把……加以归类
4.soundtrack n.声带;声道;声迹
5.give rise to产生;导致
6.co-direct v.共同负责
7.acquisition n.获得
8.short cut n.捷径
9.bury one’s nose in books埋头读书
B.熟词生义
signature adj.标志性的;独特的 n.签名
My neighbourhood has its signature sound, but there are several dozen others that are just as diverse, each in a different way.(阅读B, Para.5)
【译文】 我所在的社区有自己独特的声音,但还有几十个其他的社区也同样存在多样化的声音,每种都各具特色。
C.长难句分析
This theory, called the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis (假说), has been largely rejected in favour of the improved version, which assumes that the language we speak does not set the limits of our thoughts, but it does direct our focus in certain ways.(阅读A, Para.4)
【分析】 句子的主干为this theory has been largely rejected; called the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰名词theory;which引导定语从句,修饰先行词version;that 引导宾语从句,作assumes的宾语;we speak为省略了关系代词which/that 的定语从句,修饰先行词language。
【译文】 这个被称为Sapir-Whorf假说的理论在很大程度上遭到了否定,取而代之的是一个改进的版本,它认为我们所说的语言并没有为我们的思想设定界限,但它确实以某些方式引导着我们的注意力。(共153张PPT)
Unit 2 Exploring English
语境词汇串记
考点互动探究
当堂过关检测
语言素养提升
写作素养提升
作业手册
答案速查【听】
答案速查【作】
English is a unique language that reflects the creativity of
human race. However, some English words can be rather
1.__________(confuse). People may wonder 2._____ there is no
egg in eggplant, and neither is there pine nor apple in
pineapple. It is also odd that we sometimes get seasick at sea,
airsick in the air and carsick in a car 3._____ we don't get
homesick at home.
confusing
why
but
Some opposing phrases such as burn up and burn down
can have the same meaning while the same phrase may have
opposite meaning in different context. For example, when we
wind up a watch, it starts, but when we wind up a passage, it
ends. Similarly, the word “wicked” 4._________(contain) both
negative and positive meanings.
contains
Besides, the different 5.______(type) of vocabularies used in
different countries also confuse English learners. For example,
Americans live in apartments, put gas in their cars and drive
along the highway whereas British people live in flats, put
petrol in their cars and drive along the motorway.
types
If we intend 6._________(learn) English well, we should refer
to the dictionary when we come across 7.__________(familiar)
words. 8.________(actual), new additions are made to English
dictionaries each year. Moreover, there are useful learning
resources in online forums, which can remind us 9._________
the latest changes in the use of English words. Most importantly,
we have to be aware that language 10._________(base) on
culture. Only when we recognise the cultural differences can we
avoid misadventures and errors in English learning.
to learn
unfamiliar
Actually
of/about
is based
1 reflect v.认真思考;反映;映出(影像);反射;表现
(1)reflect on/upon 认真思考;深思
(2)reflection n. 映像;反映;沉思,思考
on/upon reflection 经再三考虑后(改变看法)
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
[2023·北京卷] Each week, participants will be asked to complete
a topic-specific __________(reflect) task.
reflection
(2)完成句子
①After reading the diary, the son's eyes filled with tears. He
began to ________________(认真思考) the days when he used
to sit together with his father.
reflect on/upon
②The quiet lake is like a mirror _____________________________
_______(反射出金色的太阳光线). (读后续写之场景描写)
reflecting the golden rays of the sun
2 unfamiliar adj.不熟悉的
(1)familiar adj. 熟悉的
sb be familiar/unfamiliar with… 某人对……熟悉/不熟悉;某人通晓/
不了解……
…be familiar/unfamiliar to sb ……被某人熟悉/不被某人熟悉
(2)familiarity n. 熟悉;通晓;认识
(3)familiarize vt. 使熟悉
familiarize sb/oneself with sth 使某人/自己熟悉某物
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
［人教选二U2］ Students must learn how to live in an
__________(familiar) environment with limited language skills.
unfamiliar
(2)完成句子
①Not only am I ___________________________________________
____(熟悉我们城市的历史和传统), but also I have strong affection
for them, which enables me to provide visitors with more
professional service. (应用文写作之申请信)
familiar with the history and traditions of our city
②The taste of the freshly baked apple pie
_________________(被……熟悉) him, reminding him of his
grandmother's kitchen and the love poured into her cooking.
(读后续写之情感描写)
is/was familiar to
③In order to ensure a successful performance, it is necessary
_________________________(使你自己熟悉) the lines and rehearse
in advance. (应用文写作之建议信)
to familiarize yourself with
3 likely adj.可能的,预料的
(1)unlikely adj. 不太可能的;未必会发生的
(2)sb be likely/unlikely to do…
某人很可能/不太可能做……
It is/seems likely/unlikely that…
(似乎)很可能/不太可能……
［温馨提示］ 与likely有相似意思的还有possible和probable,用法如
下:
possible 主语不能是人,常用句式为“It is possible for sb to do
sth.”或“It is possible that…”
probable 不能用人或不定式作主语,常用句式为“It is probable
that…”
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
［2024·新课标Ⅰ卷］ No editor is likely ___________(tolerate) a
writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
to tolerate
(2)完成句子
①_______________________________(很可能) sharing similar
interests will bring you closer to your friends and strengthen
your bond. (应用文写作话题之友谊)
It is likely/possible/probable that
②______________________(似乎不太可能) she could make it to
the storm cellar (地窖) quickly enough. (读后续写话题之灾难遇险)
It seemed unlikely that
4 remind v.提醒;使想起
(1)remind sb of/about sth 提醒某人某事;使某人想起某事
remind sb to do sth 提醒某人去做某事
remind sb that… 提醒某人……;使某人想起……
(2)reminder n. 起提醒作用的事物
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①［2024·新课标Ⅱ卷］ Neighbours will bring me freshly made
cheese and will come to my door to remind me
_________(close) the window in my car when rain is coming.
to close
②The incident serves as a timely __________(remind) of just
how dangerous mountaineering can be.
reminder
(2)完成句子
①It is these small gestures that _____________________________
______________(使我们想起了美好和善良) within all of us.
(读后续写之主题升华句)
remind us of/about the beauty and goodness
②The profound quote “It is never too old to
learn.”______________________________________________________
____________(提醒我们获取知识的旅程是永无止境的), regardless
of our age or circumstances.
reminds us that the journey of acquiring knowledge is never-ending
5 intend v.想要,打算,计划
(1)intend to do/doing sth 打算做某事
intend sb/sth to do sth 打算让……做某事
had intended to do sth 本打算做某事(但事实上没做)
(2)intended adj. 意欲达到的；计划的;打算的
sth be intended for… 专为……打算/设计的
sth be intended to do sth 打算做……,目的是……
(3)intention n. 意图
with the intention of… 打算……;为了……
(4)intentional adj. 故意的
intentionally adv. 故意地
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2024·浙江1月考] The last time I used a phone box for its
_________(intend) purpose was… 2006.
intended
②[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] The GPNP is intended
___________(provide) stronger protection for all the species that
live within the Giant Panda Range…
to provide
③I ______________(intend) to call on you yesterday, but I had
an unexpected visitor.
had intended
(2)完成句子
①[2020·全国新高考Ⅰ卷应用文写作] Our school organized a five-
kilometre cross-country running race ____________________(为了)
improving our physical and mental health. (应用文写作之活动报
道)
with the intention of
②[2018·北京卷书面表达] In my opinion, Beijing Language and
Culture University, which enjoys excellent reputation for its
language and culture courses _______________________________
____________________(专为国际学生开设的), is your right choice.
(应用文写作之建议信)
(that/which are)intended for international students
6 recognise vt.辨认出;意识到;承认;公认
(1)recognise…as/to be… 承认/认为……是……
It is (widely/generally) recognised that…
人们(普遍)认为……
(2)recognition n. 认出;承认;认可
beyond/out of recognition 难以认出
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] Shanghai may be the
___________(recognise) home of the soup dumplings, but food
historians will actually point you to the neighbouring ancient
canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birthplace.
recognised
②［译林选二U3］ Today, acupuncture (针灸) is recognised
_________ a symbol of traditional Chinese culture and has come
into widespread use around the world.
as/to be
③［《汤姆·索亚历险记》］ He knew that a yearning (渴望的)
glance fell upon him, now and then, through a film of tears,
but he refused ___________(recognise) of it.
recognition
(2)一句多译
[2021·全国乙卷书面表达] 人们普遍认为在线学习是一种重要的学
习方式。
→___________________________________ online learning is a
significant way to study. (it作形式主语)
→Online learning _____________________________________ a
significant way to study.
It is widely/generally recognised that
is widely/generally recognised as/to be
7 base v.以……为基础;以……为据点 n.底部;根据
(1)base…on/upon… 把……建立在……的基础上
be based on/upon… 以……为基础
(2)basis n. 基础
on the basis of… 在……的基础上
on a daily/regular basis 每天/定期,经常
(3)basic adj. 基本的;基础的
(4)basically adv. 基本上,从根本上说
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①［2024·新课标Ⅱ卷］ This informative walk led by Richard
Smyth introduces you to the ______(base) principles of
photography in the wild.
basic
②[2024·全国甲卷] What is moderation (适度) _________(basic),
it means eating only as much food as your body needs.
Basically
③[2024·北京卷] _______(base) on the information entered by
each student, potential pairs are identified.
Based
④［2020·全国卷Ⅰ］ The beauty of rereading lies in the idea
that our bond with the work _________(base) on our present
mental register.
is based
(2)完成句子
①[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷应用文写作] My suggestion is to group
students _______________________________(根据他们的语言能力)
or to let students choose their own partners. (应用文写作之建议
信)
based on their language abilities
②In order to maintain physical and mental health, Icultivated a
reasonable work-rest practice and ___________________________
_____(定期锻炼). (应用文写作话题之健康生活)
took exercise on a regular basis
8 aware adj.意识到的;明白的;知道的
(1)be/become aware of/that… 意识到……
(2)awareness n. 意识
raise/develop/arouse awareness of…
提高/培养/唤醒……的意识
(3)unaware adj. 没意识到的,未察觉的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2023·北京卷] People develop countless habits as they explore
the world, whether they are aware ___ them or not.
of
②[人教选三U3] Furthermore, the local authorities began to use
the media to spread environmental ___________(aware) and
encourage greater use of clean energy.
awareness
(2)完成句子
①[2022·全国甲卷书面表达] June 8th was officially named by the
UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day. It was set up _____________
________________________________(为了提高我们保护海洋的意识).
(应用文写作话题之环保)
to raise our awareness of protecting the ocean
②_________________________________________________
(深知你热衷于) volunteer work, I'm writing to invite you to apply
to be admitted into our school's volunteer team. (应用文写作之
邀请信)
Fully aware that you are keen on/enthusiastic about
1 wind up 给(机械)上发条;使(活动、会议等)结束;最终落得;摇上
(车窗等)
(1)wind up doing sth(=end up doing sth)
结果/最终/到头来是……;以……收场/结尾
(2)wind down 摇下(车窗等);喘口气
(3)wind one's way 蜿蜒前行,曲折延伸
［温馨提示］ wind作名词和动词时发音不同:
wind/w nd/ n.风;
/wa nd/v.蜿蜒;缠绕;上发条(其过去式和过去分词为wound, wound)
winding adj.弯曲的,蜿蜒的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
You'll wind up ________(get) fat if you eat at McDonald's every
day.
getting
(2)一词多义
①Don't forget to wind up the clock before you go to bed.
________
②We need to wind up now; we only have five minutes left.
______
上发条
结束
③Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every
year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills (垃圾填埋场), and
up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. __________
最终落得
(3)完成句子
①The path ______________(蜿蜒延伸) to the top of the
mountain. (读后续写之场景描写)
winds its way
②The following day we drove to the destination along
_________________________(蜿蜒的乡间小路). (读后续写之场景描
写)
the winding country road
2 come across (偶然)遇见,碰见;偶然发现
(1)run across/into 偶然遇见;意外碰到
bump into 偶然遇见;意外碰到
(2)come about 发生;产生
come out 出现;开花;出版;发表;显示
come up 走近;即将发生;发芽;上升;被提及
come up with 想出,提出
when it comes to (doing) sth当谈到(做)某事
【活学活用】
(1)用come相关短语的适当形式填空
①[2024·全国甲卷] The government has struggled to
______________ measures to address the problem, particularly in
the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River.
come up with
②Can you explain how it ____________ that you were an hour
late
came about
③［人教必修一Welcome Unit］ And, after a long day of study,
he likes to watch the sun go down and wait for the stars to
__________.
come out
④You'd better turn to your classmates or teachers for help
when you _____________ difficulty in your study.
⑤Mum __________, gave them a thumbs-up and hugged the
sisters.
come across
came up
(2)完成句子
____________________________________(当谈到我们未来的选择时),
it's highly recommended that we combine our personal
preference with professional suggestions. (应用文写作之建议信)
When it comes to our future choices
3 have a frog in one's throat (尤因喉咙痛)说话困难
(1)与身体部位有关的短语
one's heart is in one's mouth
提心吊胆,心提到了嗓子眼儿
(have/get/with) butterflies in one's stomach
情绪紧张,心里发慌
(2)与动物有关的短语
as busy as a bee 忙得不可开交
like a rat in a hole 瓮中之鳖
like a cat on hot bricks 像热锅上的蚂蚁;局促不安
rain cats and dogs 下倾盆大雨
hold your horses 慢点，别急
【活学活用】
完成句子
①As I approached the edge of the cliff, _____________________
______(我的心提到了嗓子眼儿). (读后续写之心理描写)
my heart was in my mouth
②______________________________(我心里七上八下的) when I
was sitting there waiting for my turn, but once I stepped onto
the stage, I was just fine. (读后续写之心理描写)
I had butterflies in my stomach
③I ________________________(说话困难) because I got a bad
cold.
had a frog in my throat
④He paced back and forth in the waiting room, feeling
_______________________(像热锅上的蚂蚁). (读后续写之动作+心
理描写)
like a cat on hot bricks
1 (1)(教材P19) Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.
菠萝里既没有松树,也没有苹果。
(2)(教材P26) Not only can you post specific questions, but
you can also broaden your knowledge by reading posts from
other English learners around the world.
你不仅可以发布特定的问题,还可以通过阅读世界上其他英语学习者
的帖子来扩充你的知识。
句型公式
否定词+be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语
【句式点拨】
句(1)中的“Neither is there…”和句(2)中的“Not only can you post…”
都是部分倒装结构。表示否定意义的词或短语位于句首时,通常把be
动词、情态动词或助动词置于主语之前,构成部分倒装结构。
【相关拓展】
(1)neither…nor…(既不……也不……)、not only…but (also)…
(不仅……而且……)、either…or…(或者……或者……)用于连接两个
对等的成分,当连接主语时,谓语和后一主语在人称和数上保持一致。
(2)常见的否定词和短语有:
①hardly, seldom, little, never, nowhere, nor等;
②no longer, by no means, in no way, under no circumstances,
on no account等;
③neither…nor…, hardly/scarcely…when…, no sooner…than…, not
until…等。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Neither my parents nor I ____(be) going to see the film this
weekend.
am
②［北师必修二U6］ Thus, not only is he known as a superhero
in the Superman films, _____ he is also regarded as a
superhero to many in real life.
but
(2)完成句子
________________________________________(我们不仅从我们的成
功中学习), but we also learn from our failures, which teach us
valuable lessons. (倒装) (读后续写之主题升华句)
Not only do we learn from our successes
2 (教材P19) This got me thinking how English can be a crazy
language to learn.
这使我开始思考英语怎么会成为一种让人学起来感到发疯的语言。
句型公式
get+宾语+宾补
【句式点拨】
get表示“使，让”,后面跟复合宾语结构,作宾语补足语的可以是形容词、
副词、介词短语、不定式或分词。其中接非谓语时含义不同:
get+宾语+doing,意为“使……开始……起来,快速地使……进入某种
状态”,现在分词表示主动,一般有延续性含义;
get+宾语+to do意为“使……做某事”,不定式一般表示一次具体行为
或是动作全过程;
get+宾语+done 意为“使……被……,遭受到……”,过去分词表示被动,
与宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
【活学活用】
完成句子
①[2024·浙江1月考应用文写作] The “Stand Up and Stretch”
exercise is a quick and easy way _________________________
(使你的血液流动起来) and re-energize your body and mind.
(应用文写作话题之体育运动)
to get your blood flowing
②Let's take action ___________________________(让每个人参与)
the meaningful activities. (involve) (应用文写作之倡议书)
to get everyone involved in
③［新概念第3册］ The rough road across the plain soon
became so bad that we tried _____________________________
(让Bruce把车开回到) the village we had come from.
to get Bruce to drive back to
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.The campaign aimed to raise ___________(aware) of the risks
associated with drunk driving and prevent misadventures on the
road.
awareness
2.The house was improved by the _________(add) of another
bathroom.
3.To those who are unfamiliar with this system, it can
sometimes be __________(confuse).
addition
confusing
4.The error served as a __________(remind) to double-check all
calculations before submitting the report.
5.Taking time for __________(reflect) can lead to positive
personal growth and a deeper understanding of yourself.
6.The French specifically have an official ____________(organize)
that creates new words, in order to avoid borrowed words.
7.Our teacher shared some helpful online resources with the
_________(intend) of providing valuable information for us.
reminder
reflection
organization
intention
8._______(base) on the evidence presented, she made some
reasonable comments during the discussion.
9.She has a unique way of dressing, which always adds a touch
of _________(formal) elegance to her outfits.
10.As a student, I want to use my _________(create) to explore
possible solutions to problems.
11.Usually, a child's ___________(behave) is a reflection of his
family education.
Based
informal
creativity
behavio(u)r
12.After struggling for years, he regarded the award as a sign
of ___________(recognise), which boosted his confidence.
recognition
13.And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face, you are
more than likely ______________(experience) local culture and
customs first-hand.
to experience
14.The residents were _________(alarm) by the sudden
announcement of a major construction project in their
neighbourhood, with many voicing opposing opinions about its
potential impact on their daily lives.
alarmed
15.I've been having trouble ___________(contact) my old friend
from college as her phone number seems to be disconnected.
contacting
Ⅱ 短语填空
1.He was late this morning because his alarm clock didn't
_______(发出响声).
2.It is reported that the president is scheduled to _________
(结束) his visit to Somalia in July.
go off
wind up
3.The entire apartment building ______________________(烧毁)
in the early hours of yesterday morning, leaving dozens of
families homeless.
(was) burned down/up
4.She ________________________(说话困难) during the
presentation yesterday, making it difficult for her to speak clearly
in that particular section of her speech.
had a frog in her throat
5.______________________(说到) travelling, do contact me when
you are in my city.
6.The biggest advantage is that you may _____________(遇到)
various people in your work who are similar or unique.
Speaking of/Talking of
come across
7.We should _____________(意识到) the importance of protecting
natural resources.
be aware of
8.I've experienced a sense of culture shock, the feeling of
confusion in a new country when you're adjusting to things that
you're _______________(对……不熟悉).
unfamiliar with
Ⅲ 句型训练
1.I was always afraid of water. ______________ I had never
gone into a swimming pool until swimming became a school
requirement. (表语从句)
我总是害怕水。那就是为什么在游泳成为学校必修课之前，我从来
没有进过游泳池。
That was why
2.What the teacher said ________________ what life was for.
(get+宾语+宾补)
老师说的话让我开始思考人生的意义是什么。
got me thinking
3.At the sight of this, she seemed __________________________
_______.
看到这一切,她似乎既不惊讶也不担心。
neither surprised nor worried
4._____________________________________________________
worth a visit, but also you'll enjoy some spectacular natural
scenery. (倒装)
中国不仅有无数名胜古迹值得一游,而且你还会欣赏到一些壮丽的自
然风光。
Not only are there countless places of interest in China
Ⅰ 动词变形练
1.The government is considering _________(ban) single-use
plastics to reduce environmental pollution.
2.The letter ______(bear) no signature, which puzzled her.
3.He wanted $8,000 for the car but I ______(beat) him down to
$6,000.
banning
bore
beat
4.Although he ____________(beat) in his first race, I was thrilled
with his performance.
5.Slowly my eyes _________(become) accustomed to the
darkness and soon I fell asleep.
6.The meeting _______(begin) promisingly, but then things
started to go wrong.
was beaten
became
began
Ⅱ 构词法规则
构词法 前缀dis-表示“否定”、 “相反”;
dis-还有“分开,分离”的意思
指出下列黑体词的含义
1.[2024·北京卷] The approval of others is rewarding, while their
disapproval is strongly disliked. ______________
2.［2024·新课标Ⅰ卷］ Don't be too discouraged if things don't
go according to plan. ____________________
不赞成，反对
泄气的，心灰意冷的
3.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] The kids' parents distrusted her.
________
不信任
4.[2022·全国甲卷] I was unwilling to talk with him and often
disobeyed his rule of not staying out with my friends too late.
____________
不服从,违抗
5.[2020·全国新高考Ⅰ卷] Follow all rules carefully to prevent
disqualification. ________________
不合格,失去资格
Ⅲ 熟词生义练
指出下列黑体词在句中的不同含义
1.affect
①The heartfelt speech delivered by the activist affected the
audience, inspiring them to take action. ________________
②These viruses are infectious and can easily affect people with
weak immune systems. ___________
影响；深深打动
(疾病)侵袭
2.against
①He voiced his strong opinions against animal cruelty in a
public speech. ______
②The last part of the course was hard because I was running
against the wind. _______________
③The waves crashed against the rocks with tremendous force.
______
反对
与……相反,迎着
碰;撞
④She leaned her head against the window and closed her eyes.
______
靠着
⑤[2021·全国甲卷] I came across a small clearing and
immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the
fresh snow. _________________
以……为背景;衬托
3.age
①[2020 ·浙江7月考] Challenging work that requires lots of
analytical thinking,planning and other managerial skills might
help your brain stay sharp as you age…______
变老
②In the digital age, technology plays a crucial role in how we
communicate and access information.______
时代
4.air
①With her head held high, she entered the room with an air
of confidence. __________
②The television interview will be aired to all parts of the
country. ____________
③Leave the windows open to let the room air a bit. ______
神态;感觉
播出，播送
通风
5.appetite
①He suffered from headaches and loss of appetite. __________
②She has an amazing appetite for knowledge.__________
食欲,胃口
强烈欲望
6.apply
①[2021·浙江6月考] The study showed the animals had figured
out how to apply what they learned about human faces during
training to new faces in the testing stage. ____________
运用，应用
②She carefully applied sunscreen on her face before going out.
______
③In class, all the students should be applied tolistening to the
teacher and taking notes. ________
涂,敷
专注于
Part Ⅰ 应用文写作
［2023·新高考全国Ⅰ/Ⅱ卷］ 假定你是李华,外教Ryan准备将学
生随机分为两人一组,让大家课后练习口语,你认为这样分组存在问题。
请你给外教写一封邮件,内容包括:
1.说明问题;
2.提出建议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Ryan,
I'm Li Hua from Class 3.I'm writing 1._____________________
______________(表达我对……的担忧) the way of grouping us at
random to practise our oral English.
to express my concerns about
2._____________________________________________________
(我很感激能有机会练习英语) in a group of two. But what worries
me is that pairing us up randomly 3._________________________
________________________________(很可能会导致英语口语的提升
失败), as we may be at different levels of oral English
proficiency.
I appreciate the opportunity/chance of practising English
is likely to result in failure in oral English improvement
Therefore, would it be possible for us to choose our partners
freely 4.____________________________________________
(基于我们的个性和英语能力) In this way, not only 5.___________
______________________________________________________
(我们能够为我们的口语练习创造一种互动式的环境), but also
everyone may feel more comfortable or motivated to chat with
each other.
based on our personalities and English abilities
can we create an interactive environment for our oral practice
I would be more than delighted 6._______________________
________________________________(如果您能考虑我的建议).
Looking forward to our progress in spoken English.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
if you could take my proposal into account/consideration
Part Ⅱ 读后续写
2.情感细节描写——焦虑、担忧与紧张
【语言素材】
焦虑的;忧 虑的 anxious/worried /uneasy 焦急地/不 安地 with anxiety/ uneasiness/ anxiously
难过的;沮 丧的 upset/discourag ed/frustrated 对……担忧 be concerned about/care
about
担心的;不 安的 uneasy/restless 为……而担 忧/忧虑 be worried/anxious/uneasy
about
坐立不安 的；紧张的 restless/nervous 情绪紧张, 忐忑不安 have/get/with butterflies in
one's stomach
紧张的 nervous 掩饰紧张/ 焦虑 hide one's
nervousness/anxiety
焦虑 anxiety/worry 一阵紧张/ 焦虑 a surge/wave/flood of
tension/anxiety
续表
紧张;焦虑 tension 心狂跳不止 /剧烈跳动 one's heart
pounds/beats/races
wildly/loudly/hard
屏住呼吸 hold one's breath (大脑)一片 空白 (mind) go blank
手发抖 with one's hands shaking 如坐针毡 sit/be on pins and needles
续表
【跟踪演练】
Ⅰ 单句表达
1.Lost in the mountain, they had nothing to do but
________________________.
他们在山里迷了路,只好焦急地等待救援。
wait for rescue anxiously
2.Watching him climb up the edge of the cliff, everybody was
breathless ____________.
看着他往悬崖上爬, 大家都不安地屏住了呼吸。
with anxiety
3.______________________________________
as she waited for/awaited the results of her exam.
在等待考试结果的过程中,她的焦虑与日俱增。
Her anxiety grew with each passing day
4.As the evening wore on, they _____________________________
_____________.
随着夜色渐深,他们越来越担忧。
grew increasingly/more and more worried
5.________________________ struck him.
一阵紧张感向他袭来。
A wave/flood of tension
6._____________________________, Derek detailed the accident
to Mr Such.
德里克忐忑不安地向萨奇先生详述了事故经过。
With butterflies in his stomach
7.She tried to _____________________, but she could feel her
heart beat wildly.
她试图掩饰自己的紧张,但她能感觉到自己的心在怦怦地跳。
hide her nervousness
Ⅱ 语段表达(焦虑、担忧与紧张)
It was the day of the big maths test, and Sarah was
extremely nervous. She 1.____________________________________
_____________(担心这次考试) for weeks, knowing that her grade
point average depended heavily on this result. As she walked
into the classroom, she felt 2._____________________________
(一阵焦虑感) wash over her, and 3.___________________________
_______________(她的心狂跳不止) in her chest. She
4.____________________________(试图掩饰自己的紧张), but
had been concerned/worried/uneasy about the test
a surge/wave/flood of anxiety
her heart pounded/beat/ raced wildly
tried to hide her nervousness
5._____________________________________(她的双手正控制不住地
颤抖). When the teacher handed out the test papers, Sarah's
mind 6.____________(变得一片空白) for a moment. She sat there,
feeling like she 7.____________________________________
(正如坐针毡). She 8.________________(屏住呼吸) as she looked
at the first question. She 9.__________________________________
______(担心) not remembering the formulas and procedures she
had learned, which 10.____________________________(使她更加焦
虑). Despite her fears, she took a deep breath and started
working through the problems, hoping that her preparation
would pay off.
her hands were shaking uncontrollably
went blank
was sitting/being on pins and needles
held her breath
was worried/concerned/uneasy about
made her even more anxious
作 业 手 册
(限时：35分钟)
Ⅰ 阅读理解
A[2024·浙江北斗星盟高三适应性考试]
文体：说明文 主题：人与社会 词数：370
There are close to 7,000 languages spoken on Earth.
However, it's estimated that by the end of this century, up to
50% of them may be lost.
It's commonly thought that majority languages tend to be
valued for being useful and for promoting progress, while
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
minority languages are seen as barriers to progress, and the
value placed on them is seen mainly as sentimental
(感情用事的). But is sentimentality really the only motivation for
preserving language diversity
Speakers of endangered languages often live in remote
areas with unique landforms. It is quite common for these
languages to distinguish between hundreds more types of plants
and animals than those known to modern science. For example,
in Southeast Asia, some tribes have discovered the medicinal
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
properties of over sixty-five hundred plant species. This has led
to many of landmark achievements in medicine.
It was once believed that the limits of one's language
defined the limits of one's thought. This theory, called the
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis (假说), has been largely rejected in
favour of the improved version, which assumes that the
language we speak does not set the limits of our thoughts, but
it does direct our focus in certain ways. For example, English is
a tense-based language. It's nearly impossible to talk about
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
doing something without specifying the time—i.e. I went to the
party (past), I'm going to the party (present), or I'll go to the
party (future). This differs from Chinese, where it's perfectly
reasonable to say, “I go to the party” without defining the
“when”. Thus, part of the richness of language is that it allows
us to organize the world in so many unique ways.
Some languages categorize the world in ways so different
from our own that they are difficult to conceptualize (概念化).
The United States employed native Navajo speakers to create a
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
system of message coding during the Second World War. The
Japanese were never able to break it, and the “code talkers” are
often cited today as having helped decide the outcome of the
war.
As we've already seen, minority languages are valuable for
many practical reasons. In conclusion, I'd say the short answer is
yes—dying languages are certainly worth saving!
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
【文章大意】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地球上的许多语言
正在消失，认为小语种以及一些濒危的语言有价值被看作是感情用事，
但实际上濒危的语言在历史上以及现在给社会带来了许多好处。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
( )1.What do people tend to think of minority languages
A.Valueless. B.Time-honoured.
C.Informal. D.Stable.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“It's commonly thought that
majority languages tend to be valued for being useful and for
promoting progress, while minority languages are seen as
barriers to progress, and the value placed on them is seen
mainly as sentimental (感情用事的).”可知，小语种被视为进步的障
碍，是没有价值的，故选A。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
( )2.How can we benefit from endangered languages
according to the author
A.We can discover drugs in a much safer way.
B.We don't have to rely on modern medicine.
C.We can acquire a broad knowledge of nature.
D.We can learn how to protect plants and animals.
√
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
[解析] 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“For example, in Southeast
Asia, some tribes have discovered the medicinal properties of
over sixty-five hundred plant species. This has led to many of
landmark achievements in medicine.”可知，一些濒危的语言可以帮
助人们在特定的领域拓宽知识，故我们可以通过濒危的语言来拓宽
自然知识，故选C。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
( )3.Why does the author mention the Second World War
A.To correct the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.
B.To prove the value of minority languages.
C.To show wars' role in preserving a language.
D.To explain ways to conserve some languages.
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
[解析] 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Some languages categorize
the world in ways so different from our own that they are
difficult to conceptualize (概念化). The United States employed
native Navajo speakers to create a system of message coding
during the Second World War. The Japanese were never able to
break it, and the ‘code talkers’ are often cited today as having
helped decide the outcome of the war.”可知，文章提到二战是为
了证明纳瓦霍语在二战中起到的关键性的作用，它使得日本人无法
破解，从而带来了战争的胜利，故这是为了证明一些小语种的价值，
故选B。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
( )4.What would be a suitable title for the text
A.Are majority languages worth valuing
B.Are we willing to save dying languages
C.Should endangered languages be saved
D.Is the future of minority languages bright
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
[解析] 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“It's commonly thought that
majority languages tend to be valued for being useful and for
promoting progress, while minority languages are seen as
barriers to progress, and the value placed on them is seen
mainly as sentimental (感情用事的). But is sentimentality really
the only motivation for preserving language diversity ”以及文章
介绍了濒危的语言在历史上以及现在给社会带来的好处可知，C项
“濒危语言应该被保存下来吗？”适合作为文章的标题，故选C。
1
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3
4
5
6
7
8
B[2024·河北高三二模]
文体：说明文 主题：人与社会 词数：335
For the past decade, one of the most linguistically
(语言学地) diverse places in the world, square mile after square
mile, has been my home: Queens, New York.
The soundtrack outside my door is extraordinary: on any
given block, passing voices speak varieties of Polish, Ukrainian,
Egyptian Arabic, Mexican Spanish, Puerto Rican Spanish,
Dominican Spanish, and all the forms of New York City English
they give rise to.
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
As a person who studies languages, I can usually distinguish
them from one another, but understand only a part of what
people are saying.
Users of Seke, a language from five villages in Nepal with
700 speakers, live a subway ride away. In certain stores,
Albanians, Bosnians, Serbs, and Montenegrins all reunite, using
the languages of the former Yugoslavia as if the country still
existed. No group has a majority, or even 15 percent of the
neighbourhood, and most are at just 5 or 10 percent.
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
English acts, for the most part, as a vital lingua franca (通用语).
This last point is crucial, because a city can be a haven (避难所)
for diversity but also an end point.
My neighbourhood has its signature sound, but there are
several dozen others that are just as diverse, each in a different
way.
These are the places where the Endangered Language
Alliance, the non-profit organization I codirect, has recorded
New Yorkers speaking more than 100 languages that the survey
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
and other data sets say don't officially exist, and more than 700
in total.
That linguistic portrait makes clear that early-21st-century
New York City is a last haven for endangered languages—ones
that are being hounded out of existence elsewhere. And this
deep linguistic diversity is among the least explored but possibly
most important factors in New York's history and make-up. New
York's soul can be found in the existence of these many, many
languages, explaining New York's particular capacity for tolerance
and its ability to “make room” for others.
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者所在的纽约
皇后区的语言多样性。英语在这里主要作为通用语。作者还提到，
他所领导的非营利组织记录了纽约人使用的100多种未被官方认可的
语言，这表明21世纪初的纽约市是濒危语言的最后避难所。这种深
厚的语言多样性是纽约的历史和构成中最少被探索但可能是最重要
的因素之一，也展现了纽约包容和接纳他人的特殊能力。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
( )5.What is the author's occupation
A.An economist. B.A historian.
C.A linguist. D.A reporter.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第三段“As a person who studies
languages, I can usually distinguish them from one another, but
understand only a part of what people are saying.”可推知，作者
最有可能是语言学家。故选C。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
( )6.What can be inferred about the languages in New York
City
A.They are close to disappearing.
B.They are mainly spoken by villagers.
C.English is the most popular language.
D.Many of them are not officially recognized.
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第六段“These are the places where the
Endangered Language Alliance, the non-profit organization I co-
direct, has recorded New Yorkers speaking more than 100
languages that the survey and other data sets say don't officially
exist, and more than 700 in total.”可知，在纽约市有很多语言并
没有被官方认可。故选D。
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
( )7.What does the underlined word “hounded” in the last
paragraph probably mean
A.Protected. B.Threatened. C.Respected. D.Accepted.
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“…early-21st-century New
York City is a last haven for endangered languages…”可知，21世
纪初的纽约市是濒危语言的最后避难所，说明这些濒危语言在其他
地方正被驱逐出存在的空间，也就是受到威胁的意思。故选B。
√
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
( )8.From which book might the text have been taken
A.Language City.
B.The Development of Languages.
C.Endangered Languages in New York.
D.The Importance of Language Diversity.
√
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第一段“For the past decade, one of the
most linguistically (语言学地) diverse places in the world, square
mile after square mile, has been my home: Queens, New York.”
并结合全文可知，文章主要介绍了作者所在的纽约皇后区的语言多
样性，指出21世纪初的纽约市是濒危语言的最后避难所。故文章最
可能来自书籍《语言城市》。故选A。
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3
4
5
6
7
8
Ⅱ 语法填空［2024·安徽滁州高三二模］
文体：说明文 主题：人与社会 词数：209
Language is naturally acquired when children are able to
use it pleasurably, and language acquisition by children
1.___________(them) saves both time and labour, said English-
language education expert Chen Yaping.
Based 2.____ observation and study, the professor at the
School of English and International Studies at Beijing Foreign
Studies University and director of its Child Language Research
themselves
on
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3
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5
6
7
8
9
10
Centre, said Chinese children 3.___________(common) lack access
to genuine English dialogues for learning and using 4.____
language.
Chen 5.___________(suggest) that children make use of
dialogues that meet actual daily needs and read
6.________(grade) materials or picture books that match their
cognitive (认知) level and interest and are of practical use.
She said that reading is a short cut to learning English in a
foreign language environment, as quality reading materials
commonly
the
suggested
graded
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3
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5
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10
introduce children to genuine dialogue they can reproduce in
real-life 7._____________(conversation).
“Children read because they love to read, not because they
are told that reading is important for learning English. We
should allow them 8.________(give) up reading a book halfway
through and pick up another one 9._____ they are more
interested in,” said Chen.
She added that relieving anxiety, making children feel safe,
and allowing them to experience a sense of
10._____________(achieve) are vital to learning English.
conversations
to give
that
achievement
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3
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5
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7
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9
10
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英语教育专家陈
亚平提出的儿童英语学习方法，强调了让孩子们享受学习英语的过
程，并提出了利用符合实际需要和具有实用性的对话和阅读材料来
促进英语学习的方法。同时，她还强调了缓解焦虑、让孩子们感到
安全和获得成就感对于英语学习的重要性。
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1.___________
themselves
[解析] 考查代词。此处表示“孩子们自己”，故使用反身代词。故填
themselves。
2.____
on
[解析] 考查介词。句中based on为固定短语，意为“以……为基础”。
故填on。
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3.___________
commonly
[解析] 考查副词。设空处使用common的副词形式作状语，修饰动
词lack。故填commonly。
4.____
the
[解析] 考查冠词。句中language为可数名词，此处表示特指，设空
处使用定冠词。故填the。
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5.___________
suggested
[解析] 考查动词时态。设空处使用动词作谓语，根据后文的she
said以及句意可知，句子表述过去的事实，故使用一般过去时。故填
suggested。
6.________
graded
[解析] 考查形容词。设空处使用grade的形容词形式graded作定语，
意为“分等级的”，修饰名词materials。故填graded。
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7._____________
conversations
[解析] 考查名词复数。设空处使用名词作宾语，此处conversation为
可数名词，表示复数意义。故填conversations。
8.________
to give
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。句中allow sb to do sth为固定短语，意为
“允许某人做某事”，故使用不定式结构。故填to give。
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9._____
that
[解析] 考查定语从句。设空处引导的是定语从句，引导词在从句中
作宾语，先行词为one。先行词one被不定代词another修饰，引导词
用that。故填that。
10._____________
achievement
[解析] 考查名词。设空处使用achieve的名词形式achievement作宾
语，其为不可数名词。故填achievement。
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Ⅲ 完形填空［2024·广东高三三模］
文体：新闻报道 主题：人与社会 词数：238
Tobias, a 35-year-old Belgian musician, has become popular
on social media for his excellent grasp of the Shanghai dialect.
He has been sharing his everyday experiences, which he . .1. . in
Shanghai dialect, on video-sharing and lifestyle . .2. . Douyin and
Xiaohongshu, winning thousands of followers and millions of . .3. ..
In the videos, he speaks . .4. . Shanghai dialect, which many
non-locals believe is as difficult to learn and . .5. . as a foreign
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language. He talks about walking on the city's streets, enjoying
the food and music, and . .6. . his daily life in the city. Tobias
started shooting and . .7. . these short videos for his own practice
purposes. He didn't expect so many people would be watching
them, following him and sending him . .8. . and encouragement.
Tobias did not bury his nose in books or . .9. . intensive
study to learn Shanghainese. He said his learning . .10. . involved
getting immersed in a language environment, having a positive
attitude, and speaking . .11. . “without being afraid to make
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mistakes”. He was not thinking too much when he started
learning the Shanghai dialect—it was just for . .12. ..
Tobias said he did not expect he would . .13. . the
promotion of the Shanghai dialect, but it would be an . .14. . and
pleasure if his posts encouraged his followers to learn and pass
on the dialect. “I believe a dialect is the heart of a local . .15. .,”
said the musician.
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【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。短文介绍了35岁的比利时音乐
家Tobias因精通上海话而在社交媒体上走红。
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( )1.A.acts B.delivers C.competes D.votes
[解析] 根据下文on video-sharing and lifestyle…Douyin and
Xiaohongshu可知，他在视频分享和生活方式平台上用上海话发布自
己的日常经历。故选B项。act行动，做事；deliver发表，发布；
compete竞争；vote投票。
√
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( )2.A.approaches B.habits
C.platforms D.communities
[解析] 根据下文Douyin and Xiaohongshu以及常识可知，抖音和小
红书是两个平台。故选C项。approach方法；habit习惯；platform平
台；community社区。
√
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( )3.A.likes B.dollars C.medals D.chances
[解析] 根据上文“Tobias, a 35-year-old Belgian musician, has
become popular on social media for his excellent grasp of the
Shanghai dialect.”可知，Tobias的视频非常受欢迎，赢得许多支持者
以及点赞。故选A项。like喜欢,点赞；dollar美元；medal奖牌；
chance机会。
( )4.A.ancient B.sweet C.modern D.fluent
[解析] 根据上文his excellent grasp of the Shanghai dialect可知，
他说着一口流利的上海话。故选D项。ancient古代的；sweet甜蜜的；
modern现代的；fluent流利的。
√
√
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( )5.A.understand B.write C.create D.practise
[解析] 根据上文difficult to learn可知，上海话和外语一样难以学习
和理解。故选A项。understand理解；write写；create创造；practise
练习。
( )6.A.advancing B.searching C.recording D.observing
[解析] 根据上文“He has been sharing his everyday experiences…”
以及下文his daily life in the city可知，他记录并分享他在这个城市
的日常生活。故选C项。advance进步；search搜寻；record记录；
observe观察。
√
√
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( )7.A.testing B.reviewing C.selling D.posting
[解析] 根据上文“…which he…in Shanghai dialect, on video-
sharing…”可知，此处指拍摄和发布这些短视频。故选D项。test测试；
review复查；sell卖；post邮寄，发布。
( )8.A.notes B.comments C.reports D.replies
[解析] 根据上文“…winning thousands of followers and millions
of…”以及下文encouragement可知，许多支持者在平台给他评论，给
予鼓励。故选B项。note便条，笔记；comment评论；report报道；
reply回复。
√
√
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( )9.A.interrupt B.assess C.conduct D.appreciate
[解析] 根据下文intensive study可知，他对学习上海话没有进行细致
的研究。故选C项。interrupt打断；assess评估；conduct实施，进行；
appreciate感激。
( )10.A.materials B.methods C.objectives D.resources
[解析] 根据下文getting immersed in a language environment可知，
此处阐述他学上海话的方法，他的学习方法包括沉浸在语言环境中。
故选B项。material材料；method方法；objective目的，目标；
resource资源。
√
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( )11.A.secretly B.slowly C.happily D.bravely
[解析] 根据上文having a positive attitude以及空后without being
afraid to make mistakes可知，Tobias勇敢地去说上海话，不怕犯错。
故选D项。secretly秘密地；slowly慢慢地；happily快乐地；bravely勇
敢地。
( )12.A.fun B.work C.fame D.show
[解析] 根据上文“He was not thinking too much…”可知，他一开始
学习上海话时并没有想太多，只是为了好玩。故选A项。fun乐趣，
快乐；work工作；fame名声；show展览。
√
√
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( )13.A.stick to B.contribute to
C.focus on D.rely on
[解析] 根据上文“Tobias, a 35-year-old Belgian musician, has
become popular on social media for his excellent grasp of the
Shanghai dialect.”以及下文“…the promotion of the Shanghai
dialect, but it would be an…and pleasure if his posts
encouraged his followers to learn and pass on the dialect.”可知，
他没有想到自己会为上海话的推广做出贡献。故选B项。stick to坚
持；contribute to促进，为……做贡献；focus on集中；rely on依靠。
√
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( )14.A.advantage B.opportunity C.honour D.option
[解析] 根据下文pleasure以及“…if his posts encouraged his
followers to learn and pass on the dialect.”可知，Tobias认为自己
发布的视频如果能够鼓励支持者学习和传承上海话，那对他来说将
是一种荣幸和快乐。故选C项。advantage优势；opportunity机会；
honour荣誉，荣幸；option选择。
( )15.A.authority B.history C.custom D.culture
[解析] 根据常识可知，方言是文化的一部分。故选D项。authority专
家，权威人士；history历史；custom习俗；culture文化。
√
√
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A.词汇积累
1.medicinal property药性
2.tense-based adj.以时态为基础的
3.categorize v.将……分类；把……加以归类
4.soundtrack n.声带；声道；声迹
5.give rise to产生；导致
6.co-direct v.共同负责
7.acquisition n.获得
8.short cut n.捷径
9.bury one's nose in books埋头读书
B.熟词生义
signature adj.标志性的；独特的 n.签名
My neighbourhood has its signature sound, but there are
several dozen others that are just as diverse, each in a different
way.(阅读B, Para.5)
【译文】我所在的社区有自己独特的声音，但还有几十个其他的社
区也同样存在多样化的声音，每种都各具特色。
C.长难句分析
This theory, called the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis (假说), has
been largely rejected in favour of the improved version, which
assumes that the language we speak does not set the limits of
our thoughts, but it does direct our focus in certain ways.
(阅读A, Para.4)
【分析】句子的主干为this theory has been largely rejected;
called the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis是过去分词短语作后置定语，修
饰名词theory；which引导定语从句，修饰先行词version；that 引导
宾语从句，作assumes的宾语；we speak为省略了关系代词
which/that 的定语从句，修饰先行词language。
【译文】这个被称为Sapir-Whorf假说的理论在很大程度上遭到了否
定，取而代之的是一个改进的版本，它认为我们所说的语言并没有
为我们的思想设定界限，但它确实以某些方式引导着我们的注意力。
快速核答案
高中英语 必修第一册
Unit 2 Exploring English
听课手册
●语境词汇串记
1.confusing 2.why 3.but 4.contains 5.types 6.to learn
7.unfamiliar 8.Actually 9.of/about 10.is based
●考点互动探究
单词点睛
1.（1）reflection （2）①reflect on/upon ②reflecting the
golden rays of the sun
2.（1）unfamiliar （2）①familiar with the history and
traditions of our city ②is/was familiar to ③to familiarize
yourself with
3.（1）to tolerate （2）①It is likely/possible/probable that
②It seemed unlikely that
4.（1）①to close ②reminder （2）①remind us of/about
the beauty and goodness ②reminds us that the journey of
acquiring knowledge is never-ending
5.（1）①intended ②to provide ③had intended
（2）①with the intention of ②（that/which are）intended for
international students
6.（1）①recognised ②as/to be ③recognition （2）It is
widely/generally recognised that,is widely/generally
recognised as/to be
7.（1）①basic ②Basically ③Based ④is based
（2）①based on their language abilities
②took exercise on a regular basis
8.（1）①of ②awareness （2）①to raise our awareness of
protecting the ocean ②Fully aware that you are keen
on/enthusiastic about
短语储存
1.（1）getting （2）①上发条 ②结束 ③最终落得
（3） ① winds its way ②the winding country road
2.（1）①come up with ②came about ③come out ④come
across ⑤came up （2）When it comes to our future
choices
3.①my heart was in my mouth ②I had butterflies in my
stomach ③had a frog in my throat ④like a cat on hot
bricks
句型透视
1.（1）①am ②but （2）Not only do we learn from our
successes
2.①to get your blood flowing ②to get everyone involved
in ③to get Bruce to drive back to
●当堂过关检测
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.awareness 2.addition 3.confusing 4.reminder 5.reflection
6.organization 7.intention 8.Based 9.informal 10.creativity
11.behavio（u）r 12.recognition 13.to experience
14.alarmed 15.contacting
Ⅱ 短语填空
1.go off 2.wind up 3.（was） burned down/up 4.had a
frog in her throat 5.Speaking of/Talking of 6.come
across 7.be aware of 8.unfamiliar with
Ⅲ 句型训练
1.That was why 2.got me thinking 3.neither surprised nor
worried
4.Not only are there countless places of interest in China
●语言素养提升
Ⅰ 动词变形练
1.banning 2.bore 3.beat 4.was beaten 5.became 6.began
Ⅱ 构词法规则
1.不赞成，反对 2.泄气的，心灰意冷的 3.不信任 4.不服从,违
抗 5.不合格,失去资格
Ⅲ 熟词生义练
1.①影响；深深打动 ②（疾病）侵袭
2.①反对 ②与……相反,迎着 ③碰;撞 ④靠着 ⑤以……为背景;
衬托 3.①变老 ②时代 4.①神态;感觉 ②播出，播送 ③通风
5.①食欲,胃口 ②强烈欲望 6.①运用，应用 ②涂,敷 ③专注于
●写作素养提升
Part Ⅰ 应用文写作
1.to express my concerns about
2.I appreciate the opportunity/chance of practising English
3.is likely to result in failure in oral English improvement
4.based on our personalities and English abilities
5.can we create an interactive environment for our oral practice
6.if you could take my proposal into account/consideration
Part Ⅱ 读后续写
2.情感细节描写——焦虑、担忧与紧张
【跟踪演练】
Ⅰ.1.wait for rescue anxiously 2.with anxiety
3.Her anxiety grew with each passing day
4.grew increasingly/more and more worried
5.A wave/flood of tension 6.With butterflies in his stomach
7.hide her nervousness
Ⅱ.1.had been concerned/worried/uneasy about the test
2.a surge/wave/flood of anxiety 3.her heart pounded/beat/raced
wildly 4.tried to hide her nervousness
5.her hands were shaking uncontrollably
6.went blank 7.was sitting/being on pins and needles
8.held her breath 9.was worried/concerned/uneasy about
10.made her even more anxious
作业手册
Ⅰ 阅读理解
1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.C 6.D 7.B 8.A
Ⅱ 语法填空
1.themselves 2.on 3.commonly 4.the 5.suggested
6.graded 7.conversations 8.to give 9.that 10.achievement
Ⅲ 完形填空
1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.A 6.C 7.D 8.B 9.C 10.B 11.D
12.A 13.B 14.C 15.D
