Unit 3 Family matters
● 语境词汇串记
1.professional 2.watched 3.for 4.memory 5.regularly
6.to settle 7.approached 8.Hearing 9.an 10.and
● 考点互动探究
单词点睛
(1)learning (2)①方法 ②着手处理 ③接洽
(3)①Upon/On approaching the house ②with the College Entrance Examination approaching/drawing near/around the corner; as the College Entrance Examination is approaching/drawing near/around the corner
(1)①on/upon ②focused (2)①focus on what the teachers say
②with all the eyes focused on her
(1)①for ②respectful ③respectable
(2)①had/showed respect for/to nature and its creatures
②more details in respect of/with respect to this event
③give/send my respects to your parents
(1)①to help ②to give ③aimless
(2)①is aimed at helping and protecting her child
②With the aim of helping; Aiming to help/Aiming at helping
(1)①observation ②to leave (2)①遵守 ②庆祝
(3)observed the sun rise/rising from
①ranging from poems to paintings
②a wide/broad range of courses
(1)apology (2)apologised to their teacher for; made an apology to their teacher for
(1)settlement (2)①v.定居 ②v.解决 ③v.平静下来
(3)①settled her on the sofa ② settle (down) to doing the task
短语储存
①jumped (up) in/with excitement ②jumped (up) with/for joy ③jumped at the chance ④jump in with both feet
⑤jumped to his feet
①leave out some unnecessary words ②leave for our destination
③I was left behind ④Left alone at home
⑤leave aside our differences
句型透视
①we would/could/might help him to earn money
②I hadn’t come ③were there
(1)①dressed ②Using
(2)①based on their interests, learning goals or language abilities
②Faced with/Facing challenges
● 当堂过关检测
Ⅰ.1.strength 2.apologise 3.to promote 4.gathering
5.Obviously 6.admiration; powerful 7.national
8.professional 9.talented 10.memorable 11.responsible
12.qualified 13.judgement 14.Seated
Ⅱ.1.a wide/broad range of 2.focusing on 3.in the lead
4.make up for 5.settle for 6.jump in with both feet
7.leave behind 8.calmed down
Ⅲ.1.How I wish I could participate in
2.with 100 metres to go 3.Defeated again
4.Despite the bad weather
● 语言素养提升
Ⅰ.1.begun 2.beginning 3.bent 4.bet 5.bit
6.was bitten 7.blew
Ⅱ.1.不完美的 2.不合适地 3.不能,无力 4.微不足道的
5.不相关的,无关紧要的
Ⅲ.1.①平均,平均数 ②普通的,一般的
2.①使后退,使倒退 ②支持
3.①严重地 ②非常,很
4.膨胀,激增
5.①容忍 ②携带 ③生(孩子) ④承担,负担
● 写作素养提升
Part Ⅰ 应用文写作
1.I respect most
2.Though born and brought up in a small village
3.an influential and successful lawyer
4.earning wide respect in her field
5.Her sense of responsibility and power to make a difference
6.Despite being very busy
7.Whenever I come across problems in my study and life
8.who deserves my heartfelt respect and deep love
Part Ⅱ 读后续写
3.情感细节描写——恐惧与惊恐
【跟踪演练】
Ⅰ.1.was seized by a strong sense of horror 2.Frozen with fear; too scared to move 3.had my heart in my mouth
4.made my hair stand on end 5.trembled all over
6.panicked/was seized by panic; in fright/fear/terror/panic
Ⅱ.1.had my heart in my mouth 2.frozen with fear
3.went blank 4.in fright/fear/terror/panic 5.a chilling wave of fear 6.trembled all over 7.cold sweat pouring down my body 8.collapsed to the groundUnit 3 Family matters
●ⅠA
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了作者参与HereAfter AI项目,通过AI技术与虚拟的父母进行交流的经历和感受。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中“At first, I thought it would be just a fun project to see what was technologically possible.”可知,作者加入这个项目的主要目的是测试新技术可能是什么样子。故选B。
2.C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“My parents were asked questions by a technician for hours—about everything from their earliest memories to what they believe will happen after they die. Whether through illness-generated concerns or a willingness to humour their daughter, my parents put up zero resistance. The company then took their responses and started to create the voice assistants.”可知,作者的父母为项目提供了数据。故选C。
3.A 词义猜测题。根据第四段中“I hadn’t seen my actual, real parents for six months. They told me personal stories I’d never heard. They gave me life advice and told me things about their childhoods, as well as my own.”可知,作者的虚拟父母向她讲述了她以前从没听过的个人故事,这令人着迷。所以画线词与fascinating“令人着迷的”意思相同。故选A。
4.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But I feel lucky to have had the chance to grasp that—and to still have the precious opportunity to spend more time with them and learn more about them, face to face, no technology involved.”可知,作者意识到了与父母的真实的联系是最重要的。故选B。
B
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了有祖父母陪伴的孩子在情感和行为方面的问题更少,和他人相处更容易。
5.A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“…who have tight-knit relationships with their grandparents tend to have fewer problems, both emotionally and when it comes to their behaviour. Besides, children also have less difficulty when interacting and maintaining relationships with others.”可知,根据Buchanan的研究,孩子花时间和祖父母在一起会提高社交能力。故选A项。
6.D 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“This is because grandparents are generally not responsible for disciplining or raising the child, and they’re able to love the child a little more freely and unconditionally than a parent, Agresta explained.”可推知,Agresta认为祖父母对孙子(女)不会过分挑剔。故选D项。
7.B 段落大意题。根据文章最后一段“‘Grandparents are a wealth of knowledge and information, and not only can they pass on valuable skills from real-life experience, but they can also share the past with their grandchildren,’ added Agresta. ‘They can serve as historians, sharing various traditions and stories about when their own children were growing up, which creates a sense of continuity for a child.’”可知,作者在最后一段讲述了祖父母在孙子孙女的生活中扮演的角色。故选B项。
8.C 推理判断题。根据文章第二段对Ann Buchanan研究的介绍以及第三、四、五段对Kimberly Agresta的研究的介绍可知,文章是通过介绍两个研究的发现来组织全文的。故选C项。
C
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要讲的是父母对孩子的数学学习做出的不同反应,会对孩子产生不同的作用;用与个人特征或天生能力相关的反应来鼓励孩子,可能会削弱他们的数学动机和成绩。
9.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中“In contrast, parents who link their children’s actions, such as efforts or strategy use, to their performance are using process responses.”可知,将孩子的行为与他们的表现联系起来的父母使用的是过程反应,分析四个选项可知,只有C项“What works well for your study ”(什么对你的学习有效 )将孩子的行为与表现联系起来,属于过程反应,故选C。
10.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“While responses highlighting strategy and efforts are not related to any achievement outcomes, children who receive more responses about their personal characteristics—in particular, related to failure—are more likely to avoid harder maths problems, exhibit higher levels of maths anxiety, and score lower on maths achievement tests.”可推理出,父母对孩子采用人格反馈,会阻碍孩子学习数学,故选D。
11.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Because person responses predict poor maths adjustment in children over time, researchers suggest parents limit this type of responses at home.”可知,专家建议父母限制使用人格反馈,故选A。
12.B 主旨大意题。通读整篇文章,尤其是根据第一段中“Recently, a new study, conducted by the University of Georgia, found that encouraging children with responses related to their personal characteristics or inborn abilities might weaken their maths motivation and achievement over time.”可知,文章主要内容是说父母对孩子的数学学习做出的不同反应,会对孩子产生不同的作用;用与个人特征或天生能力相关的反应来鼓励孩子,可能会削弱他们的数学动机和成绩。所以B项“The way parents talk to children on maths matters”(父母与孩子谈论数学问题的方式很重要)可作为本文的题目,故选B。
●ⅡOne possible version:
English literature reading class opens a new world
I’m excited to share my experience of the weekly English literature reading class.
Starting this semester, the class is designed specifically for us to enhance our English proficiency. Each week this class unfolds with a new literary masterpiece ranging from classic novels to contemporary poetry. Through interactive discussions, group readings, and insightful analyses, we are able to explore the depths of literature.
Not only does reading literature give me great enjoyment, but I’ve honed my critical thinking skills. Moreover, the class has sparked a newfound passion for literature within me, igniting my desire to explore further in the vast world of English letters. It has undoubtedly been a highlight of this academic semester. I live in a typical Chinese family. My mother works as a lawyer, who fights for justice in the court in her entire life. She likes jogging, which keeps her slim in her fifties. My father is a man of strength. He has a square jaw and a beard. As a 1. (profession) athlete, he has won many medals and honours in a range of events throughout his career. The local media has even made a feature on his achievements, 2. (watch) by millions. He is the person I admire the most. As for me, I have just graduated from senior high. I assume that I have a talent 3. music and dream of setting up my own studio.
In my 4. (memorize), my family have never been in conflict. We observe important days together and apologise for our own faults. We 5. (regular) have an open chat at the weekend, which aims 6. (settle) the important issues in life. Despite the generation gap, each individual of us shows respect for each other and never ignores others’ advice.
Yesterday evening, I 7. (approach) my parents and discussed my future career with them. 8. (hear) I wanted to give up university and focus on my band, my father looked astonished. Obviously he did not agree. However, he did not judge me. Instead, he stressed that university education had 9. enormous impact on one’s life. My mother suggested that I should go to university 10. play music at the same time. Indeed, with an extra option, I can be more powerful and even in the lead on the track of music. I am proud to have such responsible parents.
approach v.接近;靠近;着手处理,对付;接洽,要求 n.接近;方法;路径;道路
(1)with sth approaching=with the approach of sth=with sth drawing near/around the corner
随着某事物的来临
(2)at the approach of 在……快到的时候
(3)an approach to (doing) sth
(做)某事的方法(to为介词)
[温馨提示] “做某事的方法”的常见表达还有:
(1)the way to do/of doing sth
(2)the means of doing sth
(3)the method of doing sth
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
[译林选二U4] By delivering the content in a meaningful way, this new approach to (learn) manages to engage students’ interest and enhance learning efficiency.
(2)熟词生义
①[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷] Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time.
②[2021·天津卷] Human qualities also involve how you think, how you approach problems, and how you break them down.
③[2019·北京卷] She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning.
(3)完成句子/一句多译
①[2021·浙江6月考读后续写] (一走近房子), I noticed my dad and mum standing beside the old truck and looking sad. (介词短语) (读后续写之动作+情感描写)
②[2020·浙江7月考应用文写作] 此外,随着高考的来临,我们正在为此做充分的准备。
→What’s more, , we are making full preparations for it. (with复合结构)
→What’s more, , we are making full preparations for it. (as引导时间状语从句)
focus v.(把……)集中(于);聚焦(于) n.焦点;中心点
(1)focus (one’s attention/efforts, etc.) on/upon…
集中(某人的注意力/努力等)于……
(2)the focus of attention/concern
关注的焦点
(3)focused adj.
注意力集中的,目标明确的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2023·浙江1月考] Explorers Camp organizes engaging arts, history and science-related activities in every class, and focuses a range of topics that emphasize active learning, exploration and, most of all, fun!
②[2024·全国甲卷] “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying (focus) and very concerned,” says Ducke.
(2)完成句子
①[2021·全国乙卷书面表达] To be a smart online learner, I suggest we communicate with the teachers whenever necessary and (关注老师所说的内容).
②When Lisa stood before the audience, she felt very uneasy (所有的目光都集中在她的身上). (with复合结构) (读后续写之心理+动作描写)
respect v.尊敬,敬重 n.尊敬,敬意;重视;方面
(1)respect sb for sth 因某事而尊重某人
(2)show/have respect for/to… 对……尊重
give/send one’s respects to… 向……表示某人的敬意
in…respect(s) 在……方面
in respect of=with respect to 关于,就……而言
(3)respectful adj. 有礼貌的;恭敬的
respectable adj. 体面的;值得尊敬的
respective adj. 分别的,各自的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①I respect my teacher her passion for teaching and dedication to her students.
②“We’re so pleased to meet you at last,” he said in a (respect) tone of voice.
③It’s the inner beauty rather than our appearance that makes us (respect).
(2)完成句子
①By the end of the trip, we (对大自然及其生物表示尊重), and was grateful for the opportunity to experience such an educational and eye-opening journey. (应用文写作之活动感想)
②Thank you for inviting us to participate in the upcoming International High School Music Festival and I am writing to ask for (关于这个活动的更多细节). (应用文写作之咨询信)
③Please when you see them.
当你见到你父母时,请代我向他们表示我的敬意。
aim v.力求达到;瞄准 n.目标;目的
(1)aim at/for sth力求达到(目标);瞄准
aim sth at sb/sth 用某物瞄准某人或某物
be aimed at (doing)…
目的是(做)……;旨在(做)……
aim to do sth/aim at doing sth
力争/旨在做某事
(2)take aim at… 瞄准……;对准……
with the aim of… 以……为目标, 目的是……
(3)aimless adj. 无目的的
(4)aimlessly adv. 无目的地
[温馨提示] ①aim at的主语主要是人、团体、机构等,而be aimed at的主语一般是活动、措施等事物;
②名词aim作主语时,常用动词不定式形式作表语。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2024·全国甲卷] That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims (help) you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing.
②The aim of this programme is (give) graduates a solid understanding of the basic principles of advertising and marketing.
③After several hours of (aim) search, they finally gave up.
(2)完成句子/一句多译
①[《小妇人》] Every word, every silence, everything a mother does (旨在帮助和保护她的孩子).
②为了帮助我们学生释放学习压力,我们学校决定在本周六组织一次徒步旅行。(应用文写作之通知/
告知信)
→ us students release the pressure of study, our school has decided to organize a hike this Saturday. (介词短语)
→ us students release the pressure of study, our school has decided to organize a hike this Saturday. (分词作状语)
observe v.看到,观察到,注意到;遵守(法律、习俗);庆祝(节日等)
(1)observe sb do sth 观察到某人做了某事(强调动作的过程)
observe sb doing sth 观察到某人正在做某事(强调动作正在进行)
(2)observation n. 观察;观测
[温馨提示] observe作“注意到;观察到”讲时,在主动语态中,observe接宾语后跟不定式作补语时,要省去不定式符号to,但变为被动语态时,to不能省去。类似用法的词还有:see, hear, notice, make, have, watch等。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[人教必修一U2] A traveller without (observe) is a bird without wings.
②Last night Bruce was observed (leave) the building with two young men and take a taxi away.
(2)熟词生义
①[译林必修二U3] According to tradition, we should celebrate the festival by going mountain climbing, but how many people today still observe this tradition
②Chinese people observe the Spring Festival in the similar way that Western people observe Christmas Day.
(3)完成句子
On the top of Mount Tai, we excitedly (观看太阳从……升起) the sea of clouds. (应用文写作之活动报道)
range n.一系列;(变化等的)幅度,范围;山脉 v.(在一定范围内)变化,变动
(1)a wide/broad range of 广泛的,各种各样的
in/within range 在可及的范围以内
beyond/out of range 超出范围;在范围以外
(2)range from…to… 在……到……之间变
动;包括从……到……
之间的各类事物
range between…and… 在……到……之间变动
【活学活用】
完成句子
①Any kinds of works are welcome, (从诗到绘画). (应用文写作之通知/告知信)
②Knowing that Oxford University offers (各种各样的课程), I wonder if you could offer some guidance on how to choose the suitable ones. (应用文写作之求助信)
apologise vi.道歉;谢罪
(1)apologise to sb for (doing) sth
因为(做)某事向某人道歉
(2)apology n. 道歉;致歉
make an apology to sb for (doing) sth
因为(做)某事向某人道歉
accept/refuse an/one’s apology
接受/拒绝道歉/某人的道歉
owe sb an apology 应向某人道歉
(3)apologetic adj. 道歉的;愧疚的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
He’s demanding a full (apologise) from the newspaper for not telling people the truth about his personal life.
(2)一句多译
感到既羞愧又后悔,他们因自己的所作所为真诚地向他们的老师道歉。(读后续写之情感描写)
→Ashamed and regretful, they sincerely what they had done. (apologise)
→Ashamed and regretful, they sincerely what they had done. (apology)
settle vi. & vt.定居;结束;解决;决定;使处于舒适的位置;(使)平静下来;降落;停留
(1)settle down (使)舒服地坐下;定居;平静下来
settle (down) to (doing) sth
开始认真对待某事;定下心来做某事
settle in/into 习惯于(新居);适应(新工作、新学校等)
(2)settlement n. 定居点;协议,和解;移民
(3)settler n. 移民;殖民者
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The management and unions have reached a (settle) over new working conditions.
(2)一词多义
①[2024·新课标Ⅱ卷] I liked travelling in France, but when it came to picking my favourite spot to settle, Italy was the clear winner.
②[2022·全国甲卷] The disagreement was so sharp that neither he nor I knew how to settle it.
③After a long day at work, she took a few deep breaths to settle her mind and relax before dinner.
(3)完成句子
①I and put a blanket over her.
我把她放在沙发上安顿好,给她盖了一条毯子。(读后续写之动作描写)
②After the initial excitement, she finally could at hand.
最初的兴奋过后,她终于可以定下心来做手头的任务。
jump in with both feet 不假思索地匆匆加入;全心全意地投入
jump in 匆忙行动,不假思索地做;打断,插嘴
jump at sth 欣然接受(机会、建议等)
jump (up) with/for joy 高兴地跳起来
jump (up) with/in excitement
兴奋地跳起来
jump the queue 插队,加塞儿
jump to one’s feet 跳起来,一跃而起
jump to conclusions/to the conclusion that…
匆忙下结论;贸然断定
【活学活用】
完成句子
①[2024·北京卷] My friends all (兴奋地跳起来) and asked me, “Will you be going, Amy ” (读后续写之动作+情感
描写)
②At the sight of the pleasant surprise, Rachel (高兴地跳起来) and screamed with excitement. (读后续写之动作+情感描写)
③[2023·北京卷] I (欣然接受了这个机会), and a few weeks later I was equally shocked—and overjoyed—when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab.
④If you want to learn English well, you have to (全身心投入).
⑤He (跳起来) and rushed towards the burning car. (读后续写之动作描写)
leave sb/sth behind 把……抛在后面,超过;永久离开;忘记带走, 留下
leave…alone 不打扰,不惊动;不碰
leave aside 搁置,不考虑
leave out 省去,遗漏,不包括
leave for 出发去,前往
【活学活用】
完成句子
①Could you be so kind to (删除一些不必要的词) in our essays (应用文写作之求助信)
②We’re to gather at the school gate at 8 am this Saturday and (出发前往我们的目的地)—South Mountain Park, a nature lover’s paradise. (应用文写作之活动介绍)
③On the final lap, (我被抛在了后面), but I didn’t lose heart, keeping running to the finish line. (读后续写之动作+心理描写)
④ (被独自留在家里), Anne was so alarmed that she dared not turn off the lights. (读后续写之心理描写)
⑤Let’s (抛开我们的分歧) and focus on finding a solution that benefits everyone.
(教材P41) I wish she had come!
我真希望她来了!
wish从句中的虚拟语气
句型公式
【句式点拨】
此句中wish后为宾语从句,表示对过去发生的事情感到遗憾或后悔。wish后跟宾语从句时,从句用如下虚拟语气形式:
(1)表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句用“主语+动词过去式(be动词用were)”;
(2)表示与过去事实相反的愿望,从句用“主语+had done”;
(3)表示将来不太可能实现的愿望,从句用“主语+would/could/might+动词原形”。
[温馨提示] 当wish用作名词,后跟同位语从句、表语从句时,从句也要用相应形式的虚拟语气。
【活学活用】
完成句子
①[2020·全国新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写] “I wish (我们能帮助他赚钱),” said Clara. “His family is suffering so much.”
②Glancing down at my jeans and my old sneakers, I wished (我没有来). (读后续写之动作描写)
③He wishes Fern (在那儿), holding him in her arms and comforting him. (读后续写之动
作描写)
(教材P44) Watched by millions, the ending to the race has divided opinions: should the brothers have been disqualified or highly praised for their actions
有数百万人目睹了这场比赛的结尾,对此人们看法不一:到底这两兄弟是应该因为他们的行为被取消比赛资格,还是应该受到高度赞扬
过去分词(短语)作状语
句型公式
【句式点拨】
watched by millions为过去分词短语作状语。过去分词(短语)作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随等。它在很多情况下可以转化成相应的状语从句或并列分句。 过去分词(短语)作状语时,句子的主语与过去分词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。而现在分词(短语)作状语时,句子的主语与现在分词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2023·全国乙卷] James Barry (c.1789—1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, (dress) as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine.
②[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷] (use) a global data set of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
(2)完成句子
①[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷应用文写作] I suggest allowing students to form teams voluntarily (以他们的兴趣爱好、学习目标或语言能力为基础). (应用文写作之建议信)
② (面对挑战), I whispered to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”. (读后续写之心理描写)
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.Practising Chinese kung fu can not only build up people’s (strong), but also develop people’s character.
2.I (apology) to my coach for my poor performance, but he pats me on the shoulder and comforts me, “I’m sure we can do much better together next time!”
3.All our projects aim (promote) the development of poor and remote communities.
4.We will be exploring different approaches to (gather) information.
5. (obvious), he is a promising young man full of positive attitudes towards the future.
6.His success on the track not only earned him (admire) from his peers but also served as a (power) reminder that individuals with disabilities have enormous potential waiting to be unlocked.
7.The educational system focuses its priorities on providing quality education that meets the (nation) standards and prepares students for future challenges.
8.We show great respect for our teachers’ (profession) attitude and dedication to their work.
9.I always admire (talent) athletes who consistently push their limits and inspire others with their determination and perseverance.
10.The vacation we are currently having is turning out to be a (memory) experience in my life.
11.Being a (responsibility) individual means taking ownership of your actions and considering the impact they have on those around you.
12.With her extensive experience and enormous knowledge, she is highly (qualify) to pursue a successful career in the field of news media.
13.I reserve (judge) on this issue until we have more information.
14. (seat) by the window, he took a deep breath and let out a contented sigh, admiring the breathtaking view of the sunset.
●Ⅱ 短语填空
1.Currently, the government is facing (各种各样的) issues, one of which is the environmental impact of tourism.
2.The marketing team is (专注于) the unique features of our new product to create an effective campaign.
3.Despite a slow start, soon I was (领先).
4.I’m taking extra lessons to (弥补) the time I missed.
5.After months of dieting and exercise, she refused to (勉强接受) anything less than a slim and toned physique (体形).
6.Sarah decided to (全身心投入), committing all her time and resources to making it a success.
7.As he walked through the dense forest, he made sure to (留下) clear tracks for his companions to follow.
8.Under his guidance, I (平静下来) gradually, and stayed focused to wait patiently.
●Ⅲ 句型训练
1. the media coverage of the activity, but my schedule just doesn’t allow it. (虚拟语气)
我多么希望我能参与媒体对这次活动的报道,但是我的日程安排不允许。
2.I was still in the third place from the finish line, and then I began to feel stressed. (with复合结构)
在离终点线还有100米的时候,我仍然是第三名,我开始感到有压力。
3. , he didn’t lose heart. Instead, he became more aggressive and positive. (分词作状语)
再次被击败,他没有灰心。相反,他变得更加积极进取。
4. , he made his way towards the mountain in search of the missing boy, his dog sniffing and searching. (despite)
尽管天气不好,他还是向山上走去, 寻找那个失踪的男孩,他的狗嗅来嗅去,搜寻着。
●Ⅰ 动词变形练
1.No sooner had the performance (begin) than the lights went out, leaving the audience in the dark.
2.After waiting for half an hour, she was (begin) to get angry.
3.He (bend) towards me and whispered in my ear.
4.She, being a thrill-seeker, (bet) all her money on the seemingly promising horse that came last.
5.The little girl (bite) her nails nervously when she was waiting for her turn.
6.One of his arms (bite) off by a crocodile last year.
7.The referee (blow) the whistle to signal the end of the match, and the players shook hands in good sportsmanship.
●Ⅱ 构词法规则
构词法 否定前缀im-/in-/ir-表示“非,不,无”
指出下列黑体词的含义
1.[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷] What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity
2.[2024·新课标Ⅱ卷] Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.
3.[2023·北京卷] The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the world’s most serious problems: climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more.
4.[2021·全国乙卷] The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant.
5.[2023·浙江1月考] Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant…But for humans, meaning is everything.
●Ⅲ 熟词生义练
指出下列黑体词在句中的不同含义
1.average
①[2024·全国甲卷] Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural (乡村的) populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions.
②[2023·全国乙卷] The Chinese coach transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the world, helping her skyrocket from an average member of the national team to the top of the sport.
2.back
①Ann gave up driving when she backed the car into the garage door.
②[2023·全国乙卷] Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory.
3.badly
①They were taking a badly damaged boat from the Virgin Islands to Miami to have it repaired.
②The house was considerably out of repair and badly in need of painting.
4.balloon
[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find.
5.bear
①My mother couldn’t bear waste—she always made us eat everything on our plates.
②At Christmas the family all arrive at the house bearing gifts.
③When his wife bore him a child he could not hide his delight.
④He had to bear the responsibility of leading the team through the challenging project.
Part Ⅰ 应用文写作
[2020·全国卷Ⅰ] 你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题,写一篇短文参赛,内容包括:
1.人物简介;
2.尊敬和爱戴的原因。
注意:1.词数100左右;
2.短文题目和首句已为你写好。
The person I respect
There are many respectable people around us. As for me, my mother stands out as the person 1. (我最尊敬的). 2. (尽管在一个小村庄出生并长大), my mother has become 3. (有影响力且成功的律师).
As a qualified lawyer, she has helped a lot of people with her professionalism and dedication, 4. (在她的领域赢得了广泛的尊重). 5. (她的责任感和产生影响的能力) have a deep influence on me. 6. (尽管非常忙), she still manages to spare some time to keep me company. 7. (每当我在学习和生活中遇到问题时), my mother will listen to me patiently and encourage me to overcome them bravely.
My mother is the person 8. (值得我衷心尊敬和深爱的).
Part Ⅱ 读后续写
3.情感细节描写——恐惧与惊恐
【语言素材】
骇人的;恐怖的 scary/frightening/terrifying 陷入恐慌 get into a panic
惊恐的,害怕的 scared/frightened/terrified 惊慌失措/惊恐万分 be seized by panic/horror
害怕地,惊恐地 in fright/fear/terror/panic 因害怕而僵住了 be frozen/freeze with fear
令人恐惧的;可怕的 horrible 吓得要死 be scared to death
恐惧;惊恐 horror/terror 使某人毛骨悚然 make one’s hair stand on end
害怕 fear 某人吓得心提到了嗓子眼 have one’s heart in one’s mouth
(续表)
颤抖,发抖 tremble/shake/shiver 浑身颤抖 tremble all over
一股令人不寒而栗的恐惧 a chilling wave of fear 被恐惧和不安所吞噬 be consumed by fear and unease
冷汗直流 with cold sweat pouring down one’s body 瘫倒在地 collapse to the ground
【跟踪演练】
●Ⅰ 单句表达
1.At the sight of the wolf, I and my palms were sweating.
一看到那只狼,我就被一种强烈的恐惧感所控制,手心冒汗。
2. , he was an inch.
他吓得僵住了,害怕得寸步难行。
3.When I heard the loud crash from the kitchen, I , fearing something terrible had happened.
当我听到厨房传来的巨响时,我心都提到嗓子眼了,担心发生了什么可怕的事情。
4.The horror movie we watched last night with its terrifying scenes.
我们昨晚看的恐怖电影以其可怕的场景让我毛骨悚然。
5.She when she heard the unexpected news, feeling nervous and uneasy.
当她听到这个意外的消息时,她浑身颤抖,感到紧张不安。
6.He , covered his eyes with his hands and screamed loudly .
他惊慌失措,用手蒙住眼睛,惊恐地大声尖叫。
●Ⅱ 语段表达(恐惧与惊恐)
I was walking deep in the thick forest when suddenly a deafening roar broke the quietness. I 1. (心提到了嗓子眼儿) as I turned to see a massive lion emerging from the bushes.
For a moment, I was completely 2. (吓得僵住了), unable to move a step and my mind 3. (变得一片空白). It was as if all my senses had shut down 4. (惊恐地), except for my eyes, which were locked on the beast in front of me.
The lion took a step forward, its paws making no sound on the soft forest floor.I felt 5. (一股令人不寒而栗的恐惧)wash over me. I 6. (浑身颤抖) with 7. (冷汗直流). Just then, a sudden noise from the other side of the forest distracted the lion. After what seemed to be ages, it turned its head slightly, walked away from me and slowly disappeared into the bushes. I 8. (瘫倒在地), my legs giving out beneath me. That encounter with the lion in the forest was an experience that would be etched into my memory forever, a terrifying reminder of the power and unpredictability of nature. Unit 3 Family matters
(限时:35分钟)
●Ⅰ 阅读理解
A [2024·湖北武汉武昌区高三二模]
文体:记叙文 主题:人与社会 词数:347
At the end of 2019, I learned that HereAfter AI, whose goal is to let the living communicate with the dead, was looking for applicants of its new AI project. Interested in what it was promising, I applied to test the software on my very-much-alive parents.
At first, I thought it would be just a fun project to see what was technologically possible. Then their health condition added some urgency to the experiment. I was frightened that my parents might die since my father had been diagnosed with cancer and my mother was recently developing symptoms of early Alzheimer’s disease, and that with the distance between us, I might never have the chance to say goodbye.
The first step was an interview. My parents were asked questions by a technician for hours—about everything from their earliest memories to what they believe will happen after they die. Whether through illness-generated concerns or a willingness to humour their daughter, my parents put up zero resistance. The company then took their responses and started to create the voice assistants. A few months later, my virtual parents arrived via e-mail attachment.
When I communicated with them through the app on my phone, my hands were shaking. I hadn’t seen my actual, real parents for six months. They told me personal stories I’d never heard. They gave me life advice and told me things about their childhoods, as well as my own. It was mesmerizing.
Personally, I have mixed feelings about my experiment. I’m glad to have my virtual parents. They’ve enabled me to learn new things about my parents, and it’s comforting to think that those bots will be there even when my parents aren’t. On the other hand, I can’t help but find it sad that it took a stranger interviewing my parents for me to properly appreciate the complex people they are. But I feel lucky to have had the chance to grasp that—and to still have the precious opportunity to spend more time with them and learn more about them, face to face, no technology involved.
( )1.Why did the author initially join the AI project
A.To preserve her parents’ voice.
B.To test out the new technology.
C.To learn more about her parents’ life.
D.To remove the worry about her parents’ health.
( )2.What can we learn about the author’s parents
A.They liked talking a lot.
B.They died of the illnesses.
C.They provided data for the project.
D.They opposed joining the project at first.
( )3.What does the underlined word “mesmerizing” mean in Paragraph 4
A.Fascinating. B.Alarming.
C.Inspiring. D.Entertaining.
( )4.What does the author realize at last
A.AI means never saying goodbye to our parents.
B.The real connection with our parents matters most.
C.The advances in AI technology have pros and cons.
D.AI allows us to learn more about our virtual parents.
B [2024·广东广州华南师大附中高考适应性测试]
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:348
Increased involvement from grandparents can be crucial in a child’s development. From helping children navigate stressful situations to giving kids that little extra bit of love and care, grandparents play an important role in the well-being of a child. Now, there’s scientific data to back this up.
According to a study of over 1,500 children, conducted by Professor Ann Buchanan from the Department of Social Policy and Intervention at the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom, children who have tight-knit relationships with their grandparents tend to have fewer problems, both emotionally and when it comes to their behaviour. Besides, children also have less difficulty when interacting and maintaining relationships with others.
Kimberly Agresta, the co-founder of Englewood’s Agresta Psychotherapy Group, has also noticed in a study the significant benefits of allowing grandparents to be more involved in children’s lives. “If parents regularly involve grandparents in their child’s life early on, a child can develop real emotional closeness to their grandparents and begin to see them as a source of strong social support,” she stated in an interview. “So a child will feel they have other adults, aside from their parents, who care about them in the same way, and this adds to their sense of stability and security.”
She continued, “Stressful situations are less impactful to such children because they have other people in their lives who they have these attachments to and support from.” This is because grandparents are generally not responsible for disciplining or raising the child, and they’re able to love the child a little more freely and unconditionally than a parent, Agresta explained.
“Grandparents are a wealth of knowledge and information, and not only can they pass on valuable skills from real-life experience, but they can also share the past with their grandchildren,” added Agresta. “They can serve as historians, sharing various traditions and stories about when their own children were growing up, which creates a sense of continuity for a child.” So it looks like it may be time to set up a play date for your kids with their grandparents!
( )5.What is the impact of children spending time with grandparents according to Buchanan’s study
A.Improved social skills.
B.Lower intelligence level.
C.Better academic performance.
D.Increased behavioural problems.
( )6.How does Agresta probably describe grandparents’ treating their grandchildren
A.More critical. B.More positive.
C.Less supportive. D.Less judgemental.
( )7.What does Agresta talk about in the last paragraph
A.The features of grandparents’ love.
B.Various roles grandparents take on.
C.The typical qualities of grandparents.
D.Grandparents’ advantages over parents.
( )8.How does the author mainly organize the text
A.By quoting a few people’s opinions.
B.By analysing two scientific surveys.
C.By giving the findings of two studies.
D.By making comparisons between studies.
C [2024·福建泉州高三适应性测试]
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:335
“You’re so smart!”—this encouraging response to children’s maths performance is commonly heard. Recently, a new study, conducted by the University of Georgia, found that encouraging children with responses related to their personal characteristics or inborn abilities might weaken their maths motivation and achievement over time.
Parents who make comments linking their children’s performance to personal characteristics like intelligence are using what’s referred to as person responses. In contrast, parents who link their children’s actions, such as efforts or strategy use, to their performance are using process responses.
For the study, researchers asked more than 500 parents to report on how they responded to their children’s maths performance and their maths belief and goals. Children were assessed in two waves across a year to measure their maths motivation and achievement.
The results show that parents who view maths ability as changeable are more likely to give process responses focused on their children’s strategy use and efforts rather than their intelligence or other personal characteristics. In contrast, parents who believe maths ability is unchangeable and that maths failure can’t be constructive give more person responses. Parents with high expectations for their children give a combination of both responses. While responses highlighting strategy and efforts are not related to any achievement outcomes, children who receive more responses about their personal characteristics—in particular, related to failure—are more likely to avoid harder maths problems, exhibit higher levels of maths anxiety, and score lower on maths achievement tests.
Because person responses predict poor maths adjustment in children over time, researchers suggest parents limit this type of responses at home. Another recommendation for parents is to think about their own belief and goals for their kids and examine how these might lead them to respond in person or process ways. Simply telling parents to avoid talking about maths ability may not be enough. Focusing less on how children perform and more on their strategy and enjoyment of maths might be a more effective way to enhance motivation.
( )9.Which of the following is an example of process responses
A.You are a lucky dog.
B.Running is in your blood.
C.What works well for your study
D.Why are you such a maths genius
( )10.What can be inferred from the study results
A.Parents prefer to give more process responses.
B.Children are more likely to be affected by maths anxiety.
C.Process responses help with children’s maths achievement.
D.Person responses can discourage children from learning maths.
( )11.What do researchers advise parents to do
A.Restrict person responses.
B.Defend their own belief.
C.Stress children’s performance.
D.Ignore children’s maths problems.
( )12.Which can be a suitable title for the text
A.The strategy children adopt to learn maths helps
B.The way parents talk to children on maths matters
C.Responses to enhance children’s maths performance
D.Suggestions for parents to teach their children maths
●Ⅱ 应用文写作 [2024·浙江杭州高三二模]
本学期你校开设了每周一节的英语文学阅读课,请你就此写一篇短文向学校英文报Student Voice栏目投稿,内容包括:
1.课程介绍(目的、内容、上课方式等);
2.你的收获。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
English literature reading class opens a new world
A.词汇积累
1.promise v.许诺;保证;预示
2.illness-generated adj.疾病引发的
3.virtual adj.虚拟的;很接近的;事实上的
4.attachment n.(电子邮件的) 附件;(机器的) 附加装置;爱慕;忠诚
5.back up支持;证实……的话;备份;倒车;后退
6.tight-knit adj.关系密切的;紧密团结的
7.stability n.稳定(性);稳固(性)
8.discipline v.管教;处罚;自我控制 n.自制力;纪律;学科
9.highlight v.突出;强调;使醒目 n.最好或最精彩的部分
B.熟词生义
1.put up进行(抵抗);张贴;举起;建造;留宿
Whether through illness-generated concerns or a willingness to humour their daughter, my parents put up zero resistance.(阅读A, Para.3)
【译文】 无论是出于对疾病的担忧,还是出于对女儿的迁就,我的父母都没有任何的抵触。
2.navigate v.找到正确方法(对付困难复杂的情况);导航;驾驭
From helping children navigate stressful situations to giving kids that little extra bit of love and care, grandparents play an important role in the well-being of a child.(阅读B, Para.1)
【译文】 从帮助孩子应对压力到给孩子一点额外的爱和照顾,祖父母在孩子的幸福生活中扮演着重要的角色。
C.长难句分析
According to a study of over 1,500 children, conducted by Professor Ann Buchanan from the Department of Social Policy and Intervention at the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom, children who have tight-knit relationships with their grandparents tend to have fewer problems, both emotionally and when it comes to their behaviour.(阅读B, Para.2)
【分析】 conducted by…是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰study;who引导定语从句,修饰主句主语children;主句的谓语和宾语分别是tend和to have fewer problems;when引导时间状语从句。
【译文】 根据英国牛津大学社会政策与干预系的安·布坎南教授对1500多名儿童进行的一项研究,与祖父母关系密切的孩子在情绪和行为方面出现的问题往往更少。(共132张PPT)
Unit 3 Family matters
语境词汇串记
考点互动探究
当堂过关检测
语言素养提升
写作素养提升
作业手册
答案速查【听】
答案速查【作】
I live in a typical Chinese family. My mother works as a
lawyer, who fights for justice in the court in her entire life. She
likes jogging, which keeps her slim in her fifties. My father is a
man of strength. He has a square jaw and a beard. As a
1.____________(profession) athlete, he has won many medals
and honours in a range of events throughout his career. The
local media has even made a feature on his achievements,
2._________(watch) by millions. He is the person I admire the
professional
watched
most. As for me, I have just graduated from senior high. I
assume that I have a talent 3.____ music and dream of setting
up my own studio.
In my 4._________(memorize), my family have never been in
conflict. We observe important days together and apologise for
our own faults. We 5._________(regular) have an open chat at
the weekend, which aims 6._________(settle) the important
issues in life. Despite the generation gap, each individual of
us shows respect for each other and never ignores others'
advice.
for
memory
regularly
to settle
Yesterday evening, I 7.____________(approach) my parents
and discussed my future career with them. 8._________(hear) I
wanted to give up university and focus on my band, my father
looked astonished. Obviously he did not agree. However, he
did not judge me. Instead, he stressed that university education
had 9.____ enormous impact on one's life. My mother
suggested that I should go to university 10._____ play music at
the same time. Indeed, with an extra option, I can be more
powerful and even in the lead on the track of music. I am
proud to have such responsible parents.
approached
Hearing
an
and
1 approach v.接近;靠近;着手处理,对付;接洽,要求 n.接近;方法;路径;
道路
(1)with sth approaching=with the approach of sth=with sth
drawing near/around the corner 随着某事物的来临
(2)at the approach of 在……快到的时候
(3)an approach to (doing) sth (做)某事的方法(to为介词)
［温馨提示］ “做某事的方法”的常见表达还有:
(1)the way to do/of doing sth
(2)the means of doing sth
(3)the method of doing sth
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
［译林选二U4］ By delivering the content in a meaningful way,
this new approach to _________(learn) manages to engage
students' interest and enhance learning efficiency.
learning
(2)熟词生义
①［2024·新课标Ⅰ卷］ Farber is certain that the holistic
approach will grow more popular with time.______
方法
②[2021·天津卷] Human qualities also involve how you think,
how you approach problems, and how you break them down.
__________
着手处理
③[2019·北京卷] She also approached dentists to learn more
about teeth cleaning. ______
接洽
(3)完成句子/一句多译
①[2021·浙江6月考读后续写]
________________________________(一走近房子), I noticed my
dad and mum standing beside the old truck and looking sad.
(介词短语) (读后续写之动作+情感描写)
Upon/On approaching the house
②[2020·浙江7月考应用文写作] 此外,随着高考的来临,我们正在为此
做充分的准备。
→What's more, ____________________________________________
_________________________________________, we are making full
preparations for it. (with复合结构)
→What's more, ____________________________________________
_________________________________________, we are making full
preparations for it. (as引导时间状语从句)
with the College Entrance Examination approaching/drawing near/around the corner
as the College Entrance Examination is approaching/drawing near/around the corner
2 focus v.(把……)集中(于);聚焦(于) n.焦点;中心点
(1)focus (one's attention/efforts, etc.) on/upon…
集中(某人的注意力/努力等)于……
(2)the focus of attention/concern 关注的焦点
(3)focused adj. 注意力集中的,目标明确的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2023·浙江1月考] Explorers Camp organizes engaging arts,
history and science-related activities in every class, and focuses
_________ a range of topics that emphasize active learning,
exploration and, most of all, fun!
on/upon
②[2024·全国甲卷] “I was very impressed by the doctors and
their assistants working and living in such little space but still
staying ________(focus) and very concerned,” says Ducke.
focused
(2)完成句子
①[2021·全国乙卷书面表达] To be a smart online learner, I
suggest we communicate with the teachers whenever necessary
and ______________________________(关注老师所说的内容).
focus on what the teachers say
②When Lisa stood before the audience, she felt very uneasy
________________________________(所有的目光都集中在她的身上).
(with复合结构) (读后续写之心理+动作描写)
with all the eyes focused on her
3 respect v.尊敬，敬重 n.尊敬,敬意;重视;方面
(1)respect sb for sth 因某事而尊重某人
(2)show/have respect for/to… 对……尊重
give/send one's respects to… 向……表示某人的敬意
in…respect(s) 在……方面
in respect of=with respect to 关于,就……而言
(3)respectful adj. 有礼貌的;恭敬的
respectable adj. 体面的;值得尊敬的
respective adj. 分别的,各自的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①I respect my teacher ____ her passion for teaching and
dedication to her students.
②“We're so pleased to meet you at last,” he said in a
__________(respect) tone of voice.
③It's the inner beauty rather than our appearance that makes
us____________(respect).
for
respectful
respectable
(2)完成句子
①By the end of the trip, we ________________________________
________________(对大自然及其生物表示尊重), and was grateful
for the opportunity to experience such an educational and eye-
opening journey. (应用文写作之活动感想)
had/showed respect for/to nature and its creatures
②Thank you for inviting us to participate in the upcoming
International High School Music Festival and I am writing to ask
for _________________________________________________
(关于这个活动的更多细节). (应用文写作之咨询信)
more details in respect of/with respect to this event
③Please _____________________________________ when you see
them.
当你见到你父母时，请代我向他们表示我的敬意。
give/send my respects to your parents
4 aim v.力求达到;瞄准 n.目标;目的
(1)aim at/for sth 力求达到(目标);瞄准
aim sth at sb/sth 用某物瞄准某人或某物
be aimed at (doing)… 目的是(做)……;旨在(做)……
aim to do sth/aim at doing sth 力争/旨在做某事
(2)take aim at… 瞄准……;对准……
with the aim of… 以……为目标, 目的是……
(3)aimless adj. 无目的的
(4)aimlessly adv. 无目的地
［温馨提示］ ①aim at的主语主要是人、团体、机构等,而be
aimed at的主语一般是活动、措施等事物;
②名词aim作主语时,常用动词不定式形式作表语。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2024·全国甲卷] That's why this issue (期) of Writer's Digest
aims ________(help) you figure out how to write the best
ending for whatever kind of writing you're doing.
to help
②The aim of this programme is ________(give) graduates a
solid understanding of the basic principles of advertising and
marketing.
to give
③After several hours of ________(aim) search, they finally gave
up.
aimless
(2)完成句子/一句多译
①［《小妇人》］ Every word, every silence, everything a mother
does __________________________________________(旨在帮助和
保护她的孩子).
is aimed at helping and protecting her child
②为了帮助我们学生释放学习压力,我们学校决定在本周六组织一次
徒步旅行。(应用文写作之通知/告知信)
→________________________ us students release the pressure of
study, our school has decided to organize a hike this Saturday.
(介词短语)
→________________________________ us students release the
pressure of study, our school has decided to organize a hike
this Saturday. (分词作状语)
With the aim of helping
Aiming to help/Aiming at helping
5 observe v.看到,观察到,注意到;遵守(法律、习俗);庆祝(节日等)
(1)observe sb do sth 观察到某人做了某事(强调动作的过程)
observe sb doing sth 观察到某人正在做某事(强调动作正在进行)
(2)observation n. 观察;观测
［温馨提示］ observe作“注意到;观察到”讲时,在主动语态中,observe
接宾语后跟不定式作补语时,要省去不定式符号to,但变为被动语态
时,to不能省去。类似用法的词还有:see, hear, notice, make, have,
watch等。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①［人教必修一U2］ A traveller without ____________(observe) is
a bird without wings.
②Last night Bruce was observed _________(leave) the building
with two young men and take a taxi away.
observation
to leave
(2)熟词生义
①［译林必修二U3］ According to tradition, we should celebrate
the festival by going mountain climbing, but how many people
today still observe this tradition ______
遵守
②Chinese people observe the Spring Festival in the similar way
that Western people observe Christmas Day. ______
庆祝
(3)完成句子
On the top of Mount Tai, we excitedly ______________________
______________(观看太阳从……升起) the sea of clouds.
(应用文写作之活动报道)
observed the sun rise/rising from
6 range n.一系列;(变化等的)幅度,范围;山脉 v.(在一定范围内)变化,
变动
(1)a wide/broad range of 广泛的,各种各样的
in/within range 在可及的范围以内
beyond/out of range 超出范围;在范围以外
(2)range from…to… 在……到……之间变动;包括从……
到……之间的各类事物
range between…and… 在……到……之间变动
【活学活用】
完成句子
①Any kinds of works are welcome, __________________________
________(从诗到绘画). (应用文写作之通知/告知信)
②Knowing that Oxford University offers ______________________
________(各种各样的课程), I wonder if you could offer some
guidance on how to choose the suitable ones. (应用文写作之求
助信)
ranging from poems to paintings
a wide/broad range of courses
7 apologise vi.道歉;谢罪
(1)apologise to sb for (doing) sth因为(做)某事向某人道歉
(2)apology n. 道歉;致歉
make an apology to sb for (doing) sth 因为(做)某事向某人道歉
accept/refuse an/one's apology 接受/拒绝道歉/某人的道歉
owe sb an apology 应向某人道歉
(3)apologetic adj. 道歉的；愧疚的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
He's demanding a full _________(apologise) from the newspaper
for not telling people the truth about his personal life.
apology
(2)一句多译
感到既羞愧又后悔，他们因自己的所作所为真诚地向他们的老师道
歉。(读后续写之情感描写)
→Ashamed and regretful, they sincerely ______________________
__________ what they had done. (apologise)
→Ashamed and regretful, they sincerely ______________________
_______________ what they had done. (apology)
apologised to their teacher for
made an apology to their teacher for
8 settle vi. & vt.定居;结束;解决;决定;使处于舒适的位置;(使)平静下
来;降落;停留
(1)settle down (使)舒服地坐下;定居;平静下来
settle (down) to (doing) sth
开始认真对待某事;定下心来做某事
settle in/into 习惯于(新居);适应(新工作、新学校等)
(2)settlement n. 定居点;协议,和解;移民
(3)settler n. 移民;殖民者
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The management and unions have reached a ___________
(settle) over new working conditions.
settlement
(2)一词多义
①［2024·新课标Ⅱ卷］ I liked travelling in France, but when it
came to picking my favourite spot to settle, Italy was the clear
winner. _______
v.定居
②[2022·全国甲卷] The disagreement was so sharp that neither
he nor I knew how to settle it.___________
v.解决
③After a long day at work, she took a few deep breaths to
settle her mind and relax before dinner. ___________
v.平静下来
(3)完成句子
①I _______________________ and put a blanket over her.
我把她放在沙发上安顿好,给她盖了一条毯子。(读后续写之动作描写)
settled her on the sofa
②After the initial excitement, she finally could ________________
______________at hand.
最初的兴奋过后，她终于可以定下心来做手头的任务。
settle (down) to doing the task
1 jump in with both feet 不假思索地匆匆加入;全心全意地投入
jump in 匆忙行动,不假思索地做;打断,插嘴
jump at sth 欣然接受(机会、建议等)
jump (up) with/for joy 高兴地跳起来
jump (up) with/in excitement 兴奋地跳起来
jump the queue 插队,加塞儿
jump to one's feet 跳起来,一跃而起
jump to conclusions/to the conclusion that… 匆忙下结论;贸然断定
【活学活用】
完成句子
①[2024·北京卷] My friends all
______________________________(兴奋地跳起来) and asked me,
“Will you be going, Amy ” (读后续写之动作+情感描写)
②At the sight of the pleasant surprise, Rachel ________________
___________(高兴地跳起来) and screamed with excitement.
(读后续写之动作+情感描写)
jumped (up) in/with excitement
jumped (up) with/for joy
③［2023·北京卷］ I ______________________(欣然接受了这个机
会), and a few weeks later I was equally shocked—and
overjoyed—when she invited me to talk with her about potential
projects I could pursue in her lab.
④If you want to learn English well, you have to ______________
_________(全身心投入).
⑤He ___________________(跳起来) and rushed towards the
burning car. (读后续写之动作描写)
jumped at the chance
jump in with both feet
jumped to his feet
2 leave sb/sth behind 把……抛在后面,超过;永久离开;忘记带走,
留下
leave…alone 不打扰,不惊动;不碰
leave aside 搁置,不考虑
leave out 省去,遗漏,不包括
leave for 出发去,前往
【活学活用】
完成句子
①Could you be so kind to
_________________________________(删除一些不必要的词) in our
essays (应用文写作之求助信)
②We're to gather at the school gate at 8 am this Saturday and
________________________(出发前往我们的目的地)—South
Mountain Park, a nature lover's paradise. (应用文写作之活动介绍)
leave out some unnecessary words
leave for our destination
③On the final lap, _________________(我被抛在了后面), but I
didn't lose heart, keeping running to the finish line. (读后续写之
动作+心理描写)
④___________________(被独自留在家里), Anne was so alarmed
that she dared not turn off the lights. (读后续写之心理描写)
⑤Let's __________________________(抛开我们的分歧) and focus
on finding a solution that benefits everyone.
I was left behind
Left alone at home
leave aside our differences
1(教材P41) I wish she had come!
我真希望她来了!
句型公式
wish从句中的虚拟语气
【句式点拨】
此句中wish后为宾语从句,表示对过去发生的事情感到遗憾或后悔。
wish后跟宾语从句时,从句用如下虚拟语气形式:
(1)表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句用“主语+动词过去式
(be动词用were)”;
(2)表示与过去事实相反的愿望,从句用“主语+had done”;
(3)表示将来不太可能实现的愿望,从句用“主语+would/could/might+
动词原形”。
［温馨提示］ 当wish用作名词,后跟同位语从句、表语从句时,从句
也要用相应形式的虚拟语气。
【活学活用】
完成句子
①[2020·全国新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写] “I wish ____________________
________________________________________(我们能帮助他赚钱),”
said Clara. “His family is suffering so much.”
we would/could/ might help him to earn money
②Glancing down at my jeans and my old sneakers, I wished
______________(我没有来). (读后续写之动作描写)
③He wishes Fern ___________(在那儿), holding him in her arms
and comforting him. (读后续写之动作描写)
I hadn't come
were there
2(教材P44) Watched by millions, the ending to the race has
divided opinions: should the brothers have been disqualified
or highly praised for their actions？
有数百万人目睹了这场比赛的结尾,对此人们看法不一:到底这两兄弟
是应该因为他们的行为被取消比赛资格,还是应该受到高度赞扬
句型公式
过去分词(短语)作状语
【句式点拨】
watched by millions为过去分词短语作状语。过去分词(短语)作状语
可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随等。它在很多情况下可以
转化成相应的状语从句或并列分句。 过去分词(短语)作状语时,句子
的主语与过去分词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。而现在分词(短语)作状
语时,句子的主语与现在分词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2023·全国乙卷] James Barry (c.1789—1865) was born
Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, ________(dress) as a man, she
was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine.
dressed
②［2024·新课标Ⅰ卷］ _______(use) a global data set of 1.9
billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and
his team tested how well these data represent actual global
biodiversity patterns.
Using
(2)完成句子
①[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷应用文写作] I suggest allowing students
to form teams voluntarily ___________________________________
________________________(以他们的兴趣爱好、学习目标或语言能
力为基础). (应用文写作之建议信)
based on their interests, learning goals or language abilities
②____________________________(面对挑战), I whispered to
myself the two simple words “Be yourself”. (读后续写之心理描写)
Faced with/Facing challenges
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.Practising Chinese kung fu can not only build up people's
_________(strong), but also develop people's character.
strength
2.I __________(apology) to my coach for my poor performance,
but he pats me on the shoulder and comforts me, “I'm sure we
can do much better together next time!”
apologise
3.All our projects aim ____________(promote) the development
of poor and remote communities.
to promote
4.We will be exploring different approaches to
__________(gather) information.
5.__________(obvious), he is a promising young man full of
positive attitudes towards the future.
gathering
Obviously
6.His success on the track not only earned him
___________(admire) from his peers but also served as a
_________(power) reminder that individuals with disabilities have
enormous potential waiting to be unlocked.
admiration
powerful
7.The educational system focuses its priorities on providing
quality education that meets the _________(nation) standards
and prepares students for future challenges.
national
8.We show great respect for our teachers'
____________(profession) attitude and dedication to their work.
professional
9.I always admire _________(talent) athletes who consistently
push their limits and inspire others with their determination and
perseverance.
talented
10.The vacation we are currently having is turning out to be a
____________(memory) experience in my life.
memorable
11.Being a ____________(responsibility) individual means taking
ownership of your actions and considering the impact they have
on those around you.
responsible
12.With her extensive experience and enormous knowledge, she
is highly _________(qualify) to pursue a successful career in the
field of news media.
qualified
13.I reserve ___________(judge) on this issue until we have
more information.
judgement
14.________(seat) by the window, he took a deep breath and
let out a contented sigh, admiring the breathtaking view of the
sunset.
Seated
Ⅱ 短语填空
1.Currently,the government is facing ______________________
(各种各样的) issues, one of which is the environmental impact
of tourism.
a wide/broad range of
2.The marketing team is ____________(专注于) the unique
features of our new product to create an effective campaign.
3.Despite a slow start, soon I was ____________(领先).
4.I'm taking extra lessons to _____________(弥补) the time I
missed.
focusing on
in the lead
make up for
5.After months of dieting and exercise, she refused to
__________(勉强接受) anything less than a slim and toned
physique (体形).
settle for
6.Sarah decided to _______________________(全身心投入),
committing all her time and resources to making it a success.
7.As he walked through the dense forest, he made sure to
_____________(留下) clear tracks for his companions to follow.
8.Under his guidance, I ______________(平静下来) gradually, and
stayed focused to wait patiently.
jump in with both feet
leave behind
calmed down
Ⅲ 句型训练
1.________________________________ the media coverage of the
activity, but my schedule just doesn't allow it. (虚拟语气)
我多么希望我能参与媒体对这次活动的报道，但是我的日程安排不
允许。
How I wish I could participate in
2.I was still in the third place ______________________ from the
finish line, and then I began to feel stressed. (with复合结构)
在离终点线还有100米的时候,我仍然是第三名,我开始感到有压力。
with 100 metres to go
3._______________, he didn't lose heart. Instead, he became
more aggressive and positive. (分词作状语)
再次被击败,他没有灰心。相反,他变得更加积极进取。
Defeated again
4.________________________, he made his way towards the
mountain in search of the missing boy, his dog sniffing and
searching. (despite)
尽管天气不好,他还是向山上走去, 寻找那个失踪的男孩,他的狗嗅来
嗅去,搜寻着。
Despite the bad weather
Ⅰ 动词变形练
1.No sooner had the performance _______(begin) than the lights
went out, leaving the audience in the dark.
2.After waiting for half an hour， she was __________(begin) to
get angry.
3.He ______(bend) towards me and whispered in my ear.
4.She, being a thrill-seeker, _____(bet) all her money on the
seemingly promising horse that came last.
begun
beginning
bent
bet
5.The little girl ____(bite) her nails nervously when she was
waiting for her turn.
6.One of his arms ___________(bite) off by a crocodile last year.
7.The referee ______(blow) the whistle to signal the end of the
match, and the players shook hands in good sportsmanship.
bit
was bitten
blew
Ⅱ 构词法规则
构词法 否定前缀im-/in-/ir-表示“非,不,无”
指出下列黑体词的含义
1.［2024·新课标Ⅰ卷］ What can we do with the imperfect
datasets of biodiversity __________
2.［2024·新课标Ⅱ卷］ Those who are dressed inappropriately
will be refused permission to participate. __________
不完美的
不合适地
3.[2023·北京卷] The inability to engage with longer-term causes
and consequences leads to some of the world's most serious
problems: climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more.
__________
不能,无力
4.[2021·全国乙卷] The differences between most of the groups
were statistically insignificant. ____________
微不足道的
5.[2023·浙江1月考] Indeed, to a computer, meaning is
irrelevant…But for humans, meaning is everything. ____________
__________
不相关的，无关紧要的
Ⅲ 熟词生义练
指出下列黑体词在句中的不同含义
1.average
①［2024·全国甲卷］ Each stop lasts an average of two days,
and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide
rural (乡村的) populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans
and prescriptions. ____________
平均,平均数
②［2023·全国乙卷］ The Chinese coach transformed Douglas
into one of the best gymnasts in the world, helping her
skyrocket from an average member of the national team to the
top of the sport.______________
普通的,一般的
2.back
①Ann gave up driving when she backed the car into the
garage door. ______________
②[2023·全国乙卷] Several studies have backed this up and
found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and
memory. ______
使后退,使倒退
支持
3.badly
①They were taking a badly damaged boat from the Virgin
Islands to Miami to have it repaired.________
②The house was considerably out of repair and badly in need
of painting. ________
严重地
非常,很
4.balloon
[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] As cities balloon with growth, access to
nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to
find. __________
膨胀,激增
5.bear
①My mother couldn't bear waste—she always made us eat
everything on our plates. ______
②At Christmas the family all arrive at the house bearing gifts.
______
③When his wife bore him a child he could not hide his delight.
_________
④He had to bear the responsibility of leading the team
through the challenging project. ____________
容忍
携带
生(孩子)
承担，负担
Part Ⅰ 应用文写作
［2020·全国卷Ⅰ］ 你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值
得尊敬和爱戴的人为题,写一篇短文参赛,内容包括:
1.人物简介;
2.尊敬和爱戴的原因。
注意:1.词数100左右；
2.短文题目和首句已为你写好。
The person I respect
There are many respectable people around us. As for me,
my mother stands out as the person 1._______________
(我最尊敬的). 2.___________________________________________
______(尽管在一个小村庄出生并长大), my mother has become
3._________________________________(有影响力且成功的律师).
As a qualified lawyer, she has helped a lot of people with
her professionalism and dedication,
I respect most
Though born and brought up in a small village
an influential and successful lawyer
4._______________________________(在她的领域赢得了广泛的尊重).
5.___________________________________________________________
(她的责任感和产生影响的能力) have a deep influence on me.
6.__________________________(尽管非常忙), she still manages to
spare some time to keep me company. 7.____________________
_____________________________________(每当我在学习和生活中遇
到问题时), my mother will listen to me patiently and encourage
meto overcome them bravely.
My mother is the person 8.______________________________
_____________________(值得我衷心尊敬和深爱的).
earning wide respect in her field
Her sense of responsibility and power to make a difference
Despite being very busy
Whenever I come across problems in my study and life
who deserves my heartfelt respect and deep love
Part Ⅱ 读后续写
3.情感细节描写——恐惧与惊恐
【语言素材】
骇人的;恐怖的 scary/frightening/ terrifying 陷入恐慌 get into a panic
惊恐的,害怕的 scared/frightened /terrified 惊慌失措/惊恐 万分 be seized by
panic/horror
害怕地,惊恐地 in fright/fear/ terror/panic 因害怕而僵住了 be frozen/freeze
with fear
令人恐惧的;可 怕的 horrible 吓得要死 be scared to
death
恐惧;惊恐 horror/terror 使某人毛骨悚然 make one's hair
stand on end
害怕 fear 某人吓得心提到 了嗓子眼 have one's heart
in one's mouth
续表
颤抖,发抖 tremble/shake/sh iver 浑身颤抖 tremble all over
一股令人不寒而 栗的恐惧 a chilling wave of fear 被恐惧和不安所 吞噬 be consumed by
fear and unease
冷汗直流 with cold sweat pouring down one's body 瘫倒在地 collapse to the
ground
续表
【跟踪演练】
Ⅰ 单句表达
1.At the sight of the wolf, I _________________________________
______ and my palms were sweating.
一看到那只狼,我就被一种强烈的恐惧感所控制,手心冒汗。
was seized by a strong sense of horror
2.________________, he was ____________________ an inch.
他吓得僵住了,害怕得寸步难行。
Frozen with fear
too scared to move
3.When I heard the loud crash from the kitchen, I ____________
__________________, fearing something terrible had happened.
当我听到厨房传来的巨响时，我心都提到嗓子眼了，担心发生了什
么可怕的事情。
had my heart in my mouth
4.The horror movie we watched last night ____________________
________ with its terrifying scenes.
我们昨晚看的恐怖电影以其可怕的场景让我毛骨悚然。
made my hair stand on end
5.She _________________ when she heard the unexpected news,
feeling nervous and uneasy.
当她听到这个意外的消息时，她浑身颤抖，感到紧张不安。
trembled all over
6.He ____________________________, covered his eyes with his
hands and screamed loudly ________________________.
他惊慌失措,用手蒙住眼睛,惊恐地大声尖叫。
panicked/was seized by panic
in fright/fear/terror/panic
Ⅱ 语段表达(恐惧与惊恐)
I was walking deep in the thick forest when suddenly a
deafening roar broke the quietness. I 1._______________________
______(心提到了嗓子眼儿) as I turned to see a massive lion
emerging from the bushes.
For a moment, I was completely 2.________________
(吓得僵住了), unable to move a step and my mind
3.____________(变得一片空白). It was as if all my senses had
shut down 4.________________________(惊恐地), except for my
eyes, which were locked on the beast in front of me.
had my heart in my mouth
frozen with fear
went blank
in fright/fear/terror/panic
The lion took a step forward, its paws making no sound on
the soft forest floor. I felt 5.______________________(一股令人不
寒而栗的恐惧)wash over me. I 6._________________(浑身颤抖)
with 7.__________________________________(冷汗直流). Just then,
a sudden noise from the other side of the forest distracted the
lion. After what seemed to be ages, it turned its head
slightly,walked away from me and slowly disappeared into the
bushes. I 8.________________________(瘫倒在地), my legs giving
out beneath me. That encounter with the lion in the forest was
an experience that would be etched into my memory forever, a
terrifying reminder of the power and unpredictability of nature.
a chilling wave of fear
trembled all over
cold sweat pouring down my body
collapsed to the ground
作 业 手 册
(限时：35分钟)
Ⅰ 阅读理解
A[2024·湖北武汉武昌区高三二模]
文体：记叙文 主题：人与社会 词数：347
At the end of 2019, I learned that HereAfter AI, whose goal
is to let the living communicate with the dead, was looking for
applicants of its new AI project. Interested in what it was
promising, I applied to test the software on my very-much-alive
parents.
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At first, I thought it would be just a fun project to see
what was technologically possible. Then their health condition
added some urgency to the experiment. I was frightened that
my parents might die since my father had been diagnosed with
cancer and my mother was recently developing symptoms of
early Alzheimer's disease, and that with the distance between us,
I might never have the chance to say goodbye.
The first step was an interview. My parents were asked
questions by a technician for hours—about everything from their
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earliest memories to what they believe will happen after they
die. Whether through illness-generated concerns or a willingness
to humour their daughter, my parents put up zero resistance.
The company then took their responses and started to create
the voice assistants. A few months later, my virtual parents
arrived via e-mail attachment.
When I communicated with them through the app on my
phone, my hands were shaking. I hadn't seen my actual, real
parents for six months. They told me personal stories I'd never
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heard. They gave me life advice and told me things about their
childhoods, as well as my own. It was mesmerizing.
Personally, I have mixed feelings about my experiment. I'm
glad to have my virtual parents. They've enabled me to learn
new things about my parents, and it's comforting to think that
those bots will be there even when my parents aren't. On the
other hand, I can't help but find it sad that it took a stranger
interviewing my parents for me to properly appreciate the
complex people they are. But I feel lucky to have had the
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chance to grasp that—and to still have the precious opportunity
to spend more time with them and learn more about them,
face to face, no technology involved.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者参与HereAfter AI
项目，通过AI技术与虚拟的父母进行交流的经历和感受。
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( )1.Why did the author initially join the AI project
A.To preserve her parents' voice.
B.To test out the new technology.
C.To learn more about her parents' life.
D.To remove the worry about her parents' health.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段中“At first, I thought it would be
just a fun project to see what was technologically possible.”可知，
作者加入这个项目的主要目的是测试新技术可能是什么样子。故选B。
√
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( )2.What can we learn about the author's parents
A.They liked talking a lot.
B.They died of the illnesses.
C.They provided data for the project.
D.They opposed joining the project at first.
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[解析] 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“My parents were asked
questions by a technician for hours—about everything from their
earliest memories to what they believe will happen after they
die. Whether through illness-generated concerns or a willingness
to humour their daughter, my parents put up zero resistance.
The company then took their responses and started to create
the voice assistants.”可知，作者的父母为项目提供了数据。故选C。
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( )3.What does the underlined word “mesmerizing” mean in
Paragraph 4
A.Fascinating. B.Alarming. C.Inspiring. D.Entertaining.
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据第四段中“I hadn't seen my actual, real
parents for six months. They told me personal stories I'd never
heard. They gave me life advice and told me things about their
childhoods, as well as my own.”可知，作者的虚拟父母向她讲述了
她以前从没听过的个人故事，这令人着迷。所以画线词与
fascinating“令人着迷的”意思相同。故选A。
√
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( )4.What does the author realize at last
A.AI means never saying goodbye to our parents.
B.The real connection with our parents matters most.
C.The advances in AI technology have pros and cons.
D.AI allows us to learn more about our virtual parents.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But I feel lucky to have had
the chance to grasp that—and to still have the precious
opportunity to spend more time with them and learn more
about them, face to face, no technology involved.”可知，作者意
识到了与父母的真实的联系是最重要的。故选B。
√
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B[2024·广东广州华南师大附中高考适应性测试]
文体：说明文 主题：人与社会 词数：348
Increased involvement from grandparents can be crucial in a
child's development. From helping children navigate stressful
situations to giving kids that little extra bit of love and care,
grandparents play an important role in the well-being of a child.
Now, there's scientific data to back this up.
According to a study of over 1,500 children, conducted by
Professor Ann Buchanan from the Department of Social Policy
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and Intervention at the University of Oxford in the United
Kingdom, children who have tight-knit relationships with their
grandparents tend to have fewer problems, both emotionally
and when it comes to their behaviour. Besides, children also
have less difficulty when interacting and maintaining relationships
with others.
Kimberly Agresta, the co-founder of Englewood's Agresta
Psychotherapy Group, has also noticed in a study the significant
benefits of allowing grandparents to be more involved in
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children's lives. “If parents regularly involve grandparents in their
child's life early on, a child can develop real emotional closeness
to their grandparents and begin to see them as a source of
strong social support,” she stated in an interview. “So a child
will feel they have other adults, aside from their parents, who
care about them in the same way, and this adds to their sense
of stability and security.”
She continued, “Stressful situations are less impactful to
such children because they have other people in their lives who
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they have these attachments to and support from.” This is
because grandparents are generally not responsible for
disciplining or raising the child, and they're able to love the
child a little more freely and unconditionally than a parent,
Agresta explained.
“Grandparents are a wealth of knowledge and information,
and not only can they pass on valuable skills from real-life
experience, but they can also share the past with their
grandchildren,” added Agresta. “They can serve as historians,
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sharing various traditions and stories about when their own
children were growing up, which creates a sense of continuity
for a child.” So it looks like it may be time to set up a play
date for your kids with their grandparents!
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了有祖父母陪伴的孩子
在情感和行为方面的问题更少，和他人相处更容易。
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( )5.What is the impact of children spending time with
grandparents according to Buchanan's study
A.Improved social skills.
B.Lower intelligence level.
C.Better academic performance.
D.Increased behavioural problems.
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[解析] 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“…who have tight-knit
relationships with their grandparents tend to have fewer
problems, both emotionally and when it comes to their
behaviour. Besides, children also have less difficulty when
interacting and maintaining relationships with others.”可知，根据
Buchanan的研究，孩子花时间和祖父母在一起会提高社交能力。故
选A项。
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( )6.How does Agresta probably describe grandparents'
treating their grandchildren
A.More critical. B.More positive.
C.Less supportive. D.Less judgemental.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“This is because grandparents
are generally not responsible for disciplining or raising the child,
and they're able to love the child a little more freely and
unconditionally than a parent, Agresta explained.”可推知，Agresta
认为祖父母对孙子(女)不会过分挑剔。故选D项。
√
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( )7.What does Agresta talk about in the last paragraph
A.The features of grandparents' love.
B.Various roles grandparents take on.
C.The typical qualities of grandparents.
D.Grandparents' advantages over parents.
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[解析] 段落大意题。根据文章最后一段“‘Grandparents are a wealth
of knowledge and information, and not only can they pass on
valuable skills from real-life experience, but they can also share
the past with their grandchildren,’ added Agresta. ‘They can
serve as historians, sharing various traditions and stories about
when their own children were growing up, which creates a
sense of continuity for a child.’”可知，作者在最后一段讲述了祖父
母在孙子孙女的生活中扮演的角色。故选B项。
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( )8.How does the author mainly organize the text
A.By quoting a few people's opinions.
B.By analysing two scientific surveys.
C.By giving the findings of two studies.
D.By making comparisons between studies.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据文章第二段对Ann Buchanan研究的介绍以
及第三、四、五段对Kimberly Agresta的研究的介绍可知，文章是通
过介绍两个研究的发现来组织全文的。故选C项。
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C[2024·福建泉州高三适应性测试]
文体：说明文 主题：人与社会 词数：335
“You're so smart!”—this encouraging response to children's
maths performance is commonly heard. Recently, a new study,
conducted by the University of Georgia, found that encouraging
children with responses related to their personal characteristics
or inborn abilities might weaken their maths motivation and
achievement over time.
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Parents who make comments linking their children's
performance to personal characteristics like intelligence are using
what's referred to as person responses. In contrast, parents who
link their children's actions, such as efforts or strategy use, to
their performance are using process responses.
For the study, researchers asked more than 500 parents to
report on how they responded to their children's maths
performance and their maths belief and goals. Children were
assessed in two waves across a year to measure their maths
motivation and achievement.
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The results show that parents who view maths ability as
changeable are more likely to give process responses focused
on their children's strategy use and efforts rather than their
intelligence or other personal characteristics. In contrast, parents
who believe maths ability is unchangeable and that maths failure
can't be constructive give more person responses. Parents with
high expectations for their children give a combination of both
responses. While responses highlighting strategy and efforts are
not related to any achievement outcomes, children who receive
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more responses about their personal characteristics—in particular,
related to failure—are more likely to avoid harder maths
problems, exhibit higher levels of maths anxiety, and score lower
on maths achievement tests.
Because person responses predict poor maths adjustment in
children over time, researchers suggest parents limit this type of
responses at home. Another recommendation for parents is to
think about their own belief and goals for their kids and
examine how these might lead them to respond in person or
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process ways. Simply telling parents to avoid talking about
maths ability may not be enough. Focusing less on how children
perform and more on their strategy and enjoyment of maths
might be a more effective way to enhance motivation.
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【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是父母对孩子的数学学
习做出的不同反应，会对孩子产生不同的作用；用与个人特征或天
生能力相关的反应来鼓励孩子，可能会削弱他们的数学动机和成绩。
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( )9.Which of the following is an example of process
responses
A.You are a lucky dog.
B.Running is in your blood.
C.What works well for your study
D.Why are you such a maths genius
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[解析] 推理判断题。根据第二段中“In contrast, parents who link
their children's actions, such as efforts or strategy use, to their
performance are using process responses.”可知，将孩子的行为与
他们的表现联系起来的父母使用的是过程反应，分析四个选项可知，
只有C项“What works well for your study ”(什么对你的学习有效？)
将孩子的行为与表现联系起来，属于过程反应，故选C。
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( )10.What can be inferred from the study results
A.Parents prefer to give more process responses.
B.Children are more likely to be affected by maths anxiety.
C.Process responses help with children's maths achievement.
D.Person responses can discourage children from learning maths.
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[解析] 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“While responses
highlighting strategy and efforts are not related to any
achievement outcomes, children who receive more responses
about their personal characteristics—in particular, related to
failure—are more likely to avoid harder maths problems, exhibit
higher levels of maths anxiety, and score lower on maths
achievement tests.”可推理出，父母对孩子采用人格反馈，会阻碍孩
子学习数学，故选D。
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( )11.What do researchers advise parents to do
A.Restrict person responses.
B.Defend their own belief.
C.Stress children's performance.
D.Ignore children's maths problems.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Because person responses
predict poor maths adjustment in children over time, researchers
suggest parents limit this type of responses at home.”可知，专
家建议父母限制使用人格反馈，故选A。
√
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( )12.Which can be a suitable title for the text
A.The strategy children adopt to learn maths helps
B.The way parents talk to children on maths matters
C.Responses to enhance children's maths performance
D.Suggestions for parents to teach their children maths
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[解析] 主旨大意题。通读整篇文章，尤其是根据第一段中“Recently,
a new study, conducted by the University of Georgia, found that
encouraging children with responses related to their personal
characteristics or inborn abilities might weaken their maths
motivation and achievement over time.”可知，文章主要内容是说
父母对孩子的数学学习做出的不同反应，会对孩子产生不同的作用；
用与个人特征或天生能力相关的反应来鼓励孩子，可能会削弱他们
的数学动机和成绩。所以B项“The way parents talk to children on
maths matters”(父母与孩子谈论数学问题的方式很重要)可作为本文
的题目，故选B。
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Ⅱ 应用文写作［2024·浙江杭州高三二模］
本学期你校开设了每周一节的英语文学阅读课，请你就此写一
篇短文向学校英文报Student Voice栏目投稿，内容包括：
1.课程介绍(目的、内容、上课方式等);
2.你的收获。
注意：写作词数应为80个左右。
English literature reading class opens a new world
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version:
English literature reading class opens a new world
I'm excited to share my experience of the weekly English
literature reading class.
Starting this semester, the class is designed specifically for
us to enhance our English proficiency. Each week this class
unfolds with a new literary masterpiece ranging from classic
novels to contemporary poetry. Through interactive discussions,
group readings, and insightful analyses, we are able to explore
the depths of literature.
Not only does reading literature give me great enjoyment,
but I've honed my critical thinking skills. Moreover, the class
has sparked a newfound passion for literature within me,
igniting my desire to explore further in the vast world of
English letters. It has undoubtedly been a highlight of this
academic semester.
A.词汇积累
1.promise v.许诺；保证；预示
2.illness-generated adj.疾病引发的
3.virtual adj.虚拟的；很接近的；事实上的
4.attachment n.(电子邮件的) 附件；(机器的) 附加装置；爱慕;忠诚
5.back up支持；证实……的话；备份；倒车；后退
6.tight-knit adj.关系密切的；紧密团结的
7.stability n.稳定(性)；稳固(性)
8.discipline v.管教;处罚；自我控制 n.自制力;纪律;学科
9.highlight v.突出；强调；使醒目 n.最好或最精彩的部分
B.熟词生义
1.put up进行(抵抗)；张贴；举起；建造；留宿
Whether through illness-generated concerns or a willingness to
humour their daughter, my parents put up zero resistance.
(阅读A， Para.3)
【译文】无论是出于对疾病的担忧，还是出于对女儿的迁就，我的
父母都没有任何的抵触。
2.navigate v.找到正确方法(对付困难复杂的情况)；导航；驾驭
From helping children navigate stressful situations to giving kids
that little extra bit of love and care, grandparents play an
important role in the well-being of a child.(阅读B, Para.1)
【译文】从帮助孩子应对压力到给孩子一点额外的爱和照顾，祖父
母在孩子的幸福生活中扮演着重要的角色。
C.长难句分析
According to a study of over 1,500 children, conducted by
Professor Ann Buchanan from the Department of Social Policy
and Intervention at the University of Oxford in the United
Kingdom, children who have tight-knit relationships with their
grandparents tend to have fewer problems, both emotionally
and when it comes to their behaviour.(阅读B, Para.2)
【分析】conducted by…是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰study；
who引导定语从句，修饰主句主语children；主句的谓语和宾语分别
是tend和to have fewer problems；when引导时间状语从句。
【译文】根据英国牛津大学社会政策与干预系的安·布坎南教授对
1500多名儿童进行的一项研究，与祖父母关系密切的孩子在情绪和
行为方面出现的问题往往更少。
快速核答案
高中英语 必修第一册
Unit 3 Family matters
听课手册
●语境词汇串记
1.professional 2.watched 3.for 4.memory 5.regularly 6.to
settle 7.approached 8.Hearing 9.an 10.and
●考点互动探究
单词点睛
1.（1）learning （2）①方法 ②着手处理 ③接洽
（3）①Upon/On approaching the house ②with the College
Entrance Examination approaching/drawing near/around the
corner;as the College Entrance Examination is
approaching/drawing near/around the corner
2.（1）①on/upon ②focused （2）①focus on what the
teachers say ②with all the eyes focused on her
3.（1）①for ②respectful ③respectable
（2）①had/showed respect for/to nature and its creatures
②more details in respect of/with respect to this event
③give/send my respects to your parents
4.（1）①to help ②to give ③aimless （2）①is aimed at
helping and protecting her child ②With the aim of
helping;Aiming to help/Aiming at helping
5.（1）①observation ②to leave （2）①遵守 ②庆祝
（3）observed the sun rise/rising from
6.①ranging from poems to paintings ②a wide/broad range
of courses
7.（1）apology （2）apologised to their teacher for;made an
apology to their teacher for
8.（1）settlement （2）①v.定居 ②v.解决 ③v.平静下来
（3）①settled her on the sofa ②settle （down） to doing
the task
短语储存
1.①jumped （up） in/with excitement ②jumped （up）
with/for joy ③jumped at the chance ④jump in with both
feet ⑤jumped to his feet
2.①leave out some unnecessary words ②leave for our
Destination ③I was left behind ④Left alone at home
⑤leave aside our differences
句型透视
1.①we would/could/might help him to earn money
②I hadn‘t come ③were there
2.（1）①dressed ②Using （2）①based on their interests,
learning goals or language abilities ②Faced with/Facing
challenges
●当堂过关检测
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.strength 2.apologise 3.to promote 4.gathering
5.Obviously 6.admiration,powerful 7.national 8.professional
9.talented 10.memorable 11.responsible 12.qualified
13.judgement 14.Seated
Ⅱ 短语填空
1.a wide/broad range of 2.focusing on 3.in the
lead 4.make up for 5.settle for 6.jump in with both
feet 7.leave behind 8.calmed down
Ⅲ 句型训练
1.How I wish I could participate in 2.with 100 metres to
go 3.Defeated again 4.Despite the bad weather
●语言素养提升
Ⅰ 动词变形练
1.begun 2.beginning 3.bent 4.bet 5.bit 6.was
bitten 7.blew
Ⅱ 构词法规则
1.不完美的 2.不合适地 3.不能,无力 4.微不足道的
5.不相关的，无关紧要的
Ⅲ 熟词生义练
1.①平均,平均数 ②普通的,一般的
2.①使后退,使倒退 ②支持
3.①严重地 ②非常,很 4.膨胀,激增
5.①容忍 ②携带 ③生(孩子) ④承担,负担
●写作素养提升
Part Ⅰ 应用文写作
1.I respect most
2.Though born and brought up in a small village
3.an influential and successful lawyer
4.earning wide respect in her field
5.Her sense of responsibility and power to make a difference
6.Despite being very busy
7.Whenever I come across problems in my study and life
8.who deserves my heartfelt respect and deep love
Part Ⅱ 读后续写
3.情感细节描写——恐惧与惊恐
【跟踪演练】
Ⅰ.1.was seized by a strong sense of horror 2.Frozen with fear;
too scared to move 3.had my heart in my mouth
4.made my hair stand on end 5.trembled all over
6.panicked/was seized by panic; in fright/fear/terror/panic
Ⅱ.1.had my heart in my mouth 2.frozen with fear
3.went blank 4.in fright/fear/terror/panic
5.a chilling wave of fear 6.trembled all over
7.cold sweat pouring down my body 8.collapsed to the ground
作业手册
Ⅰ 阅读理解
1.B 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.C 9.C 10.D 11.A
12.B
Ⅱ 应用文写作
略
