Unit 4 Friends forever
● 语境词汇串记
1.significant 2.As 3.anxious 4.qualities 5.distance
6.to make 7.where 8.unfolding 9.that 10.blindly
● 考点互动探究
单词点睛
(1)①preference ②to stay
(2)①preferred to jog/jogging behind her ②prefer playing; exercising; prefer to play; rather than exercise
(1)①to ②delivered; delivery (2)①接生 ②发表
(3)to have an opportunity to deliver a speech here
(1)advanced (2)①促进 ②预先的
(3)in advance/ahead of time
(1)tendency (2)照看,照料
(3)tend to recall the wonderful moments of my childhood
(1)①anxiety ②anxiously
(2)①was breathless/held their breath with anxiety/anxiously
②anxious to witness the final surprise ③Excited but anxious
(1)①distant ②from (2)in the distance
(1)Fortunately (2)①运气 ②巨款 ③命运
(3)am fortunate to get an opportunity; have the good fortune to get an opportunity
(1)struck (2)①让(某人)觉得,给(某人以……)印象
②碰撞 ③划(火柴) ④敲响(钟) ⑤突然想到
(3)①It struck/hit/occurred to me that
②were all struck with/by her kindness
短语储存
①Keep/Bear in mind ②make/made up my mind
③came/sprang to mind ④With; in mind
⑤flashed through/crossed my mind
(1)①算出 ②想出,拟出 ③理解,明白 ④进展顺利 ⑤锻炼
(2)①work out as we had expected ②Working out in the morning
(1)①turned around ②turned; down ③turn over
④turn up (2)①which turned out to be a great success
②turn to; for useful suggestions
句型透视
①whichever suits you best ②However/No matter how serious a problem ③Whenever/No matter when I felt down/sad
(1)①Hoping ②Having worked
(2)①Giving him an apologetic smile ②Holding my hands
③Not knowing how to get in touch with him
● 当堂过关检测
Ⅰ.1.humorous 2.to seek 3.appointment 4.distant
5.advanced 6.to stay 7.preference 8.delivery
9.anxious fortably 11.inspiring 12.To maintain
13.Patience 14.fortunate 15.location
Ⅱ.1.lost track of/lost contact/touch with 2.ought to
3.keep/bear in mind 4.turned up 5.work out 6.ashamed of 7.heard from 8.Thanks to
Ⅲ.1.As the saying goes
2.Whatever/No matter what happens
3.Stepping onto the stage
4.How I was going to tell my parents the truth
● 语言素养提升
Ⅰ.1.blown 2.broke 3.have broken 4.brought
5.buried 6.burst 7.bought
Ⅱ.1.不可预测的,难以预料的 2.平安无事的,平凡的
3.未被赞美的 4.无法确认的 5.不被承认的
Ⅲ.1.①账单 ②开账(罚)单 ③议案,法案
2.①空的 ②茫然的,无表情的
3.①阻碍;堵塞 ②一段街区
4.忧郁的;悲伤的
5.①隆隆声,轰鸣 ②迅速发展
● 写作素养提升
Part Ⅰ 应用文写作
1.With the summer exchange in Paris coming to an end
2.which records our shared moments and wonderful memories
3.As a forever reminder of our friendship
4.enables us to stay inspired and comforted
5.generous, patient, and humorous spirit
6.look forward to the day you visit China
7.bear in mind
8.staying in touch with me
Part Ⅱ 读后续写
4.情感细节描写——感激与感动
【跟踪演练】
Ⅰ.1.heartfelt gratitude 2.expressed/extended our sincere gratitude to him 3.tears of gratitude/appreciation 4.moved/touched to tears 5.keeps me touched all the time
Ⅱ.1.tears welled up in her eyes 2.expressing/extending her heartfelt gratitude 3.Tears of gratitude/appreciation
4.Moved/Touched beyond words 5.showed gratitude/appreciation to her teammates 6.warmed her heart/soul
7.owed a debt of gratitude to her family/was much grateful/thankful to her familyUnit 4 Friends forever
●ⅠA
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于友谊的研究,研究人员认为友谊和亲密关系是主观的,但是依然可以设定一些标准来帮助人们判断是否需要更多的朋友。
1.D 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“‘It’s a natural question,’ Dr Holt-Lunstad said about the ‘ideal’ number of friends. ‘Just like we have guidelines and recommendations for the amount of sleep we get and how physically active we are, this is health relevant.’”可知,Holt-Lunstad博士认为友谊是幸福的关键因素。故选D。
2.D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“But friendship and intimacy are subjective, and there isn’t a widely used scale researchers share to define those concepts across studies. It’s also unclear how social media factors into all of this, as research suggests the size of a person’s online network may not have any meaningful impact on their perceived well-being.”可知,Degges-White博士的研究忽略了社交媒体因素的影响。故选D。
3.C 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“‘Also, different people bring out different parts of us. So when you have a larger friend group, you’re able to experience this side of yourself that loves golf, and this side that loves cars,’ she added. ‘If you feel like your identity has sort of shrunk, or you’re not feeling quite like yourself, that might indicate you need different types of friends.’”可知,Franco认为当你觉得自己的个性受到了限制时,你就应该交朋友了。故选C。
4.A 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The amount of time you actually spend with your friends matters, too. Franco suggests that on average, very close friendships tend to take around 200 hours to develop.”可知,Franco认为花在朋友身上的时间在维持友谊方面很重要。故选A。
B
【文章大意】 本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“原谅是否违背人类本性”这一主题进行了深入的探讨和论证,通过对比不同的人类本性观点,分析了原谅在个体和社区中的作用和意义。
5.D 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them.”可知,Droll认为宽恕者违背了他们的本性,对他们造成了很大的伤害,他认为宽恕者宽恕他人的同时,也在损害自己的幸福。故选D。
6.B 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony ”可知,作者以奴隶制为例,以反问的方式,阐明了支配和控制他人并不能带来真正的和谐或幸福,即控制就是伤害。故选B。
7.A 推理判断题。根据文章第三段可知,作者从原谅的第二种观点出发,分析了原谅的积极作用,作者认为原谅在个体和社区生物学和心理学完整性中起着关键作用,指出原谅能够帮助减少仇恨、恢复和谐,并且能够打破愤怒的循环。作者还提到原谅可以治愈关系,让人们重新建立联系。又根据最后一段中“We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive.”可知,作者认为我们有潜力去学习原谅,并在使用原谅的能力过程中成长。这些都表明作者对原谅持有支持的态度。故选A。
8.C 段落大意题。最后一段主要传达了原谅需要实践的信息。作者通过引用古典哲学中关于潜在性和实际性的观点,指出我们并不是天生就具备原谅的能力,而是需要通过学习和实践来培养和发展这种能力。因此,原谅并不是一种自然而然的行为,而是需要我们付出努力去实践的。故选C。
●Ⅱ【文章大意】 本文为一篇说明文,介绍了友谊的重要性、好处和交朋友的方法。
1.G 前文“Whether you have one or two besties or are part of a group, building and keeping friendships is a skill we all learn.”表明建立和保持友谊是重要技能,后文“Research shows it might even help you fight off colds.”说明友谊能帮助我们抵御疾病,G选项(友谊不仅能鼓舞他人,也能提升你的健康。)说明友谊的好处,引出下文。故选G。
2.C 空前“You don’t expect the other person to be fun all the time.”表明朋友不会一直有趣,C选项(你要知道对方哪天过得不好。)表示朋友也会有无趣的时候,为前一句的补充。故选C。
3.B 空前“Experts say good friendship is a strong, stable connection. It makes you feel positive and it’s not one-sided.”可知,友谊不是单方面的,是相互的,B选项(当你们需要友谊的时候,你们都给予对方支持。)表示友谊是双方的。故选B。
4.D 空前“Good friends are good for your health because they make you feel happy, confident and less stressed. Sharing your feelings and ideas with someone else isn’t just fun.”表明与朋友分享感受和想法的好处,D选项(它建立信任,帮助你们更好地了解对方。)补充说明其好处。故选D。
5.E 后文“Making time for your mates sounds obvious but it’s not always easy to see them when you are busy. Try sending a message or arranging a walk or bike ride to have time to chat. Talking about your feelings lets your friends know you trust them and gives them a chance to do the same. If you think a friend is feeling down, find a quiet moment to ask if everything’s OK and listen closely to their answers.”可知,本段在讲交朋友的一些做法,E选项(交朋友是我们可以学习的最重要的技能之一。)总领下文,符合语境。故选E。
●Ⅲ【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了脆弱是人的本性,我们唯一能做的就是承认自己的脆弱,这样才能有助于我们与他人建立健康的关系。
1.D 根据后文“It’s part of human…because we are vulnerable in some way at all times.”可知,脆弱是人的本质,因为我们在某些方面始终是脆弱的,故此处指脆弱是我们生活中的现实,故选D。goal目标;trick诡计,戏法;secret秘密;reality现实。
2.A 根据空后doors to deeper connections以及“…or build walls that prevent progress and fulfillment.”可知,如何处理脆弱决定了我们是为更深的联系打开门,还是筑起一道墙,设空处与build walls形成对比,指“打开大门”,故选A。open打开;decorate装饰;close关闭;design设计。
3.C 根据空后“…the state of being exposed to the possibility of being harmed, either physically or emotionally.”可知,空后提到身体上和情感上被伤害,是对脆弱的解释,故选C。turn out结果是,证明是;consist of包括,由……组成;refer to指的是;rely on依靠。
4.D 根据空后“…because we are vulnerable in some way at all times.”可知,我们在某些方面始终都是脆弱的,故此处指脆弱是人的本性的一部分,故选D。habit习惯;faith信任;right权利;nature自然,本性,天性。
5.B 根据语境及上文“We are vulnerable to viruses, accidents, misunderstandings and pains caused by whatever reasons.”以及下文“When some people claim that they have no vulnerability,they are…to develop meaningful social connections with others.”、“Indeed, it’s not easy for us to admit our vulnerability in front of others.”可知,脆弱是现实,我们容易受到伤害,此处指我们唯一的选择是是否承认我们的脆弱,故选B。approach方法;option选择;experience经验,经历;reason原因。
6.D 根据后文“Indeed, it’s not easy for us to admit our vulnerability in front of others.”可知,后文提到事实上,我们很难在他人面前承认我们的脆弱,故此处指我们唯一的选择就是是否承认我们的脆弱,故选D。follow跟随;analyse分析;remove去除;acknowledge承认。
7.C 根据下文“No one likes to spend much time with people who are dishonest…”可知,没有人喜欢和这样的人在一起,故他们很难与他人建立有意义的社会联系,故选C。eager渴望的,热切的;tired疲倦的,厌倦的;difficult困难的;excited兴奋的。
8.C 根据前文“…because we are vulnerable in some way at all times.”可知,我们在某些方面始终都是脆弱的,故此处指一些人声称他们不脆弱是在骗人,故选C。hesitate犹豫;complain抱怨;cheat欺骗;wait等待。
9.B 根据空前who are dishonest可知,空前提到没人喜欢和不诚实的人交朋友,故此处指人们也不喜欢和那些不愿意敞开心扉的人交朋友,故选B。motivated有动机的;unwilling不愿意的;puzzled困惑的;unafraid不害怕的。
10.A 结合上文“…develop meaningful social connections with others.”以及“No one likes to spend much time with people…”可知,本段与和别人建立社会联系有关,故此处指友谊的形成,故选A。friendship友谊;wealth财富;performance表演;thought想法。
11.D 根据in order to protect ourselves可知,为了保护自己,我们倾向于与恐惧做斗争,故选D。deal处理;meet遇见;agree同意;struggle和……做斗争。
12.C 根据上文“…a great…starts by exchanging each other’s vulnerability.”以及下文instead of laughing at us可知,友谊始于双方交换各自的脆弱,我们对别人展示脆弱时也是在发出信号,他们也可以安全地和我们分享他们的焦虑,不用担心自己被嘲笑,从而建立友谊,故选C。obviously明显地;cautiously谨慎地;safely安全地,毫无风险地;gratefully感激地。
13.D 根据前文“Indeed, it’s not easy for us to admit our vulnerability in front of others.”可知,在他人面前承认自己的脆弱不是一件容易的事情,故当我们与他人分享脆弱时,他们会尊重我们的勇气,而不是嘲笑我们,故选D。preference偏爱;decision决定;emotion情感;bravery勇气。
14.A 根据前文under this shared circumstance可知,在这种相互分享自己的脆弱的情况下,我们相互尊重,互相鼓励,故受到脆弱的影响也会变少,故选A。affect影响;impress使钦佩;occupy使忙于;touch感动。
15.B 结合第一段中提到的deeper connections以及本段内容可知,此处是在描述人际交往中的情况,展示脆弱可以加深联系,故此处指加强了和别人之间的关系,故选B。characteristic特征,特点;relationship关系;action行动;standard标准。 Friendship plays a 1. (significance) role in our life. 2. the saying goes, “No one would choose to live without friends, even if he had all other goods.” We all long for friends because true friends can be inspiring. They bring us support and comfort when we are 3. (anxiety). They share our life adventures. Besides, friendship helps shape our personality. We acquire important 4. (quality) such as patience, generosity and humour by interacting with friends.
In the past, friendship was sometimes a matter of destiny. When surroundings and locations changed, friends could only communicate by corresponding over a long 5. (distant). It was not unusual that they lost track of each other. The familiar partners might never turn up again.
Nowadays, we are living in a digital age. Advances in technology enable us 6. (make) friends and maintain friendship online. With a Wi-Fi connection, we can visit the social media sites 7. people tend to post updates on their everyday life. With several clicks, we can find a completely new world 8. (unfold) before us.
However, online friendship can be bitter. Not all online friends are trustworthy. The one who is passionate about chatting with us might be a criminal. But we ought not to throw the baby out with the bathwater. My proposition is 9. we should be cautious and friendly online and not trust strangers 10. (blind).
prefer v.(preferred, preferred, preferring)更喜欢;宁愿
(1)prefer doing/to do sth 偏爱做某事
prefer sb to do sth 想要某人做某事
prefer (doing) sth to (doing) sth 比起(做)……更喜欢(做)……
prefer to do…rather than do… 宁愿做……而不愿做……
(2)preference n. 喜爱;偏爱
have a preference for 偏爱;喜爱
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2021·天津卷] Kids with (prefer) for the arts have a greater chance of finding employment in the future.
②Unlike fast food places, fine dining shops prefer customers (stay) longer.
(2)完成句子/句式改写
①Although they could run faster than Emma, they (更喜欢跟在她后面慢跑), bursting out laughing every now and then and commenting on how Emma jogged. (读后续写之动作描写)
②I would play sports with friends rather than exercise by myself.
→I sports with friends to by myself. (同义句改写)
→I sports with friends by myself. (同义句改写)
deliver v.递送,传送,运载;发表,宣布;助产,接生
(1)deliver…to… 把……递送给……
deliver a speech 发表演说
deliver a baby 接生
(2)delivery n. 递送;分娩
express delivery 快递
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①We promise to deliver the goods your door within 48 hours of your ordering.
②[译林必修三U3] You can have food to you using food apps and sites. (deliver)
(2)熟词生义
①[人教必修三U2] Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”, having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.
②[译林选三U3] The next day, President Roosevelt delivered his famous Pearl Harbor Speech.
(3)完成句子
As a student representative, I am very honoured (有机会在这里发表演讲). (应用文写作
之演讲稿)
advance n.前进;进步,进展;预付款 v.前进;促进;发展;提前,提早;预付 adj.预先的,事先的
(1)in advance(=ahead of time) 预先,提前
make advances in(=advance in) 在……方面取得进步/进展
(2)advance on/towards… 朝……前进
(3)advanced adj. 先进的;高等
的;高级的;
晚期的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
[2024·新课标Ⅱ卷] The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or (advance) walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow’s mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks.
(2)熟词生义
①[2020·全国新高考Ⅰ卷] She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing.
②It is a popular show, so advance booking is essential.
(3)完成句子
I’d appreciate it if you would let me know (提前) whether you are available or not. (应用文写作之邀请信)
tend v.往往会;倾向;趋于;照料
(1)tend to do sth 倾向于/往往会做某事
tend (to) sb/sth 照料/护理某人/某物
(2)tendency n. 倾向,趋势
have a tendency to do sth 有做某事的倾向;往往会做某事
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
[人教选一U4] People have a (tend) to lean towards whatever they are interested in.
(2)熟词生义
[2020·浙江7月考] The lamb had become separated from its mother, so I jumped out of the tractor to tend to it while Don stayed in his seat.
(3)完成句子
Every time the night is quiet and peaceful, I (往往会回忆起童年的美好时光), filling my heart with warmth and nostalgia. (读后
续写之心理描写)
anxious adj.焦虑的,不安的;渴望的
(1)be anxious about sth 为某事担心
be anxious for sth 渴望某物
be anxious (for sb) to do sth
渴望(某人)做某事,急于(让某人)做某事
(2)anxiety n. 焦虑,忧虑,担心
with anxiety 焦虑地
(3)anxiously adv. 焦急地;忧虑地;渴望地
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①A look of (anxious) passed across his face.
②[《了不起的盖茨比》] Gatsby walked (anxious) up and down his dock, his heart pounding with anticipation.
(2)完成句子
①When they watched him climb up the cliff, everybody (焦虑地屏住了呼吸).
②We couldn’t contain our excitement, (急于见证最后的惊喜). (读后续写之情感描写)
③ (兴奋但又焦虑), everyone joined hands and decided to give it a shot. (读后续写之情感+动作描写)
distance v.拉开距离;与……疏远 n.距离;间距
(1)distance oneself (from…)
使自己(与……)拉开距离/(与……)疏远
(2)in the distance 在远处;在远方
from/at a distance 离一段距离;从远处
at a distance of… 在……远的地方;相隔……
keep one’s distance from…=keep…at a distance
与……保持距离;与……疏远
(3)distant adj. (时间或空间)遥远的;久远的;远处的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[上外必修一U3] Rome is one of the most ancient cities in the world and is full of wonderful relics from its (distance) past.
②I focused on surrounding myself with positive influences and chose to distance myself those who were not supportive.
(2)完成句子
The sound of laughter (在远处) lifted her spirits, making her forget her troubles for a moment. (读后续写之心理描写)
fortune n.大笔的钱,巨款;机会,运气;命运
(1)seek one’s fortune 寻找出路;寻找发财的机会
try one’s fortune 碰运气
make a/one’s fortune 发财
have the good fortune to do sth 有幸做某事
(2)fortunate adj. 运气好的;幸运的
be fortunate to do/in doing… 有幸做……
(3)fortunately adv. 幸运地
unfortunately adv. 不幸地;遗憾地
(4)misfortune n. 厄运,不幸
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
[2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] (fortunate) for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
(2)一词多义
①[2020·全国卷Ⅱ] Orange trees are more than decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.
②[北师选一U2] Sixteen years ago, Jason was a college professor with a huge six-bedroom house and a fortune of two million dollars.
③He said their ambitions and achievements would be closely tied to the fate and fortune of humankind this century.
(3)一句多译
我有幸得到一次沿丝绸之路旅行的机会。
→I to travel along the Silk Road. (adj.)
→I to travel along the Silk Road. (n.)
strike v.(struck, struck)打;碰撞;(突然)袭击;突然想到;让(某人)觉得,给(某人以……)印象;划(火柴);敲响(钟) n.罢工
(1)be struck with/by… 被……打动
sth strike(s) sb 某人突然想到某事
It strikes sb that…(=It hits sb/occurs to sb that…)
某人突然想到……
(2)be on strike 在罢工
go on strike 举行罢工
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
An earthquake (strike) this area last year, making many people homeless.
(2)一词多义
①[《汤姆·索亚历险记》] Bringing water from the town pump (泵) had always been hateful work in Tom’s eyes, before, but now it did not strike him so.
②Her car went out of control and struck an oncoming vehicle.
③It was dark in the room so he struck a match.
④[《汤姆·索亚历险记》] When it seemed to him that it must be nearly daylight, he heard the clock strike ten!
⑤A thought struck her. Was she jealous of her sister
(3)完成句子
① (我突然想到) playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team. (读后续写之心理描写)
②We (都被她的善良打动) when she donated her birthday gifts to a children’s hospital. (读后续写之情感描写)
keep/bear…in mind 记住……,将……记在心里
have…in mind 心里已有……
with…in mind 考虑到……,心中想着……
make up one’s mind (to do sth) 下定决心(做某事)
change one’s mind 改变主意
flash through/cross one’s mind 闪过某人的脑海
flood into one’s mind 涌进某人的脑海
come/spring to mind 突然记起(或想到)
read one’s mind 读懂某人的心思
[温馨提示] 当keep/bear…in mind的宾语是宾语从句时,常常把宾语从句后置,构成“keep/bear in mind that…”结构。
【活学活用】
完成句子
①[译林必修一U4] (记住) that your family and friends love you just the way you are.
②[人教选三U2] I (下定决心) to change two things in my life: to eat nothing with sugar and to exercise regularly.
③Just when we didn’t know what to do, Mantha’s kind smile (突然想到). (读后续写之心理描写)
④[2021·天津3月考] that thought (心里想着), Pruitt came up with a plan and posted it on the community website. (读后续写之心理+动作描写)
⑤The thought of escape (闪过我的脑海) but immediately I dismissed it as unrealistic. (读后续写之心理描写)
work out 解决;算出;想出,拟出(计划、安排);理解,明白;锻炼;进展顺利
【活学活用】
(1)一词多义
①Can you work out how much your holiday journey will cost
②The first thing that you should do is work out a plan.
③[2022·全国甲卷] The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
④You don’t have to be so disappointed. Things will work out well.
⑤She works out in the gym three times a week.
(2)完成句子
①Things did not (如我们所期望的那样进展顺利).
② (早上锻炼) provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit. (应用文写作话题之体育运动)
turn up 出现;到场;调高;发现
turn down 拒绝;关小,调低
turn on 打开
turn off 关闭
turn to 转向;求助于
turn in 上交
turn out 结果是;证明是;制造
turn around 转身;(生意或经济)好转
turn over 移交;(使)翻转
turn away 把某人拒之门外
turn away from 不再使用
【活学活用】
(1)用turn相关短语的适当形式填空
①[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷] Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus, , and looked at me with a big smile on his face.
②[人教选三U4] However, when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton me because he thought I was too young and wasn’t qualified.
③[《汤姆·索亚历险记》] The beetle (甲虫) lay there working its helpless legs, unable to .
④For several days, I waited at the same spot. But to my disappointment, he didn’t .
(2)完成句子
①Last week, our school organized an activity named “Happiness to Family”, (结果这次活动很成功). (应用文写作之活动介绍)
②Don’t forget to your parents, teachers, and career advisers (向……寻求有用的建议) before making the final decision. (应用文写作之建议信)
(教材P51) Whatever our hobbies, the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them, even if they live on the other side of the world.
不管我们的爱好是什么,因特网都能把我们和其他同样喜欢做这些事的人联系起来,哪怕他们住在世界的另一端。
whatever/no matter what引导让步状语从句
句型公式
【句式点拨】
本句含有两个让步状语从句,第一个是whatever引导的让步状语从句,而且句中出现了省略,完整形式应为“Whatever our hobbies are”,第二个是even if引导的让步状语从句。
【相关拓展】
(1)whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever既可引导名词性从句,又可引导让步状语从句;引导让步状语从句时相当于“no matter+what/which/who/whom”,引导名词性从句时只能用“疑问词+ever”;
(2)wherever, whenever, however一般引导让步状语从句,相当于“no matter+where/when/how”。
【活学活用】
完成句子
①A wide range of courses are provided, and you are free to choose (任何最适合你的课程). (应用文写作话题之学校
生活)
② (无论多么严重的问题) you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge. (应用文
写作之建议信)
③ (无论何时我感到难过时), the bird would always be singing and chirping, almost as if she sensed how I felt and wanted to lift my spirits. (读后续写之情
感描写)
(1)(教材P62) Stepping out of jail into the cold wind, Bob, now 58, felt lost and helpless.
走出监狱,迎着寒风,如今58岁的鲍勃感到迷茫而又无助。
(2)(教材P62) “Twenty years is a long time,” he smiled bitterly, not knowing where to go.
“二十年是一段很长的岁月,”他苦笑着,不知该去哪里。
现在分词(短语)作状语
句型公式
【句式点拨】
现在分词(短语)作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随等,在很多情况下可以转化成相应的状语从句或并列分句。 现在分词(短语)作状语时,句子的主语与现在分词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。在句(1)里,现在分词短语作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句“When he stepped out of jail into the cold wind”;在句(2)里,现在分词短语作伴随状语,可以转化为一个并列句“and he didn’t know where to go”。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2024·浙江1月考] (hope) to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “young professional”.
② (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
(2)完成句子/句式改写
①[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写] (给他一个歉意的微笑), I asked him for a delay in payment and promised to call him and return the money I owed him when I was back. (读后续写之动作描写)
②[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] (握着我的双手), he said, “Congratulations! You are a good writer, so keep writing.” (读后续
写之动作描写)
③Because I didn’t know how to get in touch with him, I turned to his brother.
→ , I turned to his brother. (用现在分词作状语改写)
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.His (humour) remarks left a significantly positive impression on the audience.
2.People who love adventure tend (seek) out new and exciting experiences.
3.I am writing to apologise for breaking our (appoint) yesterday because I had an unexpected emergency that required my immediate attention.
4.At some point in the (distance) future, I would like to acquire what I want.
5.To increase the capability of finding the target, (advance) digital signal processing technology is adopted.
6.The Internet enables us (stay) in contact with the outer world.
7.She has a (prefer) for cafés with a relaxed atmosphere, where she can enjoy a cup of coffee.
8.Due to a delay in production, we had to postpone the (deliver) of the goods by a week.
9.Faced with everything unfamiliar, the teenager felt (anxiety) and lonely.
10.He settled down (comfortable) in the chair and began to share his story.
11.Her (inspire) speech filled the audience with a sense of passion and motivation.
12. (maintain) sales growth, the company plans to launch a series of new bicycles.
13. (patient) and generosity are two virtues that define her as a kind and understanding person.
14.I’m (fortune) to have a partner who not only shares my values but also brings out the best in me.
15.The satellite enables us to calculate their precise (locate) anywhere in the world.
●Ⅱ 短语填空
1.After Jones had moved to London, we almost (与……失去联系) him.
2.We (应该) keep calm when we face danger instead of getting into a panic.
3.Consider and (牢记) why you want to make a change, including how the change reflects your values.
4.He (出现) on time for the appointment in the end.
5.I suggest that you (制订) a detailed plan before jumping in with both feet.
6.That is a shameful behaviour and he should feel (对……感到羞愧) what he has done.
7.I haven’t (收到……来信) him in months, and I bitterly regret not reaching out sooner.
8. (由于,多亏) his extraordinary talent and creativity, he was able to transform an ordinary idea into a groundbreaking invention.
●Ⅲ 句型训练
1. , “A hero is known in the time of misfortune”, and Zhong Nanshan is a hero like this.
正如俗话说的:“时势造英雄”,钟南山就是这样的英雄。
2. , remember that this too shall pass, and that better days are ahead.
无论发生什么,记住这一切都会过去,更好的日子在前方。
3. , he felt the passion of the audiences. (分词作状语)
一走上舞台,他就感受到了观众们的热情。
4. put me on the spot. (主语从句)
我要如何把真相告诉我的父母,这让我很为难。
●Ⅰ 动词变形练
1.He had his chance of success (blow) because of carelessness, leaving him filled with regret.
2.He (break) his promise and there wasn’t a thing we could do about it.
3.The gate was wide open when he got home—someone must (break) into his house.
4.I was deeply impressed with the changes (bring) about by the project.
5.Over the centuries, the city of Pompeii, (bury) under the ashes, was entirely forgotten by the world.
6.She couldn’t contain her excitement and
(burst) into laughter.
7.Bill (buy) his wife a valuable birthday present last month, a ring decorated with jewels.
●Ⅱ 构词法规则
构词法 否定前缀un-表示“不”、“ 非”、“使丧失”、“未”等
指出下列黑体词的含义
1.[2024·全国甲卷] You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters.
2.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] The flight was uneventful, and Tiffy was a great passenger.
3.[2023·全国乙卷] Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home.
4.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷改编] The impact of the programme is unidentifiable.
5.[2021·全国甲卷] When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different colour or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
●Ⅲ 熟词生义练
指出下列黑体词在句中的不同含义
1.bill
①If this bill is not paid within five days, your gas supply will be cut off.
②He has been billed for not parking in the right place.
③[2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, “people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cellphone.”
2.blank
①[2020·浙江7月考] We yelled at the bear, hit pots hard, and fired blank shotgun shells into the air.
②The stranger returned my greeting with a blank look. Obviously, he was puzzled by my sudden arrival.
3.block
①[2020·全国卷Ⅰ] The moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe.
②His apartment is three blocks away from the police station.
4.blue
He wore a blue expression on his face, revealing the depths of his sadness and heartache.
5.boom
①The stillness of the night was broken by the boom of fireworks.
②Since last year, the agriculture in this village has been booming.
Part Ⅰ 应用文写作
假定你是李华,即将结束在巴黎的暑期交换学习。离别之际,你为一起学习的英国室友Chris准备了一份礼物。请为这份礼物附上一张便条或一封邮件,内容包括:
1.礼物简介;
2.意义阐述;
3.临别祝福。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Dear Chris,
1. (随着巴黎夏季交流活动的结束), I have prepared a special digital photo album as a token of our time together, 2. (它记录了我们的共同时刻和美好回忆).
3. (作为我们友谊的永恒提醒物), each picture corresponds to a story, from our initial hesitations to the deep conversations we had. It 4. (让我们一直受到鼓舞和安慰) by the 5. (慷慨、耐心和幽默的精神) you brought into our shared space.
As we part ways, I extend my best wishes for your future and also eagerly 6. (盼望你访问中国的那一天). May you always 7. (铭记) the significant bond we’ve formed and maintain our friendship, 8. (和我保持联系) whenever possible.
Yours,
Li Hua
Part Ⅱ 读后续写
4.情感细节描写——感激与感动
【语言素材】
感动的 moved/touched 表达某人(对……)衷心的感谢 express/extend one’s heartfelt gratitude (to)
令人感动的 moving/touching 对……表示感谢 show gratitude/appreciation to
(续表)
感谢的;感激的 grateful/thankful/appreciative 感激的泪水 tears of gratitude/appreciation
感激;感谢;感恩 gratitude/thankfulness/appreciation 感动到流泪 be moved/touched to tears
感谢;感激 appreciate/appreciation 被感动得说不出话来 be moved/touched beyond words
因为某事对某人表示非常感激 be much grateful/thankful to sb for sth/owe sb a debt of gratitude 热泪盈眶 tears well up in one’s eyes
温暖某人的心灵/心 warm sb’s soul/heart 感激…… be appreciative of
【跟踪演练】
●Ⅰ 单句表达
1.Tears filling her eyes, she offered her .
她热泪盈眶,表示衷心的感谢。
2.Having gained his genuine favour, we .
得到了他的真心支持,我们对他表示了真诚的感谢。
3.With rolling down his cheeks, Peter said thankfully, “You’ve saved me today.I couldn’t thank you enough.”
感激的泪水顺着彼得的脸颊流下,他感激地说:“今天你救了我。我对你感激不尽。”
4.For him, it may have been a joke, but I was in a flash.
对他来说,也许这是个玩笑,但刹那间我感动到流泪。
5.It was an event that happened in the school last year. But it is now still fresh in my mind and .
那是去年发生在学校的一件事,却至今仍让我记忆犹新,令我感动不已。
●Ⅱ 语段表达(感激与感动)
As Emily crossed the finish line in the final and knew that the gold medal was hers, she was so excited that 1. (热泪盈眶). When she finally stood on the top step of the podium (领奖台) with the gold medal around her neck, she recalled the journey that led to this moment. She turned to her coach Jim, 2. (表达衷心的感谢). 3. (感激的泪水) streamed down her cheeks as she reflected on the countless hours of training and guidance that he gave. 4. (被感动得说不出话来), Jim raised his arms in a gesture of celebration. Then she 5. (向队友表示感激), whose encouragement and companionship 6. (温暖着她的内心). Finally, she said that she 7. (对家人怀有感激之情) for always standing by her side and cheering her on. Unit 4 Friends forever
(限时:35分钟)
●Ⅰ 阅读理解
A [2024·湖南长沙一中高三月考]
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:367
“It’s a natural question,” Dr Holt-Lunstad said about the “ideal”number of friends. “Just like we have guidelines and recommendations for the amount of sleep we get and how physically active we are, this is health relevant.” While she and other friendship researchers admit there aren’t many studies that have specifically tackled the question of how many friends people should aim for, those that have been done offer a range.
Dr Degges-White recently conducted a survey of 297 adults, which has not been published or subject to peer review but found that 55 percent of participants believed two to three close friends was ideal, while 31 percent thought four to six was the goal. But friendship and intimacy are subjective, and there isn’t a widely used scale researchers share to define those concepts across studies. It’s also unclear how social media factors into all of this, as research suggests the size of a person’s online network may not have any meaningful impact on their perceived well-being.
While friendship research offers some standards, it may be more useful for most of us to consider if you need more friends. Dr Marisa Franco recommends starting with a fairly obvious but powerful question: Do I feel lonely “Also, different people bring out different parts of us. So when you have a larger friend group, you’re able to experience this side of yourself that loves golf, and this side that loves cars,” she added. “If you feel like your identity has sort of shrunk, or you’re not feeling quite like yourself, that might indicate you need different types of friends.”
Of course, making friends in adulthood isn’t always easy. Research shows people struggle with it because they find it difficult to trust new people. For those reasons, it is often easier to start by reawakening old relationships. The amount of time you actually spend with your friends matters, too. Franco suggests that on average, very close friendships tend to take around 200 hours to develop. But spending time with friends you feel ambivalent (情绪复杂的) about—because they’re unreliable, critical, competitive or any of the many reasons people get under our skin—can be bad for your health.
( )1.Which statement would Dr Holt-Lunstad probably agree with
A.Healthy friendships contribute to quality sleep.
B.There have been guidelines for making friends.
C.Two to six close friends may be the most ideal.
D.Friendships can be the crucial factor in well-being.
( )2.How was Dr Degges-White’s survey
A.It summarized the statistics in previous studies.
B.It set standards on the exact number of friends.
C.It distinguished between friendship and intimacy.
D.It dismissed the influences of social media factors.
( )3.According to Franco, you have to make new friends if .
A.your friend circle is large enough
B.you have a wide range of hobbies
C.your personal identities are restricted
D.you lead an unhappy adulthood life
( )4.What matters in maintaining close friendships according to Franco
A.Quantities of time.
B.Meeting frequency.
C.Your healthy moods.
D.Personalities of friends.
B [2024·浙江杭州高三二模]
文体:议论文 主题:人与自我 词数:340
Is forgiveness against our human nature To answer our question, we need to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity For the sake of simplicity, people consider two distinctly different views of humanity. The first view involves dominance and power. In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them.
The second view involves the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony
From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent that the people from whom you are estranged accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people.
As an important note, when we take a classical philosophical perspective, that of Aristotle, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, its actual application in conflict situations, develops with practice.
( )5.What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness
A.People should offer mercy to others.
B.Aggressive people should learn to forgive.
C.Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity.
D.People who forgive can have their own welfare affected.
( )6.What does the example in Paragraph 2 illustrate
A.To forgive is to love.
B.To dominate is to harm.
C.To fight is to grow.
D.To give is to receive.
( )7.What is the writer’s attitude towards forgiveness
A.Favourable. B.Reserved.
C.Objective. D.Sceptical.
( )8.What is the message of the last paragraph
A.Forgiveness is in our nature.
B.Forgiveness grows with time.
C.It takes practice to forgive.
D.Actuality is based on potentiality.
●Ⅱ 阅读七选五 [2024·山东日照高三三模]
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:267
Can you tell when your friends are happy or going through a difficult time Whether you have one or two besties or are part of a group, building and keeping friendships is a skill we all learn. 1. Research shows it might even help you fight off colds.
Friendship is a special connection you have with another person, and it comes in all shapes and sizes. You could chat for ages or giggle at things other people don’t find funny. You don’t expect the other person to be fun all the time. 2. Friends don’t always enjoy the same sports or hobbies but they encourage each other anyway. Experts say good friendship is a strong, stable connection. It makes you feel positive and it’s not one-sided. 3.
Good friends are good for your health because they make you feel happy, confident and less stressed. Sharing your feelings and ideas with someone else isn’t just fun. 4. Author Lydia Denworth says friendship is good for you because it boosts your immune system and helps your body stay healthy. Having good, strong friendships is as important as diet and exercise.
5. Making time for your mates sounds obvious but it’s not always easy to see them when you are busy. Try sending a message or arranging a walk or bike ride to have time to chat. Talking about your feelings lets your friends know you trust them and gives them a chance to do the same. If you think a friend is feeling down, find a quiet moment to ask if everything’s OK and listen closely to their answers.
A.Making new friends takes much time and effort.
B.You both give each other support when you need it.
C.And you may know when the other has had a bad day.
D.It builds trust and helps you understand each other better.
E.Being a friend is one of the most important skills we can learn.
F.That’s good news because hanging out with your friends is fun.
G.As well as lifting up others, friendship can boost your well-being too.
●Ⅲ 完形填空 [2024·安徽六安高三三模]
文体:说明文 主题:人与自我 词数:245
Being vulnerable (脆弱的) is not a choice. In our life it is a 1 . What we do with vulnerability can either 2 doors to deeper connections, or build walls that prevent progress and fulfillment.
Vulnerability 3 the state of being exposed to the possibility of being harmed, either physically or emotionally. It’s part of human 4 because we are vulnerable in some way at all times. We are vulnerable to viruses, accidents, misunderstandings and pains caused by whatever reasons. The only 5 we really have is whether to 6 it or not.
When some people claim that they have no vulnerability, they are 7 to develop meaningful social connections with others. They are just 8 . No one likes to spend much time with people who are dishonest or 9 to open up their feelings. Most of the time, a great 10 starts by exchanging each other’s vulnerability.
Indeed, it’s not easy for us to admit our vulnerability in front of others. In order to protect ourselves, we tend to 11 with fear. But in fact, when we are vulnerable with people, we have signaled that they can also 12 share their anxieties. And we don’t have to worry too much about the results because a far more common reaction of people is to respect our 13 instead of laughing at us. Under this shared circumstance, we become less 14 by vulnerability and also we strengthened a(n) 15 .
( )1.A.goal B.trick
C.secret D.reality
( )2.A.open B.decorate
C.close D.design
( )3.A.turns out B.consists of
C.refers to D.relies on
( )4.A.habits B.faith
C.rights D.nature
( )5.A.approach B.option
C.experience D.reason
( )6.A.follow B.analyse
C.remove D.acknowledge
( )7.A.eager B.tired
C.difficult D.excited
( )8.A.hesitating B.complaining
C.cheating D.waiting
( )9.A.motivated B.unwilling
C.puzzled D.unafraid
( )10.A.friendship B.wealth
C.performance D.thought
( )11.A.deal B.meet
C.agree D.struggle
( )12.A.obviously B.cautiously
C.safely D.gratefully
( )13.A.preference B.decision
C.emotion D.bravery
( )14.A.affected B.impressed
C.occupied D.touched
( )15.A.characteristic B.relationship
C.action D.standard
A.词汇积累
1.subject to使经受,使遭受;取决于,视……而定
2.intimacy n.亲密;密切
3.perceived adj.感知到的
4.reawaken v.勾起,唤起,再次引发(感情、回忆等)
5.for the sake of为了
6.simplicity n.简单(性);容易(性);质朴,淳朴
7.dominance n.主导地位,支配地位;优势;主导,支配
8.compromise v. & n.妥协,折中
9.integrity n.完整,完好;诚实正直
10.restoration n.整修,修复;恢复
11.bestie n.最好的朋友;闺蜜;好哥们儿
12.giggle at对……咯咯地笑;傻笑
B.熟词生义
note n.值得注意之处;短笺,便条;笔记,记录;注释,批注;音符;纸币;语气;气氛 v. 注意,留意;指出,特别提到
As an important note, when we take a classical philosophical perspective, that of Aristotle, we see the distinction between
potentiality and actuality.(阅读B, Para.4)
【译文】 需要特别注意的是,从亚里士多德的古典哲学视角来看,我们可以看到潜力和现实之间的区别。(共152张PPT)
Unit 4 Friends forever
语境词汇串记
考点互动探究
当堂过关检测
语言素养提升
写作素养提升
作业手册
答案速查【听】
答案速查【作】
Friendship plays a 1.__________(significance) role in our life.
2.____ the saying goes, “No one would choose to live without
friends, even if he had all other goods.” We all long for friends
because true friends can be inspiring. They bring us support
and comfort when we are 3.________(anxiety). They share our
life adventures. Besides, friendship helps shape our personality.
We acquire important 4._________(quality) such as patience,
generosity and humour by interacting with friends.
significant
As
anxious
qualities
In the past, friendship was sometimes a matter of destiny.
When surroundings and locations changed, friends could only
communicate by corresponding over a long 5._________(distant).
It was not unusual that they lost track of each other. The
familiar partners might never turn up again.
distance
Nowadays, we are living in a digital age. Advances in
technology enable us 6._________(make) friends and maintain
friendship online. With a Wi-Fi connection, we can visit the
social media sites7._______ people tend to post updates on
their everyday life. With several clicks, we can find a completely
new world 8.__________(unfold) before us.
to make
where
unfolding
However, online friendship can be bitter. Not all online
friends are trustworthy. The one who is passionate about
chatting with us might be a criminal. But we ought not to
throw the baby out with the bathwater. My proposition is
9._____ we should be cautious and friendly online and not trust
strangers 10._______(blind).
that
blindly
1 prefer v.(preferred, preferred, preferring)更喜欢;宁愿
(1)prefer doing/to do sth 偏爱做某事
prefer sb to do sth 想要某人做某事
prefer (doing) sth to (doing) sth比起(做)……更喜欢(做)……
prefer to do…rather than do… 宁愿做……而不愿做……
(2)preference n. 喜爱;偏爱
have a preference for 偏爱;喜爱
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2021·天津卷] Kids with ___________(prefer) for the arts have
a greater chance of finding employment in the future.
②Unlike fast food places, fine dining shops prefer customers
________(stay) longer.
preference
to stay
(2)完成句子/句式改写
①Although they could run faster than Emma, they ____________
________________________(更喜欢跟在她后面慢跑), bursting out
laughing every now and then and commenting on how Emma
jogged. (读后续写之动作描写)
preferred to jog/jogging behind her
②I would play sports with friends rather than exercise by myself.
→I ______________ sports with friends to __________ by myself.
(同义句改写)
→I ______________ sports with friends ___________________ by
myself. (同义句改写)
prefer playing
exercising
prefer to play
rather than exercise
2 deliver v.递送,传送,运载;发表,宣布;助产,接生
(1)deliver…to… 把……递送给……
deliver a speech 发表演说
deliver a baby 接生
(2)delivery n. 递送;分娩
express delivery 快递
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①We promise to deliver the goods ____ your door within 48
hours of your ordering.
②［译林必修三U3］ You can have food __________ to you
using food ________ apps and sites. (deliver)
to
delivered
delivery
(2)熟词生义
①［人教必修三U2］ Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, she was
known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”, having
delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime. ______
接生
②［译林选三U3］ The next day, President Roosevelt delivered
his famous Pearl Harbor Speech. ______
发表
(3)完成句子
As a student representative, I am very honoured ______________
__________________________________(有机会在这里发表演讲).
(应用文写作之演讲稿)
to have an opportunity to deliver a speech here
3 advance n.前进;进步,进展;预付款 v.前进;促进;发展;提前,提早;预
付 adj.预先的,事先的
(1)in advance(=ahead of time) 预先,提前
make advances in(=advance in) 在……方面取得进步/进展
(2)advance on/towards… 朝……前进
(3)advanced adj. 先进的;高等的；高级的；晚期的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
［2024·新课标Ⅱ卷］ The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a
great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or
__________(advance) walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow's
mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks.
advanced
(2)熟词生义
①[2020·全国新高考Ⅰ卷] She decided to go back to college to
advance her career and to be able to better support her family
while doing something she loves: nursing. ______
促进
②It is a popular show, so advance booking is essential.
________
预先的
(3)完成句子
I'd appreciate it if you would let me know ___________________
_______(提前) whether you are available or not. (应用文写作之邀
请信)
in advance/ahead of time
4 tend v.往往会;倾向;趋于;照料
(1)tend to do sth 倾向于/往往会做某事
tend (to) sb/sth 照料/护理某人/某物
(2)tendency n. 倾向,趋势
have a tendency to do sth 有做某事的倾向;往往会做某事
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
［人教选一U4］ People have a __________(tend) to lean
towards whatever they are interested in.
tendency
(2)熟词生义
[2020·浙江7月考] The lamb had become separated from its
mother, so I jumped out of the tractor to tend to it while Don
stayed in his seat. __________
照看,照料
(3)完成句子
Every time the night is quiet and peaceful, I _________________
___________________________________(往往会回忆起童年的美好
时光), filling my heart with warmth and nostalgia. (读后续写之心
理描写)
tend to recall the wonderful moments of my childhood
5 anxious adj.焦虑的,不安的;渴望的
(1)be anxious about sth 为某事担心
be anxious for sth 渴望某物
be anxious (for sb) to do sth
渴望(某人)做某事,急于(让某人)做某事
(2)anxiety n. 焦虑,忧虑,担心
with anxiety 焦虑地
(3)anxiously adv. 焦急地;忧虑地;渴望地
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①A look of ________(anxious) passed across his face.
②［《了不起的盖茨比》］ Gatsby walked __________(anxious)
up and down his dock, his heart pounding with anticipation.
anxiety
anxiously
(2)完成句子
①When they watched him climb up the cliff, everybody
___________________________________________________
(焦虑地屏住了呼吸).
was breathless/held their breath with anxiety/anxiously
②We couldn't contain our excitement, _______________________
____________(急于见证最后的惊喜). (读后续写之情感描写)
③___________________(兴奋但又焦虑), everyone joined hands
and decided to give it a shot. (读后续写之情感+动作描写)
anxious to witness the final surprise
Excited but anxious
6 distance v.拉开距离;与……疏远 n.距离;间距
(1)distance oneself (from…) 使自己(与……)拉开距离/(与……)疏远
(2)in the distance 在远处;在远方
from/at a distance 离一段距离;从远处
at a distance of… 在……远的地方;相隔……
keep one's distance from…=keep…at a distance
与……保持距离;与……疏远
(3)distant adj. (时间或空间)遥远的;久远的;远处的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①［上外必修一U3］ Rome is one of the most ancient cities in
the world and is full of wonderful relics from its
________(distance) past.
distant
②I focused on surrounding myself with positive influences and
chose to distance myself ______ those who were not supportive.
from
(2)完成句子
The sound of laughter _______________(在远处) lifted her
spirits, making her forget her troubles for a moment.
(读后续写之心理描写)
in the distance
7 fortune n.大笔的钱,巨款;机会,运气;命运
(1)seek one's fortune 寻找出路;寻找发财的机会
try one's fortune 碰运气
make a/one's fortune 发财
have the good fortune to do sth 有幸做某事
(2)fortunate adj. 运气好的;幸运的
be fortunate to do/in doing… 有幸做……
(3)fortunately adv. 幸运地
unfortunately adv. 不幸地;遗憾地
(4)misfortune n. 厄运,不幸
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
[2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] ___________(fortunate) for those in
midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven't been an
enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve
your aging heart.
Fortunately
(2)一词多义
①[2020·全国卷Ⅱ] Orange trees are more than decoration; they
are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. ______
运气
②［北师选一U2］ Sixteen years ago, Jason was a college
professor with a huge six-bedroom house and a fortune of two
million dollars. ______
巨款
③He said their ambitions and achievements would be closely
tied to the fate and fortune of humankind this century. ______
命运
(3)一句多译
我有幸得到一次沿丝绸之路旅行的机会。
→I __________________________________ to travel along the Silk
Road. (adj.)
→I ___________________________________________ to travel
along the Silk Road. (n.)
am fortunate to get an opportunity
have the good fortune to get an opportunity
8 strike v.(struck, struck)打;碰撞;(突然)袭击;突然想到;让(某人)觉得,
给(某人以……)印象;划(火柴);敲响(钟) n.罢工
(1)be struck with/by… 被……打动
sth strike(s) sb 某人突然想到某事
It strikes sb that…(=It hits sb/occurs to sb that…)
某人突然想到……
(2)be on strike 在罢工
go on strike 举行罢工
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
An earthquake _______(strike) this area last year, making many
people homeless.
struck
(2)一词多义
①［《汤姆·索亚历险记》］ Bringing water from the town pump
(泵) had always been hateful work in Tom's eyes, before, but
now it did not strike him so. ______________________________
让(某人)觉得, 给(某人以……)印象
②Her car went out of control and struck an oncoming vehicle.
______
碰撞
③It was dark in the room so he struck a match._______________
划(火柴)
④［《汤姆·索亚历险记》］ When it seemed to him that it must
be nearly daylight, he heard the clock strike ten! _________
⑤A thought struck her. Was she jealous of her sister
__________
敲响(钟)
突然想到
(3)完成句子
①_______________________________(我突然想到) playing against
the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on
the team. (读后续写之心理描写)
It struck/hit/occurred to me that
②We __________________________________(都被她的善良打动)
when she donated her birthday gifts to a children's hospital.
(读后续写之情感描写)
were all struck with/by her kindness
1 keep/bear…in mind 记住……,将……记在心里
have…in mind 心里已有……
with…in mind 考虑到……,心中想着……
make up one's mind (to do sth)
下定决心(做某事)
change one's mind 改变主意
flash through/cross one's mind 闪过某人的脑海
flood into one's mind 涌进某人的脑海
come/spring to mind 突然记起(或想到)
read one's mind 读懂某人的心思
［温馨提示］ 当keep/bear…in mind的宾语是宾语从句时,常常把宾
语从句后置,构成“keep/bear in mind that…”结构。
【活学活用】
完成句子
①［译林必修一U4］ ___________________(记住) that your family
and friends love you just the way you are.
②［人教选三U2］ I ________________________(下定决心) to
change two things in my life: to eat nothing with sugar and to
exercise regularly.
Keep/Bear in mind
make/made up my mind
③Just when we didn't know what to do, Mantha's kind smile
_____________________(突然想到). (读后续写之心理描写)
④[2021·天津3月考] ______that thought _________(心里想着),
Pruitt came up with a plan and posted it on the community
website. (读后续写之心理+动作描写)
⑤The thought of escape ________________________________
(闪过我的脑海) but immediately I dismissed it as unrealistic.
(读后续写之心理描写)
came/sprang to mind
With
in mind
flashed through/crossed my mind
2 work out 解决;算出;想出,拟出(计划、安排);理解,明白;锻炼;进展
顺利
【活学活用】
(1)一词多义
①Can you work out how much your holiday journey will cost
______
算出
②The first thing that you should do is work out a plan.
__________
想出,拟出
③[2022·全国甲卷] The next step, according to the researchers, is
to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on
visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their
shape selections. __________
理解,明白
④You don't have to be so disappointed. Things will work out
well. __________
进展顺利
⑤She works out in the gym three times a week.______________
锻炼
(2)完成句子
①Things did not _____________________________(如我们所期望
的那样进展顺利).
②___________________________(早上锻炼) provides additional
benefits beyond being physically fit. (应用文写作话题之体育运动)
work out as we had expected
Working out in the morning
3 turn up 出现;到场;调高;发现
turn down 拒绝;关小,调低
turn on 打开
turn off 关闭
turn to 转向;求助于
turn in 上交
turn out 结果是;证明是;制造
turn around 转身;(生意或经济)好转
turn over 移交;(使)翻转
turn away 把某人拒之门外
turn away from 不再使用
【活学活用】
(1)用turn相关短语的适当形式填空
①［2024·新课标Ⅰ卷］ Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus,
_______________, and looked at me with a big smile on his
face.
turned around
②［人教选三U4］ However, when I applied to join the
expedition, Shackleton _______ me _______ because he thought
I was too young and wasn't qualified.
turned
down
③［《汤姆·索亚历险记》］ The beetle (甲虫) lay there working
its helpless legs, unable to __________.
④For several days, I waited at the same spot. But to my
disappointment, he didn't ________.
turn over
turn up
(2)完成句子
①Last week, our school organized an activity named “Happiness
to Family”, ______________________________________(结果这次活
动很成功). (应用文写作之活动介绍)
which turned out to be a great success
②Don't forget to ________ your parents, teachers, and career
advisers _____________________(向……寻求有用的建议) before
making the final decision. (应用文写作之建议信)
turn to
for useful suggestions
1(教材P51) Whatever our hobbies, the Internet can connect
us with others who also enjoy doing them, even if they live
on the other side of the world.
不管我们的爱好是什么,因特网都能把我们和其他同样喜欢做这些事
的人联系起来,哪怕他们住在世界的另一端。
句型公式
whatever/no matter what引导让步状语从句
【句式点拨】
本句含有两个让步状语从句,第一个是whatever引导的让步状语从句,
而且句中出现了省略,完整形式应为“Whatever our hobbies are”,第
二个是even if引导的让步状语从句。
【相关拓展】
(1)whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever既可引导名词性从句,
又可引导让步状语从句;引导让步状语从句时相当于“no
matter+what/which/who/whom”,引导名词性从句时只能用“疑问词
+ever”;
(2)wherever, whenever, however一般引导让步状语从句,相当于“no
matter+where/when/how”。
【活学活用】
完成句子
①A wide range of courses are provided, and you are free to
choose ________________________(任何最适合你的课程).
(应用文写作话题之学校生活)
whichever suits you best
②_________________________________________(无论多么严重的
问题) you may have, you should gather your courage to face
the challenge. (应用文写作之建议信)
③_________________________________________(无论何时我感到
难过时), the bird would always be singing and chirping, almost
as if she sensed how I felt and wanted to lift my spirits.
(读后续写之情感描写)
However/No matter how serious a problem
Whenever/No matter when I felt down/sad
2 (1)(教材P62) Stepping out of jail into the cold wind, Bob,
now 58, felt lost and helpless.
走出监狱,迎着寒风,如今58岁的鲍勃感到迷茫而又无助。
(2)(教材P62) “Twenty years is a long time,” he smiled bitterly,
not knowing where to go.
“二十年是一段很长的岁月,”他苦笑着,不知该去哪里。
句型公式
现在分词(短语)作状语
【句式点拨】
现在分词(短语)作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随等,
在很多情况下可以转化成相应的状语从句或并列分句。 现在分词
(短语)作状语时,句子的主语与现在分词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。
在句(1)里,现在分词短语作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句“When
he stepped out of jail into the cold wind”;在句(2)里,现在分词短
语作伴随状语,可以转化为一个并列句“and he didn't know where
to go”。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2024·浙江1月考] ________(hope) to impress some talented
actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some
throws over the sofas and litcandles to make it seem a bit
more “young professional”.
Hoping
②_______________(work) for two days, Steve managed to finish
his report on schedule.
Having worked
(2)完成句子/句式改写
①［2024·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写］ _____________________________
(给他一个歉意的微笑), I asked him for a delay in payment
and promised to call him and return the money I owed him
when I was back. (读后续写之动作描写)
Giving him an apologetic smile
②[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] __________________(握着我的双
手), he said, “Congratulations! You are a good writer, so keep
writing.” (读后续写之动作描写)
Holding my hands
③Because I didn't know how to get in touch with him, I turned
to his brother.
→__________________________________________, I turned to his
brother. (用现在分词作状语改写)
Not knowing how to get in touch with him
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.His __________(humour) remarks left a significantly positive
impression on the audience.
2.People who love adventure tend ________(seek) out new and
exciting experiences.
humorous
to seek
3.I am writing to apologise for breaking our
_____________(appoint) yesterday because I had an unexpected
emergency that required my immediate attention.
appointment
4.At some point in the ________(distance) future, I would like to
acquire what I want.
distant
5.To increase the capability of finding the target,
__________(advance) digital signal processing technology is
adopted.
advanced
6.The Internet enables us ________(stay) in contact with the
outer world.
7.She has a ___________(prefer) for cafés with a relaxed
atmosphere, where she can enjoy a cup of coffee.
to stay
preference
8.Due to a delay in production, we had to postpone the
________(deliver) of the goods by a week.
9.Faced with everything unfamiliar, the teenager felt
________(anxiety) and lonely.
10.He settled down ____________(comfortable) in the chair and
began to share his story.
11.Her _________(inspire) speech filled the audience with a
sense of passion and motivation.
delivery
anxious
comfortably
inspiring
12.____________(maintain) sales growth, the company plans to
launch a series of new bicycles.
13._________(patient) and generosity are two virtues that define
her as a kind and understanding person.
14.I'm __________(fortune) to have a partner who not only
shares my values but also brings out the best in me.
15.The satellite enables us to calculate their precise
_________(locate) anywhere in the world.
To maintain
Patience
fortunate
location
Ⅱ 短语填空
1.After Jones had moved to London, we almost ______________
________________________(与……失去联系) him.
2.We __________(应该) keep calm when we face danger instead
of getting into a panic.
3.Consider and __________________(牢记) why you want to
make a change, including how the change reflects your values.
lost track of/lost contact/touch with
ought to
keep/bear in mind
4.He ___________(出现) on time for the appointment in the
end.
5.I suggest that you __________(制订) a detailed plan before
jumping in with both feet.
6.That is a shameful behaviour and he should feel
____________(对……感到羞愧) what he has done.
7.I haven't ____________(收到……来信) him in months, and I
bitterly regret not reaching out sooner.
turned up
work out
ashamed of
heard from
8.__________(由于,多亏) his extraordinary talent and creativity,
he was able to transform an ordinary idea into a
groundbreaking invention.
Thanks to
Ⅲ 句型训练
1.___________________, “A hero is known in the time of
misfortune”, and Zhong Nanshan is a hero like this.
正如俗话说的:“时势造英雄”,钟南山就是这样的英雄。
As the saying goes
2._________________________________, remember that this too
shall pass, and that better days are ahead.
无论发生什么，记住这一切都会过去，更好的日子在前方。
Whatever/No matter what happens
3.________________________, he felt the passion of the
audiences. (分词作状语)
一走上舞台,他就感受到了观众们的热情。
Stepping onto the stage
4.____________________________________________ put me on
the spot. (主语从句)
我要如何把真相告诉我的父母,这让我很为难。
How I was going to tell my parents the truth
Ⅰ 动词变形练
1.He had his chance of success _______(blow) because of
carelessness, leaving him filled with regret.
2.He _______(break) his promise and there wasn't a thing we
could do about it.
3.The gate was wide open when he got home—someone must
_____________(break) into his house.
blown
broke
have broken
4.I was deeply impressed with the changes _________(bring)
about by the project.
5.Over the centuries, the city of Pompeii, _______(bury) under
the ashes, was entirely forgotten by the world.
brought
buried
6.She couldn't contain her excitement and ______
(burst) into laughter.
burst
7.Bill ________(buy) his wife a valuable birthday present last
month, a ring decorated with jewels.
bought
Ⅱ 构词法规则
构词法 否定前缀un-表示“不”、“ 非”、“使丧失”、“未”等
指出下列黑体词的含义
1.[2024·全国甲卷] You have to balance creating an ending that's
unpredictable, but doesn't seem to come from nowhere, one
that fits what's right for the characters. ______________________
不可预测的，难以预料的
2.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] The flight was uneventful, and Tiffy was
a great passenger._____________________
平安无事的,平凡的
3.[2023·全国乙卷] Indoor plants might look as if they just sit
around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung
heroes of the home. ____________
未被赞美的
4.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷改编] The impact of the programme is
unidentifiable. ____________
无法确认的
5.[2021·全国甲卷] When contributions were made by geniuses
outside the club—women, or people of a different colour or
belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
____________
不被承认的
Ⅲ 熟词生义练
指出下列黑体词在句中的不同含义
1.bill
①If this bill is not paid within five days, your gas supply will
be cut off. ______
②He has been billed for not parking in the right place.
___________
③[2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he
said, “people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on
the cellphone.” __________
账单
开账(罚)单
议案,法案
2.blank
①[2020·浙江7月考] We yelled at the bear, hit pots hard, and
fired blank shotgun shells into the air. ______
②The stranger returned my greeting with a blank look.
Obviously, he was puzzled by my sudden arrival.
________________
空的
茫然的,无表情的
3.block
①［2020·全国卷Ⅰ］ The moon's body blocks direct radio
communication with a probe. __________
②His apartment is three blocks away from the police station.
__________
阻碍;堵塞
一段街区
4.blue
He wore a blue expression on his face, revealing the depths of
his sadness and heartache. ______________
忧郁的;悲伤的
5.boom
①The stillness of the night was broken by the boom of
fireworks. ____________
②Since last year, the agriculture in this village has been
booming. __________
隆隆声,轰鸣
迅速发展
Part Ⅰ 应用文写作
假定你是李华，即将结束在巴黎的暑期交换学习。离别之际，
你为一起学习的英国室友Chris准备了一份礼物。请为这份礼物附上
一张便条或一封邮件，内容包括：
1.礼物简介；
2.意义阐述；
3.临别祝福。
注意：写作词数应为80个左右。
Dear Chris,
1.____________________________________________________
(随着巴黎夏季交流活动的结束), I have prepared a special digital
photo album as a token of our time together, 2.______________
___________________________________________(它记录了我们的
共同时刻和美好回忆).
With the summer exchange in Paris coming to an end
which records our shared moments and wonderful memories
3.______________________________________(作为我们友谊的
永恒提醒物), each picture corresponds to a story, from our initial
hesitations to the deep conversations we had. It 4._____________
_____________________________(让我们一直受到鼓舞和安慰) by
the 5._____________________________________(慷慨、耐心和幽默
的精神) you brought into our shared space.
As a forever reminder of our friendship
enables us to stay inspired and comforted
generous, patient, and humorous spirit
As we part ways, I extend my best wishes for your future
and also eagerly 6.______________________________________
(盼望你访问中国的那一天). May you always 7.______________
(铭记) the significant bond we've formed and maintain our
friendship, 8._________________________(和我保持联系) whenever
possible.
Yours,
Li Hua
look forward to the day you visit China
bear in mind
staying in touch with me
Part Ⅱ 读后续写
4.情感细节描写——感激与感动
【语言素材】
感动的 moved/touched 表达某人 (对……)衷 心的感谢 express/extend one's
heartfelt gratitude
(to)
令人感动的 moving/touching 对……表示 感谢 show gratitude/ appreciation to
感谢的;感激的 grateful/thankful/a ppreciative 感激的泪水 tears of
gratitude/appreciation
感激;感谢;感恩 gratitude/thankful ness/appreciation 感动到流泪 be moved/touched
to tears
感谢;感激 appreciate/appreci ation 被感动得说 不出话来 be moved/touched
beyond words
续表
因为某事对 某人表示非 常感激 be much grateful/thankful to sb for sth/owe sb a debt of gratitude 热泪盈眶 tears well up in
one's eyes
温暖某人的 心灵/心 warm sb's soul/heart 感激…… be appreciative of
续表
【跟踪演练】
Ⅰ 单句表达
1.Tears filling her eyes, she offered her __________________.
她热泪盈眶,表示衷心的感谢。
heartfelt gratitude
2.Having gained his genuine favour, we ______________________
__________________________.
得到了他的真心支持,我们对他表示了真诚的感谢。
expressed/extended our sincere gratitude to him
3.With _____________________________ rolling down his cheeks,
Peter said thankfully, “You've saved me today. I couldn't thank
you enough.”
感激的泪水顺着彼得的脸颊流下,他感激地说:“今天你救了我。我对
你感激不尽。”
tears of gratitude/appreciation
4.For him, it may have been a joke, but I was _______________
________ in a flash.
对他来说,也许这是个玩笑,但刹那间我感动到流泪。
moved/touched to tears
5.It was an event that happened in the school last year. But it
is now still fresh in my mind and ___________________________
____.
那是去年发生在学校的一件事,却至今仍让我记忆犹新,令我感动不已。
keeps me touched all the time
Ⅱ 语段表达(感激与感动)
As Emily crossed the finish line in the final and knew that
the gold medal was hers, she was so excited that 1.___________
____________________(热泪盈眶). When she finally stood on the
top step of the podium (领奖台) with the gold medal around
her neck, she recalled the journey that led to this moment. She
turned to her coach Jim, 2.__________________________________
________(表达衷心的感谢). 3._____________________________
(感激的泪水) streamed down her cheeks as she reflected on the
tears welled up in her eyes
expressing/extending her heartfelt gratitude
Tears of gratitude/appreciation
countless hours of training and guidance that he gave.
4.______________________________(被感动得说不出话来), Jim
raised his arms in a gesture of celebration. Then she
5.______________________________________________(向队友表示
感激), whose encouragement and companionship 6.____________
__________(温暖着她的内心). Finally, she said that she
7.__________________________________________________________
___________________________(对家人怀有感激之情) for always
standing by her side and cheering her on.
Moved/Touched beyond words
showed gratitude/appreciation to her teammates
warmed her heart/soul
owed a debt of gratitude to her family/was much grateful/thankful to her family
作 业 手 册
(限时：35分钟)
Ⅰ 阅读理解
A[2024·湖南长沙一中高三月考]
文体：说明文 主题：人与社会 词数：367
“It's a natural question,” Dr Holt-Lunstad said about the
“ideal”number of friends. “Just like we have guidelines and
recommendations for the amount of sleep we get and how
physically active we are, this is health relevant.” While she and
other friendship researchers admit there aren't many studies that
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
have specifically tackled the question of how many friends
people should aim for, those that have been done offer a
range.
Dr Degges-White recently conducted a survey of 297 adults,
which has not been published or subject to peer review but
found that 55 percent of participants believed two to three
close friends was ideal, while 31 percent thought four to six was
the goal. But friendship and intimacy are subjective, and there
isn't a widely used scale researchers share to define those
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
concepts across studies. It's also unclear how social media
factors into all of this, as research suggests the size of a
person's online network may not have any meaningful impact
on their perceived well-being.
While friendship research offers some standards, it may be
more useful for most of us to consider if you need more
friends. Dr Marisa Franco recommends starting with a fairly
obvious but powerful question: Do I feel lonely “Also, different
people bring out different parts of us.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
So when you have a larger friend group, you're able to
experience this side of yourself that loves golf, and this side
that loves cars,” she added. “If you feel like your identity has
sort of shrunk, or you're not feeling quite like yourself, that
might indicate you need different types of friends.”
Of course, making friends in adulthood isn't always easy.
Research shows people struggle with it because they find it
difficult to trust new people. For those reasons, it is often easier
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
to start by reawakening old relationships. The amount of time
you actually spend with your friends matters, too. Franco suggests
that on average, very close friendships tend to take around 200
hours to develop. But spending time with friends you feel
ambivalent (情绪复杂的) about—because they're unreliable, critical,
competitive or any of the many reasons people get under our
skin—can be bad for your health.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于友谊的
研究，研究人员认为友谊和亲密关系是主观的，但是依然可以设定
一些标准来帮助人们判断是否需要更多的朋友。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
( )1.Which statement would Dr Holt-Lunstad probably agree
with
A.Healthy friendships contribute to quality sleep.
B.There have been guidelines for making friends.
C.Two to six close friends may be the most ideal.
D.Friendships can be the crucial factor in well-being.
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
[解析] 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“‘It's a natural question,’ Dr
Holt-Lunstad said about the ‘ideal’ number of friends. ‘Just like
we have guidelines and recommendations for the amount of
sleep we get and how physically active we are, this is health
relevant.’”可知，Holt-Lunstad博士认为友谊是幸福的关键因素。故
选D。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
( )2.How was Dr Degges-White's survey
A.It summarized the statistics in previous studies.
B.It set standards on the exact number of friends.
C.It distinguished between friendship and intimacy.
D.It dismissed the influences of social media factors.
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
[解析] 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“But friendship and intimacy
are subjective, and there isn't a widely used scale researchers
share to define those concepts across studies. It's also unclear
how social media factors into all of this, as research suggests
the size of a person's online network may not have any
meaningful impact on their perceived well-being.”可知，Degges-
White博士的研究忽略了社交媒体因素的影响。故选D。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
( )3.According to Franco, you have to make new friends if
________.
A.your friend circle is large enough
B.you have a wide range of hobbies
C.your personal identities are restricted
D.you lead an unhappy adulthood life
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
[解析] 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“‘Also, different people bring
out different parts of us. So when you have a larger friend
group, you're able to experience this side of yourself that loves
golf, and this side that loves cars,’ she added. ‘If you feel like
your identity has sort of shrunk, or you're not feeling quite like
yourself, that might indicate you need different types of friends.’”
可知，Franco认为当你觉得自己的个性受到了限制时，你就应该交
朋友了。故选C。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
( )4.What matters in maintaining close friendships according
to Franco
A.Quantities of time. B.Meeting frequency.
C.Your healthy moods. D.Personalities of friends.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The amount of time you
actually spend with your friends matters, too. Franco suggests
that on average, very close friendships tend to take around 200
hours to develop.”可知，Franco认为花在朋友身上的时间在维持友
谊方面很重要。故选A。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
B[2024·浙江杭州高三二模]
文体：议论文 主题：人与自我 词数：340
Is forgiveness against our human nature To answer our
question, we need to ask a further question: What is the
essence of our humanity For the sake of simplicity, people
consider two distinctly different views of humanity. The first view
involves dominance and power. In an early paper on the
psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting
claim that humans' essential nature is more aggressive than
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic
nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are
compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others,
who might then take advantage of them.
The second view involves the theme of cooperation, mutual
respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans.
Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need
both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love,
our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the
will to power over others does not make for harmonious
interactions. For example, how well has slavery worked as a
mode of social harmony
From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans,
forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological
integrity of both individuals and communities because one of
the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is
the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent
that the people from whom you are estranged accept your love
and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required
adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect
people.
As an important note, when we take a classical
philosophical perspective, that of Aristotle, we see the distinction
between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born
with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The
actuality of forgiving, its actual application in conflict situations,
develops with practice.
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“原谅是否违背人类本性”
这一主题进行了深入的探讨和论证，通过对比不同的人类本性观点，
分析了原谅在个体和社区中的作用和意义。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
( )5.What is Droll's idea about forgiveness
A.People should offer mercy to others.
B.Aggressive people should learn to forgive.
C.Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity.
D.People who forgive can have their own welfare affected.
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
[解析] 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“In an early paper on the
psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting
claim that humans' essential nature is more aggressive than
forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic
nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are
compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others,
who might then take advantage of them.”可知，Droll认为宽恕者
违背了他们的本性，对他们造成了很大的伤害，他认为宽恕者宽恕
他人的同时，也在损害自己的幸福。故选D。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
( )6.What does the example in Paragraph 2 illustrate
A.To forgive is to love. B.To dominate is to harm.
C.To fight is to grow. D.To give is to receive.
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
[解析] 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“Researchers find that to
fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from
and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a
wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even
common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over
others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example,
how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony ”可
知，作者以奴隶制为例，以反问的方式，阐明了支配和控制他人并
不能带来真正的和谐或幸福，即控制就是伤害。故选B。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
( )7.What is the writer's attitude towards forgiveness
A.Favourable. B.Reserved. C.Objective. D.Sceptical.
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
[解析] 推理判断题。根据文章第三段可知，作者从原谅的第二种观
点出发，分析了原谅的积极作用，作者认为原谅在个体和社区生物
学和心理学完整性中起着关键作用，指出原谅能够帮助减少仇恨、
恢复和谐，并且能够打破愤怒的循环。作者还提到原谅可以治愈关
系，让人们重新建立联系。又根据最后一段中“We are not
necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with
the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to
forgive.”可知，作者认为我们有潜力去学习原谅，并在使用原谅的能
力过程中成长。这些都表明作者对原谅持有支持的态度。故选A。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
( )8.What is the message of the last paragraph
A.Forgiveness is in our nature.
B.Forgiveness grows with time.
C.It takes practice to forgive.
D.Actuality is based on potentiality.
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
[解析] 段落大意题。最后一段主要传达了原谅需要实践的信息。作
者通过引用古典哲学中关于潜在性和实际性的观点，指出我们并不
是天生就具备原谅的能力，而是需要通过学习和实践来培养和发展
这种能力。因此，原谅并不是一种自然而然的行为，而是需要我们
付出努力去实践的。故选C。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Ⅱ 阅读七选五［2024·山东日照高三三模］
Can you tell when your friends are happy or going through
a difficult time Whether you have one or two besties or are
part of a group, building and keeping friendships is a skill we
all learn. 1.___ Research shows it might even help you fight off
colds.
Friendship is a special connection you have with another
person, and it comes in all shapes and sizes. You could chat for
ages or giggle at things other people don't find funny.
G
1
2
3
4
5
You don't expect the other person to be fun all the time. 2.___
Friends don't always enjoy the same sports or hobbies but they
encourage each other anyway. Experts say good friendship is a
strong, stable connection. It makes you feel positive and it's not
one-sided. 3.___
Good friends are good for your health because they make
you feel happy, confident and less stressed. Sharing your
feelings and ideas with someone else isn't just fun. 4.___ Author
Lydia Denworth says friendship is good for you because it
C
B
D
1
2
3
4
5
boosts your immune system and helps your body stay healthy.
Having good, strong friendships is as important as diet and
exercise.
5.___ Making time for your mates sounds obvious but it's
not always easy to see them when you are busy. Try sending a
message or arranging a walk or bike ride to have time to chat.
Talking about your feelings lets your friends know you trust
them and gives them a chance to do the same. If you think a
friend is feeling down, find a quiet moment to ask if
everything's OK and listen closely to their answers.
E
1
2
3
4
5
A.Making new friends takes much time and effort.
B.You both give each other support when you need it.
C.And you may know when the other has had a bad day.
D.It builds trust and helps you understand each other better.
E.Being a friend is one of the most important skills we can
learn.
F.That's good news because hanging out with your friends is
fun.
1
2
3
4
5
G.As well as lifting up others, friendship can boost your well-
being too.
【文章大意】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了友谊的重要性、好处和交
朋友的方法。
1
2
3
4
5
1.___
G
[解析] 前文“Whether you have one or two besties or are part
of a group, building and keeping friendships is a skill we all
learn.”表明建立和保持友谊是重要技能，后文“Research shows it
might even help you fight off colds.”说明友谊能帮助我们抵御疾
病，G选项(友谊不仅能鼓舞他人，也能提升你的健康。)说明友谊的
好处，引出下文。故选G。
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2.___
C
[解析] 空前“You don't expect the other person to be fun all the
time.”表明朋友不会一直有趣，C选项(你要知道对方哪天过得不好。)
表示朋友也会有无趣的时候，为前一句的补充。故选C。
3.___
B
[解析] 空前“Experts say good friendship is a strong, stable
connection. It makes you feel positive and it's not one-sided.”可
知，友谊不是单方面的，是相互的，B选项(当你们需要友谊的时候，
你们都给予对方支持。)表示友谊是双方的。故选B。
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4.___
D
[解析] 空前“Good friends are good for your health because they
make you feel happy, confident and less stressed. Sharing your
feelings and ideas with someone else isn't just fun.”表明与朋友分
享感受和想法的好处，D选项(它建立信任，帮助你们更好地了解对
方。)补充说明其好处。故选D。
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5.___
E
[解析] 后文“Making time for your mates sounds obvious but it's
not always easy to see them when you are busy. Try sending a
message or arranging a walk or bike ride to have time to chat.
Talking about your feelings lets your friends know you trust
them and gives them a chance to do the same. If you think a
friend is feeling down, find a quiet moment to ask if
everything's OK and listen closely to their answers.”可知，本段在
讲交朋友的一些做法，E选项(交朋友是我们可以学习的最重要的技
能之一。)总领下文，符合语境。故选E。
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Ⅲ 完形填空［2024·安徽六安高三三模］
文体：说明文 主题：人与自我 词数：245
Being vulnerable (脆弱的) is not a choice. In our life it is
a . .1. .. What we do with vulnerability can either . .2. . doors to
deeper connections, or build walls that prevent progress and
fulfillment.
Vulnerability . .3. . the state of being exposed to the
possibility of being harmed, either physically or emotionally. It's
part of human . .4. . because we are vulnerable in some way at
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all times. We are vulnerable to viruses, accidents,
misunderstandings and pains caused by whatever reasons. The
only . .5. . we really have is whether to . .6. . it or not.
When some people claim that they have no vulnerability,
they are . .7. . to develop meaningful social connections with
others. They are just . .8. .. No one likes to spend much time
with people who are dishonest or . .9. . to open up their feelings.
Most of the time, a great . .10. . starts by exchanging each
other's vulnerability.
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Indeed, it's not easy for us to admit our vulnerability in
front of others. In order to protect ourselves, we tend to . .11. .
with fear. But in fact, when we are vulnerable with people, we
have signaled that they can also . .12. . share their anxieties. And
we don't have to worry too much about the results because a
far more common reaction of people is to respect our . .13. .
instead of laughing at us. Under this shared circumstance, we
become less . .14. . by vulnerability and also we strengthened
a(n) . .15. ..
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【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了脆弱是人的本性，我
们唯一能做的就是承认自己的脆弱，这样才能有助于我们与他人建
立健康的关系。
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( )1.A.goal B.trick C.secret D.reality
[解析] 根据后文“It's part of human…because we are vulnerable
in some way at all times.”可知，脆弱是人的本质，因为我们在某
些方面始终是脆弱的，故此处指脆弱是我们生活中的现实，故选D。
goal目标；trick诡计，戏法；secret秘密；reality现实。
√
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( )2.A.open B.decorate C.close D.design
[解析] 根据空后doors to deeper connections以及“…or build walls
that prevent progress and fulfillment.”可知，如何处理脆弱决定了
我们是为更深的联系打开门，还是筑起一道墙，设空处与build walls
形成对比，指“打开大门”，故选A。open打开；decorate装饰；close
关闭；design设计。
√
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( )3.A.turns out B.consists of C.refers to D.relies on
[解析] 根据空后“…the state of being exposed to the possibility
of being harmed, either physically or emotionally.”可知，空后提
到身体上和情感上被伤害，是对脆弱的解释，故选C。turn out结果
是，证明是；consist of包括，由……组成；refer to指的是；rely
on依靠。
√
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( )4.A.habits B.faith C.rights D.nature
[解析] 根据空后“…because we are vulnerable in some way at all
times.”可知，我们在某些方面始终都是脆弱的，故此处指脆弱是人
的本性的一部分，故选D。habit习惯；faith信任；right权利；nature
自然，本性，天性。
√
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( )5.A.approach B.option C.experience D.reason
[解析] 根据语境及上文“We are vulnerable to viruses, accidents,
misunderstandings and pains caused by whatever reasons.”以及
下文“When some people claim that they have no
vulnerability,they are…to develop meaningful social connections
with others.”、“Indeed, it's not easy for us to admit our
vulnerability in front of others.”可知，脆弱是现实，我们容易受到
伤害，此处指我们唯一的选择是是否承认我们的脆弱，故选B。
approach方法；option选择；experience经验，经历；reason原因。
√
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( )6.A.follow B.analyse
C.remove D.acknowledge
[解析] 根据后文“Indeed, it's not easy for us to admit our
vulnerability in front of others.”可知，后文提到事实上，我们很难
在他人面前承认我们的脆弱，故此处指我们唯一的选择就是是否承
认我们的脆弱，故选D。follow跟随；analyse分析；remove去除；
acknowledge承认。
√
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( )7.A.eager B.tired C.difficult D.excited
[解析] 根据下文“No one likes to spend much time with people
who are dishonest…”可知，没有人喜欢和这样的人在一起，故他们
很难与他人建立有意义的社会联系，故选C。eager渴望的，热切的；
tired疲倦的，厌倦的；difficult困难的；excited兴奋的。
√
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( )8.A.hesitating B.complaining C.cheating D.waiting
[解析] 根据前文“…because we are vulnerable in some way at all
times.”可知，我们在某些方面始终都是脆弱的，故此处指一些人声
称他们不脆弱是在骗人，故选C。hesitate犹豫；complain抱怨；
cheat欺骗；wait等待。
√
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( )9.A.motivated B.unwilling C.puzzled D.unafraid
[解析] 根据空前who are dishonest可知，空前提到没人喜欢和不诚
实的人交朋友，故此处指人们也不喜欢和那些不愿意敞开心扉的人
交朋友，故选B。motivated有动机的；unwilling不愿意的；puzzled
困惑的；unafraid不害怕的。
√
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( )10.A.friendship B.wealth
C.performance D.thought
[解析] 结合上文“…develop meaningful social connections with
others.”以及“No one likes to spend much time with people…”可
知，本段与和别人建立社会联系有关，故此处指友谊的形成，故选A。
friendship友谊；wealth财富；performance表演；thought想法。
√
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( )11.A.deal B.meet C.agree D.struggle
[解析] 根据in order to protect ourselves可知，为了保护自己，我
们倾向于与恐惧做斗争，故选D。deal处理；meet遇见；agree同意；
struggle和……做斗争。
√
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( )12.A.obviously B.cautiously C.safely D.gratefully
[解析] 根据上文“…a great…starts by exchanging each other's
vulnerability.”以及下文instead of laughing at us可知，友谊始于双
方交换各自的脆弱，我们对别人展示脆弱时也是在发出信号，他们
也可以安全地和我们分享他们的焦虑，不用担心自己被嘲笑，从而
建立友谊，故选C。obviously明显地；cautiously谨慎地；safely安全
地，毫无风险地；gratefully感激地。
√
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( )13.A.preference B.decision C.emotion D.bravery
[解析] 根据前文“Indeed, it's not easy for us to admit our
vulnerability in front of others.”可知，在他人面前承认自己的脆弱
不是一件容易的事情，故当我们与他人分享脆弱时，他们会尊重我
们的勇气，而不是嘲笑我们，故选D。preference偏爱；decision决
定；emotion情感；bravery勇气。
√
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( )14.A.affected B.impressed C.occupied D.touched
[解析] 根据前文under this shared circumstance可知，在这种相互
分享自己的脆弱的情况下，我们相互尊重，互相鼓励，故受到脆弱
的影响也会变少，故选A。affect影响；impress使钦佩；occupy使忙
于；touch感动。
√
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( )15.A.characteristic B.relationship
C.action D.standard
[解析] 结合第一段中提到的deeper connections以及本段内容可知，
此处是在描述人际交往中的情况，展示脆弱可以加深联系，故此处
指加强了和别人之间的关系，故选B。characteristic特征，特点；
relationship关系；action行动；standard标准。
√
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A.词汇积累
1.subject to使经受,使遭受；取决于，视……而定
2.intimacy n.亲密；密切
3.perceived adj.感知到的
4.reawaken v.勾起，唤起，再次引发(感情、回忆等)
5.for the sake of为了
6.simplicity n.简单(性)；容易(性)；质朴，淳朴
7.dominance n.主导地位,支配地位;优势;主导,支配
8.compromise v. & n.妥协，折中
9.integrity n.完整，完好；诚实正直
10.restoration n.整修，修复；恢复
11.bestie n.最好的朋友；闺蜜；好哥们儿
12.giggle at对……咯咯地笑;傻笑
B.熟词生义
note n.值得注意之处;短笺，便条；笔记，记录；注释，批注；音符；
纸币；语气；气氛 v. 注意，留意；指出，特别提到
As an important note, when we take a classical philosophical
perspective, that of Aristotle, we see the distinction between
potentiality and actuality.(阅读B, Para.4)
【译文】需要特别注意的是，从亚里士多德的古典哲学视角来看，
我们可以看到潜力和现实之间的区别。
快速核答案
高中英语 必修第一册
Unit 4 Friends forever
听课手册
●语境词汇串记
1.significant 2.As 3.anxious 4.qualities 5.distance 6.to
make 7.where 8.unfolding 9.that 10.blindly
●考点互动探究
单词点睛
1.（1）①preference ②to stay （2）①preferred to
jog/jogging behind her ②prefer playing;exercising;prefer to
Play;rather than exercise
2.（1）①to ②delivered；delivery （2）①接生 ②发表
（3）to have an opportunity to deliver a speech here
3.（1）advanced （2）①促进 ②预先的 （3）in
advance/ahead of time
4.（1）tendency （2）照看,照料 （3）tend to recall the
wonderful moments of my childhood
5.（1）①anxiety ②anxiously （2）①was breathless/held
their breath with anxiety/anxiously ②anxious to witness the
final surprise ③Excited but anxious
6.（1）①distant ②from （2）in the distance
7.（1）Fortunately （2）①运气 ②巨款 ③命运 （3）am
fortunate to get an opportunity;have the good fortune to
get an opportunity
8.（1）struck （2）①让（某人）觉得, 给（某人以……）印象
②碰撞 ③划（火柴） ④敲响（钟） ⑤突然想到 （3）①It
struck/hit/occurred to me that ②were all struck with/by her
kindness
短语储存
1.①Keep/Bear in mind ②make/made up my mind
③came/sprang to mind ④With；in mind ⑤flashed through/
crossed my mind
2.（1）①算出 ②想出,拟出 ③理解,明白 ④进展顺利 ⑤锻炼
（2）①work out as we had expected ②Working out in the
morning
3.（1）①turned around ②turned；down ③turn over ④turn
up （2）①which turned out to be a great success ②turn
to；for useful suggestions
句型透视
1.①whichever suits you best ②However/No matter how
serious a problem ③Whenever/No matter when I felt down/sad
2.（1）①Hoping ②Having worked （2）①Giving him an
apologetic smile ②Holding my hands ③Not knowing how
to get in touch with him
●当堂过关检测
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.humorous 2.to seek 3.appointment 4.distant 5.advanced
6.to stay 7.preference 8.delivery 9.anxious fortably
11.iinspiring 12.To maintain 13.Patience 14.fortunate
15.location
Ⅱ 短语填空
1.lost track of/lost contact/touch with 2.ought to
3.keep/bear in mind 4.turned up 5.work out 6.ashamed of
7.heard from 8.Thanks to
Ⅲ 句型训练
1.As the saying goes 2.Whatever/No matter what
happens 3.Stepping onto the stage
4.How I was going to tell my parents the truth
●语言素养提升
Ⅰ 动词变形练
1.blown 2.broke 3.have broken 4.brought 5.buried
6.burst 7.bought
Ⅱ 构词法规则
1.不可预测的，难以预料的 2.平安无事的,平凡的 3.未被赞美
的 4.无法确认的 5.不被承认的
Ⅲ 熟词生义练
1.①账单 ②开账(罚)单 ③议案,法案 2.①空的 ②茫然的,无表情的
3.①阻碍;堵塞 ②一段街区 4.忧郁的;悲伤的
5.①隆隆声,轰鸣 ②迅速发展
●写作素养提升
Part Ⅰ 应用文写作
1.With the summer exchange in Paris coming to an end
2.which records our shared moments and wonderful memories
3.As a forever reminder of our friendship
4.enables us to stay inspired and comforted
5.generous, patient, and humorous spirit
6.look forward to the day you visit China
7.bear in mind
8.staying in touch with me
Part Ⅱ 读后续写
4.情感细节描写——感激与感动
【跟踪演练】
Ⅰ.1.heartfelt gratitude 2.expressed/extended our sincere gratitude
to him 3.tears of gratitude/appreciation 4.moved/touched to tears
5.keeps me touched all the time
Ⅱ.1.tears welled up in her eyes 2.expressing/extending her
heartfelt gratitude 3.Tears of gratitude/appreciation
4.Moved/Touched beyond words 5.showed gratitude/appreciation
to her teammates 6.warmed her heart/soul
7.owed a debt of gratitude to her family/was much grateful/
thankful to her family
作业手册
Ⅰ 阅读理解
1.D 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.C
Ⅱ 阅读七选五
1.G 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.E
Ⅲ 完形填空
1.D 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.C 9.B 10.A 11.D
12.C 13.D 14.A 15.B
