高中英语重要句型总结
一、基础句型(5大基本结构,句子构建核心)
1. 主谓(S+V)
主语+不及物动词,无宾语,可接状语。
例:He runs fast.(他跑得快。) / The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东方升起。)
2. 主谓宾(S+V+O)
主语+及物动词+宾语(名词/代词/动名词等)。
例:She loves English.(她喜欢英语。) / We finished doing homework.(我们做完了作业。)
3. 主系表(S+Link V+P)
主语+系动词(be/feel/look/become等)+表语(名词/形容词/介词短语等)。
例:He is a student.(他是一名学生。) / The cake tastes delicious.(蛋糕尝起来很美味。)
4. 主谓双宾(S+V+IO+DO)
主语+及物动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物),可转换为“主谓宾+介词(to/for)+间接宾语”。
例:My mom bought me a book. = My mom bought a book for me.(妈妈给我买了一本书。)
5. 主谓宾补(S+V+O+C)
主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(形容词/名词/不定式等),补充说明宾语的状态或动作。
例:We keep the room clean.(我们保持房间干净。) / I saw her dance.(我看见她跳舞了。)
二、功能性句型(高频场景:疑问、否定、祈使、感叹)
1. 疑问句
· 一般疑问:Be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他?
例:Do you like music (你喜欢音乐吗?) / Can he swim (他会游泳吗?)
· 特殊疑问:特殊疑问词(what/who/where等)+一般疑问结构?
例:Where did you go yesterday (你昨天去哪了?)
2. 否定句
· 实义动词:主语+助动词(don’t/doesn’t/didn’t)+动词原形+其他。
例:She doesn’t like coffee.(她不喜欢咖啡。)
· Be动词/情态动词:主语+Be动词/情态动词+not+其他。
例:He is not here.(他不在这。) / You can’t smoke here.(你不能在这抽烟。)
3. 祈使句(前文已学,核心回顾)
· 肯定:动词原形+其他(表指令/建议)。例:Open the window.(打开窗户。)
· 否定:Don’t+动词原形+其他。例:Don’t be late.(别迟到。)
4. 感叹句
· What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!
例:What a beautiful girl she is!(她是多么漂亮的女孩啊!)
· How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!
例:How fast he runs!(他跑得真快啊!)
三、复合句核心句型(三大类从句,高考重点)
1. 状语从句(修饰主句动作/状态,按功能分类)
从句类型 常用连接词 例句
时间状语从句 when/while/as(当…时)、until(直到) I was reading when he came in.(他进来时我正在看书。)
条件状语从句 if(如果)、unless(除非) You will pass the exam if you study hard.(如果你努力学习,就能通过考试。)
原因状语从句 because/since(因为) He didn’t go to school because he was ill.(他因为生病没上学。)
让步状语从句 though/although(虽然) Though it rained, we still went out.(虽然下雨了,我们还是出去了。)
结果状语从句 so…that…(如此…以至于) He is so tall that he can reach the shelf.(他太高了,能碰到架子。)
2. 宾语从句(作主句宾语,常接在动词/介词后)
·连接词:that(陈述句,可省略)、if/whether(一般疑问句,“是否”)、特殊疑问词(what/who等)。
·语序:必须用陈述语序(连接词+主语+谓语)。
例:I think(that)he is right.(我认为他是对的。) / Do you know where he lives (你知道他住在哪吗?)
3. 定语从句(修饰名词/代词,作定语)
·核心结构:先行词(被修饰的词)+关系词(who/whom/which/that/whose等)+从句。
·关系词作用:指代先行词,在从句中作成分(主语/宾语/定语等)。
例:This is the book which I bought yesterday.(这是我昨天买的书。)(which指代book,在从句中作宾语)
例:The girl who is singing is my sister.(正在唱歌的女孩是我妹妹。)(who指代girl,在从句中作主语)
四、高频特殊句型(写作提分&阅读高频)
1. There be句型(表“某地有某物”,be动词随主语单复数变化)
例:There is a park near my home.(我家附近有一个公园。) / There are many students in the classroom.(教室里有很多学生。)
2. It句型(形式主语/形式宾语,避免句子头重脚轻)
·It is + adj. + to do sth.(it作形式主语,真正主语是to do sth.)
例:It is important to learn English.(学英语很重要。)
·It takes sb. + time + to do sth.(“做某事花费某人多长时间”)
例:It takes me 30 minutes to go to school.(我上学要花30分钟。)
3. 被动语态句型(主语是动作的承受者,结构:be + 过去分词)
例:The letter was written by her.(这封信是她写的。) / English is spoken in many countries.(很多国家说英语。)
4. 比较级句型
·比较级+than:He is taller than me.(他比我高。)
·the + 比较级…, the + 比较级…(“越…,越…”):The harder you work, the better grades you will get.(你越努力,成绩越好。)
5. 情态动词相关句型
·情态动词+have done(表对过去的推测/遗憾):
例:You must have finished your homework.(你肯定做完作业了。)(must have done表“过去一定做了某事”)
例:I should have studied harder.(我本应该更努力学习的。)(should have done表“过去本应该做却没做”)
巩固练习
一、基础句型(1-10题)
( ) 1. My mother often ______ delicious food for my family.(主谓宾句型·动词时态)
A. cook B. cooks C. cooking D. cooked
( ) 2. The flowers in the garden ______ very beautiful.(主系表句型·系动词)
A. look B. looks C. is looking D. looked
( ) 3. Tom ______ his little brother a story every night.(主谓双宾句型·固定搭配)
A. tells B. says C. speaks D. talks
( ) 4. We all think the film ______ very interesting.(主谓宾补句型·补语)
A. is B. be C. to be D. being
( ) 5. The sun ______ in the east and sets in the west.(主谓句型·客观真理时态)
A. rise B. rises C. rose D. rising
( ) 6. My teacher always ______ me to study hard.(主谓宾补句型·不定式作补语)
A. ask B. asks C. asking D. asked
( ) 7. This story ______ him very sad yesterday.(主谓宾补句型·形容词作补语)
A. make B. makes C. made D. making
( ) 8. I ______ a new bike from my father last week.(主谓双宾句型·介词搭配)
A. got B. got to C. got for D. got with
( ) 9. The little boy ______ very happy when he saw his mother.(主系表句型·时态)
A. is B. was C. are D. were
( ) 10. They ______ basketball on the playground every afternoon.(主谓宾句型·动词)
A. play B. plays C. played D. playing
二、功能性句型(11-20题)
( ) 11. ______ open the window, please It’s too hot here.(祈使句·委婉请求)
A. Do you B. Will you C. Are you D. Have you
( ) 12. ______ late for school again, or the teacher will be angry.(否定祈使句)
A. Don’t be B. Not be C. Don’t to be D. Be not
( ) 13. ______ beautiful park it is! I want to visit it again.(感叹句·What用法)
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
( ) 14. ______ fast the runner runs! He must be the winner.(感叹句·How用法)
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
( ) 15. —______ did you finish your homework —Last night.(特殊疑问句·疑问词)
A. When B. Where C. Why D. How
( ) 16. —______ you speak French —No, I can’t, but I can speak English.(一般疑问句·情态动词)
A. Do B. Can C. Will D. Have
( ) 17. She ______ watch TV last night because she had too much homework.(否定句·过去时)
A. don’t B. doesn’t C. didn’t D. wasn’t
( ) 18. ______ quiet in the library. Everyone is reading.(祈使句·肯定式)
A. Be B. Is C. Are D. Do
( ) 19. —______ is the nearest bank from here —About 10 minutes’ walk.(特殊疑问句·疑问词)
A. How far B. How long C. How often D. How soon
( ) 20. ______ play football in the street. It’s dangerous.(否定祈使句)
A. Not B. Don’t C. Doesn’t D. Isn’t
三、复合句(21-35题)
状语从句
( ) 21. I will call you ______ I arrive in Beijing tomorrow.(时间状语从句·连接词)
A. when B. while C. until D. since
( ) 22. You will fail the exam ______ you study hard from now on.(条件状语从句·连接词)
A. if B. unless C. because D. though
( ) 23. He didn’t go to work ______ he was seriously ill.(原因状语从句·连接词)
A. so B. because C. though D. but
( ) 24. ______ it rained heavily, we still walked to the museum.(让步状语从句·连接词)
A. Because B. Though C. So D. If
( ) 25. The box is ______ heavy ______ I can’t carry it.(结果状语从句·so…that)
A. too; to B. so; that C. such; that D. enough; to
宾语从句
( ) 26. Could you tell me ______ the nearest post office is (宾语从句·陈述语序)
A. where B. where is C. what D. what is
( ) 27. I don’t know ______ he will come to the party or not.(宾语从句·whether用法)
A. if B. whether C. that D. when
( ) 28. She said that she ______ to visit her grandparents the next day.(宾语从句·时态)
A. go B. goes C. will go D. would go
( ) 29. Do you remember ______ we met for the first time (宾语从句·疑问词)
A. when B. when did C. where did D. how did
( ) 30. My father told me that practice ______ perfect.(宾语从句·客观真理时态)
A. make B. makes C. made D. making
定语从句
( ) 31. This is the book ______ I borrowed from the library last week.(定语从句·关系代词)
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
( ) 32. The girl ______ is talking with our teacher is my best friend.(定语从句·关系代词)
A. who B. which C. whose D. whom
( ) 33. This is the house ______ windows face south.(定语从句·关系代词whose)
A. who B. which C. whose D. whom
( ) 34. I will never forget the day ______ I joined the English club.(定语从句·关系副词)
A. when B. which C. that D. where
( ) 35. The school ______ I studied five years ago has changed a lot.(定语从句·关系副词)
A. where B. which C. who D. when
四、高频特殊句型(36-50题)
( ) 36. ______ a small river in front of my hometown.(There be句型·主谓一致)
A. There is B. There are C. There was D. There were
( ) 37. ______ important for us to learn English well.(It句型·形式主语)
A. This is B. That is C. It is D. They are
( ) 38. It ______ me two hours to finish my math homework yesterday.(It句型·take用法)
A. take B. takes C. took D. will take
( ) 39. A new hospital ______ in our city next year.(被动语态·将来时)
A. builds B. will build C. will be built D. is built
( ) 40. The harder you study, ______ grades you will get.(比较级句型·the+比较级)
A. better B. the better C. best D. the best
( ) 41. There ______ a football match on TV this evening. Let’s watch it.(There be句型·将来时)
A. will be B. is C. are D. was
( ) 42. The letter ______ by my brother yesterday afternoon.(被动语态·过去时)
A. writes B. wrote C. is written D. was written
( ) 43. It is necessary ______ us to exercise every day.(It句型·介词for)
A. to B. for C. of D. with
( ) 44. He ______ have finished his work, because he is playing outside now.(情态动词+have done)
A. must B. can C. may D. need
( ) 45. You ______ have told me the truth earlier. Now it’s too late.(情态动词+have done)
A. should B. must C. can D. will
( ) 46. There ______ some milk and two eggs in the fridge. Let’s make breakfast.(There be句型·就近原则)
A. is B. are C. was D. were
( ) 47. The book ______ by many students since it was published.(被动语态·现在完成时)
A. reads B. is read C. has read D. has been read
( ) 48. It ______ three years since we last met each other.(It句型·since用法)
A. is B. was C. will be D. has been
( ) 49. This story is ______ interesting ______ all the children like it.(结果状语从句·such…that)
A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. enough; to
( ) 50. The classroom ______ every day to keep it clean.(被动语态·一般现在时)
A. cleans B. is cleaned C. cleaned D. was cleaned
答案详解
、
一、基础句型(1-10题)
1. B(主谓宾句型,主语为第三人称单数,一般现在时动词用三单形式)
2. A(主系表句型,look为系动词,主语复数,用原形)
3. A(主谓双宾句型,“tell sb. a story”为固定搭配,表“给某人讲故事”)
4. C(主谓宾补句型,“think + 宾语 + to be + 补语”为固定结构)
5. B(主谓句型,客观真理用一般现在时,主语单数,动词用三单)
6. B(主谓宾补句型,“ask sb. to do sth.”,主语三单,一般现在时动词用三单)
7. C(主谓宾补句型,yesterday表过去时,make用过去式made)
8. A(主谓双宾句型,“get sb. sth.”=“get sth. for sb.”,此处直接接双宾,用got)
9. B(主系表句型,when引导的时间状语从句为过去时,主句也用过去时,主语单数)
10. A(主谓宾句型,every afternoon表一般现在时,主语复数,动词用原形)
二、功能性句型(11-20题)
11. B(祈使句的委婉请求,“Will you + 动词原形”表礼貌询问)
12. A(否定祈使句,“Don’t + be动词原形”,be late为固定搭配)
13. B(感叹句,中心词为可数名词单数park,用“What a + 形容词 + 名词”结构)
14. C(感叹句,中心词为副词fast,用“How + 副词”结构)
15. A(特殊疑问句,答语为时间,用when提问)
16. B(一般疑问句,答语含can’t,问句用can引导)
17. C(否定句,last night表过去时,实义动词watch的否定需借助didn’t)
18. A(肯定祈使句,“Be + 形容词”表指令,此处“Be quiet”为固定搭配)
19. A(特殊疑问句,答语为距离,用how far提问)
20. B(否定祈使句,实义动词play的否定用“Don’t + 动词原形”)
三、复合句(21-35题)
状语从句
21. A(时间状语从句,“当……时”,arrive为短暂性动词,用when;while后接延续性动词)
22. B(条件状语从句,“除非”,unless = if not,符合“除非努力否则会失败”的逻辑)
23. B(原因状语从句,“因为”,此处表直接原因,用because)
24. B(让步状语从句,“虽然”,though表转折,符合“下雨仍去博物馆”的逻辑)
25. B(结果状语从句,“如此……以至于”,heavy为形容词,用“so + 形容词 + that”;such后接名词)
宾语从句
26. A(宾语从句需用陈述语序,“where + 主语 + be动词”,此处询问地点,用where)
27. B(宾语从句,“whether…or not”为固定搭配,if不能与or not连用)
28. D(宾语从句时态呼应,主句said为过去时,从句表“第二天去”,用过去将来时would go)
29. A(宾语从句需用陈述语序,“when + 主语 + 谓语”,此处询问时间,用when)
30. B(宾语从句表客观真理,“熟能生巧”为固定真理,时态不受主句过去时影响,用一般现在时三单)
定语从句
31. C(定语从句,先行词为物the book,关系代词在从句中作宾语,用which)
32. A(定语从句,先行词为人the girl,关系代词在从句中作主语,用who)
33. C(定语从句,先行词为the house,关系代词在从句中作定语(修饰windows),用whose)
34. A(定语从句,先行词为时间the day,关系副词在从句中作时间状语,用when)
35. A(定语从句,先行词为地点the school,关系副词在从句中作地点状语,用where)
四、高频特殊句型(36-50题)
36. A(There be句型,表现在存在的状态,主语a small river为单数,用There is)
37. C(It句型,“It is + 形容词 + to do sth.”,it为形式主语,真正主语为to learn English)
38. C(It句型,“It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth.”,yesterday表过去时,take用过去式took)
39. C(被动语态,next year表将来时,“will be + 过去分词”表将来被动)
40. B(比较级句型,“the + 比较级…, the + 比较级…”,表“越……越……”,用the better)
41. A(There be句型,this evening表将来时,用“There will be”)
42. D(被动语态,yesterday afternoon表过去时,“was + 过去分词”表过去被动)
43. B(It句型,“It is + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.”,necessary修饰事情,用介词for)
44. A(情态动词+have done,“must have done”表“过去一定做了某事”,符合“在玩说明肯定完成工作”的逻辑)
45. A(情态动词+have done,“should have done”表“过去本应该做却没做”,符合“本应早点说真相”的语境)
46. A(There be句型,就近原则,靠近be动词的主语some milk为不可数名词,用is)
47. D(被动语态,since表现在完成时,“has been + 过去分词”表现在完成被动)
48. A(It句型,“It is + 时间段 + since…”为固定结构,表“自从……以来已多久”,可用is或has been,此处选is更常用)
49. B(结果状语从句,“such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that”,interesting修饰不可数名词story,用such…that;so后接形容词/副词)
50. B(被动语态,every day表一般现在时,“is + 过去分词”表一般现在被动)