高中语法定语从句讲义素材 -2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项
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| 名称 | 高中语法定语从句讲义素材 -2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项 |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-09-29 01:09:19 | ||
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定语从句
定语从句包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种。定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的作用，是把作定语的从句和主句中被修饰的先行词连接在一起，而且在从句中充当一个句子成分。
1.This is the teacher who often tells jokes.
(这就是那个常讲笑话的老师。)
2.Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.
(想去长城的人在这里签名。)
3.Water, which is a liquid , has many uses.
(水是一种液体，有很多用途。)
定语从句概述
定语从句的定义
在复合句中，用于修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词包括关系代词who(宾格 whom，所有格whose)，that，which和关系副词where，when，why等。
The boy who is wearing a black coat bought an iPod yesterday.
(穿着黑色外套的男孩昨天买了一个iPad。)
The noodles that/which my mother cooked ware delicious.(我妈妈煮的低条很好吃。)
The school where I learned judo was very large.(我学习柔道的学校非常大。)
I remember the day when our band was formed.(我记得我们乐队成立的日子。)
I don't know the reason why she got so angry this morning.(我不知道她今天早上为什么那么生气。)
定语从句的种类
定语从句可以分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。学习时要明确两者的意义和区别。
1.限定性定语从句
限定性定语从句又称为限制性定语从句，它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或者就完全失去意义。限定性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开。如果关系代词在限定性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词通常可以省略。
Do you know the girl who just came in (你认识刚才进来的那个女孩吗 )
Shanghai is a city (that) I've always wanted to visit.(上海是一座我一直想要去游览的城市。)she met a man
Her sister married a man (who/whom/that) she met on a plane.(她的姐姐嫁给了一个她在飞机上认识的人。)
The time when I first met Mr. White was a very difficult period of my life.(第一次见到怀特先生的时候，我正处于一生中非常艰难的时期。)
2非限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句又称为非限制性定语从句，它只是对先行词作附加补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚、完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切，书写时往往用逗号分开。非限定性定语从句一般不用that引导,关系词不可以省略。
The old woman, who lives on her own, has a cat for company.(那位老妇人一个人住，有一只猫做伴。)
Lori is going to marry Mark, whom she does not love.(罗丽准备嫁给马克，可她并不爱他。)
Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a very beautiful city.(中国的首都北京是一座非常美丽的城市。)
限制性和非限制性定语从句
根据从句与主句的关系是否紧密来区分，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句或非限制性定语从句两大类。
所谓限制性定语从句，它的作用是对先行词起修饰、限制或确定的作用，若去掉，先行词的意思就不明确，它是不可缺少的一部分，它与先行词的关系密不可分，不可用逗号将其分开。
而非限制性定语从句的作用则只是对先行词起补充说明作用，它是可有可无的，与先行词关系松散，通常用逗号将其分开。因此，有无逗号通常是区分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的重要标志。
从所使用的关系词来看，在限制性定语从句中，that可以代替who, whom和which等，但在非限制性定语从句中不能用 that。如:
He changed his mind, which made me very angry.他改变了主意，这使我很生气。
句中的which引导非限制性定语从句，不可换成that。
Then he met Mary, who invited him to a party.后来他遇到玛丽，玛丽邀请他去参加晚会。
句中的who引导非限制性定语从句，不可换成that。
另外，关系副词when和where既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句;但关系副词why则只能引导限制性定语从句，不能引导非限制性定语从句。
We'll put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better.我们将把野餐推迟到下星期，那时天气可能会好一点。
Barbary was working in Aubury, where she went daily in a bus.巴巴拉在奥伯里工作，每天得坐公共汽车去上班。
3限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句中关系代词的使用情形
限定性定语从句 非限定性定语从句
与先行词关系密切
（删掉后影响整个意思的表达） 与先行词关系不密切
（是一种补充说明，删掉后不影响整个意思的表达）
不用逗号分开 一般使用逗号分开
可以用关系代词that 不可以用关系代词that
关系代词可以省略
（that，who，which在从句中担任宾语时可以省略） 关系代词不可以省略
关系代词可以替代
（whom作宾语时可以用who或that代替） 关系代词不可以替代
读时不停顿 读时停顿，用降调
只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分 可以修饰主句或主句的一部分，此时一定有逗号分开，只能用which或as引导
关系代词用法
1. that的用法
that是所有关系代词中最常用的，它既可指人也可指物，既可用作主语也可用作宾语。
如:This is the photo (that) I took. 这就是我拍的照片。
引导定语从句的关系代词that在此指事，且在定语从句中用作宾语，故可以省略。
They live in a house that was built 200 years ago.他们住在一座两百年前盖的房子里。
引导定语从句的关系代词that在此指物，且在定语从句中用作主语，故不可以省略。
The man that I saw told me to come here.我见到的人让我到这里来。
引导定语从句的关系代词that在此指人，且在定语从句中用作宾语，故可以省略。
2. who / whom的用法
关系代词who和whom均只能指人，不能指物;从理论上说，who是主格，在定语从句中用作主语;whom是宾格，在定语从句中用作宾语。但在实际运用中，除非是直接用作介词后作宾语，否则凡是用宾格whom的地方。如:
I met someone who said he knew you.我碰到一个人，他说认识你。
引导定语从句的关系代词who在此指人，且在定语从句中用作主语，故不可以省略。
She is the girl (who, whom) you saw in school.她就是你在学校见到的那个女孩。
关系代词在定语从句中用作宾语，从理论上说应用whom，但也可以用who;由于是用作主语，所以它们也可以省略。
注意，如果关系代词是直接用作介词后作宾语，不可以用who来代替whom。如: The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.我和她谈话的那个姑娘是我表妹。句中的whom直接用在介词to的后面作宾语，故不可省略。
3.whose的用法
不要以为关系代词whose只用于指人，其实它也可以用于指事物;whose在定语从句中主要用作定语。如:
He is the man whose car was stolen.他就是汽车被窃的人。
It was an island whose name I have forgotten.这是一座岛，名字我忘了。
第一句中的关系代词whose指人，第二句中的关系代词whose指物。
关系代词that和which的用法
两者都可用于指代物，但使用场合存在差别。
在限定性定语从句中指代物时，which和that一般可以通用
The new house that/which I have just bought is about six miles away.
(我新买的房子在大约6英里以外。)
They planted some trees that/which didn't need much water.(他们种了一些不需要太多水的树。)
限定性定语从句中只用that而不用which的情况
主句已有疑问词who或which时
Which of the cars that are in front of the hotel belongs to you
(旅馆前面的小汽车中哪辆属于你 )
Who is the man that is sitting by the lake (坐在湖边的男人是谁 )
先行词既有人又有物时
He talked about the schools and teachers that he had visited.
(他谈到了他访问过的学校和老师。)
The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station.
(撞倒一位老人的那辆自行车和骑车人都被送到了警察局。)
先行词为all, much, few, little, something, every- thing, anything, nothing，none等不定代词时
It's easy to do the repair. All that you need is a hammer and some nails.
(做修理很容易。你所需要的全部东西是一把锤子和一些钉子。)
We haven't got much that we can offer you.
(我们没有太多能向你们提供的东西。)
o r'd like to tell you something that will make you surprised.
(我想告诉你一件会使你感到惊奇的事。)
先行词有形容词最高级修饰时
This is the best way that has been used against pollution.(这是用来防止污染的最好的办法。)
Polly is the most direct young woman that I have ever come across.(波莉是我所见到的最直爽的年轻女性。)
先行词有序数词修饰时
This is the third time that they have met.(这是他们第三次见面。)
The first time that Lester saw the film, he made up his mind to become a director.
(莱斯特第一次观看那部电影时，就下定决心要成为一名导演。)
先行词有the very, the only. the same, any. few. little, no, all, one of等词修饰时
This is the very room that I slept in that evening.(这正是我那天晚上睡过的房间。)
Li Ming is the only one that wants to be a teacher.(李明是惟一一个想当老师的人。)
The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.(我们惟一能够做的，就是给你一些钱。)
有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个宜用that
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
(爱迪生建了一家工厂，生产过去从未见到过的东西。)
只用which而不用that的情况
引导非限定性定语从句时只用which而不用that
The fish, which I bought this morning, is very fresh
(x) The fish, that I bought this morning, is very fresh.(我今天早上买的鱼很新鲜。)
My house, which I bought two years ago, has got a lovely garden.
(我两年前买的那幢房子，带一座漂亮的花园。)
Jim passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the office.
(吉姆通过了驾驶考试，这使得办公室里的每一个人都很惊讶。)
Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy him.
(海伦对她最小的儿子比对其他孩子好得多，这当然使得其他孩子嫉妒他。)
The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, most of which are sold abroad.
(这家工厂每年生产50万双鞋，大都销往国外。)
London, which is the capital of the UK, is a very beautiful city.
(英国的首都伦敦是一座非常美丽的城市。)
b在限定性定语从句中，关系代词前有介词时只用which而不用that
I was put in a position in which I had to accept I was less important.
(我被置于一个要被迫接受低人一等现实的境地。)
This is the hotel in which you will stay.
= This's the hotel (which/that) you will stay in.(这就是你将要住的旅馆。)
在限定性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的关系词是that，那么另一句的关系词就零用which
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open. (让我给你看看我从新开放的图书馆借来的小说。)
关系副词的用法
1. when的用法
关系副词when在定语从句中用作状语，表示时间，用以修饰表示时间的先行词;在许多情况下可以理解为“介词+which”的意思(which的意思与先行词所表示的意思等价)，其中的“介词”通常应根据先行词的含与搭配来确定。如:
1988 was the year when he was born.1988是他的出生年。
句中的when he was born为修饰the year的定语从句，关系副词when在此相当于in which。表示在某一年，英语习惯上用介词in，如in 1988,in2008等，所以此处用in which。
I'll never forget the day when I first met you.我永远不会忘记第一次见你的那天。
句中的when I first met you为修饰the day的定语从句，关系副词when在此相当于on which。表示在某一天，英语习惯上用介词on，如on that day, on Friday等，所以此处用on which。
Don't forget the time when the wedding will start.不要忘记婚礼开始的时间。
句中的when the wedding will start为修饰the time的定语从句，关系副词when在此相当于at which。表示在某一时刻，英语习惯上用介词at，如at that time, at the moment等，所以此处用at which。此处用at which。
2.where的用法
关系副词where在定语从句中也是用作状语，表示地点，用以修饰表示地点的先行词;在许多情况下也可以理解为“介词+which”的意思(which的意思与先行词所表示的意思等价)，其中的“介词”通常应根据先行词的含与搭配来确定。如:
What is the name of the town where you live 你住的那个城市叫什么名字
句中的where you live为修饰the town的定语从句，关系副词where在此相当于in which。表示在住在某城市，英语习惯上说明live in a city，所以此处用at which。
This cross marks the spot where she died.这个十字符号标明她死去的地点。
句中的where she died为修饰the spot的定语从句，关系副词where在此相当于at which。表示在在某一地点，英语习惯上说明at a spot，所以此处用at which。
3.why的用法
关系副词why在定语从句中也是用作状语，表示原因;why引导定语从句时，其先行词只有一个，那就是the reason;在许多情况下why也可以理解为for which。如:
These are the reasons why we do it. 这些就是我们这样做的理由。
句中的why we do it为修饰the reason的定语从句，关系副词why在此相当于for which。
Do you know the reason why she doesn't like me 你知道她不喜欢我的原因吗
句中的why she doesn't like me为修饰the reason的定语从句，关系副词why在此相当于for which。
why是一个比较特殊的关系副词，它引导定语从句时，除可换成for which外，有时也可换成that，甚至省略。如:
他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒。
正:The main reason why he lost his job was that he drank.
正:The main reason for which he lost his job was that he drank.
正:The main reason that he lost his job was that he drank.
正:The main reason he lost his job was that he drank.
定语从句包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种。定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的作用，是把作定语的从句和主句中被修饰的先行词连接在一起，而且在从句中充当一个句子成分。
1.This is the teacher who often tells jokes.
(这就是那个常讲笑话的老师。)
2.Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.
(想去长城的人在这里签名。)
3.Water, which is a liquid , has many uses.
(水是一种液体，有很多用途。)
定语从句概述
定语从句的定义
在复合句中，用于修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词包括关系代词who(宾格 whom，所有格whose)，that，which和关系副词where，when，why等。
The boy who is wearing a black coat bought an iPod yesterday.
(穿着黑色外套的男孩昨天买了一个iPad。)
The noodles that/which my mother cooked ware delicious.(我妈妈煮的低条很好吃。)
The school where I learned judo was very large.(我学习柔道的学校非常大。)
I remember the day when our band was formed.(我记得我们乐队成立的日子。)
I don't know the reason why she got so angry this morning.(我不知道她今天早上为什么那么生气。)
定语从句的种类
定语从句可以分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。学习时要明确两者的意义和区别。
1.限定性定语从句
限定性定语从句又称为限制性定语从句，它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或者就完全失去意义。限定性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开。如果关系代词在限定性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词通常可以省略。
Do you know the girl who just came in (你认识刚才进来的那个女孩吗 )
Shanghai is a city (that) I've always wanted to visit.(上海是一座我一直想要去游览的城市。)she met a man
Her sister married a man (who/whom/that) she met on a plane.(她的姐姐嫁给了一个她在飞机上认识的人。)
The time when I first met Mr. White was a very difficult period of my life.(第一次见到怀特先生的时候，我正处于一生中非常艰难的时期。)
2非限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句又称为非限制性定语从句，它只是对先行词作附加补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚、完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切，书写时往往用逗号分开。非限定性定语从句一般不用that引导,关系词不可以省略。
The old woman, who lives on her own, has a cat for company.(那位老妇人一个人住，有一只猫做伴。)
Lori is going to marry Mark, whom she does not love.(罗丽准备嫁给马克，可她并不爱他。)
Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a very beautiful city.(中国的首都北京是一座非常美丽的城市。)
限制性和非限制性定语从句
根据从句与主句的关系是否紧密来区分，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句或非限制性定语从句两大类。
所谓限制性定语从句，它的作用是对先行词起修饰、限制或确定的作用，若去掉，先行词的意思就不明确，它是不可缺少的一部分，它与先行词的关系密不可分，不可用逗号将其分开。
而非限制性定语从句的作用则只是对先行词起补充说明作用，它是可有可无的，与先行词关系松散，通常用逗号将其分开。因此，有无逗号通常是区分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的重要标志。
从所使用的关系词来看，在限制性定语从句中，that可以代替who, whom和which等，但在非限制性定语从句中不能用 that。如:
He changed his mind, which made me very angry.他改变了主意，这使我很生气。
句中的which引导非限制性定语从句，不可换成that。
Then he met Mary, who invited him to a party.后来他遇到玛丽，玛丽邀请他去参加晚会。
句中的who引导非限制性定语从句，不可换成that。
另外，关系副词when和where既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句;但关系副词why则只能引导限制性定语从句，不能引导非限制性定语从句。
We'll put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better.我们将把野餐推迟到下星期，那时天气可能会好一点。
Barbary was working in Aubury, where she went daily in a bus.巴巴拉在奥伯里工作，每天得坐公共汽车去上班。
3限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句中关系代词的使用情形
限定性定语从句 非限定性定语从句
与先行词关系密切
（删掉后影响整个意思的表达） 与先行词关系不密切
（是一种补充说明，删掉后不影响整个意思的表达）
不用逗号分开 一般使用逗号分开
可以用关系代词that 不可以用关系代词that
关系代词可以省略
（that，who，which在从句中担任宾语时可以省略） 关系代词不可以省略
关系代词可以替代
（whom作宾语时可以用who或that代替） 关系代词不可以替代
读时不停顿 读时停顿，用降调
只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分 可以修饰主句或主句的一部分，此时一定有逗号分开，只能用which或as引导
关系代词用法
1. that的用法
that是所有关系代词中最常用的，它既可指人也可指物，既可用作主语也可用作宾语。
如:This is the photo (that) I took. 这就是我拍的照片。
引导定语从句的关系代词that在此指事，且在定语从句中用作宾语，故可以省略。
They live in a house that was built 200 years ago.他们住在一座两百年前盖的房子里。
引导定语从句的关系代词that在此指物，且在定语从句中用作主语，故不可以省略。
The man that I saw told me to come here.我见到的人让我到这里来。
引导定语从句的关系代词that在此指人，且在定语从句中用作宾语，故可以省略。
2. who / whom的用法
关系代词who和whom均只能指人，不能指物;从理论上说，who是主格，在定语从句中用作主语;whom是宾格，在定语从句中用作宾语。但在实际运用中，除非是直接用作介词后作宾语，否则凡是用宾格whom的地方。如:
I met someone who said he knew you.我碰到一个人，他说认识你。
引导定语从句的关系代词who在此指人，且在定语从句中用作主语，故不可以省略。
She is the girl (who, whom) you saw in school.她就是你在学校见到的那个女孩。
关系代词在定语从句中用作宾语，从理论上说应用whom，但也可以用who;由于是用作主语，所以它们也可以省略。
注意，如果关系代词是直接用作介词后作宾语，不可以用who来代替whom。如: The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.我和她谈话的那个姑娘是我表妹。句中的whom直接用在介词to的后面作宾语，故不可省略。
3.whose的用法
不要以为关系代词whose只用于指人，其实它也可以用于指事物;whose在定语从句中主要用作定语。如:
He is the man whose car was stolen.他就是汽车被窃的人。
It was an island whose name I have forgotten.这是一座岛，名字我忘了。
第一句中的关系代词whose指人，第二句中的关系代词whose指物。
关系代词that和which的用法
两者都可用于指代物，但使用场合存在差别。
在限定性定语从句中指代物时，which和that一般可以通用
The new house that/which I have just bought is about six miles away.
(我新买的房子在大约6英里以外。)
They planted some trees that/which didn't need much water.(他们种了一些不需要太多水的树。)
限定性定语从句中只用that而不用which的情况
主句已有疑问词who或which时
Which of the cars that are in front of the hotel belongs to you
(旅馆前面的小汽车中哪辆属于你 )
Who is the man that is sitting by the lake (坐在湖边的男人是谁 )
先行词既有人又有物时
He talked about the schools and teachers that he had visited.
(他谈到了他访问过的学校和老师。)
The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station.
(撞倒一位老人的那辆自行车和骑车人都被送到了警察局。)
先行词为all, much, few, little, something, every- thing, anything, nothing，none等不定代词时
It's easy to do the repair. All that you need is a hammer and some nails.
(做修理很容易。你所需要的全部东西是一把锤子和一些钉子。)
We haven't got much that we can offer you.
(我们没有太多能向你们提供的东西。)
o r'd like to tell you something that will make you surprised.
(我想告诉你一件会使你感到惊奇的事。)
先行词有形容词最高级修饰时
This is the best way that has been used against pollution.(这是用来防止污染的最好的办法。)
Polly is the most direct young woman that I have ever come across.(波莉是我所见到的最直爽的年轻女性。)
先行词有序数词修饰时
This is the third time that they have met.(这是他们第三次见面。)
The first time that Lester saw the film, he made up his mind to become a director.
(莱斯特第一次观看那部电影时，就下定决心要成为一名导演。)
先行词有the very, the only. the same, any. few. little, no, all, one of等词修饰时
This is the very room that I slept in that evening.(这正是我那天晚上睡过的房间。)
Li Ming is the only one that wants to be a teacher.(李明是惟一一个想当老师的人。)
The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.(我们惟一能够做的，就是给你一些钱。)
有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个宜用that
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
(爱迪生建了一家工厂，生产过去从未见到过的东西。)
只用which而不用that的情况
引导非限定性定语从句时只用which而不用that
The fish, which I bought this morning, is very fresh
(x) The fish, that I bought this morning, is very fresh.(我今天早上买的鱼很新鲜。)
My house, which I bought two years ago, has got a lovely garden.
(我两年前买的那幢房子，带一座漂亮的花园。)
Jim passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the office.
(吉姆通过了驾驶考试，这使得办公室里的每一个人都很惊讶。)
Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy him.
(海伦对她最小的儿子比对其他孩子好得多，这当然使得其他孩子嫉妒他。)
The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, most of which are sold abroad.
(这家工厂每年生产50万双鞋，大都销往国外。)
London, which is the capital of the UK, is a very beautiful city.
(英国的首都伦敦是一座非常美丽的城市。)
b在限定性定语从句中，关系代词前有介词时只用which而不用that
I was put in a position in which I had to accept I was less important.
(我被置于一个要被迫接受低人一等现实的境地。)
This is the hotel in which you will stay.
= This's the hotel (which/that) you will stay in.(这就是你将要住的旅馆。)
在限定性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的关系词是that，那么另一句的关系词就零用which
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open. (让我给你看看我从新开放的图书馆借来的小说。)
关系副词的用法
1. when的用法
关系副词when在定语从句中用作状语，表示时间，用以修饰表示时间的先行词;在许多情况下可以理解为“介词+which”的意思(which的意思与先行词所表示的意思等价)，其中的“介词”通常应根据先行词的含与搭配来确定。如:
1988 was the year when he was born.1988是他的出生年。
句中的when he was born为修饰the year的定语从句，关系副词when在此相当于in which。表示在某一年，英语习惯上用介词in，如in 1988,in2008等，所以此处用in which。
I'll never forget the day when I first met you.我永远不会忘记第一次见你的那天。
句中的when I first met you为修饰the day的定语从句，关系副词when在此相当于on which。表示在某一天，英语习惯上用介词on，如on that day, on Friday等，所以此处用on which。
Don't forget the time when the wedding will start.不要忘记婚礼开始的时间。
句中的when the wedding will start为修饰the time的定语从句，关系副词when在此相当于at which。表示在某一时刻，英语习惯上用介词at，如at that time, at the moment等，所以此处用at which。此处用at which。
2.where的用法
关系副词where在定语从句中也是用作状语，表示地点，用以修饰表示地点的先行词;在许多情况下也可以理解为“介词+which”的意思(which的意思与先行词所表示的意思等价)，其中的“介词”通常应根据先行词的含与搭配来确定。如:
What is the name of the town where you live 你住的那个城市叫什么名字
句中的where you live为修饰the town的定语从句，关系副词where在此相当于in which。表示在住在某城市，英语习惯上说明live in a city，所以此处用at which。
This cross marks the spot where she died.这个十字符号标明她死去的地点。
句中的where she died为修饰the spot的定语从句，关系副词where在此相当于at which。表示在在某一地点，英语习惯上说明at a spot，所以此处用at which。
3.why的用法
关系副词why在定语从句中也是用作状语，表示原因;why引导定语从句时，其先行词只有一个，那就是the reason;在许多情况下why也可以理解为for which。如:
These are the reasons why we do it. 这些就是我们这样做的理由。
句中的why we do it为修饰the reason的定语从句，关系副词why在此相当于for which。
Do you know the reason why she doesn't like me 你知道她不喜欢我的原因吗
句中的why she doesn't like me为修饰the reason的定语从句，关系副词why在此相当于for which。
why是一个比较特殊的关系副词，它引导定语从句时，除可换成for which外，有时也可换成that，甚至省略。如:
他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒。
正:The main reason why he lost his job was that he drank.
正:The main reason for which he lost his job was that he drank.
正:The main reason that he lost his job was that he drank.
正:The main reason he lost his job was that he drank.