Unit 6 Disaster and hope
● 语境词汇串记
1.threaten 2.that/which 3.combination 4.challenging
5.but 6.precisely 7.providing 8.are built 9.trapped
10.that
● 考点互动探究
单词点睛
(1)①occurred ②occurrence ③to wander
(2)①It immediately occurred to/struck/hit her that
②A good idea suddenly occurred to/struck/hit the twins
(1)①from ②rescuer (2)came to my rescue
(1)①声称 ②认领 ③索赔 ④夺去(生命)
(2)claimed to have seen; It is claimed that
(1)from (2)①shelter the local people from
②Under the shelter of my parents’ love
句型透视
The moment/second/instant/minute I got off the plane; Immediately/Instantly/Directly I got off the plane; On/Upon getting off the plane; hardly/no sooner; when/than; Hardly/No sooner had I got off the plane when/than
①It was several minutes before ②It wasn’t long before
● 当堂过关检测
Ⅰ.1.occurrence 2.from 3.announcement 4.eruption
5.immediately 6.reliable 7.is claimed 8.precisely
9.threaten 10.exceptionally
Ⅱ.1.Now that 2.make it to 3.react to 4.had yet to
5.All of a sudden 6.look through 7.in the face of 8.a heavy heart
Ⅲ.1.It suddenly occurred to/struck/hit me that
2.before the door opened
3.The girl staring at me
4.The moment I stepped near water
5.promising to pay
● 语言素养提升
Ⅰ.1.permitting 2.are permitted 3.picnicking
4.planned 5.planning 6.plugging
Ⅱ.1.保险 2.反对,抵制 3.存在,出现 4.发生,出现 5.能力
Ⅲ.1.①朝(某方向)行进 ②率领,领导
2.听审,审理,听证会
3.①碰到,遇到(困难、问题等) ②打,击(球) ③使突然想起
④侵袭 ⑤很受欢迎的事物
4.①容纳 ②持有(某种观点)
5.①缓慢移动 ②很短的距离
● 写作素养提升
Part Ⅰ 应用文写作
1.drawing near
2.organized a series of exceptionally meaningful activities
3.teaching us survival skills for emergencies
4.What impressed me most was
5.learning how to protect ourselves when faced with an earthquake
6.I couldn’t help but feel the importance of disaster prevention
7.so beneficial that they not only raise our awareness of self-protection
Part Ⅱ 读后续写
18.动作描写——嘴部动作
【跟踪演练】
Ⅰ.1.My mouth started watering 2.cupped/covered her mouth 3.take a bite; cupped/covered her mouth 4.bit her lower lip 5.licked his lips 6.spat out 7.sucked his thumb
8.cleared her throat
Ⅱ.1.could not help licking my lips 2.made my mouth water
3.took a bite of it 4.chewed it slowly 5.spit out the chicken bones 6.took/had a sip of teaUnit 6 Disaster and hope
●Ⅰ【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项人工智能模型可以给出一些准确的地震预测,并介绍了其工作原理以及意义。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段“Once trained, the AI offered predictions by detecting early indicators of quakes hidden within the planet’s low-frequency rumbles (隆隆声).”可知,人工智能通过分析地球上的背景声音来预测地震事件。故选B。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第三段“The project marks a substantial breakthrough in the exploration of AI for anticipating seismic (地震的) events. According to Alexandros Savvaidis, a senior researcher heading the Texas Seismological Network, ‘Seismic occurrences strike without warning, often in the blink of an eye. Your readiness is all you can influence. Achieving a 70% prediction rate is a considerable achievement that could significantly restrict the impact of earthquakes, reducing both the financial burden and loss of life and remarkably improving earthquake preparation worldwide.’”可知,亚历山德罗斯·萨瓦伊迪斯想在第三段说明发展人工智能预测的意义。故选C。
3.A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Their next step is to test artificial intelligence in Texas, where the University of Texas’ TexNet operates a network of 300 earthquake stations and over six years’ worth of continuous records, making it an ideal location for these purposes.”可知,接下来的研究重点是在不同地点进行测试。故选A。
4.D 推理判断题。根据第一段“Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are indicating that accurate quake forecasting may be attainable, thereby casting doubt on the conventional wisdom that such an accomplishment is beyond our capabilities.”以及最后一段“‘That may be a long way off, but many advances such as this one, taken together, are what moves science forward,’ concludes Scott Tinker, the bureau’s director.”可推知,地震预测技术是具有开创性并且有前景的。故选D。
●Ⅱ【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了洪水这种自然灾害,包括其特点、含义、类型、起因、汛期和预测预防手段。
1.D 前文“Floods can come from multiple sources. It can be a hurricane, failed dam, or overflowing river. The disasters can move quickly.”提到造成洪水的原因有多种,并且像洪水这种自然灾害移动速度很快,后文“It’s important to know how to keep your family and belongings safe during such an event. Full preparation can put you at ease for its coming.”提到保护家人和财产的安全的重要性,建议做好充分的准备。D项(有时,它们来得毫无征兆。)符合语境,指出洪水可能很突然地发生,承接前文,佐证后文做充分准备的必要性。故选D。
2.C 前文“A flood is simply an event where water overflows a natural area and covers normally dry places. In general, there are two types.”提到洪水的定义,以及包含两种类型,后文“The soil in these areas can’t absorb a lot of moisture. The water then rapidly runs off the surface resulting in a torrent (激流) of rapidly moving water.”具体描述第一种类型的洪水,因此C项(山洪暴发在干旱地区更为常见。)符合语境,介绍第一种类型的洪水,承接前文,引出后文具体的描述,其中的dry areas和后文的“…can’t absorb a lot of moisture.”呼应。故选C。
3.F 前文“A flood can be caused by many things.”提到洪水的起因很多,因此F项(它们包括恶劣的天气、地理环境和其他人为因素。)符合语境,具体介绍这些因素,承接前文,其中的they指代前文的many things。故选F。
4.G 前文“There is no specific flood season.”提到洪水没有特定发生时间,因此G项(一般来说,从春天到秋天这段时间被认为是洪水发生的高风险时期。)符合语境,指出宽泛的洪水发生的高风险时期,承接前文。故选G。
5.B 设空处位于段首,是段落主旨句,需统领段落内容。后文“Using existing maps and examining low-lying areas can determine high-risk areas for flooding. Moreover, flood warnings are sent out to areas that could experience flooding when there is a large amount of rainfall over a short time.”主要介绍如何预测和预防洪水,因此B项(洪水是可以预防和预测的。)符合语境。故选B。
●Ⅲ【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要讲的是埃塞俄比亚的塞米恩国家公园曾面临威胁,在政府和民众的共同努力下,该公园得到了很好的保护,最终被移出《濒危世界遗产名录》。
1.to preserve 考查不定式。根据语境可知,句子表示“联合国教科文组织认识到它们的非凡价值,并为保护它们的生态财富,将其中一些遗址列为世界遗产”,空格处用不定式表目的,故填to preserve。
2.as 考查介词。此处指联合国教科文组织将其中一些遗址列为世界遗产,“将……列为”是classify…as…,因此空格处是介词as,故填as。
3.an 考查冠词。根据语境可知,此处表示“越来越多的人类定居点”,an increasing number of意为“越来越多的”,因此空格处是不定冠词an,故填an。
4.coupled 考查非谓语动词。句中谓语是had worsened,空格处用非谓语动词,increasing number of human settlements around the park over the years和couple之间是逻辑动宾关系,因此空格处用过去分词表被动,故填coupled。
5.hung/was hanging 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知,hang in the balance意为“岌岌可危”,句子描述过去的事情,时态用一般过去时,空格处用过去式,hang意为“悬挂”时,过去式是hung;也可理解为句子描述过去正在进行的动作,时态用过去进行时,主语future是单数名词,be动词应用单数形式,因此空格处用was hanging。故填hung/was hanging。
6.removal 考查名词。its后跟名词,remove的名词形式是removal,意为“除去,消除”,是不可数名词,故填removal。
7.had been devoted 考查动词时态和语态。be devoted to doing是固定短语,意为“致力于做某事”,与主语efforts是被动关系,由by then可知,句子表示在过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作,应用过去完成时的被动语态,因此空格处是had been devoted。故填had been devoted。
8.Effective 考查形容词。空格处用形容词作定语,修饰community-driven conservation strategies,句子表示“有效的社区驱动的保护策略有助于防止进一步的生态损失”,空格处意为“有效的”,形容词是effective,位于句首,首字母大写,故填Effective。
9.whose 考查定语从句。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句,strategy和aim之间是所属关系,因此空格处用表所属的关系代词whose引导定语从句,故填whose。
10.greatly 考查副词。空格处用副词greatly修饰动词assisted,greatly意为“极大地”。故填greatly。
●Ⅳ【思路点拨】 本文以人物为线索展开,主要讲述了凯文和朋友杰伊和内森要去露营,在爸爸的追问下告诉了爸爸他们露营的方位,然后离开了。然而,夜幕降临时,一场突如其来的暴风雨带着无情的愤怒爆发了。一棵大树轰然倒下,击中了他们唯一的逃生工具——他们的汽车。他们意识到自己的计划被无法控制的力量粗暴地破坏了。
【详解】
1.段落续写
①由第一段首句内容“第二天,他们发现自己面临着寻找水的紧迫问题。”可知,第一段可以描写他们寻找水的艰难过程和面临的其他挑战。
②由第二段首句内容“第三天晚上,一声遥远的引擎声打破了可怕的寂静。”可知,第二段可以描写他们获救的过程和感悟。
2.续写线索:面临缺水问题—寻找水源—找到水源—看到汽车—获救—感悟
One possible version:
The next day, they found themselves facing the immediate problem of finding water. The search for water soon drained their energy. They were about to give up when they heard a small sound, a splash of some sort. They ran as fast as they could and found a small stream lifeline in all the challenges. However, with time passing by, more challenges emerged: limited food, frightful night filled with wilderness sounds, and the uncertainty of survival in the wild. Their nerves were near the edge of breaking down after long hours of uncertainty in the wilderness.
On the third night, a distant engine sound broke the terrible stillness. Relief washed over the weary faces as they witnessed the approach of a rugged vehicle. Kevin’s dad stepped out to meet the group. The emotions that played across their faces—disbelief, gratitude, and overwhelming joy—mirrored the shared trouble that had forged a deep bond among them. Back home, Kevin’s dad said, “Good thing you told me those directions,” teaching them the importance of informing someone about plans. The experience turned into tales of courage and resilience, embedded in their memories as lessons for a lifetime.
Natural disasters do great damage to people’s lives. They claim countless lives each year and 1. (threat) our properties. The cost of repairing and rebuilding can run into billions of yuan. What’s worse, they often occur in pairs or groups. For example, when a major earthquake strikes, it can set off landslides 2. bury homes and block roads. Volcanic eruptions may trigger avalanches and cause a tsunami in the ocean. The 3. (combine) of disasters makes recovery efforts exceptionally 4. (challenge).
We cannot stop natural disasters, 5. we have been trying very hard to reduce the losses and overcome these crises. Scientists have been using satellites to monitor weather patterns and forecast disasters such as hurricanes, typhoons and blizzards 6. (precise). Timely announcements can give us early warnings against disasters. Besides, in times of emergency, rescue teams are immediately sent, 7. (provide) aid for those affected. Shelters 8. (build) for the homeless. Helicopters drop sufficient supplies to the people 9. (trap) in the disaster-stricken areas.
Natural disasters are terrible, but there is always hope 10. we can rise above the destruction and rebuild our homes.
occur v.发生;出现;(想法、念头等)被想到
(1)sth occurs to sb 某人想到某事
(2)It occurs to sb that…/to do…
某人突然想到(做)……
(3)occurrence n. 发生;存在;出现
[温馨提示] 表示“某人想到……”的句式:
It strikes/hits sb that…
sth strikes/hits sb
sth comes/springs to mind
sb hits on/upon sth
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2020·全国卷Ⅲ] We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that (occur) billions of years ago.
②[2022·北京卷] Tracking of 150 biochemicals in food has been important in revealing the relationships between calories, sugar, fat and the (occur) of common diseases.
③It seldom occurred to them (wander) a bit, to take a moment to see what’s around them.
(2)完成句子
①[译林必修三U2] (她立刻想到) these were signs of an approaching tsunami. (读后续写话题之灾难遇险)
②[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] (这对双胞胎突然想到一个好主意) that they could make breakfast for their mother to celebrate Mother’s Day. (读后续写之心理描写)
rescue v.& n.营救,解救
(1)rescue…from… 从……中营救……
(2)come to one’s rescue 来营救某人
(3)rescuer n. 救援者
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The lifeboat was sent out to rescue the sailors the sinking boat.
②The (rescue) together with Jessika started pulling me up inch by inch desperately.
(2)完成句子
A familiar figure leaped out of the truck and (来救我). (读后续写
之动作描写)
claim v.(战争、事故等)夺去(生命);声称;断言;索赔;认领 n.要求;主张,声称
(1)claim to do sth 声称做某事
claim to have done sth 声称做过某事
claim that… 声称……
(2)It is claimed that… 据说……
【活学活用】
(1)一词多义
①The company claims that it is not responsible for the pollution in the river.
②So far nobody has claimed the money discovered in the library.
③If the shop won’t give me a replacement TV, I’ll claim my money back.
④[北师选三U9] The 1997 bird flu which claimed over 100 lives was an adaptation of the Great Flu of 1918.
(2)句式改写
He claimed that he had seen a round black creature moving quickly through the water.
→He a round black creature moving quickly through the water. (同义句改写)
→ he had seen a round black creature moving quickly through the water. (it作形式主语)
shelter n.庇护,掩蔽;收容所 vt.保护;掩蔽 vi.躲避
(1)take shelter from… 躲避……
under the shelter of… 在……的庇护下
(2)shelter from the rain/wind/sunlight
避雨/风/阳光
shelter sb from sth 保护……以避免……(的伤害)
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
[2024·浙江1月考] When was the last time you used a telephone box I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter the rain. Ages ago, right
(2)完成句子
①Firefighters risked their own lives to (保护当地居民免受……的伤害) the burning fire.
② (在我父母的爱的庇护下), I was able to pursue my dreams without fear of failure. (应用文写作话题之
家庭生活)
(教材P91) He had disappeared the moment the storm hit.
一出现暴风雨,“他”就消失了。
the moment一……就……
句型公式
【句式点拨】
句中the moment相当于连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“一……就……”。表示“一……就……”的结构有:
(1)as soon as+时间状语从句;
(2)immediately/instantly/directly+时间状语从句;
(3)the moment/second/instant/minute+时间状语从句;
(4)on/upon+n./doing;
(5)hardly+主句(过去完成时)+when+从句(一般过去时)(hardly放于句首时,用部分倒装结构);
(6)no sooner+主句(过去完成时)+than+从句(一般过去时)(no sooner放于句首时,用部分倒装结构)。
【活学活用】
一句多译
[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写] 我一下飞机,就拼命地跑过机场大楼,毫不犹豫地跳上了出租车站的第一辆出租车。(读后续写之动作描写)
→ , I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought. (the+名词)
→ , I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought. (副词)
→ , I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought. (介词短语)
→I had got off the plane I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought.
→ I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought. (部分倒装)
(教材P92) Although it was only a few days before we were rescued, it felt like months.
虽然几天后我们就获救了,但却觉得像是过了好几个月。
It+be+时间段+before引导的从句.
句型公式
【句式点拨】
在肯定句中before意为“在……之后才”:
It will be long/years/…before…要过很久/几年/……才……
It was long/years/…before…过了很久/几年/……才……
在否定句中before意为“不多久就……”:
It won’t be long/years/…before…用不了多久/几年/……就……
It wasn’t long/years/…before…没过多久/几年/……就……
【活学活用】
完成句子
① (过了好几分钟才) I took in what he was saying.
② (没过多久就) he realized that he was wrong.
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.It’s still impossible to accurately predict the (occur) of earthquakes.
2.A group of us were sheltering the rain in a doorway.
3.They made an (announce) that the activity was going to be postponed.
4.Ash and smoke rose after a volcanic (erupt) started wildfire in Stromboli, Italy on July 3, 2019.
5.When the hurricane struck the coastal town, rescuers (immediate) came to the aid of those affected by the disaster.
6.The team was able to complete the project on time because they had access to (rely) sources of information and sufficient resources to carry out their tasks efficiently.
7.It (claim) that donations to the charity have amounted to one billion yuan since 2001.
8.By programming a computer to account for tides, gravity, and other factors, Gladys and her team created a program to (precise) calculate the orbit of satellites.
9.Greenpeace works to promote awareness of the dangers that (threat) our planet today.
10.The chef’s timing in the kitchen was (exceptional) accurate, as he measured and prepared each ingredient precisely to create a truly exquisite meal.
●Ⅱ 短语填空
1. (既然) the work has been divided up, let each one get on with his own job.
2.When you (到达) the last stretch on the field, just throw your head back and run.
3.You can’t change what happened, but you can change how you (对……做出反应) it.
4.However, his son was still young and (还没有) reach his full potential.
5. (突然), he lost his balance and fell down.
6.I tend to (浏览) these notes when I need inspiration or just to refresh my memory.
7.He is courageous enough (面对) difficulties and new challenges.
8.With (心情沉重), Sarah couldn’t fall asleep, torn between her commitment to honesty and her desire to protect their friendship.
●Ⅲ 句型训练
1. I could turn on the flashlight of the cellphone as a signal.
我突然想到,我可以打开手机的手电筒作为信号。
2.It was some time in response to his ring. (状语从句)
他按过门铃后好一会儿门才打开。
3. , I didn’t know what to say. (独立主格结构)
女孩盯着我,我不知道该说什么。
4.I was always afraid of water. , my legs would turn to jelly. (the+moment)
我总是害怕水。我一走近水边,我的腿就发软。
5.I gave him my telephone number, when I returned to Vienna. (分词作状语)
我给了他我的电话号码,答应回到维也纳就付钱。
●Ⅰ 动词变形练
1.We’ll have a picnic at the beach, weather
(permit).
2.Visitors (permit) to take photos as long as they don’t use flash.
3.It’s such a fine day and let’s go (picnic), shall we
4.To their disappointment, the advertisement designed to promote their new product didn’t work out well as (plan).
5.Action without (plan) is like sailing without a compass. You may move, but you are likely to end up lost.
6.The workers were busy (plug) the holes in the dam to prevent flooding.
●Ⅱ 构词法规则
构词法 名词后缀-ance;名词后缀-ence
指出下列黑体词的含义
1.[2024·浙江1月考] As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project.
2.Bus Rapid Transit, or busways, with dedicated lanes and special stops, have faced resistance from some residents and business owners, who worry about losing car lanes or parking.
3.[2024·新课标Ⅱ卷] Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs.
4.[2022·北京卷] Tracking of 150 biochemicals in food has been important in revealing the relationships between calories, sugar, fat and the occurrence of common diseases.
5.Only in this way can we create an interactive environment for our oral practice and better develop our English competence.
●Ⅲ 熟词生义练
指出下列黑体词在句中的不同含义
1.head
①[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] The sky was clear when we headed off, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly interrupted our peaceful morning trip.
②John was chosen to head the team to investigate the case.
2.hearing
[2023·全国乙卷] In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.
3.hit
①[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
②[2021·浙江6月考] Summers in the mid-70s were spent at home shooting baskets, hitting a baseball, or throwing a football, preparing for my future as a quarterback on a football team.
③[2021·北京卷] When I saw the various supplies we had collected, it hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child.
④[2020·全国新高考Ⅰ卷] A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away a number of birds.
⑤The film became a big hit with young people as soon as it was introduced home.
4.hold
①[2021·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] Pack a bag, cut a cake, guess which juice container holds the most liquid, and much more.
②[2024·北京卷] While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions.
5.inch
①[2023·浙江1月考] Sitting on a branch, he inched towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive.
②The tree branch crashed onto the ground, missing the parked car by mere inches.
Part Ⅰ 应用文写作
假定你是红星中学的李华,在全国防灾减灾日(National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day)即将到来之际,你校开展了一系列活动。请你写信和你的国外笔友Jack分享活动开展的情况。内容包括:
1.活动内容;
2.个人收获。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Dear Jack,
With National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day 1. (临近), our school 2. (组织了一系列意义非凡的活动). I am eager to share the details with you.
A variety of awareness-raising events were held. There were professional seminars, with experts presenting theoretical knowledge on disasters and workshops 3. (教我们紧急情况下的生存技能). 4. (给我印象最深的是) an evacuation drill, where everyone evacuated in an orderly manner, 5. (学习如何在面对地震时保护自己). Seeing the serious expressions on everyone’s face, 6. (我不禁感到防灾的重要性).
These activities are 7. (如此有益,以至于它们不仅提高了我们的自我保护意识) but also equip us better for long-term disaster prevention and recovery.
Yours,
Li Hua
Part Ⅱ 读后续写
18.动作描写——嘴部动作
【语言素材】
咬住嘴唇 bite one’s lip 舔嘴唇 lick one’s lips
使某人直流口水 make one’s mouth water 捂住某人的嘴 cup/cover one’s mouth
吐出 spit out 咧开嘴 widen one’s mouth
咬一口…… take a bite of 吮吸大拇指 suck one’s thumb
咀嚼食物 chew the food 喝/抿一小口…… have/take a sip of
清嗓子 clear one’s throat 困倦地打哈欠 yawn sleepily
张大嘴 one’s mouth drops open 目瞪口呆的 open-mouthed
【跟踪演练】
●Ⅰ 单句表达
1. when I smelled the aroma of food.
闻到食物的香味,我开始流口水了。
2.She to hide her yawn, as she didn’t want to seem uninterested in the conversation.
她捂住嘴巴以掩饰自己的哈欠,因为她不想显得对谈话不感兴趣。
3.She was about to pick up the sandwich and when suddenly a hand .
她刚要拿起三明治咬一口,突然一只手捂住了她的嘴。
4.She to keep it from trembling as tears ran down her cheeks.
当泪水顺着脸颊流下来时,她咬住她的下嘴唇以免嘴唇发抖。
5.The child eagerly when he saw the ice cream truck approaching the playground.
当这个孩子看到冰淇淋车接近操场时,他急切地舔了舔嘴唇。
6.The child the food, claiming it didn’t taste right.
孩子吐出食物,声称它味道不对。
7.As a child, he often to comfort himself when he felt anxious or scared.
小时候,他常常在感到焦虑或害怕时吮吸拇指以安慰自己。
8.As the meeting room fell silent, she to draw attention before making her statement.
当会议室安静下来时,她清了清嗓子以引起注意,然后发表了她的声明。
●Ⅱ 语段表达(嘴部动作)
After a long day at school, I walked home with my heavy schoolbag, tired and hungry. The moment I pushed open the front door, a tempting smell of freshly cooked food drifted over from the kitchen. I 1. (情不自禁地舔了舔嘴唇) and swallowing hard. Kicking off my shoes and dropping my bag, I hurried to the dining room. There, on the table, was a plate of fried chicken that 2. (令我垂涎欲滴). I grabbed a chicken drumstick and 3. (咬了一口它). The meat was tender and juicy. I closed my eyes and 4. (慢慢地咀嚼它), enjoying the pleasure that delicacies brought to me. Mum watched me with a smile, her eyes filled with love and satisfaction. Seeing me finish the drumstick and 5. (吐出鸡骨头), Mum immediately passed me a cup of black tea. I 6. (喝了一口茶). At that moment, the stresses of the school day faded completely, replaced by the simple joy of sharing a home-cooked meal with Mum. Unit 6 Disaster and hope
(限时:45分钟)
●Ⅰ 阅读理解 [2024·河南开封高三三模]
文体:说明文 主题:人与自然 词数:347
Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are indicating that accurate quake forecasting may be attainable, thereby casting doubt on the conventional wisdom that such an accomplishment is beyond our capabilities. Researchers at the University of Texas, Austin, created an AI model that, during a test run in China, correctly forecasted approximately 70 percent of earthquakes with a one-week warning and offered reliable assessments of their potential intensity.
The researchers attribute their technique’s effectiveness to its reliance on a straightforward machine learning framework. The AI was provided with a set of statistical features based on the team’s knowledge of earthquake physics, and then instructed to train itself using a five-year database of earthquake recordings. Once trained, the AI offered predictions by detecting early indicators of quakes hidden within the planet’s low-frequency rumbles (隆隆声).
The project marks a substantial breakthrough in the exploration of AI for anticipating seismic (地震的) events. According to Alexandros Savvaidis, a senior researcher heading the Texas Seismological Network, “Seismic occurrences strike without warning, often in the blink of an eye. Your readiness is all you can influence. Achieving a 70% prediction rate is a considerable achievement that could significantly restrict the impact of earthquakes, reducing both the financial burden and loss of life and remarkably improving earthquake preparation worldwide.”
Although the effectiveness of this method in different regions remains uncertain, the researchers believe that their AI model has the potential to enhance prediction accuracy when carried out in regions equipped with dependable seismic monitoring facilities. Their next step is to test artificial intelligence in Texas, where the University of Texas’ TexNet operates a network of 300 earthquake stations and over six years’ worth of continuous records, making it an ideal location for these purposes.
Ultimately, the authors aim to combine the system with physics-based models. This approach could be particularly valuable in areas characterized by limited or inadequate data. “That may be a long way off, but many advances such as this one, taken together, are what moves science forward,” concludes Scott Tinker, the bureau’s director.
( )1.How does the AI predict seismic events
A.It identifies data from the satellites.
B.It analyses background sounds in the Earth.
C.It models data based on earthquake recordings.
D.It monitors changes in the Earth’s magnetic field.
( )2.What does Alexandros Savvaidis intend to show in Paragraph 3
A.The ways to reduce losses in earthquakes.
B.The importance of preparing for earthquakes.
C.The significance of developing the AI prediction.
D.The restrictions of AI-based methods in earthquake predictions.
( )3.What does the subsequent research focus on
A.Conducting tests in different locations.
B.Applying the AI approach to other fields.
C.Building more earthquake stations in Texas.
D.Enlarging the database to train the calculation accuracy.
( )4.Which words can best describe the earthquake-predicting technology
A.Stable but outdated.
B.Effective but costly.
C.Potential and economical.
D.Pioneering and promising.
●Ⅱ 阅读七选五
[2024·湖南师范大学附属中学高三二模]
文体:说明文 主题:人与自然 词数:272
Floods can come from multiple sources. It can be a hurricane, failed dam, or overflowing river. The disasters can move quickly. 1. It’s important to know how to keep your family and belongings safe during such an event. Full preparation can put you at ease for its coming.
A flood is simply an event where water overflows a natural area and covers normally dry places. In general, there are two types. 2. The soil in these areas can’t absorb a lot of moisture. The water then rapidly runs off the surface resulting in a torrent (激流) of rapidly moving water. River flooding is when a river overflows its banks due to excessive (过分的) water and the situation can get worse if barriers such as a dam or levee (防洪堤) break as well.
A flood can be caused by many things. 3. Living next to a river, dam, on the coast, or in a low-lying area puts you at risk for flooding.
There is no specific flood season. 4. Anytime there is a large amount of rain in a short period, flooding can occur. Man-made and natural disasters can also cause flooding outside of those months. For example, the collapse of a dam can cause a flood. A natural disaster, such as a tsunami, can also cause flooding on a massive scale.
5. Using existing maps and examining low-lying areas can determine high-risk areas for flooding. Moreover, flood warnings are sent out to areas that could experience flooding when there is a large amount of rainfall over a short time.
A.The rising river threatens people’s lives.
B.Floods can be preventable and predictable.
C.Flash floods are more common in dry areas.
D.And sometimes they come with little warning.
E.The weather forecast accurately predicts all disasters.
F.They include severe weather, geography, and other man-made factors.
G.Generally, the period from spring to fall is considered a heightened risk for floods.
●Ⅲ 语法填空
[2024·湖北襄阳五中高三第三次适应性测试]
文体:说明文 主题:人与自然 词数:214
Wild lands across Africa are home to many rare, threatened, and endangered species. Having recognized their extraordinary value and 1. (preserve) their ecological wealth, the UNESCO classified some of these sites 2. World Heritage Sites. Unfortunately, the ecological integrity of many significant landscapes is under the influence of human activity.
Let’s take the example of Ethiopia’s Simien Mountains National Park. In 1996 when it entered the list of World Heritage In Danger, 3. increasing number of human settlements around the park over the years, 4. (couple) with unsustainable farming practices and overgrazing (过度放牧), had worsened the conditions of all-important wildlife habitats. Marked by the significant population decline of some species, the future of this park 5. (hang) in the balance.
However, in 2017, the park made history with its 6. (remove) from the list, a significant and remarkable achievement of the Government of Ethiopia. By then various efforts 7. (devote) to achieving this. In 2003, the Government re-established the limits of the park, adding the Mekeserya and Limalimo Wildlife reserves. 8. (effect) community-driven conservation strategies are instrumental in preventing further ecological loss. The authorities have developed a grazing strategy 9. aim is to greatly reduce the grazing pressure on the park. Plus, alternative livelihoods through tourism assisted communities 10. (great) in developing conservation-friendly economies in the landscape.
●Ⅳ 读后续写 [2024·浙江绍兴高三二模]
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Kevin woke to the blaring beep of his alarm clock. “Can’t wait for that camping trip,” Kevin thought, filled with excitement. As he was leaving home, his dad grabbed him by the hand and said, “Before you go, just tell me the directions on where you and your friends are going to stay.”
“But dad!” Kevin complained.
“No buts!” Kevin’s dad added.
“Fine.” Kevin told him the directions and left.
The three friends, Kevin, Jay and Nathan, had been planning this adventure for weeks, packing their stuff—tents, snacks, and a map—preparing for a 3-day outdoor exploration. Excitement ran through Kevin as they departed for their campsite. “This trip is going to be awesome,” Nathan excitedly yelled as they set off. But little did they know that nature had a surprise in store for them.
The first day at the campsite was going great, setting up tents, collecting firewood, and sharing stories. “Man, we nailed these tents,” Kevin said. “I know it was really easy,” Nathan replied. The friends were happy.
Yet towards night, as the dark clouds gathered overhead, the atmosphere shifted, and a sudden storm erupted with unforgiving anger. Rain poured down from the heavens like a relentless waterfall, transforming the peaceful campsite into a muddy battleground. Worse still, a huge tree was uprooted and crashed down with a deafening crack on their only means of escape—their car. Kevin’s eyes widened in horror as he spotted the damaged wreckage beneath the fallen giant. “Our car!” he screamed over the howling wind, his voice a mix of disbelief and despair. “We’re stuck here,” he declared, his words barely audible against the backdrop of thunder and raindrops. They realized that their plans had been violently spoiled by forces beyond their control. The once quiet campsite now stood as a deserted battlefield, the fallen tree serving as a painful reminder of the unpredictable nature of the world around them.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Paragraph 1:
The next day, they found themselves facing the immediate problem of finding water.
Paragraph 2:
On the third night, a distant engine sound broke the terrible stillness.
A.词汇积累
1.attainable adj.可达到的;可获得的
2.cast doubt on对……产生怀疑
3.capability n.能力;才能;(国家的)军事力量,军事武器
4.attribute…to…把……归因于……;认为……是由于……
5.indicator n.指示信号;标志;迹象;指示器;转向灯
6.substantial adj.大量的;价值巨大的;重大的;结实的,牢固的
7.in the blink of an eye一眨眼;瞬间
8.inadequate adj.不充分的;不足的;不胜任的;缺乏信心的
9.multiple adj.多个的,多种的
10.collapse n.倒塌;崩溃
11.extraordinary adj.非凡的;异乎寻常的
12.livelihood n.生计,营生
B.长难句分析
Achieving a 70% prediction rate is a considerable achievement that could significantly restrict the impact of earthquakes, reducing both the financial burden and loss of life and remarkably improving earthquake preparation worldwide.(阅读理解, Para.3)
【分析】 achieving a 70% prediction rate是动名词短语作主语;that引导定语从句,修饰先行词achievement;reducing…和improving…是两个并列的现在分词短语作状语。
【译文】 达到70%的预测率是一项相当大的成就,可以显著限制地震的影响,减少经济负担和生命损失,并显著改善全球的地震准备工作。(共111张PPT)
Unit 6 Disaster and hope
语境词汇串记
考点互动探究
当堂过关检测
语言素养提升
写作素养提升
作业手册
答案速查【听】
答案速查【作】
Natural disasters do great damage to people's lives. They
claim countless lives each year and 1._________(threat) our
properties. The cost of repairing and rebuilding can run into
billions of yuan. What's worse, they often occur in pairs or
groups. For example, when a major earthquake strikes, it can set
off landslides 2.___________ bury homes and block roads.
Volcanic eruptions may trigger avalanches and cause a tsunami
in the ocean. The 3.____________(combine) of disasters makes
recovery efforts exceptionally 4.____________(challenge).
threaten
that/which
combination
challenging
We cannot stop natural disasters, 5._____ we have been
trying very hard to reduce the losses and overcome these crises.
Scientists have been using satellites to monitor weather patterns
and forecast disasters such as hurricanes, typhoons and
blizzards 6._________(precise). Timely announcements can give
us early warnings against disasters. Besides, in times of
emergency, rescue teams are immediately sent,
7.__________(provide) aid for those affected. Shelters
8._________(build) for the homeless.
but
precisely
providing
are built
Helicopters drop sufficient supplies to the people
9._________(trap) in the disaster-stricken areas.
Natural disasters are terrible, but there is always hope
10._____ we can rise above the destruction and rebuild our
homes.
trapped
that
1 occur v.发生;出现;(想法、念头等)被想到
(1)sth occurs to sb 某人想到某事
(2)It occurs to sb that…/to do…
某人突然想到(做)……
(3)occurrence n. 发生;存在;出现
［温馨提示］ 表示“某人想到……”的句式:
It strikes/hits sb that…
sth strikes/hits sb
sth comes/springs to mind
sb hits on/upon sth
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2020·全国卷Ⅲ] We are the products of evolution, and not
just evolution that _________(occur) billions of years ago.
occurred
②[2022·北京卷] Tracking of 150 biochemicals in food has been
important in revealing the relationships between calories, sugar,
fat and the ___________(occur) of common diseases.
occurrence
③It seldom occurred to them ___________(wander) a bit, to
take a moment to see what's around them.
to wander
(2)完成句子
①［译林必修三U2］ ________________________________________
____(她立刻想到) these were signs of an approaching tsunami.
(读后续写话题之灾难遇险)
It immediately occurred to/struck/hit her that
②[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] ____________________________
_____________________________(这对双胞胎突然想到一个好主意)
that they could make breakfast for their mother to celebrate
Mother's Day. (读后续写之心理描写)
A good idea suddenly occurred to/struck/hit the twins
2 rescue v.& n.营救,解救
(1)rescue…from… 从……中营救……
(2)come to one's rescue 来营救某人
(3)rescuer n. 救援者
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The lifeboat was sent out to rescue the sailors ______ the
sinking boat.
②The ________(rescue) together with Jessika started pulling me
up inch by inch desperately.
from
rescuer
(2)完成句子
A familiar figure leaped out of the truck and _____________
______(来救我). (读后续写之动作描写)
came to my rescue
3 claim v.(战争、事故等)夺去(生命);声称;断言;索赔;认领 n.要求;主
张,声称
(1)claim to do sth 声称做某事
claim to have done sth 声称做过某事
claim that… 声称……
(2)It is claimed that… 据说……
【活学活用】
(1)一词多义
①The company claims that it is not responsible for the
pollution in the river. ______
②So far nobody has claimed the money discovered in the
library. ______
声称
认领
③If the shop won't give me a replacement TV, I'll claim my
money back. ______
④［北师选三U9］ The 1997 bird flu which claimed over 100
lives was an adaptation of the Great Flu of 1918. ___________
索赔
夺去(生命)
(2)句式改写
He claimed that he had seen a round black creature moving
quickly through the water.
→He _____________________ a round black creature moving
quickly through the water. (同义句改写)
→_________________ he had seen a round black creature
moving quickly through the water. (it作形式主语)
claimed to have seen
It is claimed that
4 shelter n.庇护,掩蔽;收容所 vt.保护;掩蔽 vi.躲避
(1)take shelter from… 躲避……
under the shelter of… 在……的庇护下
(2)shelter from the rain/wind/sunlight
避雨/风/阳光
shelter sb from sth 保护……以避免……(的伤害)
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
[2024·浙江1月考] When was the last time you used a telephone
box I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter
______ the rain. Ages ago, right
from
(2)完成句子
①Firefighters risked their own lives to _______________________
_____(保护当地居民免受……的伤害) the burning fire.
shelter the local people from
②____________________________________(在我父母的爱的庇护下),
I was able to pursue my dreams without fear of failure.
(应用文写作话题之家庭生活)
Under the shelter of my parents' love
1(教材P91) He had disappeared the moment the storm hit.
一出现暴风雨,“他”就消失了。
句型公式
the moment一……就……
【句式点拨】
句中the moment相当于连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“一……就……”。
表示“一……就……”的结构有:
(1)as soon as+时间状语从句;
(2)immediately/instantly/directly+时间状语从句;
(3)the moment/second/instant/minute+时间状语从句;
(4)on/upon+n./doing;
(5)hardly+主句(过去完成时)+when+从句(一般过去时)(hardly放于句
首时,用部分倒装结构);
(6)no sooner+主句(过去完成时)+than+从句(一般过去时)
(no sooner放于句首时,用部分倒装结构)。
【活学活用】
一句多译
［2024·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写］ 我一下飞机，就拼命地跑过机场大
楼，毫不犹豫地跳上了出租车站的第一辆出租车。(读后续写之动作
描写)
→___________________________________________________, I ran
like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first
taxi on the rank without a second thought. (the+名词)
The moment/second/instant/minute I got off the plane
→______________________________________________, I ran like
crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi
on the rank without a second thought. (副词)
→______________________________, I ran like crazy through the
airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank
without a second thought. (介词短语)
Immediately/Instantly/Directly I got off the plane
On/Upon getting off the plane
→I had _________________ got off the plane ___________ I ran
like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first
taxi on the rank without a second thought.
→__________________________________________________ I ran
like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first
taxi on the rank without a second thought. (部分倒装)
hardly/no sooner
when/than
Hardly/No sooner had I got off the plane when/than
2 (教材P92) Although it was only a few days before we were
rescued, it felt like months.
虽然几天后我们就获救了,但却觉得像是过了好几个月。
句型公式
It+be+时间段+before引导的从句.
【句式点拨】
在肯定句中before意为“在……之后才”:
It will be long/years/…before…要过很久/几年/……才……
It was long/years/…before…过了很久/几年/……才……
在否定句中before意为“不多久就……”:
It won't be long/years/…before…用不了多久/几年/……就……
It wasn't long/years/…before…没过多久/几年/……就……
【活学活用】
完成句子
①____________________________(过了好几分钟才) I took in what
he was saying.
②_____________________(没过多久就) he realized that he was
wrong.
It was several minutes before
It wasn't long before
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.It's still impossible to accurately predict the ___________(occur)
of earthquakes.
2.A group of us were sheltering ______ the rain in a doorway.
3.They made an _______________(announce) that the activity
was going to be postponed.
4.Ash and smoke rose after a volcanic _________(erupt) started
wildfire in Stromboli, Italy on July 3, 2019.
occurrence
from
announcement
eruption
5.When the hurricane struck the coastal town, rescuers
_____________(immediate) came to the aid of those affected by
the disaster.
immediately
6.The team was able to complete the project on time because
they had access to ________(rely) sources of information and
sufficient resourcesto carry out their tasks efficiently.
reliable
7.It ___________(claim) that donations to the charity have
amounted to one billion yuan since 2001.
is claimed
8.By programming a computer to account for tides, gravity,
and other factors, Gladys and her team created a program to
_________(precise) calculate the orbit of satellites.
precisely
9.Greenpeace works to promote awareness of the dangers that
_________(threat) our planet today.
threaten
10.The chef's timing in the kitchen was
_____________(exceptional) accurate, as he measured and
prepared each ingredient precisely to create a truly exquisite
meal.
exceptionally
Ⅱ 短语填空
1.__________(既然) the work has been divided up, let each one
get on with his own job.
2.When you ___________(到达) the last stretch on the field, just
throw your head back and run.
3.You can't change what happened, but you can change how
you _________(对……做出反应) it.
Now that
make it to
react to
4.However, his son was still young and ___________(还没有)
reach his full potential.
5.________________(突然), he lost his balance and fell down.
6.I tend to _____________(浏览) these notes when I need
inspiration or just to refresh my memory.
7.He is courageous enough ______________(面对) difficulties and
new challenges.
had yet to
All of a sudden
look through
in the face of
8.With ______________(心情沉重), Sarah couldn't fall asleep, torn
between her commitment to honesty and her desire to protect
their friendship.
a heavy heart
Ⅲ 句型训练
1.________________________________________ I could turn on
the flashlight of the cellphone as a signal.
我突然想到,我可以打开手机的手电筒作为信号。
It suddenly occurred to/struck/hit me that
2.It was some time ________________________ in response to
his ring. (状语从句)
他按过门铃后好一会儿门才打开。
before the door opened
3.______________________, I didn't know what to say.
(独立主格结构)
女孩盯着我,我不知道该说什么。
The girl staring at me
4.I was always afraid of water. ______________________________
_____, my legs would turn to jelly. (the+moment)
我总是害怕水。我一走近水边，我的腿就发软。
The moment I stepped near water
5.I gave him my telephone number, _________________ when I
returned to Vienna. (分词作状语)
我给了他我的电话号码，答应回到维也纳就付钱。
promising to pay
Ⅰ 动词变形练
1.We'll have a picnic at the beach, weather ___________
(permit).
permitting
2.Visitors ______________(permit) to take photos as long as they
don't use flash.
3.It's such a fine day and let's go __________(picnic), shall we
are permitted
picnicking
4.To their disappointment, the advertisement designed to
promote their new product didn't work out well as
_________(plan).
planned
5.Action without _________(plan) is like sailing without a
compass. You may move, but you are likely to end up lost.
6.The workers were busy _________(plug) the holes in the dam
to prevent flooding.
planning
plugging
Ⅱ 构词法规则
构词法 名词后缀-ance；名词后缀-ence
指出下列黑体词的含义
1.[2024·浙江1月考] As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance
companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta
Hail Suppression Project. ______
保险
2.Bus Rapid Transit, or busways, with dedicated lanes and
special stops, have faced resistance from some residents and
business owners, who worry about losing car lanes or parking.
__________
反对,抵制
3.［2024·新课标Ⅱ卷］ Breathtaking views of the lowlands of
Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides
from local walking clubs.______________
存在，出现
4.[2022·北京卷] Tracking of 150 biochemicals in food has been
important in revealing the relationships between calories, sugar,
fat and the occurrence of common diseases. __________
发生,出现
5.Only in this way can we create an interactive environment for
our oral practice and better develop our English competence.
______
能力
Ⅲ 熟词生义练
指出下列黑体词在句中的不同含义
1.head
①[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] The sky was clear when we headed off,
but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly
interrupted our peaceful morning trip. _______________
朝(某方向)行进
②John was chosen to head the team to investigate the case.
__________
率领,领导
2.hearing
[2023·全国乙卷] In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明)
of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.
____________________
听审，审理，听证会
3.hit
①[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] You'll hit roadblocks, and you'll feel
discouraged at times. _______________________
碰到,遇到(困难、问题等)
②[2021·浙江6月考] Summers in the mid-70s were spent at
home shooting baskets, hitting a baseball, or throwing a
football, preparing for my future as a quarterback on a football
team. _________
打,击(球)
③[2021·北京卷] When I saw the various supplies we had
collected, it hit me that every kit we were to build that day
would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child.
____________
使突然想起
④[2020·全国新高考Ⅰ卷] A flood had hit the area earlier that
year and the damage it caused had driven away a number of
birds. ______
侵袭
⑤The film became a big hit with young people as soon as it
was introduced home. ________________
很受欢迎的事物
4.hold
①[2021·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] Pack a bag, cut a cake, guess which
juice container holds the most liquid, and much more. ______
容纳
②[2024·北京卷] While he held the notion that objective reality
exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring
and shaping our perceptions. _______________
持有(某种观点)
5.inch
①[2023·浙江1月考] Sitting on a branch, he inched towards it
and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive.
__________
缓慢移动
②The tree branch crashed onto the ground, missing the parked
car by mere inches. ____________
很短的距离
Part Ⅰ 应用文写作
假定你是红星中学的李华,在全国防灾减灾日(National Disaster
Prevention and Mitigation Day)即将到来之际,你校开展了一系列活
动。请你写信和你的国外笔友Jack分享活动开展的情况。内容包括:
1.活动内容;
2.个人收获。
注意：写作词数应为80个左右。
Dear Jack,
With National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day
1._____________(临近), our school 2.__________________________
_______________________________(组织了一系列意义非凡的活动).
I am eager to share the details with you.
A variety of awareness-raising events were held. There were
professional seminars, with experts presenting theoretical
drawing near
organized a series of exceptionally meaningful activities
knowledge on disasters and workshops 3._____________________
____________________(教我们紧急情况下的生存技能).
4._____________________________(给我印象最深的是) an
evacuation drill, where everyone evacuated in an orderly manner,
5.__________________________________________________________
__________(学习如何在面对地震时保护自己). Seeing the serious
expressions on everyone's face, 6.____________________________
_______________________________(我不禁感到防灾的重要性).
teaching us survival skills for emergencies
What impressed me most was
learning how to protect ourselves when faced with an earthquake
I couldn't help but feel the importance of disaster prevention
These activities are 7.____________________________________
_______________________________(如此有益，以至于它们不仅提
高了我们的自我保护意识) but also equip us better for long-term
disaster prevention and recovery.
Yours,
Li Hua
so beneficial that they not only raise our awareness of self-protection
Part Ⅱ 读后续写
18.动作描写——嘴部动作
【语言素材】
咬住嘴唇 bite one's lip 舔嘴唇 lick one's lips
使某人直流口水 make one's mouth water 捂住某人的嘴 cup/cover one's
mouth
吐出 spit out 咧开嘴 widen one's
mouth
咬一口…… take a bite of 吮吸大拇指 suck one's thumb
咀嚼食物 chew the food 喝/抿一小 口…… have/take a sip of
清嗓子 clear one's throat 困倦地打哈欠 yawn sleepily
张大嘴 one's mouth drops open 目瞪口呆的 open-mouthed
续表
【跟踪演练】
Ⅰ 单句表达
1.__________________________ when I smelled the aroma of
food.
闻到食物的香味，我开始流口水了。
My mouth started watering
2.She __________________________ to hide her yawn, as she
didn't want to seem uninterested in the conversation.
她捂住嘴巴以掩饰自己的哈欠，因为她不想显得对谈话不感兴趣。
cupped/covered her mouth
3.She was about to pick up the sandwich and ____________
when suddenly a hand __________________________.
她刚要拿起三明治咬一口，突然一只手捂住了她的嘴。
take a bite
cupped/covered her mouth
4.She ________________ to keep it from trembling as tears ran
down her cheeks.
当泪水顺着脸颊流下来时，她咬住她的下嘴唇以免嘴唇发抖。
bit her lower lip
5.The child ______________ eagerly when he saw the ice cream
truck approaching the playground.
当这个孩子看到冰淇淋车接近操场时，他急切地舔了舔嘴唇。
licked his lips
6.The child _________ the food, claiming it didn't taste right.
孩子吐出食物，声称它味道不对。
spat out
7.As a child, he often __________________ to comfort himself
when he felt anxious or scared.
小时候，他常常在感到焦虑或害怕时吮吸拇指以安慰自己。
sucked his thumb
8.As the meeting room fell silent, she __________________ to
draw attention before making her statement.
当会议室安静下来时，她清了清嗓子以引起注意，然后发表了她的
声明。
cleared her throat
Ⅱ 语段表达(嘴部动作)
After a long day at school, I walked home with my heavy
schoolbag, tired and hungry. The moment I pushed open the
front door, a tempting smell of freshly cooked food drifted over
from the kitchen. I 1._____________________________(情不自禁地
舔了舔嘴唇) and swallowing hard. Kicking off my shoes and
dropping my bag, I hurried to the dining room. There, on the
table, was a plate of fried chicken that 2._____________________
_____(令我垂涎欲滴). I grabbed a chicken drumstick and
could not help licking my lips
made my mouth water
3._________________(咬了一口它). The meat was tender and juicy.
I closed my eyes and 4._________________(慢慢地咀嚼它),
enjoying the pleasure that delicacies brought to me. Mum
watched me with a smile, her eyes filled with love and
satisfaction. Seeing me finish the drumstick and 5._____________
_____________(吐出鸡骨头), Mum immediately passed me a cup
of black tea. I 6._____________________(喝了一口茶). At that
moment, the stresses of the school day faded completely,
replaced by the simple joy of sharing a home-cooked meal with
Mum.
took a bite of it
chewed it slowly
spit out the chicken bones
took/had a sip of tea
作 业 手 册
(限时：45分钟)
Ⅰ 阅读理解［2024·河南开封高三三模］
文体：说明文 主题：人与自然 词数：347
Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are indicating that
accurate quake forecasting may be attainable, thereby casting
doubt on the conventional wisdom that such an
accomplishment is beyond our capabilities. Researchers at the
University of Texas, Austin, created an AI model that, during a
test run in China, correctly forecasted approximately 70 percent
1
2
3
4
of earthquakes with a one-week warning and offered reliable
assessments of their potential intensity.
The researchers attribute their technique's effectiveness to
its reliance on a straightforward machine learning framework.
The AI was provided with a set of statistical features based on
the team's knowledge of earthquake physics, and then instructed
to train itself using a five-year database of earthquake
recordings. Once trained, the AI offered predictions by detecting
early indicators of quakes hidden within the planet's low-
frequency rumbles (隆隆声).
1
2
3
4
The project marks a substantial breakthrough in the
exploration of AI for anticipating seismic (地震的) events.
According to Alexandros Savvaidis, a senior researcher heading
the Texas Seismological Network, “Seismic occurrences strike
without warning, often in the blink of an eye. Your readiness is
all you can influence. Achieving a 70% prediction rate is a
considerable achievement that could significantly restrict the
impact of earthquakes, reducing both the financial burden and
loss of life and remarkably improving earthquake preparation
worldwide.”
1
2
3
4
Although the effectiveness of this method in different
regions remains uncertain, the researchers believe that their AI
model has the potential to enhance prediction accuracy when
carried out in regions equipped with dependable seismic
monitoring facilities. Their next step is to test artificial
intelligence in Texas, where the University of Texas' TexNet
operates a network of 300 earthquake stations and over six
years' worth of continuous records, making it an ideal location
for these purposes.
1
2
3
4
Ultimately, the authors aim to combine the system with
physics-based models. This approach could be particularly
valuable in areas characterized by limited or inadequate data.
“That may be a long way off, but many advances such as this
one, taken together, are what moves science forward,” concludes
Scott Tinker, the bureau's director.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项人工智能模
型可以给出一些准确的地震预测，并介绍了其工作原理以及意义。
1
2
3
4
( )1.How does the AI predict seismic events
A.It identifies data from the satellites.
B.It analyses background sounds in the Earth.
C.It models data based on earthquake recordings.
D.It monitors changes in the Earth's magnetic field.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段“Once trained, the AI offered
predictions by detecting early indicators of quakes hidden within
the planet's low-frequency rumbles (隆隆声).”可知，人工智能通过
分析地球上的背景声音来预测地震事件。故选B。
√
1
2
3
4
( )2.What does Alexandros Savvaidis intend to show in
Paragraph 3
A.The ways to reduce losses in earthquakes.
B.The importance of preparing for earthquakes.
C.The significance of developing the AI prediction.
D.The restrictions of AI-based methods in earthquake predictions.
√
1
2
3
4
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第三段“The project marks a substantial
breakthrough in the exploration of AI for anticipating seismic
(地震的) events. According to Alexandros Savvaidis, a senior
researcher heading the Texas Seismological Network, ‘Seismic
occurrences strike without warning, often in the blink of an eye.
Your readiness is all you can influence. Achieving a 70%
prediction rate is a considerable achievement that could
significantly restrict the impact of earthquakes, reducing both the
financial burden and loss of life and remarkably improving
earthquake preparation worldwide.’”可知，亚历山德罗斯·萨瓦伊迪
斯想在第三段说明发展人工智能预测的意义。故选C。
1
2
3
4
( )3.What does the subsequent research focus on
A.Conducting tests in different locations.
B.Applying the AI approach to other fields.
C.Building more earthquake stations in Texas.
D.Enlarging the database to train the calculation accuracy.
√
1
2
3
4
[解析] 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Their next step is to test
artificial intelligence in Texas, where the University of Texas'
TexNet operates a network of 300 earthquake stations and over
six years' worth of continuous records, making it an ideal
location for these purposes.”可知，接下来的研究重点是在不同地
点进行测试。故选A。
1
2
3
4
( )4.Which words can best describe the earthquake-
predicting technology
A.Stable but outdated. B.Effective but costly.
C.Potential and economical. D.Pioneering and promising.
√
1
2
3
4
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第一段“Advances in artificial intelligence
(AI) are indicating that accurate quake forecasting may be
attainable, thereby casting doubt on the conventional wisdom
that such an accomplishment is beyond our capabilities.”以及最
后一段“‘That may be a long way off, but many advances such
as this one, taken together, are what moves science forward,’
concludes Scott Tinker, the bureau's director.”可推知，地震预测技
术是具有开创性并且有前景的。故选D。
1
2
3
4
Ⅱ 阅读七选五
[2024·湖南师范大学附属中学高三二模]
文体：说明文 主题：人与自然 词数：272
Floods can come from multiple sources. It can be a
hurricane, failed dam, or overflowing river. The disasters can
move quickly. 1.___ It's important to know how to keep your
family and belongings safe during such an event. Full
preparation can put you at ease for its coming.
D
1
2
3
4
5
A flood is simply an event where water overflows a natural
area and covers normally dry places. In general, there are two
types. 2.___The soil in these areas can't absorb a lot of
moisture. The water then rapidly runs off the surface resulting in
a torrent (激流) of rapidly moving water. River flooding is when
a river overflows its banks due to excessive (过分的) water and
the situation can get worse if barriers such as a dam or levee
(防洪堤) break as well.
C
1
2
3
4
5
A flood can be caused by many things. 3.___ Living next to
a river, dam, on the coast, or in a low-lying area puts you at
risk for flooding.
There is no specific flood season. 4.___ Anytime there is a
large amount of rain in a short period, flooding can occur.
Man-made and natural disasters can also cause flooding outside
of those months. For example, the collapse of a dam can cause
a flood. A natural disaster, such as a tsunami, can also cause
flooding on a massive scale.
F
G
1
2
3
4
5
5.___ Using existing maps and examining low-lying areas
can determine high-risk areas for flooding. Moreover, flood
warnings are sent out to areas that could experience flooding
when there is a large amount of rainfall over a short time.
A.The rising river threatens people's lives.
B.Floods can be preventable and predictable.
C.Flash floods are more common in dry areas.
D.And sometimes they come with little warning.
E.The weather forecast accurately predicts all disasters.
B
1
2
3
4
5
F.They include severe weather, geography, and other man-made
factors.
G.Generally, the period from spring to fall is considered a
heightened risk for floods.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了洪水这种自然灾
害，包括其特点、含义、类型、起因、汛期和预测预防手段。
1
2
3
4
5
1.___
D
[解析] 前文“Floods can come from multiple sources. It can be a
hurricane, failed dam, or overflowing river. The disasters can
move quickly.”提到造成洪水的原因有多种，并且像洪水这种自然灾
害移动速度很快，后文“It's important to know how to keep your
family and belongings safe during such an event. Full
preparation can put you at ease for its coming.”提到保护家人和
财产的安全的重要性，建议做好充分的准备。D项(有时，它们来得
毫无征兆。)符合语境，指出洪水可能很突然地发生，承接前文，佐
证后文做充分准备的必要性。故选D。
1
2
3
4
5
2.___
C
[解析] 前文“A flood is simply an event where water overflows a
natural area and covers normally dry places. In general, there
are two types.”提到洪水的定义，以及包含两种类型，后文“The soil
in these areas can't absorb a lot of moisture. The water then
rapidly runs off the surface resulting in a torrent (激流) of
rapidly moving water.”具体描述第一种类型的洪水，因此C项
(山洪暴发在干旱地区更为常见。)符合语境，介绍第一种类型的洪水，
承接前文，引出后文具体的描述，其中的dry areas和后文的“…can't
absorb a lot of moisture.”呼应。故选C。
1
2
3
4
5
3.___
F
[解析] 前文“A flood can be caused by many things.”提到洪水的
起因很多，因此F项(它们包括恶劣的天气、地理环境和其他人为因
素。)符合语境，具体介绍这些因素，承接前文，其中的they指代前
文的many things。故选F。
1
2
3
4
5
4.___
[解析] 前文“There is no specific flood season.”提到洪水没有特定
发生时间，因此G项(一般来说，从春天到秋天这段时间被认为是洪
水发生的高风险时期。)符合语境，指出宽泛的洪水发生的高风险时
期，承接前文。故选G。
G
1
2
3
4
5
5.___
B
[解析] 设空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，需统领段落内容。后文
“Using existing maps and examining low-lying areas can
determine high-risk areas for flooding. Moreover, flood warnings
are sent out to areas that could experience flooding when there
is a large amount of rainfall over a short time.”主要介绍如何预
测和预防洪水，因此B项(洪水是可以预防和预测的。)符合语境。故
选B。
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅲ 语法填空
[2024·湖北襄阳五中高三第三次适应性测试]
文体：说明文 主题：人与自然 词数：214
Wild lands across Africa are home to many rare, threatened,
and endangered species. Having recognized their extraordinary
value and 1.____________(preserve) their ecological wealth, the
UNESCO classified some of these sites 2.____ World Heritage
Sites. Unfortunately, the ecological integrity of many significant
landscapes is under the influence of human activity.
to preserve
as
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Let's take the example of Ethiopia's Simien Mountains
National Park. In 1996 when it entered the list of World
Heritage In Danger, 3.____ increasing number of human
settlements around the park over the years, 4._________(couple)
with unsustainable farming practices and overgrazing (过度放牧),
had worsened the conditions of all-important wildlife habitats.
Marked by the significant population decline of some species,
the future of this park 5.__________________(hang) in the
balance.
an
coupled
hung/was hanging
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
However, in 2017, the park made history with its
6._________(remove) from the list, a significant and remarkable
achievement of the Government of Ethiopia. By then various
efforts 7.__________________(devote) to achieving this. In 2003,
the Government re-established the limits of the park, adding the
Mekeserya and Limalimo Wildlife reserves. 8._________(effect)
community-driven conservation strategies are instrumental in
preventing further ecological loss. The authorities have
developed a grazing strategy 9._______ aim is to greatly reduce
removal
had been devoted
Effective
whose
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
the grazing pressure on the park. Plus, alternative livelihoods
through tourism assisted communities 10.________(great) in
developing conservation-friendly economies in the landscape.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是埃塞俄比亚的塞米恩
国家公园曾面临威胁，在政府和民众的共同努力下，该公园得到了
很好的保护，最终被移出《濒危世界遗产名录》。
greatly
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1.____________
to preserve
[解析] 考查不定式。根据语境可知，句子表示“联合国教科文组织认
识到它们的非凡价值，并为保护它们的生态财富，将其中一些遗址
列为世界遗产”，空格处用不定式表目的，故填to preserve。
2.____
as
[解析] 考查介词。此处指联合国教科文组织将其中一些遗址列为世
界遗产，“将……列为”是classify…as…，因此空格处是介词as，故填
as。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3.____
an
[解析] 考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表示“越来越多的人类定居
点”，an increasing number of意为“越来越多的”，因此空格处是不
定冠词an，故填an。
4._________
coupled
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。句中谓语是had worsened，空格处用非谓
语动词，increasing number of human settlements around the
park over the years和couple之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用
过去分词表被动，故填coupled。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
5.__________________
hung/was hanging
[解析] 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，hang in the
balance意为“岌岌可危”，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，
空格处用过去式，hang意为“悬挂”时，过去式是hung；也可理解为
句子描述过去正在进行的动作，时态用过去进行时，主语future是单
数名词，be动词应用单数形式，因此空格处用was hanging。故填
hung/was hanging。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
6._________
removal
[解析] 考查名词。its后跟名词，remove的名词形式是removal，意
为“除去，消除”，是不可数名词，故填removal。
7.__________________
had been devoted
[解析] 考查动词时态和语态。be devoted to doing是固定短语，意
为“致力于做某事”，与主语efforts是被动关系，由by then可知，句
子表示在过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，应用过去完成时的被
动语态，因此空格处是had been devoted。故填had been devoted。
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10
8._________
Effective
[解析] 考查形容词。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰community-
driven conservation strategies，句子表示“有效的社区驱动的保护策
略有助于防止进一步的生态损失”，空格处意为“有效的”，形容词是
effective，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Effective。
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8
9
10
9._______
whose
[解析] 考查定语从句。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，strategy和
aim之间是所属关系，因此空格处用表所属的关系代词whose引导定
语从句，故填whose。
10.________
greatly
[解析] 考查副词。空格处用副词greatly修饰动词assisted，greatly意
为“极大地”。故填greatly。
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2
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8
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Ⅳ 读后续写［2024·浙江绍兴高三二模］
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之
构成一篇完整的短文。
Kevin woke to the blaring beep of his alarm clock. “Can't
wait for that camping trip,” Kevin thought, filled with excitement.
As he was leaving home, his dad grabbed him by the hand
and said, “Before you go, just tell me the directions on where
you and your friends are going to stay.”
“But dad!” Kevin complained.
“No buts!” Kevin's dad added.
“Fine.” Kevin told him the directions and left.
The three friends, Kevin, Jay and Nathan, had been
planning this adventure for weeks, packing their stuff—tents,
snacks, and a map—preparing for a 3-day outdoor exploration.
Excitement ran through Kevin as they departed for their
campsite. “This trip is going to be awesome,” Nathan excitedly
yelled as they set off. But little did they know that nature had a
surprise in store for them.
The first day at the campsite was going great, setting up
tents, collecting firewood, and sharing stories. “Man, we nailed
these tents,” Kevin said. “I know it was really easy,” Nathan
replied. The friends were happy.
Yet towards night, as the dark clouds gathered overhead,
the atmosphere shifted, and a sudden storm erupted with
unforgiving anger. Rain poured down from the heavens like a
relentless waterfall, transforming the peaceful campsite into a
muddy battleground. Worse still, a huge tree was uprooted and
crashed down with a deafening crack on their only means of
escape—their car. Kevin's eyes widened in horror as he spotted
the damaged wreckage beneath the fallen giant. “Our car!” he
screamed over the howling wind, his voice a mix of disbelief
and despair. “We're stuck here,” he declared, his words barely
audible against the backdrop of thunder and raindrops. They
realized that their plans had been violently spoiled by forces
beyond their control. The once quiet campsite now stood as a
deserted battlefield, the fallen tree serving as a painful reminder
of the unpredictable nature of the world around them.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Paragraph 1:
The next day, they found themselves facing the immediate
problem of finding water. _________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
On the third night, a distant engine sound broke the
terrible stillness.______________________________________________________
【思路点拨】本文以人物为线索展开，主要讲述了凯文和朋友杰伊和
内森要去露营，在爸爸的追问下告诉了爸爸他们露营的方位，然后离
开了。然而，夜幕降临时，一场突如其来的暴风雨带着无情的愤怒爆
发了。一棵大树轰然倒下，击中了他们唯一的逃生工具——他们的汽
车。他们意识到自己的计划被无法控制的力量粗暴地破坏了。
【详解】
1.段落续写
①由第一段首句内容“第二天，他们发现自己面临着寻找水的紧迫问
题。”可知，第一段可以描写他们寻找水的艰难过程和面临的其他挑战。
②由第二段首句内容“第三天晚上，一声遥远的引擎声打破了可怕的
寂静。”可知，第二段可以描写他们获救的过程和感悟。
2.续写线索：面临缺水问题—寻找水源—找到水源—看到汽车—获
救—感悟
One possible version:
The next day, they found themselves facing the immediate
problem of finding water. The search for water soon drained
their energy. They were about to give up when they heard a
small sound, a splash of some sort. They ran as fast as they
could and found a small stream lifeline in all the challenges.
However, with time passing by, more challenges emerged:
limited food, frightful night filled with wilderness sounds, and
the uncertainty of survival in the wild.
Their nerves were near the edge of breaking down after long
hours of uncertainty in the wilderness.
On the third night, a distant engine sound broke the
terrible stillness. Relief washed over the weary faces as they
witnessed the approach of a rugged vehicle. Kevin's dad
stepped out to meet the group. The emotions that played
across their faces—disbelief, gratitude, and overwhelming joy—
mirrored the shared trouble that had forged a deep bond
among them. Back home, Kevin's dad said, “Good thing you
told me those directions,” teaching them the importance of
informing someone about plans. The experience turned into
tales of courage and resilience, embedded in their memories
as lessons for a lifetime.
A.词汇积累
1.attainable adj.可达到的；可获得的
2.cast doubt on对……产生怀疑
3.capability n.能力；才能；(国家的)军事力量，军事武器
4.attribute…to…把……归因于……；认为……是由于……
5.indicator n.指示信号；标志；迹象；指示器；转向灯
6.substantial adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的；结实的，牢固的
7.in the blink of an eye一眨眼；瞬间
8.inadequate adj.不充分的；不足的；不胜任的；缺乏信心的
9.multiple adj.多个的，多种的
10.collapse n.倒塌；崩溃
11.extraordinary adj.非凡的;异乎寻常的
12.livelihood n.生计，营生
B.长难句分析
Achieving a 70% prediction rate is a considerable achievement
that could significantly restrict the impact of earthquakes,
reducing both the financial burden and loss of life and
remarkably improving earthquake preparation worldwide.
(阅读理解, Para.3)
【分析】achieving a 70% prediction rate是动名词短语作主语；
that引导定语从句，修饰先行词achievement；reducing…和
improving…是两个并列的现在分词短语作状语。
【译文】达到70%的预测率是一项相当大的成就，可以显著限制地震
的影响，减少经济负担和生命损失，并显著改善全球的地震准备工作。
快速核答案
高中英语 必修第三册
Unit 6 Disaster and hope
听课手册
●语境词汇串记
1.threaten 2.that/which 3.combination 4.challenging 5.but
6.precisely 7.providing 8.are built 9.trapped 10.that
●考点互动探究
单词点睛
1.（1）①occurred ②occurrence ③to wander （2）①It
immediately occurred to/struck/hit her that ②A good idea
suddenly occurred to/struck/hit the twins
2.（1）①from ②rescuer （2）came to my rescue
3.（1）①声称 ②认领 ③索赔 ④夺去（生命） （2）claimed
to have seen;It is claimed that
4.（1）from （2）①shelter the local people from ②Under
the shelter of my parents' love
句型透视
1.The moment/second/instant/minute I got off the plane;
Immediately/Instantly/Directly I got off the plane;
On/Upon getting off the plane; hardly/no sooner; when/than;
Hardly/No sooner had I got off the plane when/than
2. ①It was several minutes before ②It wasn’t long before
●当堂过关检测
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.occurrence 2.from 3.announcement 4.eruption
5.immediately 6.reliable 7.is claimed 8.precisely 9.threaten
10.exceptionally
Ⅱ 短语填空
1.Now that 2.make it to 3.react to 4.had yet to 5.All of
a sudden 6.look through 7.in the face of 8.a heavy heart
Ⅲ 句型训练
1.It suddenly occurred to/struck/hit me that 2.before the
door opened 3.The girl staring at me 4.The moment I
stepped near water 5.promising to pay
●语言素养提升
Ⅰ 动词变形练
1.permitting 2.are
permitted 3.picnicking 4.planned 5.planning 6.plugging
Ⅱ 构词法规则
1.保险 2.反对,抵制 3.存在，出现 4.发生,出现 5.能力
Ⅲ 熟词生义练
1.①朝（某方向）行进 ②率领,领导 2.听审，审理，听证会
3.①碰到,遇到（困难、问题等） ②打,击（球） ③使突然想起
④侵袭 ⑤很受欢迎的事物
4.①容纳 ②持有（某种观点） 5.①缓慢移动 ②很短的距离
●写作素养提升
Part Ⅰ 应用文写作
1.drawing near
2.organized a series of exceptionally meaningful activities
3.teaching us survival skills for emergencies
4.What impressed me most was
5.learning how to protect ourselves when faced with an earthquake
6.I couldn’t help but feel the importance of disaster prevention
7.so beneficial that they not only raise our awareness of
self-protection
Part Ⅱ 读后续写
18.动作描写——嘴部动作
【跟踪演练】
Ⅰ.1.My mouth started watering 2.cupped/covered her mouth
3.take a bite; cupped/covered her mouth 4.bit her lower lip
5.licked his lips 6.spat out 7.sucked his thumb
8.cleared her throat
Ⅱ.1.could not help licking my lips 2.made my mouth water
3.took a bite of it 4.chewed it slowly 5.spit out the chicken bones
6.took/had a sip of tea
作业手册
Ⅰ 阅读理解
1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D
Ⅱ 阅读七选五
1.D 2.C 3.F 4.G 5.B
Ⅲ 语法填空
1.to preserve 2.as 3.an 4.coupled 5.hung/was hanging
6.removal 7.had been devoted 8.Effective 9.whose
10.greatly
Ⅳ 读后续写
略
