Unit 4 Breaking boundaries
● 语境词汇串记
1.broke 2.to contribute 3.influential 4.transporting
5.where 6.devotion 7.equally 8.in 9.rewarding
10.an
● 考点互动探究
(1)全体演员 (2)①cast an encouraging look at him
②cast me a smile ③cast(new) light on ④cast down
(1)①rewarding ②for ③As ④In
(2)Our school rewarded the winners with
(1)①division ②divided (2)除
(3)were divided into several groups
(1)①influential ②influenced
(2)Under my physics teacher’s influence/Under the influence of my physics teacher; has a great influence on/upon me
句型透视
● (1)①since ②that ③before ④when
(2)is/has been a long time since; won’t be long before
● 当堂过关检测
Ⅰ.1.infectious 2.assistant 3.devotion 4.relief
5.rewarding 6.influential 7.division 8.harmonious
9.nobly
Ⅱ.1.make a joint effort 2.in vain 3.bring forth
4.divided into 5.engaged in 6.not to mention
Ⅲ.1.it is/has been more than 10 years
2.although/though he walks with the assistance of a stick
3.whose devotion to his work
4.it is very necessary for us to learn it
5.easy to sing
● 语言素养提升
Ⅰ.1.Spoken 2.spoke 3.spelt/spelled 4.spent
5.spat 6.was split
Ⅱ.1.战略性的 2.同情的 3.史前的;歌剧的 4.系统的
5.主题的,专题的 6.突然的,急剧的
Ⅲ.1.①筹集 ②抚养,养育 ③提出
2.①评价 ②价格,费用
3.①写着 ②好的(或有意思等的)读物;好书(或文章等)
③理解为,阐释
4.推理,推断
5.①认识 ②赞赏,赏识 ③正式承认,认可
● 写作素养提升
Part Ⅰ 应用文写作
1.to express my heartfelt gratitude for what you have done to help me with my English studies
2.your devotion of time and energy to improving my English speaking and writing
3.Without your assistance
4.Under your influence
5.which fueled my enthusiasm for English
6.to convey how grateful I am
Part Ⅱ 读后续写
27.动作描写的4大高分句式
【跟踪演练】
Ⅰ.1.woke up; slipped out of bed; tiptoed to the door
2.laughing and teasing 3.with tears filling her eyes/with her eyes filled with tears 4.his heart pounding violently 5.When night fell
Ⅱ.1.Emily got up early, brushed her teeth, and got dressed 2.her heart filled with excitement 3.As she walked to school
4.she adjusted her school uniform, took a breath and walked in
5.they chattering and laughing 6.her knees shaking and her palms damp with sweat 7.showing great appreciation for her performance 8.joined in, and quickly made new friends
9.worries in her heart melting away 10.her steps light and her mood cheerfulUnit 4 Breaking boundaries
●ⅠA
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了文化记忆的概念和功能。
1.B 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“People may typically think of memory as the recollection of the past. Memory enables people to learn from past experiences and apply that knowledge in present circumstances. It is a vital part of our identity. So is culture, the way of life specific to a group of people.”和文章第二段“Cultural memory is the constructed understanding of the past that is passed from one generation to the next through text, oral traditions, monuments and other symbols.”可知,第一段的作用是引出文化记忆的概念。故选B。
2.A 词义猜测题。根据下文“To understand culture, humans access masses of cultural symbols, such as books. Artefacts (历史文物) of the past provide insights into where we came from.”可知,文化记忆通常积聚在物品中。由此可知,amassed意为“积累,积聚”。故选A。
3.D 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The most powerful forms of cultural memory may involve memories of past disastrous experiences undergone by groups of victims. For example, in Russia, their role in World War Ⅱ—in which tens of millions of Russians were killed—is still an important part of modern Russian identity. Because all groups have cultural memory, it can bring about a spirit of resistance or survival among threatened groups.”可知,第三段提到俄罗斯是为了说明文化记忆对身份认同的影响。故选D。
4.A 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Rather, it is to use knowledge of past experiences to avoid making the same mistakes again and again.”可推知,文化记忆的主要作用是将前人的智慧传承下去。故选A。
B
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是“虚拟社交”这一概念的起源和发展,以及人们与名人之间的情感联系对个人的影响。
5.A 细节理解题。根据首段中的“Today, the definition is much broader. After all, actors, singers, comedians, athletes, and countless other celebrities are available to us in more ways than ever before. Forming parasocial bonds has never been easier.”可知,现在有更多的方式接触到名人,形成虚拟社交关系更加简单,由此可知,虚拟社交变得更容易实现。故选A项。
6.D 段落大意题。根据第二段中的“Psychologists document cases of parasocial relationships that can go much deeper, with severe consequences. Scholars note parasocial bonds range from casual talk about stars to intense emotions, uncontrollable behaviour and fantasies.”以及下文中介绍的深层次的虚拟社交案例和虚拟社交关系对青少年影响的分析可知,本段主要介绍的是虚拟社交关系带来的严重后果。故选D项。
7.D 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“That is, people who tended to push others away in their day-to-day lives were more likely to relate to fictional characters. You can easily see how parasocial relationships could be a replacement when one finds real-life attachment difficult.”可知,那些在日常生活中脱离现实的人更有可能与虚构人物产生联系,在现实生活中的依恋很难时,虚拟社交关系就会成为其替代品,由此可知,在现实关系中很挣扎很可能导致虚拟社交关系。故选D项。
8.C 细节理解题。根据尾段中的“One way to address this is to get some more distance from your fictional friends, thus pausing the feedback cycle and giving yourself more space to pursue in-person connection.”可知,作者建议与虚拟朋友保持距离,给自己更多的空间去追求面对面的关系,由此可知,作者建议多和真正的朋友出去。故选C项。
●Ⅱ【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了社会心理学家Vanessa Bohns最喜欢的一些赞美,阐述了赞美的重要性和如何有效地给予赞美。
1.F 设空位于首段段尾,应起承接上文,引出下文的作用,根据前文“Why is a compliment so impactful One of the most important things to humans is to feel valued and respected by others, says Vanessa Bohns, a social psychologist, who has researched compliments. According to her research, people feel ‘significantly better’ after both giving and receiving a compliment.”可知,本文主要讲述了赞美的重要性,根据后文小标题可知,是一些赞美词,所以F项(考虑到这一点,我们请她分享一些她最喜欢的赞美词。)承接上文,并引出下文,符合文意。故选F项。
2.G 根据前文“In situations that call for a compliment, don’t second-guess yourself. Give your compliments generously.”以及后文“That concern is unfounded.”可知,前文讲述慷慨地赞美别人,后文讲述一种担心,所以空处应是提出一种担心,所以G项(人们有时会担心自己说过了头,听起来会不真诚。)符合文意。故选G项。
3.D 分析设空,为本段小标题,应是Vanessa最喜欢的赞美之一,根据后文“This compliment—one of Bohns’ favourites—works well among romantic partners and close family members. ‘It’s a beautiful way to highlight how their presence turns life into something meaningful, despite boring routines of our everyday lives,’ she says.”可知,这个赞美适合浪漫伴侣和亲密的家庭成员之间使用,强调对方的存在如何使生活变得有意义,所以D项(你让平凡的时刻变得不平凡。)符合文意。故选D项。
4.C 根据前文“If you’re afraid that giving a compliment like this will feel strange, you’re not alone.”以及后文“If it makes you personally feel like the bar is lowered for you to give a compliment if you write it down, or if you practise saying it out loud or giving your pet cat the compliment first, do that.”可知,空处需要提供一个克服这种担忧的方法,所以C项(克服这种恐惧的一个方法是进行练习。)符合语境,它直接回应了前文的担忧,并提供了后文所描述的建议。故选C项。
5.E 设空位于段尾,是对前文的总结,根据前文“Feel free to compliment strangers…Across all contexts, strangers are more likely to be pleased than confused. Plus, who knows ”可知,E项(除了让别人开心之外,你还可能交到一个新朋友。)符合语境,描述了赞美陌生人可能带来的社交好处,是对前文方法的总结。故选E项。
●Ⅲ【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了作者作为一个土生土长的荷兰人,在与美国人交流时发现了身处不同文化中的人表达情感的方式也不同。
1.D 根据上文中的“…asked me to join a seminar on culture and emotion.”和空后的of self-introductions可知,作者参加了一个研讨会,在会上大家依次做一轮自我介绍。故选D。analysis分析;state状态;letter信;round阶段,轮次。
2.A 根据空后的“…as one of those who are ‘interested in culture and emotion’”和下文中的“…saying I was one of the world’s experts…”可知,作者介绍自己的时候说自己只是一个对文化和情感感兴趣的人,而教授却说作者是专家,由此可知,作者介绍自己的时候非常谦虚。故选A。modest谦虚的;interesting有趣的;dramatic急剧的;proud骄傲的。
3.B 根据空后的American standards可知,这位教授补充作者的自我介绍是为了更符合美国人说话的习惯。故选B。set设置;fit适合,符合;evaluate评估;recommend推荐。
4.C 根据上文中的a seminar on culture and emotion可知,作者参加的是关于文化和情感的研讨会,此处指作者是关于这个话题的专家。故选C。approach方式;situation情况;topic话题,题目;course课程,讲座。
5.D 根据空后的“…and thought that ‘expert’ was a big word.”可知,作者觉得用专家来形容自己显得太过了,感觉很尴尬。故选D。curiosity好奇心;pity遗憾;disappointment失望;embarrassment窘迫,尴尬。
6.B 根据下文中的“…they thanked me for the dinner.”可知,作者的新朋友来作者家里吃饭。故选B。play玩;dine进餐,用饭;work工作;perform表演,履行。
7.C 根据上文的full of interest and energy可知,作者和朋友们的谈话很有趣,所以充满了乐趣。故选C。support支持;noise噪声;fun快乐,乐趣;argument争吵,争辩。
8.A 根据后文的“…they made me think they were distancing themselves from me.”可知,作者听到客人们的感谢后心情低落。my heart sinks意为“情绪低落”。故选A。sink下沉;melt融化;race急速跳动;open打开。
9.D 根据下文中的“…they made me think they were distancing themselves from me.”可知,在作者的文化中,感谢别人的饭说明这段关系很疏远。故选D。harmonious和谐;normal正常的;strong强壮的;distant遥远的,疏远的。
10.C 根据空后的“…when you move from one culture to another.”并结合上文作者与美国人打交道的两件事可知,作者从一种文化进入到另一种文化,两种文化表达感情的方式不同,让人感觉格格不入。故选C。out of date过时的;out of shape变形的;out of place位置不当,不适当;out of sight看不见。
11.B 根据空后的“…but instead made me uncomfortable.”可知,空处表达内容应和uncomfortable相反,教授的本意是想让作者感觉良好。故选B。reliable可靠的;good好的;serious严肃的;careful小心的。
12.A but前后表示转折,but后的“…they made me think they were distancing themselves from me.”讲朋友们感谢作者的招待让作者感觉他们在疏远自己,此处指朋友们本意是想表示感激。故选A。gratitude感激,感谢;respect尊重;admiration羡慕,赞赏;affection喜爱,钟爱。
13.D 根据上文的“We think about emotions as feelings deep inside us…”可知,这里是将我们认为的和实际相比较。故选D。in total总共;in advance提前;in detail详细地;in reality事实上。
14.C 根据下文的“…but I was able to see them…”可知,后面说作者在美国能看见别人的情感,这里与之相反,表示的是作者在荷兰时很难看到这些无形的情感。故选C。unbelievable难以置信的;pure纯粹的;invisible看不见的,无形的;powerful强有力的。
15.B 根据句中的in my own culture并结合全文可知,作者主要讨论的是文化不同,表达情感的方式也不同,作者搬到了美国,这里的文化与作者自己的文化不同。故选B。level程度,水平;culture文化;standard标准;value价值。 Three years ago, COVID-19 1. (break) out in my hometown. Dozens of people perished overnight and the hospitals were crowded with infected patients. The tragic scenes got the civilians into panic. It was not realistic to wait for the pandemic to disappear. As a medical student, the outbreak was a call to action. I immediately joined a team of volunteers at a local clinic, eager 2. (contribute) in any way possible. I was assigned to assist Emma, an 3. (influence) specialist, in patient care. My days were filled with tasks ranging from disinfecting clothing to clearing the vomit. I also assisted in 4. (transport) patients to different wards, providing comforting presence to relieve their anxiety.
The clinic became a silent battlefield 5. medical workers and volunteers combated our mutual enemy—the infectious viruses. I saw first-hand the noble spirit of dedication and 6. (devote) displayed every day. In this inclusive place, every patient was 7. (equal) treated based on the medical plan that we conceived. Even in such a severe moment, the harmonious atmosphere broke down the boundaries and divisions between people.
My experience brought forth new perspectives and visions. The pandemic detracted from the overall well-being of mankind. Nothing could compensate for the losses of lives, which was 8. vain. However, it is vital that we collaborated and made joint efforts to create a miracle and make a difference. I am proud to be a portion of the effort. This experience is 9. (reward) and it will have 10. enduring influence on my journey to be a doctor.
cast v.(cast, cast) 选派(角色);扔;抛;掷;投射;向……投以(视线、笑容等) n.全体演员
cast a look/glance at sb 看了/瞥了某人一眼
cast sb a smile 冲某人一笑
cast an eye on/over… 迅速检查/浏览……
cast a shadow over/on sth 给某事蒙上阴影
cast doubt(s) on 使人怀疑……
cast (new) light on sth 使更容易理解;有助于
说明
be cast down (by sth) (因某事)沮丧,不愉快
【活学活用】
(1)熟词生义
[2024·北京卷]Soon, the cast list was posted. My friends checked and came back shouting, “Amy, you got the main role!”
(2)完成句子
①Aware that Tim was not confident in himself, Lily (向他投以鼓励的目光), saying, “I’ll help you, and I’m sure you’ll make it.”(读后续写之心理+神态描写)
②He (朝我笑了笑), which eased my nervousness, suggesting that he had forgiven me. (读后续写之神态+心理描写)
③Research findings (有助于说明) the origin of our universe.
④I am not (使沮丧)by it because I am convinced that I can pull myself together. (读后续
写之情感描写)
rewarding adj.值得做的,有意义的;有益的
reward v. 酬谢;奖励,奖赏
n. 奖金;回报;报酬
reward sb for (doing) sth
因(做)某事而奖赏/酬谢某人
reward sb with sth 用某物奖赏/回报某人
a reward for (doing) sth 做某事的奖励
in reward for 为奖赏……;为报答……
as a reward for 作为对……的奖赏/回报
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[《小妇人》] Helping others and making a positive impact on their lives can be a truly (reward) experience.
②It is not a good idea for parents to give their children rewards passing exams.
③ a reward for his efforts, Mr Cook received a package of cash and stock options worth over $59 m last year.
④ reward for his timely help, I decided to treat him to a seafood dinner.
(2)完成句子
[2020·全国新高考Ⅰ卷应用文写作] (我们学校奖励优胜者) gifts of fruits and flowers when the race ended. (应用文写作之新闻报道)
division n.分歧;分裂;分配;除
(1)divide v. (使)分开,分散
divide…(up) into… 把……分成……
be divided into 被分成……
divide sth (up/out) (between/among sb)
分配;分享;分担
(2)divided adj. 有分歧的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①A (divide) has opened up between us over whether to trust the woman or not.
②Watched by millions, the ending to the race has (divide) opinions: Should the brothers have been disqualified or highly praised for their actions
(2)熟词生义
[2023·浙江1月考] To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600 (the number of seconds in an hour) by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile (the distance between two mileposts).
(3)完成句子
We (被分成几组) to talk about different parts of the subject yesterday.
influential adj.有影响力的
influence n. 影响,作用;支配力,控制力,影响力
v. 影响,对……起作用
have an influence on/upon… 对……产生影响
under the influence of…(=under one’s influence)
在……的影响之下
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[北师选二U4] Chaplin is sometimes criticised for being overly sentimental, but comic actors of today still think his films are (influence) in their approach to acting.
②[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷] Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey (influence) by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.
(2)完成句子
[2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达] (在我物理老师的影响下), I have grown increasingly interested in physics. In other words, my physics teacher is my role model, who (对我有很大的影响). (应用文写
作之人物介绍)
● (教材P50) It’s exactly one month since the last reported case.
距离发现上一个报告病例已经整整一个月了。
“It is/has been+时间段+since…”
表示“自从……以来已经多久了”。
句型公式
【句式点拨】
“It be+时间段+since…”句型,主句谓语为is或has been, since从句用一般过去时;主句谓语为was, since从句用过去完成时。
【相关拓展】
(1)“It+will/won’t be+long/一段时间+before…(从句用一般现在时)”表示“要过很久/多久才会……/用不了多久就会……”。
“It+was/wasn’t+long/一段时间+before…(从句用一般过去时)”表示“过了很久/多久才……/没过多久就……”。如:
It won’t be long before we meet again in the US.
用不了多久我们就会在美国再次相遇。
It was two years before he realized what he had done was wrong.
过了两年他才意识到他所做的是错的。
(2)“It+is/was+时间状语(表示在某一时间点或时间段)+that…”是强调句型。如:
It was for five years that he worked in America.
他在美国工作了5年。
(3)“It+be+时间点+when…”表示“做某事时是某时”。如:
It was five o’clock when the accident happened.
事故发生时是五点钟。
【活学活用】
(1)根据语境选择合适的词填空(since/before/that/when)
①As is reported, it is more than 100 years Peking University was founded.
②It was at midnight he knocked at my door.
③It was several minutes we realized what was happening.
④It was twelve o’clock sharp he arrived home last night.
(2)完成句子
It they separated, but it they meet again.
他们已经分开很长时间了,但不久他们就会再次见面。
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.Laughter is an (infect) expression of emotion.
2.After landing a job as a medical (assist) in a local clinic, I felt relieved.
3.With joint efforts and selfless (devote), the team overcame numerous challenges and accomplished their project in advance.
4.When my feet made contact with the solid rock on the top, I breathed a huge sigh of (relieve).
5.It is (reward) to pursue your passion as you can gain inner fulfilment and a sense of purpose in life.
6.Confucius was regarded as an (influence) thinker and educator in ancient China.
7.The (divide) of responsibilities between departments needs to be clearly defined to avoid any confusion over boundaries.
8.We sincerely hope you can truly feel the (harmony) atmosphere of people’s performing a small and random act of kindness.
9.He (noble) donated all of his savings, amounting to a considerable sum altogether, to support the charity for underprivileged children.
●Ⅱ 短语填空
1.When we face some misunderstandings, we need to (共同努力) to maintain our friendship.
2.They attempted to persuade him to give up the original plan, but (徒劳无益).
3.The innovative team aimed to (使产生) new solutions to tackle the pressing environmental issues of our time.
4.Chinese cuisine culture is extensive and profound, which can be roughly (被分成) eight regional cuisines.
5.I suggest that students turn off their phones, communicate with friends face-to-face, and be (参与) more outdoor activities.
6.There’s no electricity, running water or even textbooks, (更不用说) laptops, tablets, or other modern devices!
●Ⅲ 句型训练
1.Though since that Christmas, I have never forgotten what Sister Esther did for us.
虽然距离那个圣诞节已经过去了十多年,但我从未忘记埃丝特修女为我们所做的一切。
2.At 84, he’s still quite active, .
他84岁了,虽然走路时借助拐杖,但仍生龙活虎。
3.The person I admire most is my English teacher, is obvious to all. (定语从句)
我最佩服的人是我的英语老师,他对工作的投入有目共睹。
4.English is an international language, so . (it作形式主语)
英语是一门国际语言,所以我们很有必要去学习它。
5.The tunes are , and the lyrics often leave you deep in thought.
曲调很容易唱,并且歌词常常让你陷入沉思。
●Ⅰ 动词变形练
1. (speak) in so many countries and by so large a number of people, English is now a universal language.
2.When asked to make some remarks about the film, he (speak) highly of it, saying that he had never seen a better one before.
3.Are all the words (spell) correctly
4.I can’t seem to make my son understand that the extra time (spend) studying now will pay off in the future.
5.She took a mouthful of food and then suddenly (spit) it out.
6.The cake (split) into equal pieces for everyone at the party.
●Ⅱ 构词法规则
构词法 形容词后缀 -ic,-tic,-atic,-etic表示“……的”
指出下列黑体词的含义
1.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you.
2.[2022·全国乙卷] The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
3.[2022·全国甲卷] I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale;it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us.You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.
4.[2023·北京卷] The field of artificial life—called ALife for short—is the systematic attempt to spell out life’s fundamental principles.
5.[2023·浙江1月考] The day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group.
6.[2023·浙江1月考] Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator(传粉昆虫) populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the US agricultural economy.
●Ⅲ 熟词生义练
指出下列黑体词在句中的不同含义
1.raise
①[2022·浙江1月考] Seeing a ray of hope, Ms Burdeyney began raising money for the project with a friend.
②Stan’s dad died, leaving his mother to raise three sons alone.
③The teacher raised several important points for the students to consider.
2.rate
①[2021·浙江6月考] That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly.
②Many airlines and hotels will offer you a lower rate if the price for your trip falls after you’ve booked it.
3.read
①[2020·天津卷] Then he hung a colourful sign on each of the benches that read: “HAPPY TO CHAT”.
②Here she picks her top reads.
③He didn’t dare to look away, in case this was read as a sign of weakness.
4.reason
She reasoned that she must have left her bag on the train.
5.recognize
①[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them.
②With this medal, we would like to recognize Lynn Jennings for excellence in women’s running.
③The international community has refused to recognize the newly independent nation state.
Part Ⅰ 应用文写作
假定你是李华,经常帮助你学习英语的朋友Alex即将返回自己的国家。请给他写一封邮件,内容包括:
1.表示感谢;
2.回顾Alex对你的帮助;
3.临别祝愿。
注意: 写作词数应为80个左右。
Dear Alex,
I am sorry to learn that you are returning to your motherland soon. I am writing 1. (对你帮助我的英语学习所做的一切表达我衷心的感谢).
I will never forget 2. (你为提高我的英语口语和写作所奉献的时间和精力). 3. (没有你的帮助), I would never have gone this far in English studies. 4. (在你的影响下), I participated in the English Speech Contest and won first place. Besides, whenever I encountered difficulties, you always cheered me up and helped me out, 5. (这点燃了我对英语的热情) and promoted me to regain tremendous confidence. No words are strong enough 6. (表达我有多么感激).
I wish you a safe journey back home. Do keep in touch!
Yours,
Li Hua
Part Ⅱ 读后续写
27.动作描写的4大高分句式
【语言素材】
句式 公式 精彩例句
句式1 (1)三连动作链:主语+谓语 A, 谓语B, and 谓语 C (2)三连动作链:主语+谓语, 非谓语A and非谓语B The singer glanced at the audience, took a deep breath and began to sing. 歌手看了观众一眼,深吸了一口气,然后开始唱歌。 The students went out of the school, laughing and talking. 那些学生走出学校,又说又笑。
句式2 非谓语作状语 And yet, they all just stood there staring at me, motionless. 然而,他们都只是站在那里盯着我,一动不动。
句式3 with复合结构/独立主格结构 She unwrapped her delicate gift box, (with) her heart beating wildly. 她打开精致的礼品盒,心怦怦直跳。
句式4 时间状语从句 Tears streamed down his face when he recollected how much he had hurt her all these years. 当他回想起这些年来自己伤害她的种种,泪水顺着他的脸流下来。
【跟踪演练】
●Ⅰ 单句表达
1.She ,
and .
她醒了,溜下床,踮着脚走到门口。(三个连续的动作)
2.They ran in bare feet, .
他们光着脚跑着,笑着闹着。 (非谓语动词作状语)
3.When Karina saw it, she hugged it tightly .
当 Karina看到它时,她紧紧地抱着它,双眸满是泪水。(with的复合结构)
4.He raced to the bus stop, .他飞快地跑到公共汽车站,心怦怦直跳。(独立主格结构)
5. , Jimmy lay on the ground, admiring the extremely mysterious sky.
夜幕降临时,吉米躺在地上,欣赏着非常神秘莫测的天空。(时间状语从句)
●Ⅱ 语段表达(动作描写句式)
It was the first day of school. 1. (三连动作链:Emily早起,刷了牙,并且穿好了衣服). With her backpack ready, she headed out of the door, 2. (独立主格:心里充满兴奋). 3. (as引导时间状语从句:在她走去学校时), Emily practised her self-introduction again and again to guarantee to leave a good impression on her new classmates. When she arrived at the school gate, 4. (三连动作链:她整理了下校服,吸了一口气,走了进去). The hallways were bustling with students, 5. (独立主格:他们闲聊着和笑着). Emily found her classroom and took a seat. When the head teacher entered the classroom, each student was asked to make a self-introduction. When Emily’s turn came, she stood up awkwardly, 6. (独立主格:膝盖发抖,手心冒汗). Despite her nervousness, she made it. The teacher smiled, 7. (分词短语:对她的表现表示极大的赞赏). During recess, Emily went to the playground and saw a group of girls playing a jump rope. She 8. (双动作链:加入并迅速交到了新朋友). They jumped and chatted, 9. (独立主格:她心中的担忧逐渐消散). By the end of the day, she headed home, 10. (独立主格:步伐轻松,心情愉快). Unit 4 Breaking boundaries
(限时:35分钟)
●Ⅰ 阅读理解
A [2024·湖北百校联盟高三模拟预测]
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:345
People may typically think of memory as the recollection of the past. Memory enables people to learn from past experiences and apply that knowledge in present circumstances. It is a vital part of our identity. So is culture, the way of life specific to a group of people.
Cultural memory is the constructed understanding of the past that is passed from one generation to the next through text, oral traditions, monuments and other symbols. Cultural memory is often amassed in objects, such as museums or historical monuments. To understand culture, humans access masses of cultural symbols, such as books. Artefacts (历史文物) of the past provide insights into where we came from. Libraries and the Internet keep a seemingly boundless amount of data on what it means to be part of a culture. Cultural memory is the longest-lasting form of memory.
Like all forms of memory, cultural memory has important functions. For example, it makes the experiences a nation owns clear. It provides us with an understanding of the past and the values of the group to which we belong. Besides, it creates a form of shared identity and a means for communicating this identity to new members. The most powerful forms of cultural memory may involve memories of past disastrous experiences undergone by groups of victims. For example, in Russia, their role in World War Ⅱ—in which tens of millions of Russians were killed—is still an important part of modern Russian identity. Because all groups have cultural memory, it can bring about a spirit of resistance or survival among threatened groups.
The main function of cultural memory is not to recall the past, whether it be good or bad. Rather, it is to use knowledge of past experiences to avoid making the same mistakes again and again. Cultural memory enables people to adapt to their culture; it enables cultures to adapt to new circumstances by keeping traces of what worked in the past.
( )1.What is the function of the first paragraph
A.Reporting a discovery of cultural memory.
B.Leading to the concept of cultural memory.
C.Introducing the importance of memory in identity.
D.Making a connection between memory and culture.
( )2.Which can replace the underlined word “amassed” in Paragraph 2
A.Accumulated. B.Overlooked.
C.Evaluated. D.Created.
( )3.Russia is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to indicate .
A.the features of cultural memory
B.the formation of cultural memory
C.the role of big events in Russian identity
D.the impact of cultural memory on identity
( )4.What is cultural memory mainly expected to do
A.Pass previous wisdom down.
B.Keep traces of history.
C.Get people to know about the past.
D.Remind people of their identity.
B [2025·重庆拔尖强基联盟高三联考]
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:352
The term parasocial interaction (虚拟社交互动) was introduced in the 1950s by the social scientists Donald Horton and R. Richard Wohl. It was the early days of home television, and they were seeing people form a close connection with actors who were appearing virtually in their home. Today, the definition is much broader. After all, actors, singers, comedians, athletes, and countless other celebrities are available to us in more ways than ever before. Forming parasocial bonds has never been easier.
Psychologists document cases of parasocial relationships that can go much deeper, with severe consequences. Scholars note parasocial bonds range from casual talk about stars to intense emotions, uncontrollable behaviour and fantasies. At the deepest level, the parasocial relationship can be dangerous, such as when a fan loses touch with reality and secretly follows a star. It can also lead to confusion about one’s own identity, particularly in adolescents who are still forming their sense of self, as they may model themselves on the media figures with whom they have parasocial relationships.
In 2021, two psychologists from York University, in Canada, found that forming parasocial bonds was strongly related to avoidant attachment. That is, people who tended to push others away in their day-to-day lives were more likely to relate to fictional characters. You can easily see how parasocial relationships could be a replacement when one finds real-life attachment difficult. This could start a feedback cycle, in which avoiding close relationships stimulates parasocial bonding, which in turn leads to reduced interactions with real-life family and friends as the fans spend their time and energy on someone who doesn’t know they exist.
My purpose here is not to say that parasocial interactions are always bad for you, or even abnormal. Rather, it is to suggest that heavy parasocial bonding might be a signal that you are crowding out the real people who can give you the love you truly need. One way to address this is to get some more distance from your fictional friends, thus pausing the feedback cycle and giving yourself more space to pursue in-person connection.
( )5.How has parasocial interaction changed according to Paragraph 1
A.It has become more accessible.
B.It has affected more celebrities.
C.It has lost much of its significance.
D.It has turned into a two-way process.
( )6.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A.Reasons behind following celebrities.
B.Origins of dangerous relationships.
C.Different types of parasocial relationships.
D.Potential harm of parasocial relationships.
( )7.Which of the following can lead to parasocial relationships
A.Socializing with strangers.
B.Having strong family support.
C.Participating in group activities.
D.Struggling with relationships in reality.
( )8.What might the author suggest for those with heavy parasocial relationships
A.Meeting fictional friends in real life.
B.Seeking guidance from professionals.
C.Hanging out more with real friends.
D.Creating more space for being alone.
●Ⅱ 阅读七选五
[2024·福建厦门高三第四次质量检测]
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:288
Why is a compliment so impactful One of the most important things to humans is to feel valued and respected by others, says Vanessa Bohns, a social psychologist, who has researched compliments. According to her research, people feel “significantly better” after both giving and receiving a compliment. 1.
“You handled that situation so well.”
Bohns recently used her favourite compliment when she saw a server address a difficult situation with a customer at the bar. “I like it so much because you use it in anxious moments where the other person is often unsure as to whether they handled a situation OK,” she says. In situations that call for a compliment, don’t second-guess yourself. Give your compliments generously. 2. That concern is unfounded.
“3. ”
This compliment—one of Bohns’ favourites—works well among romantic partners and close family members. “It’s a beautiful way to highlight how their presence turns life into something meaningful, despite boring routines of our everyday lives,” she says. If you’re afraid that giving a compliment like this will feel strange, you’re not alone. 4. If it makes you personally feel like the bar is lowered for you to give a compliment if you write it down, or if you practise saying it out loud or giving your pet cat the compliment first, do that.
“Hey, great dress!”
Feel free to compliment strangers. In Bohns’ research, students on a college campus were told to approach a stranger of the same gender and compliment them about, for example, their nice shirt. Before heading out, the study participants tended to underestimate their positive effect while overestimating how annoying it would be. Across all contexts, strangers are more likely to be pleased than confused. Plus, who knows 5.
A.I love the way you bring out the best in people.
B.Respect is essential when you deliver compliments.
C.One way to overcome this fear is to do a practice run.
D.You make even ordinary moments feel extraordinary.
E.You might make a new friend in addition to making someone’s day.
F.With that in mind, we asked her to share some of her favourite compliments.
G.People sometimes worry that they’re going over and will start to sound insincere.
●Ⅲ 完形填空 [2024·河南信阳高三一模]
文体:记叙文 主题:人与社会 词数:248
During my stay at the University of Michigan, one of the senior professors asked me to join a seminar on culture and emotion. In a general 1 of self-introductions, I introduced myself in a(n) 2 way as one of those who are “interested in culture and emotion”. The professor supplemented (补充) my self-introduction to 3 American standards, saying I was one of the world’s experts on the 4 . In response, I looked down in 5 and thought that “expert” was a big word.
When I lived in North Carolina, my new friends came over to 6 . Conversations were full of interest and energy, and there was a lot of 7 . At the end of the evening, when my guests left, they thanked me for the dinner. My heart 8 , because I was born and raised in the Netherlands, where “thanking you for dinner” means the relationship is 9 .
Emotions are different enough to feel out of 10 when you move from one culture to another. The professor at the University of Michigan meant to make me feel 11 , but instead made me uncomfortable. My friends meant to show 12 , but they made me think they were distancing themselves from me.
We think about emotions as feelings deep inside us, but in 13 , our emotions happen in interactions with others. In my own culture, it was hard to observe the 14 emotions of others, but I was able to see them when I moved to the US—a different 15 from where I was raised.
( )1.A.analysis B.state
C.letter D.round
( )2.A.modest B.interesting
C.dramatic D.proud
( )3.A.set B.fit
C.evaluate D.recommend
( )4.A.approach B.situation
C.topic D.course
( )5.A.curiosity B.pity
C.disappointment D.embarrassment
( )6.A.play B.dine
C.work D.perform
( )7.A.support B.noise
C.fun D.argument
( )8.A.sank B.melted
C.raced D.opened
( )9.A.harmonious B.normal
C.strong D.distant
( )10.A.date B.shape
C.place D.sight
( )11.A.reliable B.good
C.serious D.careful
( )12.A.gratitude B.respect
C.admiration D.affection
( )13.A.total B.advance
C.detail D.reality
( )14.A.unbelievable B.pure
C.invisible D.powerful
( )15.A.level B.culture
C.standard D.value
词汇积累
1.recollection n.回忆;记忆;往事
2.identity n.身份;本身
3.masses of大量的
4.boundless adj.无限的;无止境的
5.disastrous adj.极糟糕的;灾难性的
6.resistance n.反对;抵制;抗拒
7.term n.术语;学期;期限
8.document v.用文件证明;记录,记载 n.文件
9.uncontrollable adj.无法控制的;难以防止的
10.avoidant adj.回避反应的
11.attachment n.依恋,爱慕;附件,附加装置
12.replacement n.替代品,替换品;接替者
pliment n./v.赞扬;称赞
14.unfounded adj.莫须有的;无端的;没理由的;不依据事实的(共116张PPT)
Unit 4 Breaking boundaries
语境词汇串记
考点互动探究
当堂过关检测
语言素养提升
写作素养提升
作业手册
答案速查【听】
答案速查【作】
Three years ago, COVID-19 1._______(break) out in my
hometown. Dozens of people perished overnight and the
hospitals were crowded with infected patients. The tragic scenes
got the civilians into panic. It was not realistic to wait for the
pandemic to disappear. As a medical student, the outbreak was
a call to action. I immediately joined a team of volunteers at a
local clinic, eager 2._____________(contribute) in any way
possible. I was assigned to assist Emma, an
broke
to contribute
3.__________(influence) specialist, in patient care. My days were
filled with tasks ranging from disinfecting clothing to clearing
the vomit. I also assisted in 4.____________(transport) patients
to different wards, providing comforting presence to relieve
their anxiety.
The clinic became a silent battlefield 5._______ medical
workers and volunteers combated our mutual enemy—the
infectious viruses. I saw first-hand the noble spirit of
dedication and 6._________(devote) displayed every day.
influential
transporting
where
devotion
In this inclusive place, every patient was 7.________(equal)
treated based on the medical plan that we conceived. Even in
such a severe moment, the harmonious atmosphere broke
down the boundaries and divisions between people.
My experience brought forth new perspectives and visions.
The pandemic detracted from the overall well-being of
mankind. Nothing could compensate for the losses of lives,
which was 8.___ vain. However, it is vital that we collaborated
and made joint efforts to create a miracle and make a
equally
in
difference. I am proud to be a portion of the effort. This
experience is 9.__________(reward) and it will have 10.____
enduring influence on my journey to be a doctor.
rewarding
an
1 cast v.(cast, cast) 选派(角色);扔;抛;掷;投射;向……投以
(视线、笑容等) n.全体演员
cast a look/glance at sb 看了/瞥了某人一眼
cast sb a smile 冲某人一笑
cast an eye on/over… 迅速检查/浏览……
cast a shadow over/on sth 给某事蒙上阴影
cast doubt(s) on 使人怀疑……
cast (new) light on sth 使更容易理解;有助于说明
be cast down (by sth) (因某事)沮丧，不愉快
【活学活用】
(1)熟词生义
[2024·北京卷] Soon, the cast list was posted. My friends checked
and came back shouting, “Amy, you got the main role!”
__________
全体演员
(2)完成句子
①Aware that Tim was not confident in himself, Lily
_______________________________(向他投以鼓励的目光), saying,
“I'll help you, and I'm sure you'll make it.”(读后续写之心理+神态
描写)
cast an encouraging look at him
②He ________________(朝我笑了笑), which eased my
nervousness, suggesting that he had forgiven me. (读后续写之神
态+心理描写)
cast me a smile
③Research findings __________________(有助于说明) the origin
of our universe.
④I am not ___________(使沮丧)by it because I am convinced
that I can pull myself together. (读后续写之情感描写)
cast(new) light on
cast down
2 rewarding adj.值得做的,有意义的;有益的
reward v. 酬谢;奖励,奖赏n.奖金;回报;报酬
reward sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事而奖赏/酬谢某人
reward sb with sth 用某物奖赏/回报某人
a reward for (doing) sth 做某事的奖励
in reward for 为奖赏……;为报答……
as a reward for 作为对……的奖赏/回报
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①［《小妇人》］ Helping others and making a positive impact
on their lives can be a truly __________(reward) experience.
②It is not a good idea for parents to give their children
rewards ____ passing exams.
rewarding
for
③____ a reward for his efforts, Mr Cook received a package of
cash and stock options worth over $59 m last year.
④___ reward for his timely help, I decided to treat him to a
seafood dinner.
As
In
(2)完成句子
[2020·全国新高考Ⅰ卷应用文写作] ___________________________
____________(我们学校奖励优胜者) gifts of fruits and flowers
when the race ended. (应用文写作之新闻报道)
Our school rewarded the winners with
3 division n.分歧;分裂;分配;除
(1)divide v. (使)分开,分散
divide…(up) into… 把……分成……
be divided into 被分成……
divide sth (up/out) (between/among sb)
分配;分享;分担
(2)divided adj. 有分歧的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①A ________(divide) has opened up between us over whether
to trust the woman or not.
division
②Watched by millions, the ending to the race has
________(divide) opinions: Should the brothers have been
disqualified or highly praised for their actions
divided
(2)熟词生义
[2023·浙江1月考] To calculate your speed as you do, divide
3,600 (the number of seconds in an hour) by the number of
seconds it takes you to travel one mile (the distance between
two mileposts). ____
除
(3)完成句子
We _______________________________(被分成几组) to talk about
different parts of the subject yesterday.
were divided into several groups
4 influential adj.有影响力的
influence n. 影响,作用;支配力,控制力,影响力
v. 影响,对……起作用
have an influence on/upon… 对……产生影响
under the influence of…(=under one's influence)
在……的影响之下
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[北师选二U4] Chaplin is sometimes criticised for being overly
sentimental, but comic actors of today still think his films are
__________(influence) in their approach to acting.
influential
②［2024·新课标Ⅰ卷］ Further, the Silk Route Garden around
the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey
___________(influence) by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as
well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.
influenced
(2)完成句子
[2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达] ___________________________________
________________________________________________(在我物理老
师的影响下), I have grown increasingly interested in physics. In
other words, my physics teacher is my role model, who
_________________________________(对我有很大的影响).
(应用文写作之人物介绍)
Under my physics teacher's influence/Under the influence of my physics teacher
has a great influence on/upon me
(教材P50) It's exactly one month since the last reported case.
距离发现上一个报告病例已经整整一个月了。
句型公式
“It is/has been+时间段+since…”
表示“自从……以来已经多久了”。
【句式点拨】
“It be+时间段+since…”句型,主句谓语为is或has been, since从句用
一般过去时;主句谓语为was, since从句用过去完成时。
【相关拓展】
(1)“It+will/won't be+long/一段时间+before…(从句用一般现在时)”表
示“要过很久/多久才会……/用不了多久就会……”。
“It+was/wasn't+long/一段时间+before…(从句用一般过去时)”表示“过
了很久/多久才……/没过多久就……”。如:
It won't be long before we meet again in the US.
用不了多久我们就会在美国再次相遇。
It was two years before he realized what he had done was
wrong.
过了两年他才意识到他所做的是错的。
(2)“It+is/was+时间状语(表示在某一时间点或时间段)+that…”是强调
句型。如:
It was for five years that he worked in America.
他在美国工作了5年。
(3)“It+be+时间点+when…”表示“做某事时是某时”。如:
It was five o'clock when the accident happened.
事故发生时是五点钟。
【活学活用】
(1)根据语境选择合适的词填空(since/before/that/when)
①As is reported, it is more than 100 years ______ Peking
University was founded.
②It was at midnight _____ he knocked at my door.
③It was several minutes _______ we realized what was
happening.
④It was twelve o'clock sharp ______ he arrived home last night.
since
that
before
when
(2)完成句子
It _____________________________ they separated, but it
_____________________ they meet again.
他们已经分开很长时间了,但不久他们就会再次见面。
is/has been a long time since
won't be long before
Ⅰ单句填空
1.Laughter is an __________(infect) expression of emotion.
2.After landing a job as a medical _________(assist) in a local
clinic, I felt relieved.
infectious
assistant
3.With joint efforts and selfless _________(devote), the team
overcame numerous challenges and accomplished their project
in advance.
devotion
4.When my feet made contact with the solid rock on the top, I
breathed a huge sigh of ______(relieve).
5.It is __________(reward) to pursue your passion as you can
gain inner fulfilment and a sense of purpose in life.
6.Confucius was regarded as an __________(influence) thinker
and educator in ancient China.
relief
rewarding
influential
7.The ________(divide) of responsibilities between departments
needs to be clearly defined to avoid any confusion over
boundaries.
division
8.We sincerely hope you can truly feel the
____________(harmony) atmosphere of people's performing a
small and random act of kindness.
harmonious
9.He _______(noble) donated all of his savings, amounting to a
considerable sum altogether, to support the charity for
underprivileged children.
nobly
Ⅱ 短语填空
1.When we face some misunderstandings, we need to
___________________(共同努力) to maintain our friendship.
2.They attempted to persuade him to give up the original
plan, but ________(徒劳无益).
make a joint effort
in vain
3.The innovative team aimed to ___________(使产生) new
solutions to tackle the pressing environmental issues of our
time.
bring forth
4.Chinese cuisine culture is extensive and profound, which can
be roughly ____________(被分成) eight regional cuisines.
divided into
5.I suggest that students turn off their phones, communicate
with friends face-to-face, and be ____________(参与) more
outdoor activities.
engaged in
6.There's no electricity, running water or even textbooks,
_______________(更不用说) laptops, tablets, or other modern
devices!
not to mention
Ⅲ 句型训练
1.Though _________________________________ since that
Christmas, I have never forgotten what Sister Esther did for us.
虽然距离那个圣诞节已经过去了十多年,但我从未忘记埃丝特修女为
我们所做的一切。
it is/has been more than 10 years
2.At 84, he's still quite active, _______________________________
______________________.
他84岁了,虽然走路时借助拐杖,但仍生龙活虎。
although/though he walks with the assistance of a stick
3.The person I admire most is my English teacher, ___________
___________________ is obvious to all. (定语从句)
我最佩服的人是我的英语老师,他对工作的投入有目共睹。
whose devotion to his work
4.English is an international language, so _____________________
________________. (it作形式主语)
英语是一门国际语言,所以我们很有必要去学习它。
it is very necessary for us to learn it
5.The tunes are _____________, and the lyrics often leave you
deep in thought.
曲调很容易唱,并且歌词常常让你陷入沉思。
easy to sing
Ⅰ 动词变形练
1.________(speak) in so many countries and by so large a
number of people, English is now a universal language.
Spoken
2.When asked to make some remarks about the film, he
_______(speak) highly of it, saying that he had never seen a
better one before.
spoke
3.Are all the words _____________(spell) correctly
spelt/spelled
4.I can't seem to make my son understand that the extra time
______(spend) studying now will pay off in the future.
5.She took a mouthful of food and then suddenly _____ (spit) it
out.
6.The cake _________(split) into equal pieces for everyone at the
party.
spent
spat
was split
Ⅱ 构词法规则
构词法 形容词后缀 -ic,-tic,-atic,-etic表示“……的”
指出下列黑体词的含义
1.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five
rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always
a bike available for you. __________
战略性的
2.[2022·全国乙卷] The one in the new environment should be
sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
________
同情的
3.[2022·全国甲卷] I remember the first time I saw a humpback
whale;it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature
and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the
operatic sounds it was making underwater. ________________
史前的；歌剧的
4.[2023·北京卷] The field of artificial life—called ALife for short—
is the systematic attempt to spell out life's fundamental
principles. ________
系统的
5.[2023·浙江1月考] The day is divided into two thematic
sessions per age group. ______________
主题的,专题的
6.[2023·浙江1月考] Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate
change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator(传粉昆虫)
populations over the past couple of decades, which has
damaged the US agricultural economy. ______________
突然的,急剧的
Ⅲ 熟词生义练
指出下列黑体词在句中的不同含义
1.raise
①[2022·浙江1月考] Seeing a ray of hope, Ms Burdeyney began
raising money for the project with a friend. ______
②Stan's dad died, leaving his mother to raise three sons alone.
__________
③The teacher raised several important points for the students
to consider. ______
筹集
抚养,养育
提出
2.rate
①[2021·浙江6月考] That movie led him into the second half of
his career where his comedic presence alone could make a
movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not
rate it highly. ______
评价
②Many airlines and hotels will offer you a lower rate if the
price for your trip falls after you've booked it. __________
价格,费用
3.read
①[2020·天津卷] Then he hung a colourful sign on each of the
benches that read: “HAPPY TO CHAT”. ______
②Here she picks her top reads. _____________________________
__________
③He didn't dare to look away, in case this was read as a sign
of weakness. ____________
写着
好的(或有意思等的)读物;好书 (或文章等)
理解为,阐释
4.reason
She reasoned that she must have left her bag on the train.
__________
推理,推断
5.recognize
①[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] Naming each nature experience creates
a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part
in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to
them.______
认识
②With this medal, we would like to recognize Lynn Jennings
for excellence in women's running. __________
③The international community has refused to recognize the
newly independent nation state. ______________
赞赏,赏识
正式承认,认可
Part Ⅰ 应用文写作
假定你是李华，经常帮助你学习英语的朋友Alex即将返回自己
的国家。请给他写一封邮件,内容包括:
1.表示感谢;
2.回顾Alex对你的帮助;
3.临别祝愿。
注意: 写作词数应为80个左右。
Dear Alex,
I am sorry to learn that you are returning to your
motherland soon. I am writing 1._____________________________
___________________________________________________________
(对你帮助我的英语学习所做的一切表达我衷心的感谢).
I will never forget 2.____________________________________
_________________________________________(你为提高我的英语
口语和写作所奉献的时间和精力). 3._______________________
to express my heartfelt gratitude for what you have done to help me with my English studies
your devotion of time and energy to improving my English speaking and writing
Without your assistance
(没有你的帮助), I would never have gone this far in English
studies. 4._____________________(在你的影响下), I participated in
the English Speech Contest and won first place. Besides,
whenever I encountered difficulties, you always cheered me up
and helped me out, 5.______________________________________
(这点燃了我对英语的热情) and promoted me to regain tremendous
confidence. No words are strong enough
6.____________________________(表达我有多么感激).
Under your influence
which fueled my enthusiasm for English
to convey how grateful I am
I wish you a safe journey back home. Do keep in touch!
Yours,
Li Hua
Part Ⅱ 读后续写
27.动作描写的4大高分句式
【语言素材】
句式 公式 精彩例句
句式1 (1)三连动作链:主 语+谓语 A,谓语 B， and 谓语 C(2)三连动作链： 主语+谓语，非谓 语A and非谓语B The singer glanced at the audience,
took a deep breath and began to sing.
歌手看了观众一眼,深吸了一口气,然后开始
唱歌。
The students went out of the
school, laughing and talking.
那些学生走出学校，又说又笑。
句式 公式 精彩例句
句式2 非谓语作状语 And yet, they all just stood there
staring at me, motionless.
然而,他们都只是站在那里盯着我,一动不动。
句式3 with复合结构/ 独立主格结构 She unwrapped her delicate gift box,
(with) her heart beating wildly. 她打开精
致的礼品盒,心怦怦直跳。
续表
句式 公式 精彩例句
句式4 时间状语从句 Tears streamed down his face when
he recollected how much he had hurt
her all these years.
当他回想起这些年来自己伤害她的种种，泪水
顺着他的脸流下来。
续表
【跟踪演练】
Ⅰ 单句表达
1.She _________ , ___________________and ___________________
_____.
她醒了,溜下床,踮着脚走到门口。(三个连续的动作)
woke up
slipped out of bed
tiptoed to the door
2.They ran in bare feet, _____________________.
他们光着脚跑着,笑着闹着。 (非谓语动词作状语)
laughing and teasing
3.When Karina saw it, she hugged it tightly __________________
____________________________________.
当 Karina看到它时,她紧紧地抱着它，双眸满是泪水。(with的复合结
构)
with tears filling her eyes/with her eyes filled with tears
4.He raced to the bus stop, ___________________________.他飞
快地跑到公共汽车站,心怦怦直跳。(独立主格结构)
his heart pounding violently
5.________________, Jimmy lay on the ground, admiring the
extremely mysterious sky.
夜幕降临时，吉米躺在地上，欣赏着非常神秘莫测的天空。
(时间状语从句)
When night fell
Ⅱ 语段表达(动作描写句式)
It was the first day of school. 1._________________________
_________________________________(三连动作链：Emily早起，刷
了牙，并且穿好了衣服). With her backpack ready, she headed
out of the door, 2.______________________________(独立主格：
心里充满兴奋). 3.________________________(as引导时间状语从句：
在她走去学校时), Emily practised her self-introduction again and
again to guarantee to leave a good impression on her new
Emily got up early, brushed her teeth, and got dressed
her heart filled with excitement
As she walked to school
classmates. When she arrived at the school gate， 4.__________
______________________________________________________
(三连动作链：她整理了下校服，吸了一口气，走了进去). The
hallways were bustling with students, 5._______________________
________(独立主格：他们闲聊着和笑着). Emily found her
classroom and took a seat. When the head teacher entered the
classroom, each student was asked to make a self-introduction.
When Emily's turn came, she stood up awkwardly, 6.___________
______________________________________(独立主格：膝盖发抖,手
she adjusted her school uniform, took a breath and walked in
they chattering and laughing
her knees shaking and her palms damp with sweat
心冒汗). Despite her nervousness, she made it. The teacher
smiled, 7._____________________________________________
(分词短语：对她的表现表示极大的赞赏). During recess, Emily
went to the playground and saw a group of girls playing a
jump rope. She 8.______________________________________
(双动作链:加入并迅速交到了新朋友). They jumped and chatted,
9._________________________________(独立主格：她心中的担忧逐
渐消散). By the end of the day, she headed home,
10._____________________________________(独立主格：步伐轻松，
心情愉快).
showing great appreciation for her performance
joined in, and quickly made new friends
worries in her heart melting away
her steps light and her mood cheerful
作 业 手 册
(限时：35分钟)
Ⅰ 阅读理解
A[2024·湖北百校联盟高三模拟预测]
文体：说明文 主题：人与社会 词数：345
People may typically think of memory as the recollection of
the past. Memory enables people to learn from past experiences
and apply that knowledge in present circumstances. It is a vital
part of our identity. So is culture, the way of life specific to a
group of people.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Cultural memory is the constructed understanding of the
past that is passed from one generation to the next through
text, oral traditions, monuments and other symbols. Cultural
memory is often amassed in objects, such as museums or
historical monuments. To understand culture, humans access
masses of cultural symbols, such as books. Artefacts (历史文物)
of the past provide insights into where we came from. Libraries
and the Internet keep a seemingly boundless amount of data
on what it means to be part of a culture. Cultural memory is
the longest-lasting form of memory.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Like all forms of memory, cultural memory has important
functions. For example, it makes the experiences a nation owns
clear. It provides us with an understanding of the past and the
values of the group to which we belong. Besides, it creates a
form of shared identity and a means for communicating this
identity to new members. The most powerful forms of cultural
memory may involve memories of past disastrous experiences
undergone by groups of victims. For example, in Russia, their
role in World War Ⅱ—in which tens of millions of Russians
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
were killed—is still an important part of modern Russian identity.
Because all groups have cultural memory, it can bring about a
spirit of resistance or survival among threatened groups.
The main function of cultural memory is not to recall the
past, whether it be good or bad. Rather, it is to use knowledge
of past experiences to avoid making the same mistakes again
and again. Cultural memory enables people to adapt to their
culture; it enables cultures to adapt to new circumstances by
keeping traces of what worked in the past.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了文化记忆的概念
和功能。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
( )1.What is the function of the first paragraph
A.Reporting a discovery of cultural memory.
B.Leading to the concept of cultural memory.
C.Introducing the importance of memory in identity.
D.Making a connection between memory and culture.
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
[解析] 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“People may typically think of
memory as the recollection of the past. Memory enables people
to learn from past experiences and apply that knowledge in
present circumstances. It is a vital part of our identity. So is
culture, the way of life specific to a group of people.”和文章第
二段“Cultural memory is the constructed understanding of the
past that is passed from one generation to the next through
text, oral traditions, monuments and other symbols.”可知，第一
段的作用是引出文化记忆的概念。故选B。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
( )2.Which can replace the underlined word “amassed” in
Paragraph 2
A.Accumulated. B.Overlooked. C.Evaluated. D.Created.
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据下文“To understand culture, humans
access masses of cultural symbols, such as books. Artefacts
(历史文物) of the past provide insights into where we came
from.”可知，文化记忆通常积聚在物品中。由此可知，amassed意为
“积累，积聚”。故选A。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
( )3.Russia is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to indicate
________.
A.the features of cultural memory
B.the formation of cultural memory
C.the role of big events in Russian identity
D.the impact of cultural memory on identity
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
[解析] 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The most powerful forms of
cultural memory may involve memories of past disastrous
experiences undergone by groups of victims. For example, in
Russia, their role in World War Ⅱ—in which tens of millions of
Russians were killed—is still an important part of modern
Russian identity. Because all groups have cultural memory, it can
bring about a spirit of resistance or survival among threatened
groups.”可知，第三段提到俄罗斯是为了说明文化记忆对身份认同的
影响。故选D。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
( )4.What is cultural memory mainly expected to do
A.Pass previous wisdom down.
B.Keep traces of history.
C.Get people to know about the past.
D.Remind people of their identity.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Rather, it is to use
knowledge of past experiences to avoid making the same
mistakes again and again.”可推知，文化记忆的主要作用是将前人
的智慧传承下去。故选A。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
B[2025·重庆拔尖强基联盟高三联考]
文体：说明文 主题：人与社会 词数：352
The term parasocial interaction (虚拟社交互动) was
introduced in the 1950s by the social scientists Donald Horton
and R. Richard Wohl. It was the early days of home television,
and they were seeing people form a close connection with
actors who were appearing virtually in their home. Today, the
definition is much broader. After all, actors, singers, comedians,
athletes, and countless other celebrities are available to us in
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
more ways than ever before. Forming parasocial bonds has
never been easier.
Psychologists document cases of parasocial relationships
that can go much deeper, with severe consequences. Scholars
note parasocial bonds range from casual talk about stars to
intense emotions, uncontrollable behaviour and fantasies. At the
deepest level, the parasocial relationship can be dangerous, such
as when a fan loses touch with reality and secretly follows a
star. It can also lead to confusion about one's own identity,
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
particularly in adolescents who are still forming their sense of
self, as they may model themselves on the media figures with
whom they have parasocial relationships.
In 2021, two psychologists from York University, in Canada,
found that forming parasocial bonds was strongly related to
avoidant attachment. That is, people who tended to push
others away in their day-to-day lives were more likely to relate
to fictional characters. You can easily see how parasocial
relationships could be a replacement when one finds real-life
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
attachment difficult. This could start a feedback cycle, in which
avoiding close relationships stimulates parasocial bonding, which
in turn leads to reduced interactions with real-life family and
friends as the fans spend their time and energy on someone
who doesn't know they exist.
My purpose here is not to say that parasocial interactions
are always bad for you, or even abnormal. Rather, it is to
suggest that heavy parasocial bonding might be a signal that
you are crowding out the real people who can give you the
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
love you truly need. One way to address this is to get some
more distance from your fictional friends, thus pausing the
feedback cycle and giving yourself more space to pursue in-
person connection.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是“虚拟社交”这一
概念的起源和发展，以及人们与名人之间的情感联系对个人的影响。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
( )5.How has parasocial interaction changed according to
Paragraph 1
A.It has become more accessible.
B.It has affected more celebrities.
C.It has lost much of its significance.
D.It has turned into a two-way process.
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
[解析] 细节理解题。根据首段中的“Today, the definition is much
broader. After all, actors, singers, comedians, athletes, and
countless other celebrities are available to us in more ways than
ever before. Forming parasocial bonds has never been easier.”可
知，现在有更多的方式接触到名人，形成虚拟社交关系更加简单，
由此可知，虚拟社交变得更容易实现。故选A项。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
( )6.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A.Reasons behind following celebrities.
B.Origins of dangerous relationships.
C.Different types of parasocial relationships.
D.Potential harm of parasocial relationships.
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
[解析] 段落大意题。根据第二段中的“Psychologists document
cases of parasocial relationships that can go much deeper, with
severe consequences. Scholars note parasocial bonds range from
casual talk about stars to intense emotions, uncontrollable
behaviour and fantasies.”以及下文中介绍的深层次的虚拟社交案例
和虚拟社交关系对青少年影响的分析可知，本段主要介绍的是虚拟
社交关系带来的严重后果。故选D项。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
( )7.Which of the following can lead to parasocial
relationships
A.Socializing with strangers.
B.Having strong family support.
C.Participating in group activities.
D.Struggling with relationships in reality.
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“That is, people who tended
to push others away in their day-to-day lives were more likely
to relate to fictional characters. You can easily see how
parasocial relationships could be a replacement when one finds
real-life attachment difficult.”可知，那些在日常生活中脱离现实的
人更有可能与虚构人物产生联系，在现实生活中的依恋很难时，虚
拟社交关系就会成为其替代品，由此可知，在现实关系中很挣扎很
可能导致虚拟社交关系。故选D项。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
( )8.What might the author suggest for those with heavy
parasocial relationships
A.Meeting fictional friends in real life.
B.Seeking guidance from professionals.
C.Hanging out more with real friends.
D.Creating more space for being alone.
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
[解析] 细节理解题。根据尾段中的“One way to address this is to
get some more distance from your fictional friends, thus pausing
the feedback cycle and giving yourself more space to pursue
in-person connection.”可知，作者建议与虚拟朋友保持距离，给自
己更多的空间去追求面对面的关系，由此可知，作者建议多和真正
的朋友出去。故选C项。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Ⅱ 阅读七选五
[2024·福建厦门高三第四次质量检测]
文体：说明文 主题：人与社会 词数：288
Why is a compliment so impactful One of the most
important things to humans is to feel valued and respected by
others, says Vanessa Bohns, a social psychologist, who has
researched compliments. According to her research, people feel
“significantly better” after both giving and receiving a
compliment. 1.___
F
1
2
3
4
5
“You handled that situation so well.”
Bohns recently used her favourite compliment when she saw
a server address a difficult situation with a customer at the bar.
“I like it so much because you use it in anxious moments where
the other person is often unsure as to whether they handled a
situation OK,” she says. In situations that call for a compliment,
don't second-guess yourself. Give your compliments generously.
2.___ That concern is unfounded.
G
1
2
3
4
5
This compliment—one of Bohns' favourites—works well
among romantic partners and close family members. “It's a
beautiful way to highlight how their presence turns life into
something meaningful, despite boring routines of our everyday
lives,” she says. If you're afraid that giving a compliment like
this will feel strange, you're not alone. 4.___ If it makes you
personally feel like the bar is lowered for you to give a
compliment if you write it down, or if you practise saying it out
loud or giving your pet cat the compliment first, do that.
C
1
2
3
4
5
“3.___”
D
Feel free to compliment strangers. In Bohns' research,
students on a college campus were told toapproach a stranger
of the same gender and compliment them about, for example,
their nice shirt. Before heading out, the study participants
tended to underestimate their positive effect while
overestimating how annoying it would be. Across all contexts,
strangers are more likely to be pleased than confused. Plus,
who knows 5.___
E
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2
3
4
5
“Hey, great dress!”
A.I love the way you bring out the best in people.
B.Respect is essential when you deliver compliments.
C.One way to overcome this fear is to do a practice run.
D.You make even ordinary moments feel extraordinary.
E.You might make a new friend in addition to making
someone's day.
F.With that in mind, we asked her to share some of her
favourite compliments.
1
2
3
4
5
G.People sometimes worry that they're going over and will start
to sound insincere.
1
2
3
4
5
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了社会心理学家
Vanessa Bohns最喜欢的一些赞美，阐述了赞美的重要性和如何有效
地给予赞美。
1.___
F
[解析] 设空位于首段段尾，应起承接上文，引出下文的作用，根据
前文“Why is a compliment so impactful One of the most
important things to humans is to feel valued and respected by
others, says Vanessa Bohns, a social psychologist, who has
researched compliments. According to her research, people feel
‘significantly better’ after both giving and receiving a
compliment.”可知，本文主要讲述了赞美的重要性，根据后文小标题
可知，是一些赞美词，所以F项(考虑到这一点，我们请她分享一些
她最喜欢的赞美词。)承接上文，并引出下文，符合文意。故选F项。
1
2
3
4
5
2.___
G
[解析] 根据前文“In situations that call for a compliment, don't
second-guess yourself. Give your compliments generously.”以及后
文“That concern is unfounded.”可知，前文讲述慷慨地赞美别人，
后文讲述一种担心，所以空处应是提出一种担心，所以G项
(人们有时会担心自己说过了头，听起来会不真诚。)符合文意。故选
G项。
1
2
3
4
5
3.___
D
[解析] 分析设空，为本段小标题，应是Vanessa最喜欢的赞美之一，
根据后文“This compliment—one of Bohns' favourites—works well
among romantic partners and close family members. ‘It's a
beautiful way to highlight how their presence turns life into
something meaningful, despite boring routines of our everyday
lives,’ she says.”可知，这个赞美适合浪漫伴侣和亲密的家庭成员之
间使用，强调对方的存在如何使生活变得有意义，所以D项
(你让平凡的时刻变得不平凡。)符合文意。故选D项。
1
2
3
4
5
4.___
C
[解析] 根据前文“If you're afraid that giving a compliment like
this will feel strange, you're not alone.”以及后文“If it makes you
personally feel like the bar is lowered for you to give a
compliment if you write it down, or if you practise saying it out
loud or giving your pet cat the compliment first, do that.”可知，
空处需要提供一个克服这种担忧的方法，所以C项(克服这种恐惧的
一个方法是进行练习。)符合语境，它直接回应了前文的担忧，并提
供了后文所描述的建议。故选C项。
1
2
3
4
5
5.___
E
[解析] 设空位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“Feel free to
compliment strangers…Across all contexts, strangers are more
likely to be pleased than confused. Plus, who knows ”可知，E项
(除了让别人开心之外，你还可能交到一个新朋友。)符合语境，描述
了赞美陌生人可能带来的社交好处，是对前文方法的总结。故选E项。
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅲ 完形填空［2024·河南信阳高三一模］
文体：记叙文 主题：人与社会 词数：248
During my stay at the University of Michigan, one of the
senior professors asked me to join a seminar on culture and
emotion. In a general . .1. . of self-introductions, I introduced
myself in a(n) . .2. . way as one of those who are “interested in
culture and emotion”. The professor supplemented (补充) my
self-introduction to . .3. . American standards, saying I was one of
the world's experts on the . .4. .. In response, I looked down
in . .5. . and thought that “expert” was a big word.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
When I lived in North Carolina, my new friends came over
to . .6. .. Conversations were full of interest and energy, and there
was a lot of . .7. .. At the end of the evening, when my guests
left, they thanked me for the dinner. My heart . .8. ., because I
was born and raised in the Netherlands, where “thanking you
for dinner” means the relationship is . .9. ..
Emotions are different enough to feel out of . .10. . when
you move from one culture to another. The professor at the
University of Michigan meant to make me feel . .11. ., but instead
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
made me uncomfortable. My friends meant to show . .12. ., but
they made me think they were distancing themselves from me.
We think about emotions as feelings deep inside us, but
in . .13. ., our emotions happen in interactions with others. In my
own culture, it was hard to observe the . .14. . emotions of
others, but I was able to see them when I moved to the US—a
different . .15. . from where I was raised.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者作为一个土生土
长的荷兰人，在与美国人交流时发现了身处不同文化中的人表达情
感的方式也不同。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )1.A.analysis B.state C.letter D.round
[解析] 根据上文中的“…asked me to join a seminar on culture
and emotion.”和空后的of self-introductions可知，作者参加了一个
研讨会，在会上大家依次做一轮自我介绍。故选D。analysis分析；
state状态；letter信；round阶段，轮次。
√
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3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
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15
( )2.A.modest B.interesting C.dramatic D.proud
[解析] 根据空后的“…as one of those who are ‘interested in
culture and emotion’”和下文中的“…saying I was one of the
world's experts…”可知，作者介绍自己的时候说自己只是一个对文化
和情感感兴趣的人，而教授却说作者是专家，由此可知，作者介绍
自己的时候非常谦虚。故选A。modest谦虚的；interesting有趣的；
dramatic急剧的；proud骄傲的。
√
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
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15
( )3.A.set B.fit C.evaluate D.recommend
[解析] 根据空后的American standards可知，这位教授补充作者的
自我介绍是为了更符合美国人说话的习惯。故选B。set设置；fit适合，
符合；evaluate评估；recommend推荐。
( )4.A.approach B.situation C.topic D.course
[解析] 根据上文中的a seminar on culture and emotion可知，作
者参加的是关于文化和情感的研讨会，此处指作者是关于这个话题
的专家。故选C。approach方式；situation情况；topic话题，题目；
course课程，讲座。
√
√
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )5.A.curiosity B.pity
C.disappointment D.embarrassment
[解析] 根据空后的“…and thought that ‘expert’ was a big word.”
可知，作者觉得用专家来形容自己显得太过了，感觉很尴尬。故选D。
curiosity好奇心；pity遗憾；disappointment失望；embarrassment窘
迫，尴尬。
√
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )6.A.play B.dine C.work D.perform
[解析] 根据下文中的“…they thanked me for the dinner.”可知，作
者的新朋友来作者家里吃饭。故选B。play玩；dine进餐，用饭；
work工作；perform表演，履行。
( )7.A.support B.noise C.fun D.argument
[解析] 根据上文的full of interest and energy可知，作者和朋友们
的谈话很有趣，所以充满了乐趣。故选C。support支持；noise噪声；
fun快乐，乐趣；argument争吵，争辩。
√
√
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )8.A.sank B.melted C.raced D.opened
[解析] 根据后文的“…they made me think they were distancing
themselves from me.”可知，作者听到客人们的感谢后心情低落。
my heart sinks意为“情绪低落”。故选A。sink下沉；melt融化；race
急速跳动；open打开。
√
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )9.A.harmonious B.normal C.strong D.distant
[解析] 根据下文中的“…they made me think they were distancing
themselves from me.”可知，在作者的文化中，感谢别人的饭说明这
段关系很疏远。故选D。harmonious和谐；normal正常的；strong强
壮的；distant遥远的，疏远的。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )10.A.date B.shape C.place D.sight
[解析] 根据空后的“…when you move from one culture to
another.”并结合上文作者与美国人打交道的两件事可知，作者从一
种文化进入到另一种文化，两种文化表达感情的方式不同，让人感
觉格格不入。故选C。out of date过时的；out of shape变形的；
out of place位置不当，不适当；out of sight看不见。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )11.A.reliable B.good C.serious D.careful
[解析] 根据空后的“…but instead made me uncomfortable.”可知，
空处表达内容应和uncomfortable相反，教授的本意是想让作者感觉
良好。故选B。reliable可靠的；good好的；serious严肃的；careful
小心的。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )12.A.gratitude B.respect C.admiration D.affection
[解析] but前后表示转折，but后的“…they made me think they
were distancing themselves from me.”讲朋友们感谢作者的招待让
作者感觉他们在疏远自己，此处指朋友们本意是想表示感激。故选A。
gratitude感激，感谢；respect尊重；admiration羡慕，赞赏；
affection喜爱，钟爱。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )13.A.total B.advance C.detail D.reality
[解析] 根据上文的“We think about emotions as feelings deep
inside us…”可知，这里是将我们认为的和实际相比较。故选D。in
total总共；in advance提前；in detail详细地；in reality事实上。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )14.A.unbelievable B.pure C.invisible D.powerful
[解析] 根据下文的“…but I was able to see them…”可知，后面说
作者在美国能看见别人的情感，这里与之相反，表示的是作者在荷
兰时很难看到这些无形的情感。故选C。unbelievable难以置信的；
pure纯粹的；invisible看不见的，无形的；powerful强有力的。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )15.A.level B.culture C.standard D.value
[解析] 根据句中的in my own culture并结合全文可知，作者主要讨
论的是文化不同，表达情感的方式也不同，作者搬到了美国，这里
的文化与作者自己的文化不同。故选B。level程度，水平；culture文
化；standard标准；value价值。
√
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2
3
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5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
词汇积累
1.recollection n.回忆；记忆；往事
2.identity n.身份；本身
3.masses of大量的
4.boundless adj.无限的；无止境的
5.disastrous adj.极糟糕的；灾难性的
6.resistance n.反对；抵制；抗拒
7.term n.术语；学期；期限
8.document v.用文件证明；记录，记载 n.文件
9.uncontrollable adj.无法控制的；难以防止的
10.avoidant adj.回避反应的
11.attachment n.依恋，爱慕；附件，附加装置
12.replacement n.替代品，替换品；接替者
pliment n./v.赞扬；称赞
14.unfounded adj.莫须有的；无端的；没理由的；不依据事实的
快速核答案
高中英语 选择性必修第二册
Unit 4 Breaking boundaries
听课手册
●语境词汇串记
1.broke 2.to contribute 3.influential 4.transporting 5.where
6.devotion 7.equally 8.in 9.rewarding 10.an
●考点互动探究
单词点睛
1.（1）全体演员 （2）①cast an encouraging look at him
②cast me a smile ③cast（new） light on ④cast down
2. （1）①rewarding ②for ③As ④In （2）Our school
rewarded the winners with
3.（1）①division ②divided （2）除 （3）were divided into
several groups
4.（1）①influential ②influenced （2）Under my physics
teacher's influence/Under the influence of my physics
teacher;has a great influence on/upon me
句型透视
（1）①since ②that ③before ④when （2）is/has been a
long time since;won't be long before
●当堂过关检测
Ⅰ单句填空
1.infectious 2.assistant 3.devotion 4.relief 5.rewarding
6. influential 7.division 8.harmonious 9.nobly
Ⅱ 短语填空
1.make a joint effort 2.in vain 3.bring forth 4.divided
into 5.engaged in 6.not to mention
Ⅲ 句型训练
1.it is/has been more than 10 years 2.although/though he
walks with the assistance of a stick 3.whose devotion to his
work 4.it is very necessary for us to learn it 5.easy to sing
●语言素养提升
Ⅰ 动词变形练
1.Spoken 2.spoke 3.spelt/spelled 4.spent 5.spat 6.was
split
Ⅱ 构词法规则
1.战略性的 2.同情的 3.史前的；歌剧的 4.系统的 5.主题的,专
题的 6.突然的,急剧的
Ⅲ 熟词生义练
1.①筹集 ②抚养,养育 ③提出 2.①评价 ②价格,费用
3.①写着 ②好的（或有意思等的）读物;好书（或文章等） ③理
解为,阐释 4.推理,推断 5.①认识 ②赞赏,赏识 ③正式承认,认可
●写作素养提升
Part Ⅰ 应用文写作
1.to express my heartfelt gratitude for what you have done to
help me with my English studies
2.your devotion of time and energy to improving my English
speaking and writing
3.Without your assistance
4.Under your influence
5.which fueled my enthusiasm for English
6.to convey how grateful I am
Part Ⅱ 读后续写
27.动作描写的4大高分句式
【跟踪演练】
Ⅰ.1.woke up; slipped out of bed; tiptoed to the door
2.laughing and teasing 3.with tears filling her eyes/with her eyes
filled with tears 4.his heart pounding violently
5.When night fell
Ⅱ.1.Emily got up early, brushed her teeth, and got dressed
2.her heart filled with excitement 3.As she walked to school
4.she adjusted her school uniform, took a breath and walked in
5.they chattering and laughing 6.her knees shaking and her
palms damp with sweat 7.showing great appreciation for her
performance 8.joined in, and quickly made new friends
9.worries in her heart melting away
10.her steps light and her mood cheerful
Ⅱ 阅读七选五
1.F 2.G 3.D 4.C 5.E
Ⅲ 完形填空
1.D 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.D 10.C 11.B
12.A 13.D 14.C 15.B
作业手册
Ⅰ 阅读理解
1.B 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.A 6.D 7.D 8.C
