Unit 4 Everyday economics
● 语境词汇串记
1.and 2.to make 3.financial 4.Having accumulated
5.rationally 6.which 7.grew 8.distributor 9.as
10.are bitten
● 考点互动探究
单词点睛
(1)guidance
(2)①give us some guidance/give some guidance to us
②Under the guidance of a local villager/Under a local villager’s guidance
③guided the elderly man to his seat
(1)consultant
(2)①to consult you about the relevant arrangements
②consult (with) you about/on our plan
(1)①at ②expensive (2)①at the expense of
②cover all expenses
句型透视
(1)①is ②(should) be taken ③was
(2)(should) organize reading clubs
①As is often the case ②As is reported
③As is mentioned above ④As it turned out
● 当堂过关检测
Ⅰ.1.distribution 2.guidance 3.financial 4.frustrated
5.sorrowful 6.expensive 7.subjective 8.consultant
9.conventional 10.automatically
Ⅱ.1.go/get into debt 2.make ends meet 3.at the expense of
4.rents; out 5.as to 6.took a deep breath 7.in the hope of
Ⅲ.1.It was after many tries that
2.you (should) include articles from more fields
3.As is often the case
● 语言素养提升
Ⅰ.1.upset 2.upsetting 3.woke 4.Woken 5.wore 6.Worn
Ⅱ.1.放松肌肉的 2.务实的,脚踏实地的 3.政府资助的
4.后续的 5.开创性的 6.电池驱动的
Ⅲ.1.①经济拮据的,不宽裕的 ②(时间)紧的
2.①端,尖端 ②给小费 ③指导
3.①舌头 ②语言
4.高于,超过(某一数量)
5.①足迹 ②跑道 ③追踪Unit 4 Everyday economics
●ⅠA
【文章大意】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自身经历,揭示了订阅服务可能导致消费者在不知不觉中花费巨额资金,同时也指出了这种消费模式的便利性和潜在问题。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段“Think of it as an automated trade. Spending without the trouble of spending. Acquisition without action or thought.”可知,作者是在描述后台支出的特征,即它是一种自动化的、不需要思考或行动的消费。故选B项。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第五段“‘Hand over your credit card details and let us take care of the rest,’ these companies promote. But by again singing their name, we’ve become lazy, passive consumers. And this laziness breeds (导致) more laziness because most of us can’t be bothered with conducting regular reviews of our subscription spending. We’re too lazy to even notice or cancel it!”以及第六段“Not a single person surveyed knew what his actual monthly spending was.”可知,是有些人的坏习惯让后台支出成为可能。故选B项。
3.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“It’s understandable why this model is so attractive to businesses. As companies questioned traditional advertising models, subscriptions offered the promise of ‘selling once and earning forever’. And while subscription services have been around for decades (think Wine of the Month Club), more customers have been willing to sign up thanks to the widespread availability of smartphones and the increasing ease of home delivery.”可知,因为订阅模式通过一次销售带来了持续的利润,所以对企业有吸引力。故选D项。
4.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段“While these subscriptions promise ease and happiness, not all of us are satisfied. Last year, the Kearney Consumer Institute found 40 percent of consumers believe they have too many subscriptions. Almost half of us also think we pay too much for streaming video-on-demand subscriptions.”可知,作者对后台支出持批评态度,认为消费者为此付出了太多。故选C项。
B
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一种经济学现象:缩水式通货膨胀,以及其原因和影响。
5.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中“‘Consumers are more likely to notice how their purchases are affecting their wallets than the amount of product lost when sizes decrease,’ says Mark Stiving, the chief pricing educator at Impact Pricing. As a result, companies use shrinkflation to make consumers ‘less painful’.”可知,相比于商品尺寸的减少,消费者更关注价格的波动,因此,缩水式通货膨胀使消费者的花费几乎没有增加,从而使其“不那么痛苦”,故选D。
6.C 段落大意题。根据第三段内容“Yet even as shrinkflation comes with inflation, the problem doesn’t end after inflation does. Once the new sizes are on the shelf, they are likely to stay that way.”可知,本段主要讲述缩水式通货膨胀的后续影响,即产品的尺寸一旦减少,后续可能很难再变回来,故选C。
7.B 推理判断题。根据第四段“For many companies, shrinkflation seems to be unavoidable. In food industry, for example, where customers are highly sensitive to price, lifting prices might make customers jump ship to another brand. But facing the continuous inflation, the companies have to do something to maintain their profits. Introducing small reduction in the size of their goods should enable them to improve profits while keeping their prices competitive. But once customers notice the change, they might feel fooled, leading to a loss of trust and confidence.”可知,作者在本段中提到迫于市场的诸多因素,对许多公司来说缩水式通货膨胀是无法避免的,这可以保证其公司在市场的竞争力。但消费者可能会感觉受到了欺骗,导致信任和信心的丧失。因此,作者对于缩水式通货膨胀的态度是客观的,既指出了其带来的问题,也指出了其对公司的好处,故选B。
8.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Consumers may need to examine both price and size sensibly as they shop, and make sure they don’t fall into the trap of that super size on the shelf.”可知,本段提到消费者在购物时需要明智地考虑价格和尺寸,确保自己不会陷入尺寸陷阱。因此,消费者应该做出明智的决定,故选D。
●Ⅱ【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几个帮助不会理财的人的方法。
1.E 上文“When that person is someone you care about, it’s understandable to want to help them better manage their money.”提到了要帮助你关心的人理财,E选项(然而,仅仅告诉他们要小心理财是无效的。)与上文构成转折关系。故选E项。
2.F 下文“Rather than coming at someone with criticism or lecturing, try having an open conversation to better understand their underlying feelings and perceptions about money so you can determine the best ways to help.”提到了批评或说教不如公开对话,选项F中tough love与下文的 criticism or lecturing呼应,所以F选项(当涉及任何与金钱有关的事情时,严厉的爱很少是正确的。)与下文构成顺承关系。故选F项。
3.D 下文“Write these down and determine what initial steps they can take to start working towards these goals.”提到了目标和步骤,D选项(你们可以一起设定什么具体的目标和时间范围 )能引起下文,与下文构成顺承关系。故选D项。
4.B 下文“Provide tools that help build financial literacy at their own pace. There are plenty of trusty apps that can give your finances a boost. Other resources…”提到了教育资源,所以B选项(共享教育资源。)能概括下文内容,适合用作段首的主题句。故选B项。
5.G 上文“The most constructive thing you can do is help the person build discipline and skills slowly through sympathetic support. At the same time, protect your own peace by setting financial boundaries for yourself. Avoid criticism or control, and focus on boosting confidence along their journey towards good money management.”提到了对不会理财的人的帮助,G选项(有了这些帮助,随着时间的推移,几乎每个人都能更好地管理金钱。)能总结上文内容,同时也是对全文内容的总结。故选G项。
●Ⅲ【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了因为车坏了,黛安娜必须每天徒步5英里上下班。一天,她在加油站发现了一个装有大量美元和婚礼卡片的自封袋,并立即将其交给警察。她的诚实行为得到了回报,人们为她发起了一场筹款活动,筹集了82 000美元,帮助她购买了一辆新的吉普车。
1.C 根据上文“Her broken-down car…”和下文her financial restrictions可知,坏掉且没钱修理的汽车会让黛安娜想到自己的拮据,所以汽车是一件会提醒她自己经济条件不好的物品。故选C项。conflict冲突;stream溪流;reminder提醒物;assistance援助。
2.A 根据上文“For over a year, Dianne’s reality has been a daily 5-mile trek (跋涉) to work and back on foot.”可推知,因为车坏了,黛安娜不得不步行上下班超过一年的时间,不管天气如何,她的日常行程从未改变。故选A项。routine常规,惯例;ambition抱负;temper脾气;service服务。
3.B 根据下文“…it was the missed moments with her daughter and grandchildren, the school events she couldn’t attend, that weighed…on her heart.”可知,她介意的不是每天步行上下班,而是失去了陪伴家人的时间。故选B项。resist抵抗;mind介意;promote促进;start开始。
4.D 根据上文“…the missed moments with her daughter and grandchildren, the school events she couldn’t attend…”可知,黛安娜认为自己错过了与家人在一起的时间,这让她很难过。weigh heavily on one’s heart意为“沉重地压在某人的心上;让某人很难受”。故选D项。initially开始;casually随意地;properly正确地;heavily沉重地。
5.C 根据上文可知,黛安娜经济拮据,没钱修车,结合下文“When the police…they discovered the bag held over $14,000, alongside wedding cards—gifts meant for a newly-married couple.”可知,黛安娜在缺钱的时候捡到一个装了大笔钱的袋子,这对她来说是一个“意外的”机会。故选C项。unnecessary不必要的;unavoidable不可避免的;unexpected意外的;uneventful平淡无奇的。
6.A 根据上文“On a particularly cold day…”可知,天特别冷,所以她去加油站取暖。故选A项。warm up热身,使暖和;show off炫耀;sign up报名;cool down冷静下来。
7.D 根据下文something unusual—a ziplock bag (自封袋) on the ground可知,她看到地上的自封袋。故选D项。arrange安排;complete完成;interrupt打断;spot发现。
8.A 根据下文“…she picked it up…”可知,她感到好奇,所以把袋子捡了起来。故选A项。curiosity好奇心;determination决心;pride骄傲;sympathy同情。
9.D 根据下文“The exact amount was unknown…”可知,她已经知道里面装着钱。故选D项。information信息;food食物;medicine药品;money钱。
10.A 根据上文the thought of keeping it和下文“Dianne approached the gas station cashier, requesting she call the police.”可知,把钱据为己有的想法根本没有在她脑海里出现过;cross one’s mind意为“出现在某人的脑海中,被某人想到”。故选A项。cross掠过,闪过;slip滑倒;clear清除;free释放。
11.C 根据上文“…requesting she call the police.”和下文“…they discovered…”可知,警察到达现场,并确认袋子里的东西。故选C项。approach接近;pass经过;arrive到达;bend弯曲。
12.B 根据上文“Dianne approached the gas station cashier, requesting she call the police.”可知,经济拮据的黛安娜拾金不昧,所以是她的诚实得到了赞赏。故选B项。bravery勇敢;honesty诚实;passion热情;figure数字,人物。
13.C 根据下文“…the wife of the officer who responded to the call started a GoFundMe campaign in Dianne’s honour.”可知,警官的妻子以黛安娜的名义发起筹款活动来帮助黛安娜,说明她被黛安娜的无私行为所感动。故选C项。annoyed恼怒的;surprised惊讶的;touched感动的;overjoyed欣喜若狂的。
14.A 根据上文“The fund-raiser collected $82,000…”和下文the power of collective kindness可知,集体善意的力量如此巨大,82 000美元就是其证明。故选A项。proof证明;secret秘密;assessment评估;challenge挑战。
15.D 根据上文“The fund-raiser collected $82,000…”可知,正是陌生人的慷慨解囊帮助黛安娜拥有新的吉普车。故选D项。recognition认可;lifestyle生活方式;target目标;generosity慷慨。 After graduating from college,Lily was brimming with entrepreneurial spirit. She had always been passionate about beauty 1. cosmetics, so she decided to open her own cosmetic store.
When she told her parents about her decision, they did not interfere with it. Instead, they believed that Lily had the potential 2. (make) it. They even lent a sum of money to her to help her stay afloat. Lily spent countless hours researching the market and seeking 3. (finance) guidance from business consultants. 4. (accumulate) enough investment and input, she started to plan her business.
In the initial phase, she rented a small storefront in a shopping area. Then she reached the manufacturers and 5. (rational) selected a range of products of superior quality but reasonable prices. To attract customers, she offered special promotions and discounts for new purchasers. She also created social media accounts to share beauty tips online. By combining conventional marketing campaigns with technology, Lily’s store was filled with customers, 6. exceeded everyone’s expectations.
As her business 7. (grow), she could not only make ends meet, but also pay off the debts. Thereby, she expanded her store at great expense and hired some part-time freshmen as salespeople. She became an important 8. (distribute) of several famous make-up brands. Her story serves 9. an inspiration to other college graduates who 10. (bite) by the start-up bug to bravely embark on their own enterprising journey.
guidance n.指导;引导;导航
(1)give guidance to sb(=give sb guidance)
给某人指导
under one’s guidance(=under the guidance of…)
在……的指导/指引下
(2)guide v. 给某人领路(或导游);指引;指导
n. 导游;指南,手册
guide sb to… 领某人去……(to为介词)
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
[人教选四U5] In conclusion, career aptitude tests are clearly a very useful tool. However, it is important to remember that they are only meant for (guide).
(2)完成句子
①If you could (给我们一些指导), I’m confident that we can overcome this challenge. (应用文写作之求助信)
② (在一位当地村民的带领下), we finally found the ancient castle.
③Setting aside his meal, he rose to his feet and (把这位老人带到他的座位). (读后续写之动作描写)
consultant n.顾问
consult v. 咨询;请教;商议,磋商;查阅,查询
consult sb about sth 向某人咨询/请教某事
consult (with) sb about/on sth
与某人商议某事
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
[人教选四 U4] She has been working as a volunteer (consult) in Tanzania, Africa.
(2)完成句子
①Thanks for your invitation and we are delighted to accept it. Therefore, I am writing (向你咨询相关安排). (应用文写作之咨询信)
②I’d like to (和你商量一下我们的计划) for the autumn outing.
expense n.费用,花费;开支,花销
(1)at the expense of… 以损害……为代价
at sb’s expense 由某人付钱;由某人负担费用
cut down on one’s expenses 节省开支
cover all/one’s daily expenses 支付所有/某人的日常开支
(2)expensive adj. 昂贵的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①If you lose your ticket, you will have to buy another your own expense.
②[新概念第3册] One day, he walked into an (expense) shop after having been caught in a particularly heavy shower.
(2)完成句子
①[2023·北京卷] It has been proved that people have a bias (偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the moment (以损害……为代价) the health, well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community.
②Dr Smith promised to perform the operation on the little girl’s mum and (支付所有的费用).
(教材P52) Though she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit, she advises that people be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things.
尽管她欢迎这种新的创业精神,但她建议人们要现实一点,在匆忙做事之前先寻求专业顾问的指导。
advise that+从句主语+(should)+动词原形
句型公式
【句式点拨】
本句为主从复合句,句子主干部分she advises后的从句中用“(should)+动词原形”结构,should可省略。表示“建议、命令、要求、忠告”等动词后面的从句均用虚拟语气。常见的动词有:
(1)表示“希望、要求、命令、坚持”: desire, request, demand, require, order, insist。
(2)表示“提议、劝告、建议”: propose, suggest, recommend, advise, urge。
[温馨提示] (1)以上动词变化过来的名词、形容词后的从句中也要采用“(should)+动词原形”结构。
(2)当suggest意为“暗示,表明”,insist意为“坚持说”时,其后的从句要用陈述语气。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Recent research suggests that the drug (be) beneficial to people with heart disease.
②It’s required that the patient (take) good care of.
③He still insisted that her criticism (be) wrong, which made her very angry.
(2)完成句子
I advise our school (组织读书俱乐部), where students can discuss and share their thoughts. (应用文写作之建议信)
(教材P59) As is often the case all over the world with new areas of economic activity, the sharing economy is developing faster than existing regulations or ongoing supervision.
正如世界各地经济活动的新领域的情况一样,共享经济的发展速度过快,而现有的法规或持续的监管还未跟上。
as is often the case通常如此
句型公式
【句式点拨】
as is often the case意为“通常如此”,本结构为as引导的非限制性定语从句,as代指整个主句,意为“正如,正像”,其引导的定语从句是用来补充说明整个主句的,可以放在主句之前或者之后。
【归纳拓展】
as引导非限制性定语从句时常见的结构还有:
as is known to us众所周知
as is reported正如报道的那样
as is expected正如期盼的那样
as is said above综上所述
as is mentioned above正如上文所提到的那样
as often happens正如经常发生的那样
as it turns out结果证明,后来证明
【活学活用】
完成句子
① (通常如此), we found that the solution was very detailed.
② (正如报道的那样), it is more than 100 years since Peking University was founded.
③ (正如上文所提到的那样), the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.
④ (事实证明), I really enjoyed the fieldwork; it was a nice supplement to just sitting and listening to lectures.
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.During the process of delivering IT industry products to the consumer from the original manufacturer, the (distribute) is the main sales model.
2.The university provides (guide) and support for freshmen, helping them quickly adapt to college life.
3.Doing thorough research before making a (finance) investment is crucial to ensure that you make informed decisions.
4.Awkward and (frustrate), we were stuck in this dilemma.
5.With a (sorrow) sigh she folded the letter and put it away.
6.A house is the most (expense) purchase that most people ever make.
7.More specific and less (subject) criteria should be used in selecting people for promotion within the company.
8.I see you’ve applied for the position of sales (consult) in our international sales department.
9.Critical thinkers have the courage to challenge (convention) thinking while most of us tend to follow it blindly.
10.Afraid that I might hurt the lovely small creature, I (automatic) let out a cry to stop my horse.
●Ⅱ 短语填空
1.If you plan your budget carefully, you won’t (陷入债务之中).
2.The medical bills were piling up, and he knew in order to continue to (使收支相抵), he would have to sell his beloved car.
3.He became an outstanding scholar, but only (以损害……为代价) his health.
4.The landlord the flat (出租) through a letting agency.
5.Standing on the sidewalk, I was at a loss (至于) what to do.
6.I (深吸一口气) and stepped onto the stage.
7.Kevin often shares updates about Daniel on social media (希望) recording his life.
●Ⅲ 句型训练
1. they finally succeeded. (强调句)
正是在多次尝试之后,他们最终获得了成功。
2.It’s suggested that and encourage more creativity in writing forms.
建议你们应该包含来自更多领域的文章,并鼓励在写作形式上有更多的创造力。
3. in most martial arts novels, the story is totally an invention of the imagination.
正如大多数武侠小说一样,这个故事完全是靠想象力虚构出来的。
●Ⅰ 动词变形练
1.It (upset) him that nobody bothered to tell him about it.
2.She stood up suddenly, (upset) a glass of wine.
3.When she (wake), the sun was streaming in through the windows.
4. (wake) by the sound of gunshots, he felt frightened.
5.His face (wear) an absent expression, as if he were in deep thought.
6. (wear) out from taking care of her elderly mother, she really needed someone to help her.
●Ⅱ 构词法规则
构词法 合成形容词:指由两个或更多个单词通过连字符(-)或其他方式组合而成的新形容词,用于描述物体、人物或情况的特性
指出下列黑体词的含义
1.[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷] He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief.
2.[2024·新课标Ⅱ卷] It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.
3.[2024·全国甲卷] The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia.
4.[2024·浙江1月考] Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
5.[2024·北京卷] My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired.
6.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader.
●Ⅲ 熟词生义练
指出下列黑体词在句中的不同含义
1.tight
①[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight budget.
②[2021·天津卷] A tight schedule is no excuse for lack of action.
2.tip
①[2022·全国甲卷] And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland.
②She tipped the delivery driver generously for his friendly service.
③The teacher gave us a useful tip on how to solve complex maths problems more efficiently.
3.tongue
①She accidentally bit her tongue while eating, which caused a sharp pain and made her eyes water.
②None of the tribes speak the same tongue.
4.top
[2021·浙江6月考] On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.
5.track
①The only evidence of pandas was their tracks in the snow.
②The runners are now on their final lap of the track.
③The study tracked the careers of 1,226 doctors who trained at the Medical School. Unit 4 Everyday economics
(限时:35分钟)
●Ⅰ 阅读理解
A [2024·山东潍坊高三三模]
文体:夹叙夹议文 主题:人与社会 词数:347
In recent years, much of my life as a consumer has shifted to what I like to call background spending. As I’ve subscribed to more apps and streaming platforms, significant sums of my money tend to slip away each month without my ever thinking about it.
Think of it as an automated trade. Spending without the trouble of spending. Acquisition without action or thought.
But while this flood of subscriptions was sold to me on condition that it would make my life more trouble-free, there was a certain shock I felt upon discovering how much I was spending without realizing each month ($179.45).
You see, the thing about background spending is that it tends to happen, well, in the background without your full attention. And there lies the point.
“Hand over your credit card details and let us take care of the rest,” these companies promote. But by again singing their name, we’ve become lazy, passive consumers. And this laziness breeds (导致) more laziness because most of us can’t be bothered with conducting regular reviews of our subscription spending. We’re too lazy to even notice or cancel it!
I know it’s not just me who is suddenly living life as a smooth-brained subscriber. The average consumer spends $273 per month on subscriptions, according to a 2021 study of 2,500 by digital service firm West Monroe. Not a single person surveyed knew what his actual monthly spending was.
It’s understandable why this model is so attractive to businesses. As companies questioned traditional advertising models, subscriptions offered the promise of “selling once and earning forever”. And while subscription services have been around for decades (think Wine of the Month Club), more customers have been willing to sign up thanks to the widespread availability of smartphones and the increasing ease of home delivery.
While these subscriptions promise ease and happiness, not all of us are satisfied. Last year, the Kearney Consumer Institute found 40 percent of consumers believe they have too many subscriptions. Almost half of us also think we pay too much for streaming video-on-demand subscriptions.
( )1.What can we know about background spending in Paragraph 2
A.Its purpose. B.Its feature.
C.Its procedure. D.Its requirement.
( )2.What makes it possible for background spending to happen
A.Its attractive price.
B.Some people’s poor habit.
C.Its secure service.
D.Some people’s addiction to it.
( )3.Why is the subscription model appealing to businesses
A.It offers good home delivery services.
B.It is like traditional advertising models.
C.It is popular among smartphone producers.
D.It brings repeated profits through a single sale.
( )4.What’s the author’s attitude towards background spending
A.Supportive. B.Doubtful.
C.Critical. D.Unclear.
B [2024·广东高三一模]
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:309
If you’ve noticed you’re getting less while your bill almost stays the same, it’s not just you. “Shrinkflation”—reducing a product’s size or quantity while keeping its price stable—is showing up in shops around the world.
As the global economy struggles with inflation (通货膨胀), rising material costs and higher human costs, consumers are bearing the increasing production prices. “Consumers are more likely to notice how their purchases are affecting their wallets than the amount of product lost when sizes decrease,” says Mark Stiving, the chief pricing educator at Impact Pricing. As a result, companies use shrinkflation to make consumers “less painful”.
Yet even as shrinkflation comes with inflation, the problem doesn’t end after inflation does. Once the new sizes are on the shelf, they are likely to stay that way. “Shoppers don’t have a choice. They have to adapt themselves to the changes,” adds Stiving. There are rare exceptions, but companies generally take the opportunity to get more profits.
For many companies, shrinkflation seems to be unavoidable. In food industry, for example, where customers are highly sensitive to price, lifting prices might make customers jump ship to another brand. But facing the continuous inflation, the companies have to do something to maintain their profits. Introducing small reduction in the size of their goods should enable them to improve profits while keeping their prices competitive. But once customers notice the change, they might feel fooled, leading to a loss of trust and confidence.
Some grocers are using stickers to remind shoppers of shrinkflation, but still, it’s a tough hit to the bottom line—especially because the price of products generally doesn’t fall as inflation does. Consumers may need to examine both price and size sensibly as they shop, and make sure they don’t fall into the trap of that super size on the shelf.
( )5.Why does shrinkflation make consumers “less painful” according to Stiving
A.Shrinkflation reduces human costs.
B.Shrinkflation raises purchasing power.
C.Consumers become more aware of size.
D.Consumers experience little increase in cost.
( )6.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A.The concerns of shoppers.
B.The interests of companies.
C.The impact of shrinkflation.
D.The phenomenon of inflation.
( )7.What is the author’s attitude to shrinkflation in Paragraph 4
A.Favourable. B.Objective.
C.Dismissive. D.Unclear.
( )8.What should consumers do according to the last paragraph
A.Draw a bottom line.
B.Put warning stickers.
C.Choose smaller packs.
D.Make a conscious decision.
●Ⅱ 阅读七选五
[2024·河南TOP名校高三冲刺]
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:263
We all know someone who seems unable to control their spending or make good financial decisions. When that person is someone you care about, it’s understandable to want to help them better manage their money. 1. If you feel a little out of your depth, let’s take a look at some ways to help out a loved one who isn’t great with their money, without making anyone uncomfortable.
Listen without judgement. 2. Rather than coming at someone with criticism or lecturing, try having an open conversation to better understand their underlying feelings and perceptions about money so you can determine the best ways to help.
Help them set financial goals. Ask how they would like their financial situation to be different in an ideal world. 3. Write these down and determine what initial steps they can take to start working towards these goals. Offer to periodically review progress without judgement. Remember that you’re not their financial advisor, but an accountability buddy.
4. Provide tools that help build financial literacy at their own pace. There are plenty of trusty apps that can give your finances a boost. Other resources could include books, articles, budgeting apps, online courses, or even offering to meet with a financial advisor together to discuss developing better money management habits.
The most constructive thing you can do is help the person build discipline and skills slowly through sympathetic support. At the same time, protect your own peace by setting financial boundaries for yourself. Avoid criticism or control, and focus on boosting confidence along their journey towards good money management. 5.
A.Give encouragement.
B.Share educational resources.
C.Why should they take steps to set financial goals
D.What specific goals and time frames can you set together
E.However, simply telling them to manage their money carefully is ineffective.
F.When it comes to anything money-related, tough love is rarely the way to go.
G.With the help, almost anyone can become better at managing money over time.
●Ⅲ 完形填空 [2024·T8联盟高三压轴卷]
文体:记叙文 主题:人与社会 词数:262
For over a year, Dianne’s reality has been a daily 5-mile trek (跋涉) to work and back on foot. Her broken-down car was a constant 1 of her financial restrictions. Regardless of the weather, Dianne’s 2 never changed. She didn’t 3 the walk; it was the missed moments with her daughter and grandchildren, the school events she couldn’t attend, that weighed 4 on her heart. Yet, late January presented her with an 5 opportunity.
On a particularly cold day, Dianne paused at a local gas station to 6 . That was when she 7 something unusual—a ziplock bag (自封袋) on the ground. Full of 8 , she picked it up, immediately realizing it contained 9 . The exact amount was unknown to her, but the thought of keeping it never 10 her mind. Dianne approached the gas station cashier, requesting she call the police. When the police 11 , they discovered the bag held over $14,000, alongside wedding cards—gifts meant for a newly-married couple.
Dianne’s 12 was appreciated, and she thought that was the end of the story. Little did she know her act was about to be rewarded. 13 by Dianne’s actions, the wife of the officer who responded to the call started a GoFundMe campaign in Dianne’s honour. The fund-raiser collected $82,000, a(n) 14 to the power of collective kindness. Thanks to the 15 of strangers, Dianne became the proud owner of a new Jeep Compass. The joy of mobility restored, she eagerly anticipated attending her granddaughter’s gymnastics competition.
( )1.A.conflict B.stream
C.reminder D.assistance
( )2.A.routine B.ambition
C.temper D.service
( )3.A.resist B.mind
C.promote D.start
( )4.A.initially B.casually
C.properly D.heavily
( )5.A.unnecessary B.unavoidable
C.unexpected D.uneventful
( )6.A.warm up B.show off
C.sign up D.cool down
( )7.A.arranged B.completed
C.interrupted D.spotted
( )8.A.curiosity B.determination
C.pride D.sympathy
( )9.A.information B.food
C.medicine D.money
( )10.A.crossed B.slipped
C.cleared D.freed
( )11.A.approached B.passed
C.arrived D.bent
( )12.A.bravery B.honesty
C.passion D.figure
( )13.A.Annoyed B.Surprised
C.Touched D.Overjoyed
( )14.A.proof B.secret
C.assessment D.challenge
( )15.A.recognition B.lifestyle
C.target D.generosity
A.词汇积累
1.subscribe to订阅;同意;赞成;定期捐款
2.understandable adj.可以理解的;易懂的
3.availability n.可利用性;可利用;可用性
4.sensibly adv.明智地
5.periodically adv.定期地
6.accountability n.责任,责任心
B.熟词生义
bear v.承受,忍受;携带,带有;心怀 n.熊
As the global economy struggles with inflation (通货膨胀), rising material costs and higher human costs, consumers are bearing the increasing production prices.(阅读B,Para.2)
【译文】 随着世界经济陷入通货膨胀, 原材料价格上涨, 人力成本上升,消费者承受着产品价格的不断上涨。
C.长难句分析
But while this flood of subscriptions was sold to me on
condition that it would make my life more trouble-free, there was a certain shock I felt upon discovering how much I was spending without realizing each month ($179.45).(阅读A,Para.3)
【分析】 while引导让步状语从句,从句中包含on condition that…(条件是,在……条件下)引导的条件状语从句;主句是there be结构;I felt是定语从句,修饰先行词a certain shock; upon discovering how much I was spending without realizing each month ($179.45)是upon doing…结构,用作状语,意为“一……就……”。
【译文】 但是,虽然这些大量的订阅服务是以会让我的生活更加无忧无虑为条件卖给我的,但当我发现自己每个月在不知不觉中花了这么多钱(179.45 美元)时,我还是感到了一定的震惊。(共95张PPT)
Unit 4 Everyday economics
语境词汇串记
考点互动探究
当堂过关检测
语言素养提升
作业手册
答案速查【听】
答案速查【作】
After graduating from college,Lily was brimming with
entrepreneurial spirit. She had always been passionate about
beauty 1._____ cosmetics, so she decided to open her own
cosmetic store.
When she told her parents about her decision, they did not
interfere with it. Instead, they believed that Lily had the
potential 2._________(make) it. They even lent a sum of money
to her to help her stay afloat. Lily spent countless hours
researching the market and seeking 3._________(finance)
and
to make
financial
guidance from business consultants. 4.____________________
(accumulate) enough investment and input, she started to plan
her business.
In the initial phase, she rented a small storefront in a
shopping area. Then she reached the manufacturers and
5.__________(rational) selected a range of products of superior
quality but reasonable prices. To attract customers, she offered
special promotions and discounts for new purchasers. She also
created social media accounts to share beauty tips online.
Having accumulated
rationally
By combining conventional marketing campaigns with technology,
Lily's store was filled with customers, 6._______ exceeded
everyone's expectations.
As her business 7.______(grow), she could not only make
ends meet, but also pay off the debts. Thereby, she expanded
her store at great expense and hired some part-time freshmen
as salespeople. She became an important
8.___________(distribute) of several famous make-up brands.
Her story serves 9.____ an inspiration to other college graduates
who 10.__________(bite) by the start-up bug to bravely embark
on their own enterprising journey.
which
grew
distributor
as
are bitten
1 guidance n.指导;引导;导航
(1)give guidance to sb(=give sb guidance)
给某人指导
under one's guidance(=under the guidance of…)
在……的指导/指引下
(2)guide v. 给某人领路(或导游);指引;指导
n. 导游;指南,手册
guide sb to… 领某人去……(to为介词)
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
［人教选四U5］ In conclusion, career aptitude tests are clearly a
very useful tool. However, it is important to remember that they
are only meant for __________(guide).
guidance
(2)完成句子
①If you could _____________________________________________
__(给我们一些指导), I'm confident that we can overcome this
challenge. (应用文写作之求助信)
give us some guidance/give some guidance to us
②_________________________________________________________
__________(在一位当地村民的带领下), we finally found the
ancient castle.
Under the guidance of a local villager/Under a local villager's guidance
③Setting aside his meal, he rose to his feet and _____________
______________________(把这位老人带到他的座位). (读后续写之动
作描写)
guided the elderly man to his seat
2 consultant n.顾问
consult v. 咨询;请教;商议,磋商;查阅,查询
consult sb about sth 向某人咨询/请教某事
consult (with) sb about/on sth
与某人商议某事
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
［人教选四 U4］ She has been working as a volunteer
___________(consult) in Tanzania, Africa.
consultant
(2)完成句子
①Thanks for your invitation and we are delighted to accept it.
Therefore, I am writing _____________________________________
____________(向你咨询相关安排). (应用文写作之咨询信)
to consult you about the relevant arrangements
②I'd like to ___________________________________(和你商量一下
我们的计划) for the autumn outing.
consult (with) you about/on our plan
3 expense n.费用,花费;开支,花销
(1)at the expense of… 以损害……为代价
at sb's expense 由某人付钱;由某人负担费用
cut down on one's expenses 节省开支
cover all/one's daily expenses 支付所有/某人的日常开支
(2)expensive adj. 昂贵的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①If you lose your ticket, you will have to buy another ___ your
own expense.
at
②［新概念第3册］ One day, he walked into an
__________(expense) shop after having been caught in a
particularly heavy shower.
expensive
(2)完成句子
①[2023·北京卷] It has been proved that people have a bias
(偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the
moment __________________(以损害……为代价) the health, well-
being and financial stability of their future selves or community.
at the expense of
②Dr Smith promised to perform the operation on the little girl's
mum and __________________(支付所有的费用).
cover all expenses
1(教材P52) Though she welcomes the new entrepreneurial
spirit, she advises that people be realistic and seek guidance
from expert consultants before rushing into things.
尽管她欢迎这种新的创业精神,但她建议人们要现实一点,在匆忙做事
之前先寻求专业顾问的指导。
句型公式
advise that+从句主语+(should)+动词原形
【句式点拨】
本句为主从复合句,句子主干部分she advises后的从句中用
“(should)+动词原形”结构,should可省略。表示“建议、命令、要求、
忠告”等动词后面的从句均用虚拟语气。常见的动词有:
(1)表示“希望、要求、命令、坚持”: desire, request, demand,
require, order, insist。
(2)表示“提议、劝告、建议”: propose, suggest, recommend, advise,
urge。
［温馨提示］ (1)以上动词变化过来的名词、形容词后的从句中也要
采用“(should)+动词原形”结构。
(2)当suggest意为“暗示,表明”,insist意为“坚持说”时,其后的从句要用陈
述语气。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Recent research suggests that the drug ___(be) beneficial to
people with heart disease.
②It's required that the patient __________________(take) good
care of.
③He still insisted that her criticism _____(be) wrong, which
made her very angry.
is
(should) be taken
was
(2)完成句子
I advise our school ______________________________(组织读书俱
乐部), where students can discuss and share their thoughts.
(应用文写作之建议信)
(should) organize reading clubs
2(教材P59) As is often the case all over the world with new
areas of economic activity, the sharing economy is
developing faster than existing regulations or ongoing
supervision.
正如世界各地经济活动的新领域的情况一样,共享经济的发展速度过
快,而现有的法规或持续的监管还未跟上。
句型公式
as is often the case通常如此
【句式点拨】
as is often the case意为“通常如此”,本结构为as引导的非限制性定
语从句,as代指整个主句,意为“正如,正像”,其引导的定语从句是用来补
充说明整个主句的,可以放在主句之前或者之后。
【归纳拓展】
as引导非限制性定语从句时常见的结构还有:
as is known to us众所周知
as is reported正如报道的那样
as is expected正如期盼的那样
as is said above综上所述
as is mentioned above正如上文所提到的那样
as often happens正如经常发生的那样
as it turns out结果证明,后来证明
【活学活用】
完成句子
①____________________(通常如此), we found that the solution
was very detailed.
②_______________(正如报道的那样), it is more than 100 years
since Peking University was founded.
As is often the case
As is reported
③_______________________(正如上文所提到的那样), the number
of the students in senior high schools is increasing.
④________________(事实证明), I really enjoyed the fieldwork; it
was a nice supplement to just sitting and listening to lectures.
As is mentioned above
As it turned out
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.During the process of delivering IT industry products to the
consumer from the original manufacturer, the
___________(distribute) is the main sales model.
distribution
2.The university provides __________(guide) and support for
freshmen, helping them quickly adapt to college life.
guidance
3.Doing thorough research before making a _________(finance)
investment is crucial to ensure that you make informed
decisions.
financial
4.Awkward and __________(frustrate), we were stuck in this
dilemma.
5.With a __________(sorrow) sigh she folded the letter and put
it away.
6.A house is the most __________(expense) purchase that most
people ever make.
7.More specific and less __________(subject) criteria should be
used in selecting people for promotion within the company.
frustrated
sorrowful
expensive
subjective
8.I see you've applied for the position of sales
___________(consult) in our international sales department.
consultant
9.Critical thinkers have the courage to challenge
_____________(convention) thinking while most of us tend to
follow it blindly.
conventional
10.Afraid that I might hurt the lovely small creature, I
_____________(automatic) let out a cry to stop my horse.
automatically
Ⅱ 短语填空
1.If you plan your budget carefully, you won't ________________
____(陷入债务之中).
go/get into debt
2.The medical bills were piling up, and he knew in order to
continue to _________________(使收支相抵), he would have to
sell his beloved car.
make ends meet
3.He became an outstanding scholar, but only _______________
___(以损害……为代价) his health.
at the expense of
4.The landlord ______ the flat _____(出租) through a letting
agency.
5.Standing on the sidewalk, I was at a loss _______(至于) what
to do.
6.I ____________________(深吸一口气) and stepped onto the
stage.
7.Kevin often shares updates about Daniel on social media
________________(希望) recording his life.
rents
out
as to
took a deep breath
in the hope of
Ⅲ 句型训练
1.___________________________ they finally succeeded. (强调句)
正是在多次尝试之后,他们最终获得了成功。
It was after many tries that
2.It's suggested that ________________________________________
_____ and encourage more creativity in writing forms.
建议你们应该包含来自更多领域的文章，并鼓励在写作形式上有更
多的创造力。
you (should) include articles from more fields
3.____________________ in most martial arts novels, the story is
totally an invention of the imagination.
正如大多数武侠小说一样,这个故事完全是靠想象力虚构出来的。
As is often the case
Ⅰ 动词变形练
1.It ______(upset) him that nobody bothered to tell him about it.
2.She stood up suddenly, __________(upset) a glass of wine.
3.When she ______(wake), the sun was streaming in through the
windows.
4.________(wake) by the sound of gunshots, he felt frightened.
upset
upsetting
woke
Woken
5.His face ______(wear) an absent expression, as if he were in
deep thought.
6.______(wear) out from taking care of her elderly mother, she
really needed someone to help her.
wore
Worn
Ⅱ 构词法规则
构词法 合成形容词:指由两个或更多个单词通过连字符(-)或其他方式组
合而成的新形容词，用于描述物体、人物或情况的特性
指出下列黑体词的含义
1.［2024·新课标Ⅰ卷］ He became interested in alternative
treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back
pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief.
____________
放松肌肉的
2.［2024·新课标Ⅱ卷］ It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.
____________________
务实的，脚踏实地的
3.[2024·全国甲卷] The Saint Lukas is one of five government-
sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central
and eastern Russia. ____________
政府资助的
4.[2024·浙江1月考] Follow-up studies with the children later in
life showed a connection between an ability to wait long
enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
________
后续的
5.[2024·北京卷] My adviser saw this experience as a
groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I
acquired. __________
开创性的
6.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] From a 21st-century point of view, the
printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as
any battery-powered e-reader. ____________
电池驱动的
Ⅲ 熟词生义练
指出下列黑体词在句中的不同含义
1.tight
①[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] They had to move to Virginia but they
were on a very tight budget.____________________
②[2021·天津卷] A tight schedule is no excuse for lack of action.
___________
经济拮据的,不宽裕的
(时间)紧的
2.tip
①[2022·全国甲卷] And it was in Chile she discovered she could
get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from
the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the
South American mainland. ________
端,尖端
②She tipped the delivery driver generously for his friendly
service. ________
③The teacher gave us a useful tip on how to solve complex
maths problems more efficiently. ______
给小费
指导
3.tongue
①She accidentally bit her tongue while eating, which caused a
sharp pain and made her eyes water. ______
②None of the tribes speak the same tongue.______
舌头
语言
4.top
[2021·浙江6月考] On August 5, the number of postcards
exchanged by members topped 31 million. ___________________
高于,超过(某一数量)
5.track
①The only evidence of pandas was their tracks in the snow.
______
②The runners are now on their final lap of the track. ______
③The study tracked the careers of 1,226 doctors who trained
at the Medical School. ______
足迹
跑道
追踪
作 业 手 册
(限时：35分钟)
Ⅰ 阅读理解
A[2024·山东潍坊高三三模]
文体：夹叙夹议文 主题：人与社会 词数：347
In recent years, much of my life as a consumer has shifted
to what I like to call background spending. As I've subscribed
to more apps and streaming platforms, significant sums of my
money tend to slip away each month without my ever thinking
about it.
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Think of it as an automated trade. Spending without the
trouble of spending. Acquisition without action or thought.
But while this flood of subscriptions was sold to me on
condition that it would make my life more trouble-free, there
was a certain shock I felt upon discovering how much I was
spending without realizing each month ($179.45).
You see, the thing about background spending is that it
tends to happen, well, in the background without your full
attention. And there lies the point.
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“Hand over your credit card details and let us take care of
the rest,” these companies promote. But by again singing their
name, we've become lazy, passive consumers. And this laziness
breeds (导致) more laziness because most of us can't be
bothered with conducting regular reviews of our subscription
spending. We're too lazy to even notice or cancel it!
I know it's not just me who is suddenly living life as a
smooth-brained subscriber. The average consumer spends $273
per month on subscriptions, according to a 2021 study of 2,500
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by digital service firm West Monroe. Not a single person
surveyed knew what his actual monthly spending was.
It's understandable why this model is so attractive to
businesses. As companies questioned traditional advertising
models, subscriptions offered the promise of “selling once and
earning forever”. And while subscription services have been
around for decades (think Wine of the Month Club), more
customers have been willing to sign up thanks to the
widespread availability of smartphones and the increasing ease
of home delivery.
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While these subscriptions promise ease and happiness, not
all of us are satisfied. Last year, the Kearney Consumer Institute
found 40 percent of consumers believe they have too many
subscriptions. Almost half of us also think we pay too much for
streaming video-on-demand subscriptions.
【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自身经历，揭示了
订阅服务可能导致消费者在不知不觉中花费巨额资金，同时也指出
了这种消费模式的便利性和潜在问题。
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( )1.What can we know about background spending in
Paragraph 2
A.Its purpose. B.Its feature.
C.Its procedure. D.Its requirement.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段“Think of it as an automated
trade. Spending without the trouble of spending. Acquisition
without action or thought.”可知，作者是在描述后台支出的特征，
即它是一种自动化的、不需要思考或行动的消费。故选B项。
√
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( )2.What makes it possible for background spending to
happen
A.Its attractive price.
B.Some people's poor habit.
C.Its secure service.
D.Some people's addiction to it.
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[解析] 细节理解题。根据第五段“‘Hand over your credit card
details and let us take care of the rest,’ these companies
promote. But by again singing their name, we've become lazy,
passive consumers. And this laziness breeds (导致) more laziness
because most of us can't be bothered with conducting regular
reviews of our subscription spending. We're too lazy to even
notice or cancel it!”以及第六段“Not a single person surveyed
knew what his actual monthly spending was.”可知，是有些人的坏
习惯让后台支出成为可能。故选B项。
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( )3.Why is the subscription model appealing to businesses
A.It offers good home delivery services.
B.It is like traditional advertising models.
C.It is popular among smartphone producers.
D.It brings repeated profits through a single sale.
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[解析] 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“It's understandable why this
model is so attractive to businesses. As companies questioned
traditional advertising models, subscriptions offered the promise
of ‘selling once and earning forever’. And while subscription
services have been around for decades (think Wine of the
Month Club), more customers have been willing to sign up
thanks to the widespread availability of smartphones and the
increasing ease of home delivery.”可知，因为订阅模式通过一次销
售带来了持续的利润，所以对企业有吸引力。故选D项。
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( )4.What's the author's attitude towards background
spending
A.Supportive. B.Doubtful. C.Critical. D.Unclear.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据最后一段“While these subscriptions
promise ease and happiness, not all of us are satisfied. Last
year, the Kearney Consumer Institute found 40 percent of
consumers believe they have too many subscriptions. Almost half
of us also think we pay too much for streaming video-on-
demand subscriptions.”可知，作者对后台支出持批评态度，认为消
费者为此付出了太多。故选C项。
√
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B[2024·广东高三一模]
文体：说明文 主题：人与社会 词数：309
If you've noticed you're getting less while your bill almost
stays the same, it's not just you. “Shrinkflation”—reducing a
product's size or quantity while keeping its price stable—is
showing up in shops around the world.
As the global economy struggles with inflation (通货膨胀),
rising material costs and higher human costs, consumers are
bearing the increasing production prices.
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“Consumers are more likely to notice how their purchases are
affecting their wallets than the amount of product lost when
sizes decrease,” says Mark Stiving, the chief pricing educator at
Impact Pricing. As a result, companies use shrinkflation to make
consumers “less painful”.
Yet even as shrinkflation comes with inflation, the problem
doesn't end after inflation does. Once the new sizes are on the
shelf, they are likely to stay that way. “Shoppers don't have a
choice. They have to adapt themselves to the changes,” adds
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Stiving. There are rare exceptions, but companies generally take
the opportunity to get more profits.
For many companies, shrinkflation seems to be unavoidable.
In food industry, for example, where customers are highly
sensitive to price, lifting prices might make customers jump ship
to another brand. But facing the continuous inflation, the
companies have to do something to maintain their profits.
Introducing small reduction in the size of their goods should
enable them to improve profits while keeping their prices
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competitive. But once customers notice the change, they might
feel fooled, leading to a loss of trust and confidence.
Some grocers are using stickers to remind shoppers of
shrinkflation, but still, it's a tough hit to the bottom line—
especially because the price of products generally doesn't fall as
inflation does. Consumers may need to examine both price and
size sensibly as they shop, and make sure they don't fall into
the trap of that super size on the shelf.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一种经济学现象：
缩水式通货膨胀，以及其原因和影响。
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( )5.Why does shrinkflation make consumers “less painful”
according to Stiving
A.Shrinkflation reduces human costs.
B.Shrinkflation raises purchasing power.
C.Consumers become more aware of size.
D.Consumers experience little increase in cost.
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[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段中“‘Consumers are more likely to
notice how their purchases are affecting their wallets than the
amount of product lost when sizes decrease,’ says Mark Stiving,
the chief pricing educator at Impact Pricing. As a result,
companies use shrinkflation to make consumers ‘less painful’.”可
知，相比于商品尺寸的减少，消费者更关注价格的波动，因此，缩
水式通货膨胀使消费者的花费几乎没有增加，从而使其“不那么痛苦”，
故选D。
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( )6.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A.The concerns of shoppers.
B.The interests of companies.
C.The impact of shrinkflation.
D.The phenomenon of inflation.
[解析] 段落大意题。根据第三段内容“Yet even as shrinkflation
comes with inflation, the problem doesn't end after inflation
does. Once the new sizes are on the shelf, they are likely to
stay that way.”可知，本段主要讲述缩水式通货膨胀的后续影响，即
产品的尺寸一旦减少，后续可能很难再变回来，故选C。
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( )7.What is the author's attitude to shrinkflation in
Paragraph 4
A.Favourable. B.Objective. C.Dismissive. D.Unclear.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第四段“For many companies,
shrinkflation seems to be unavoidable. In food industry, for
example, where customers are highly sensitive to price, lifting
prices might make customers jump ship to another brand. But
facing the continuous inflation, the companies have to do
something to maintain their profits.
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Introducing small reduction in the size of their goods should
enable them to improve profits while keeping their prices
competitive. But once customers notice the change, they might
feel fooled, leading to a loss of trust and confidence.”可知，作
者在本段中提到迫于市场的诸多因素，对许多公司来说缩水式通货
膨胀是无法避免的，这可以保证其公司在市场的竞争力。但消费者
可能会感觉受到了欺骗，导致信任和信心的丧失。因此，作者对于
缩水式通货膨胀的态度是客观的，既指出了其带来的问题，也指出
了其对公司的好处，故选B。
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( )8.What should consumers do according to the last
paragraph
A.Draw a bottom line. B.Put warning stickers.
C.Choose smaller packs. D.Make a conscious decision.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Consumers may need to
examine both price and size sensibly as they shop, and make
sure they don't fall into the trap of that super size on the shelf.”
可知，本段提到消费者在购物时需要明智地考虑价格和尺寸，确保
自己不会陷入尺寸陷阱。因此，消费者应该做出明智的决定，故选D。
√
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Ⅱ 阅读七选五
[2024·河南TOP名校高三冲刺]
文体：说明文 主题：人与社会 词数：263
We all know someone who seems unable to control their
spending or make good financial decisions. When that person is
someone you care about, it's understandable to want to help
them better manage their money. 1.___ If you feel a little out
of your depth, let's take a look at some ways to help out a
loved one who isn't great with their money, without making
anyone uncomfortable.
E
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Listen without judgement. 2.___ Rather than coming at
someone with criticism or lecturing, try having an open
conversation to better understand their underlying feelings and
perceptions about money so you can determine the best ways
to help.
Help them set financial goals. Ask how they would like their
financial situation to be different in an ideal world. 3.___ Write
these down and determine what initial steps they can take to
start working towards these goals.
F
D
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Offer to periodically review progress without judgement.
Remember that you're not their financial advisor, but an
accountability buddy.
4.___ Provide tools that help build financial literacy at their
own pace. There are plenty of trusty apps that can give your
finances a boost. Other resources could include books, articles,
budgeting apps, online courses, or even offering to meet with a
financial advisor together to discuss developing better money
management habits.
B
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The most constructive thing you can do is help the person
build discipline and skills slowly through sympathetic support. At
the same time, protect your own peace by setting financial
boundaries for yourself. Avoid criticism or control, and focus on
boosting confidence along their journey towards good money
management. 5.___
A.Give encouragement.
B.Share educational resources.
C.Why should they take steps to set financial goals
G
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D.What specific goals and time frames can you set together
E.However, simply telling them to manage their money carefully
is ineffective.
F.When it comes to anything money-related, tough love is rarely
the way to go.
G.With the help, almost anyone can become better at managing
money over time.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几个帮助不会理
财的人的方法。
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1.___
E
[解析] 上文“When that person is someone you care about, it's
understandable to want to help them better manage their
money.”提到了要帮助你关心的人理财，E选项(然而，仅仅告诉他们
要小心理财是无效的。)与上文构成转折关系。故选E项。
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2.___
F
[解析] 下文“Rather than coming at someone with criticism or
lecturing, try having an open conversation to better understand
their underlying feelings and perceptions about money so you
can determine the best ways to help.”提到了批评或说教不如公开
对话，选项F中tough love与下文的 criticism or lecturing呼应，所
以F选项(当涉及任何与金钱有关的事情时，严厉的爱很少是正确
的。)与下文构成顺承关系。故选F项。
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3.___
D
[解析] 下文“Write these down and determine what initial steps
they can take to start working towards these goals.”提到了目标
和步骤，D选项(你们可以一起设定什么具体的目标和时间范围 )能引
起下文，与下文构成顺承关系。故选D项。
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4.___
B
[解析] 下文“Provide tools that help build financial literacy at
their own pace. There are plenty of trusty apps that can give
your finances a boost. Other resources…”提到了教育资源，所以B
选项(共享教育资源。)能概括下文内容，适合用作段首的主题句。故
选B项。
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5.___
G
[解析] 上文“The most constructive thing you can do is help the
person build discipline and skills slowly through sympathetic
support. At the same time, protect your own peace by setting
financial boundaries for yourself. Avoid criticism or control, and
focus on boosting confidence along their journey towards good
money management.”提到了对不会理财的人的帮助，G选项
(有了这些帮助，随着时间的推移，几乎每个人都能更好地管理金
钱。)能总结上文内容，同时也是对全文内容的总结。故选G项。
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Ⅲ 完形填空［2024·T8联盟高三压轴卷］
文体：记叙文 主题：人与社会 词数：262
For over a year, Dianne's reality has been a daily 5-mile
trek (跋涉) to work and back on foot. Her broken-down car
was a constant . .1. . of her financial restrictions. Regardless of
the weather, Dianne's . .2. . never changed. She didn't . .3. . the
walk; it was the missed moments with her daughter and
grandchildren, the school events she couldn't attend, that
weighed . .4. . on her heart. Yet, late January presented her with
an . .5. . opportunity.
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On a particularly cold day, Dianne paused at a local gas
station to . .6. .. That was when she . .7. . something unusual—a
ziplock bag (自封袋) on the ground. Full of . .8. ., she picked it
up, immediately realizing it contained . .9. .. The exact amount
was unknown to her, but the thought of keeping it never . .10. .
her mind. Dianne approached the gas station cashier, requesting
she call the police. When the police . .11. ., they discovered the
bag held over $14,000, alongside wedding cards—gifts meant
for a newly-married couple.
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Dianne's . .12. . was appreciated, and she thought that was
the end of the story. Little did she know her act was about to
be rewarded. . .13. . by Dianne's actions, the wife of the officer
who responded to the call started a GoFundMe campaign in
Dianne's honour. The fund-raiser collected $82,000, a(n) . .14. . to
the power of collective kindness. Thanks to the . .15. . of
strangers, Dianne became the proud owner of a new Jeep
Compass. The joy of mobility restored, she eagerly anticipated
attending her granddaughter's gymnastics competition.
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【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了因为车坏了，黛安娜
必须每天徒步5英里上下班。一天，她在加油站发现了一个装有大量
美元和婚礼卡片的自封袋，并立即将其交给警察。她的诚实行为得
到了回报，人们为她发起了一场筹款活动，筹集了82 000美元，帮
助她购买了一辆新的吉普车。
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( )1.A.conflict B.stream C.reminder D.assistance
[解析] 根据上文“Her broken-down car…”和下文her financial
restrictions可知，坏掉且没钱修理的汽车会让黛安娜想到自己的拮据，
所以汽车是一件会提醒她自己经济条件不好的物品。故选C项。
conflict冲突；stream溪流；reminder提醒物；assistance援助。
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( )2.A.routine B.ambition C.temper D.service
[解析] 根据上文“For over a year, Dianne's reality has been a
daily 5-mile trek (跋涉) to work and back on foot.”可推知，因为
车坏了，黛安娜不得不步行上下班超过一年的时间，不管天气如何，
她的日常行程从未改变。故选A项。routine常规，惯例；ambition抱
负；temper脾气；service服务。
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( )3.A.resist B.mind C.promote D.start
[解析] 根据下文“…it was the missed moments with her daughter
and grandchildren, the school events she couldn't attend, that
weighed…on her heart.”可知，她介意的不是每天步行上下班，而是
失去了陪伴家人的时间。故选B项。resist抵抗；mind介意；promote
促进；start开始。
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( )4.A.initially B.casually C.properly D.heavily
[解析] 根据上文“…the missed moments with her daughter and
grandchildren, the school events she couldn't attend…”可知，黛
安娜认为自己错过了与家人在一起的时间，这让她很难过。weigh
heavily on one's heart意为“沉重地压在某人的心上；让某人很难
受”。故选D项。initially开始；casually随意地；properly正确地；
heavily沉重地。
√
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( )5.A.unnecessary B.unavoidable
C.unexpected D.uneventful
[解析] 根据上文可知，黛安娜经济拮据，没钱修车，结合下文
“When the police…they discovered the bag held over $14,000,
alongside wedding cards—gifts meant for a newly-married
couple.”可知，黛安娜在缺钱的时候捡到一个装了大笔钱的袋子，这
对她来说是一个“意外的”机会。故选C项。unnecessary不必要的；
unavoidable不可避免的；unexpected意外的；uneventful平淡无奇的。
√
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( )6.A.warm up B.show off C.sign up D.cool down
[解析] 根据上文“On a particularly cold day…”可知，天特别冷，所
以她去加油站取暖。故选A项。warm up热身，使暖和；show off炫
耀；sign up报名；cool down冷静下来。
( )7.A.arranged B.completed
C.interrupted D.spotted
[解析] 根据下文something unusual—a ziplock bag (自封袋) on
the ground可知，她看到地上的自封袋。故选D项。arrange安排；
complete完成；interrupt打断；spot发现。
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( )8.A.curiosity B.determination
C.pride D.sympathy
[解析] 根据下文“…she picked it up…”可知，她感到好奇，所以把
袋子捡了起来。故选A项。curiosity好奇心；determination决心；
pride骄傲；sympathy同情。
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( )9.A.information B.food C.medicine D.money
[解析] 根据下文“The exact amount was unknown…”可知，她已经
知道里面装着钱。故选D项。information信息；food食物；medicine
药品；money钱。
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( )10.A.crossed B.slipped C.cleared D.freed
[解析] 根据上文the thought of keeping it和下文“Dianne
approached the gas station cashier, requesting she call the
police.”可知，把钱据为己有的想法根本没有在她脑海里出现过；
cross one's mind意为“出现在某人的脑海中，被某人想到”。故选A
项。cross掠过，闪过；slip滑倒；clear清除；free释放。
√
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( )11.A.approached B.passed C.arrived D.bent
[解析] 根据上文“…requesting she call the police.”和下文“…they
discovered…”可知，警察到达现场，并确认袋子里的东西。故选C项。
approach接近；pass经过；arrive到达；bend弯曲。
( )12.A.bravery B.honesty C.passion D.figure
[解析] 根据上文“Dianne approached the gas station cashier,
requesting she call the police.”可知，经济拮据的黛安娜拾金不昧，
所以是她的诚实得到了赞赏。故选B项。bravery勇敢；honesty诚实；
passion热情；figure数字，人物。
√
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( )13.A.Annoyed B.Surprised C.Touched D.Overjoyed
[解析] 根据下文“…the wife of the officer who responded to the
call started a GoFundMe campaign in Dianne's honour.”可知，警
官的妻子以黛安娜的名义发起筹款活动来帮助黛安娜，说明她被黛
安娜的无私行为所感动。故选C项。annoyed恼怒的；surprised惊讶
的；touched感动的；overjoyed欣喜若狂的。
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( )14.A.proof B.secret C.assessment D.challenge
[解析] 根据上文“The fund-raiser collected $82,000…”和下文the
power of collective kindness可知，集体善意的力量如此巨大，
82 000美元就是其证明。故选A项。proof证明；secret秘密；
assessment评估；challenge挑战。
( )15.A.recognition B.lifestyle C.target D.generosity
[解析] 根据上文“The fund-raiser collected $82,000…”可知，正是陌
生人的慷慨解囊帮助黛安娜拥有新的吉普车。故选D项。recognition
认可；lifestyle生活方式；target目标；generosity慷慨。
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A.词汇积累
1.subscribe to订阅；同意；赞成；定期捐款
2.understandable adj.可以理解的；易懂的
3.availability n.可利用性；可利用；可用性
4.sensibly adv.明智地
5.periodically adv.定期地
6.accountability n.责任，责任心
B.熟词生义
bear v.承受，忍受；携带，带有；心怀 n.熊
As the global economy struggles with inflation (通货膨胀), rising
material costs and higher human costs, consumers are bearing
the increasing production prices.(阅读B,Para.2)
【译文】随着世界经济陷入通货膨胀, 原材料价格上涨, 人力成本上
升，消费者承受着产品价格的不断上涨。
C.长难句分析
But while this flood of subscriptions was sold to me on
condition that it would make my life more trouble-free, there
was a certain shock I felt upon discovering how much I was
spending without realizing each month ($179.45).(阅读A,Para.3)
【分析】while引导让步状语从句，从句中包含on condition
that…(条件是，在……条件下)引导的条件状语从句；主句是there
be结构；I felt是定语从句，修饰先行词a certain shock； upon
discovering how much I was spending without realizing each
month ($179.45)是upon doing…结构，用作状语，意为“一……
就……”。
【译文】但是，虽然这些大量的订阅服务是以会让我的生活更加无
忧无虑为条件卖给我的，但当我发现自己每个月在不知不觉中花了
这么多钱(179.45 美元)时，我还是感到了一定的震惊。
快速核答案
高中英语 选择性必修第四册
Unit 4 Everyday economics
听课手册
●语境词汇串记
1.and 2.to make 3.financial 4.Having accumulated
5.rationally 6.which 7.grew 8.distributor 9.as
10.are bitten
●考点互动探究
单词点睛
1.（1）guidance （2）①give us some guidance/give some
guidance to us ②Under the guidance of a local
villager/Under a local villager's guidance
③guided the elderly man to his seat
2.（1）consultant （2）①to consult you about the relevant
arrangements ②consult （with） you about/on our plan
3.（1）①at ②expensive （2）①at the expense of
②cover all expenses
句型透视
1.（1）①is ②（should） be taken ③was （2）（should）
organize reading clubs
2.①As is often the case ②As is reported ③As is mentioned
above ④As it turned out
●当堂过关检测
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.distribution 2.guidance 3.financial 4.frustrated
5.sorrowful 6.expensive 7.subjective 8.consultant
9. conventional 10.automatically
Ⅱ 短语填空
1.go/get into debt 2.make ends meet 3.at the expense of
4.rents;out 5.as to 6.took a deep breath 7.in the hope of
Ⅲ 句型训练
1.It was after many tries that 2.you （should） include
articles from more fields 3.As is often the case
●语言素养提升
Ⅰ 动词变形练
1.upset 2.upsetting 3.woke 4.Woken 5.wore 6.Worn
Ⅱ 构词法规则
1.放松肌肉的 2.务实的，脚踏实地的 3.政府资助的 4.后续
的 5.开创性的 6.电池驱动的
Ⅲ 熟词生义练
1.①经济拮据的,不宽裕的 ②（时间）紧的 2.①端,尖端 ②给小费
③指导 3.①舌头 ②语言 4.高于,超过（某一数量）
5.①足迹 ②跑道 ③追踪
作业手册
Ⅰ 阅读理解
1.B 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.D
Ⅱ 阅读七选五
1.E 2.F 3.D 4.B 5.G
Ⅲ 完形填空
1.C 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.A 9.D 10.A 11.C
12.B 13.C 14.A 15.D
