第1讲 动词的时态和语态
● 高考链接
1.jogged 考查动词时态。句中and连接并列句,空处作后句谓语,根据句中went可知,此处描述过去发生的事,句子使用一般过去时,动词使用过去式形式jogged。故填jogged。
2.be employed 考查动词语态。分析句子结构可知,从句缺少谓语动词,所以空处为从句的谓语,从句主语a simple literary form与employ之间为被动关系,且情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。
3.were permitted 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空格处在句中作谓语,和主语citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系,用被动语态,再根据in the Ming Dynasty可知,此处是对过去事实的陈述,应用一般过去时。主语为复数,助动词用were。故填were permitted。
4.had arrived 考查动词时态。从句中表示“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时。故填had arrived。
5.have been forced 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据since April 可知主句用现在完成时,drinks companies 与force之间为被动关系,且主语为复数,故填have been forced。
● 考点解读
【技法训练一】
1.gives 考查动词时态和主谓一致。which引导的非限制性定语从句中,根据helps可知,从句使用一般现在时,which指代前边的整个句子,所以从句谓语应用第三人称单数形式gives,gives与helps并列,作并列谓语。故填gives。
2.wished 考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知,本句缺少谓语动词,所以空处为本句谓语,再根据as a little girl可知,用一般过去时。故填wished。
3.featured 考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知,空格处需要填谓语动词,再结合上文in the Ming Dynasty可知,此处应用一般过去时。故填featured。
4.caught 考查动词时态。结合语境可知空处应填谓语动词,动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时。故填caught。
5.connects 考查动词时态和语态。空前是it,在从句中作主语。分析句子结构可知,空处为谓语动词。it与connect之间是主动关系,需用主动语态。再根据句中的turns可知,此处用一般现在时。故填connects。
【技法训练二】
1.have started 考查动词时态。根据over the last two years可知,此处应用现在完成时。故填have started。
2.has walked 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in the last five years可知,此处应用现在完成时,且主语为单数形式,故填has walked。
3.have been dreaming 考查动词时态。根据since childhood可知dream这一动作从过去到现在一直在持续中,故用现在完成进行时。故填have been dreaming。
4.had planted 考查动词时态。根据语境可知,“播种种子”这一动作发生在“种子生长”之前,应用过去完成时。故填had planted。
5.will have left 考查动词时态。根据by the time you come back from abroad可知,主句应使用将来完成时,其基本构成形式是:will have done。故填will have left。
【技法训练三】
1.was fixing 考查时态。分析句子结构可知,设空处是句子谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams可知,设空处表示当时正在发生的动作,故使用过去进行时。故填was fixing。
2.are facing 考查时态和主谓一致。表示目前正在进行的动作,应用现在进行时,主语为the Sami,谓语用复数。故填are facing。
3.will be working 考查时态。根据why no one is to meet me at the airport today可知,今天接机这件事还未发生。此处表示在“我”的航班到达时妻子将正在上夜班,所以无法接机,因此主句的时态为将来进行时。故填will be working。
4.are being displayed 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据currently 和语境可知,此处表示目前正在发生的事,应用现在进行时;作品被陈列,应用被动语态;主语about 35,000 works为复数,谓语动词用复数形式。故填are being displayed。
【技法训练四】
1.will find 考查动词时态。根据语境判断,主句的时态为一般将来时,故填will find。
2.would tell 考查动词时态。此处用过去将来时,表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或过去的意图、打算。故填would tell。
【技法训练五】
1.was built 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空处为本句谓语动词,根据时间状语in 2019可知,本句时态为一般过去时;主语a six-metre-tall pavilion是单数,和动词build之间为被动关系,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was built。
2.has been called 考查动词时态和语态。根据ever initiated可知空处时态为现在完成时,且the Federal Duck Stamp Programme与call 之间为被动关系,故填has been called。
3.be offered 考查被动语态。动词offer意为“提供”,和主语构成被动关系。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。
4.is designed 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处在句中作谓语,和句子的主语this course之间为被动关系;根据后文want可知应用一般现在时。故设空处应用一般现在时的被动语态,且主语为单数。故填is designed。
5.will be held 考查动词时态和语态。由时间状语tomorrow morning 可知时态用一般将来时,a paper-cutting exhibition 与hold 构成逻辑上的被动关系,故填will be held。
● 实战演练
Ⅰ.1.had visited 考查动词时态。此处为句型“It was the first time+that从句.”,表示“第一次……”,从句要用过去完成时。故填had visited。
2.was buying 考查动词时态。此处为句型“sb be doing sth when…”,表示“某人正在……这时……”。根据后文when I heard可知,应用过去进行时。故填was buying。
3.is thought 考查动词时态和语态。该句表示孔子现在被认为是一位伟大的教育家,由此可知此处应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is thought。
4.searched 考查动词时态。but后面的turned up是与空处并列的谓语动词,故空处也要用一般过去时。故填searched。
5.have become 考查动词时态和主谓一致。in the past decades为时间状语,一般与现在完成时连用,主语some number plates是复数,故谓语动词要用复数形式。故填have become。
6.is being repaired 考查动词时态和语态。此处表示“洗衣机正在被修理”,因此用现在进行时的被动语态。故填is being repaired。
7.was being followed 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。整个句子描述的是过去发生的事,且此处表示过去某一时刻正在做的事,应用过去进行时,主语she和follow之间是被动关系,表示“她正在被跟踪”,应用过去进行时的被动语态。主语是she,谓语动词用单数。故填was being followed。
8.was built 考查动词时态和语态。根据句中时间状语 in the Tang Dynasty可知,用一般过去时。主语the Xi’an City Wall与build之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was built。
9.has been confirmed 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。so far一般用于现在完成时,主语evidence和confirm之间是被动关系,故用现在完成时的被动语态,且主语为单数。故填has been confirmed。
10.will be repaid 考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语later in life可知,应用一般将来时,主语the hard work与repay为被动关系,故用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be repaid。
Ⅱ.【文章大意】 本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了三星堆博物馆的基本情况和其在传播中国文化中的作用。
1.mixture 考查名词。位于不定冠词之后,需要填入单数可数名词mixture“结合体,混合物”。故填mixture。
2.uniquely 考查副词。修饰shaped需要填入副词uniquely。故填uniquely。
3.are referred 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。主语they与refer之间为被动关系,应使用被动语态;根据主句中的are可知,需要使用一般现在时。主语为复数,故填are referred。
4.the 考查冠词。the public意为“公众,大众”。故填the。
5.but 考查连词。not only… but also…为固定搭配,意为“不仅……而且……”;在本句中连接两个句子,also可以省略。故填but。
6.has welcomed 考查时态与主谓一致。根据时间状语over the decades可知,要用现在完成时;主语为it,所以助动词用has。故填has welcomed。
7.travelling 考查非谓语动词。句子中已经有谓语动词,所以需要填入非谓语动词,逻辑主语all与动词travel之间为主谓关系,需用现在分词,构成独立主格。故填travelling。
8.harmonious 考查形容词。空格处位于名词之前,因此需要填入形容词harmonious“和谐的”修饰名词relationship。故填harmonious。
9.in 考查介词。play a role in sth为固定搭配,意为“在……中发挥作用”。故填in。
10.assumed 考查状语从句的省略。此处是一个省略句,省略主语和be动词,assume和主语China之间为被动关系,故填assumed。
Ⅲ.1.were asked to draw 2.participated in; organised by our Students’ Union 3.was informed; won first prize 4.has attracted hundreds of regular listeners 5.had been missing his parents and the dog; had been away from home/ 第1讲 动词的时态和语态 /
● 单句填空
1.[2024·北京卷] My heart went out to him, and I (jog) over to him.
2.[2023·全国甲卷] Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
3.[2023·浙江1月考] In the Ming Dynasty…Citizens of higher social classes (permit) to live closer to the centre of the circles.
4.[2023·北京卷] I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
5.[2022·全国乙卷] Since April drinks companies (force) to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
一般体
考点一 一般现在时(动词用原形或第三人称单数)
规则1 表示客观规律或普遍真理(不受主句的时态限制)。
The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.
地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
规则2 表示经常或习惯性的动作(多用行为动词,且常与表频率的时间状语连用)或现在的性质、状态、特征等。
We always care for each other and help each other.
我们总是相互关心,相互帮助。
规则3 少数用于表示起止的动词,如come, go, leave, arrive, fly, return, start, begin, open, close, end, stop等,常用一般现在时代替一般将来时,表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。
The shop closes at 11:00 pm every day.
这个商店每天晚上11点关门。
规则4 在时间、条件、方式及让步状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
Unless it rains tomorrow, I will call on you.
如果明天不下雨,我就去拜访你。
[温馨提示] 与一般现在时相对应的时间状语有:often, always, usually, seldom, every day等。
考点二 一般过去时(v.-ed或不规则变化)
规则 表示在特定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态或表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。常与表示过去的具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示)。
A thief broke into his house last night and stole some of his wife’s jewellery.
昨晚一个小偷闯进他家,偷走了他妻子的一些首饰。
[温馨提示] 与一般过去时相对应的时间状语有:back then, yesterday, last week, after that, ago, the other day等。
【技法训练一】
1.[2024·北京卷] When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and (give) us the opportunity to make right choices.
2.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] As a little girl, I (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
3.[2023·浙江1月考] In the Ming Dynasty…The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子).
4.[2022·北京卷] Eventually, the man (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!
5.[2021·北京卷] As it (connect) things, your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream.
完成体
考点一 现在完成时(has/have+过去分词)
规则1 表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,或说话时刚刚完成的动作。
He has just graduated from Harvard and is trying to find a job in Beijing.
他刚从哈佛大学毕业,正努力在北京找份工作。
规则2 表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态,往往和“for…”“since…”等时间状语连用。
It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.
这是我到这个学校以来听过的最有教育意义的演讲。
[温馨提示] (1)与现在完成时相对应的时间状语有: recently, lately, up to/till now, so far, in/over/for the past/last few months/years…, “for+时间段”, “since+时间点”等;
(2)下列句型常用现在完成时:
It is/has been+一段时间+since 从句.
This/That/It is the first/second…+time+that从句(从句用现在完成时).
This/That/It is the best/finest/most interesting…+that从句(从句用现在完成时).
考点二 过去完成时(had+过去分词)
规则1 在by, by the end of, by the time, until, before等后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句时,谓语动词表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”。
By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars.
到去年年底,我们已经生产了20 000辆汽车。
规则2 表示从过去某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态,即“从过去到过去”。
When Jack arrived, Mary had been away for almost an hour.
当杰克到达时,玛丽已经离开快一个小时了。
规则3 表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等,常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等表示。
I had intended to come over to see you last night, but someone called and I couldn’t get away.
昨天晚上我本想来看你的,但有人打电话给我,我脱不开身。
规则4 在“hardly/scarcely…when…”“no sooner…than…”句型结构中,主句用过去完成时,且常用部分倒装,从句用一般过去时,意为“一……就……”。
I had no sooner got into the room than it began to rain.
→No sooner had I got into the room than it began to rain.
我刚走进房间天就开始下起了雨。
考点三 将来完成时(will/shall have+过去分词)
规则 表示到将来某一时间某一动作将会完成,常用的时间状语为:“by+将来某个时间”。
I expect you will have changed your mind by tomorrow.
我预计明天你就会改变主意了。
考点四 现在完成进行时(has/have been doing)
规则1 表示某一动作或状态从过去某一时间开始,一直持续到现在或者仍然要继续下去,常译为“一直……”。
He has been waiting for his friend for an hour but he still hasn’t turned up.
他已经等了他的朋友一个小时了,可他还没来。
规则2 表示到目前为止,多次重复发生的动作或状态。
I have been telephoning him several times this morning.
今天早上我给他打过好几次电话。
[温馨提示] 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别:
现在完成时和现在完成进行时均可表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”的动作,但现在完成时表示动作已完成,着重于结果;现在完成进行时表示的动作可能已完成也可能未完成,更强调动作的持续进行。比较:
I have been writing letters for an hour.
整整一个小时我一直在写信。(已经结束或仍将继续写下去)
I have written letters for an hour.
我已经写了一个小时的信了。(已经结束)
【技法训练二】
1.[2024·浙江1月考] Over the last two years, some supermarkets (start) selling chicken or salad in packs…with two halves containing separate portions (份).
2.[2022·全国甲卷] In the last five years, Cao (walk) through 34 countries in six continents…
3.I (dream) of studying in Beijing Foreign Studies University since childhood, which is the best university to learn foreign languages in China.
4.Mary was pleased to see that the seeds she (plant) in the garden were growing.
5.I am sorry that I cannot meet you at the airport. I (leave) Tianjin by the time you come back from abroad.
进行体
考点一 现在进行时(is/am/are+现在分词)
规则1 表示说话时正在发生着的动作或近期一直在做的事情,暗含动作的“未完成性”和“暂时性”。
I know Mr Wang is writing a new novel but I am not sure whether he has finished it.
我知道王先生正在写一本新的小说,但不确定他是否已经完成。
I don’t really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.
我不是真的在这里工作,只是在新秘书来之前帮帮忙。
规则2 表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作。
She is leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
她明天将动身去北京。
规则3 与always, often, forever, constantly, continually等连用时,表示赞赏或厌恶等感彩,而非强调动作正在进行。
He is always helping others.
他总是帮助其他人。
[温馨提示] 与现在进行时相对应的时间状语有:now, right now, at present, at this moment, these days等。
考点二 过去进行时(was/were+现在分词)
规则1 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作(这一过去时间需用时间状语表示),暗含动作的“未完成性”和“暂时性”。
He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.
昨天一整天他都在准备他的讲座。
规则2 表示一个过去的动作在另一个过去的动作发生时正在进行,或者是以一个长动作作为背景,发生了一个短动作,长动作常用过去进行时,常用于be doing…when…。
They were still working when I left.
我离开时他们还在工作。
He fell down and got his ankle injured when he was playing football.
他踢足球的时候摔倒了,脚踝受了伤。
规则3 用来描绘故事发生时的背景。
The wind was blowing and it was raining hard.
风在吹,雨下得很大。
考点三 将来进行时(shall/will be+现在分词)
规则1 表示在将来某个具体时间点正在进行的动作。
I shall be writing an essay at 8 o’clock. Don’t come then.
8点那会儿我正在写论文呢!别那时候来。
规则2 表示将来的日程安排。
The train will be leaving at 8 o’clock. So don’t be late!
火车将于8点离站。不要迟到了!
【技法训练三】
1.[2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] Henry (fix) his car when he heard the screams.
2.The Sami that live mainly in the northern areas (face) an existential crisis now, whose lives and culture are closely linked to the ancient forests and the reindeer there.
3.My wife (work) on the night shift when my plane arrives. That’s why no one is to meet me at the airport today.
4.[2021·天津3月考改编] Currently, about 35,000 works (display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything.
将来体
考点一 一般将来时(will/shall+动词原形)
规则1 表示将来的动作或状态常用“will/shall+动词原形”。
What time shall we meet
我们要什么时候见面呢
I believe I will make new friends here.
我相信我会在这里交到新朋友。
规则2 be to do和be going to do表示计划或打算做某事,此外,be going to do还可表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断。be about to do表示眼前的将来,即马上要发生的事。
Look at the clouds. It is going to rain.
看那些云,要下雨了。
[温馨提示] 与一般将来时相对应的时间状语有:tomorrow, next week/month…, in an hour, in the coming/following weeks等。
考点二 过去将来时(would+动词原形)
规则 表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作、存在的状态或过去的意图、打算(主要用于宾语从句中)。
She was sure she would succeed.
她确信她会成功。
【技法训练四】
1.As you go through this book, you (find)that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.
2.I thought I (tell) the farmer about it the next day.
被动语态的构成(以do为例)
动词的被动语态的构成方式:be+过去分词,口语中也用“get/become+过去分词”表示。被动语态的基本用法:不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态;强调或突出动作的承受者时常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。
现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时
am/is/are done was/were done will/shall be done would/should be done
am/is/are being done was/were being done — —
has/have been done had been done will/shall have been done would/ should have been done
Nowadays, there is a sharp increase in children’s creativity, for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents.
如今,孩子们在创造力上有极大的提高,因为他们被大力鼓励去发展自己的才能。
The plan should be carried out as soon as possible.
这项计划应该尽快被执行。
不能用被动结构的情况
规则1 所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。
规则2 表示状态的谓语动词,如:last, hold, contain, fit, cost等。
规则3 表示归属的动词或动词词组,如:have,own, belong to等。
规则4 表示“希望、意图、喜好”的动词,如:wish, want, hope, like, love, hate等。
规则5 宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用被动语态。
规则6 宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等,谓语动词不用被动语态。
[温馨提示] 主动形式表被动含义:
(1)当feel, look, smell, taste, sound等后面接形容词时;当cut, read, sell, wear, write, wash等作为不及物动词,表示主语(通常为物)内在“品质”或“性能”时;当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意思时。
(2)want, require, need后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。
(3)be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。
(4)在“be+形容词+to do”中,不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语,用主动形式表示被动含义。
【技法训练五】
1.[2024·新课标Ⅱ卷改编] In 2019, a six-metre-tall pavilion, … by The Peony Pavilion, (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
2.[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Programme (call) one of the most successful conservation programmes ever initiated.
3.In the negotiation, several options could (offer) to reach a mutually beneficial agreement.
4.This course (design) for beginners who want to learn the basics of computer programming.
5.A paper-cutting exhibition (hold) tomorrow morning, which aims to promote traditional Chinese culture.
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.It was the first time that he (visit) Xinjiang and he was amazed by the breathtaking scenery.
2.I (buy) a new alarm clock the other day at Taylor’s when I heard someone singing a familiar song.
3.Confucius is honoured for setting the tone for much of traditional Chinese music for thousands of years, who (think) to be a great educator.
4.Pahlsson and her husband (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing.
5.In the past decades, some number plates (become) extremely valuable, particularly those that spell out words.
6.My washing machine (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
7.She hurriedly ran home, never once looking back to see whether she (follow).
8.The Xi’an City Wall (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored.
9.Evidence of a powerful volcano, which erupted under the ice sheet of West Antarctica around 325 BC and might still be active now, (confirm) so far by British scientists.
10.Don’t worry. The hard work that you do now (repay) later in life.
●Ⅱ 语法填空 [2024·江西赣州高三三模]
The Sanxingdui Museum is located in Guanghan City, Sichuan Province, and features one of the world’s greatest archaeological (考古的) findings of the 20th century—the Sanxingdui Ruins dating back 3,000 to 5,000 years.
The Sanxingdui Museum collects and displays a massive 1. (mix) of objects made of bronze (青铜), jade (玉), gold, clay and so on, which were very delicate and 2. (unique) shaped. The bronze heads, golden decorations and handicrafts are so special that they 3. (refer) to as “having been created by a seemingly alien (外星的) civilisation”.
The museum officially opened to 4. public in October 1997, integrating the collection and protection of cultural relics (遗迹), academic research and public education. Not only is it a base for learning about the ancient Kingdom of Shu, 5. it is a tourist attraction well-known at home and abroad.
Over the decades, it 6. (welcome) more than 10 million domestic and foreign tourists, all 7. (travel) to Sanxingdui to get the full on-site experience and feel the charm of the ancient Shu civilisation. The exhibition halls inside the museum promote the spirit of the 8. (harmony) relationship between mankind and Mother Nature.
The Sanxingdui relics have played an important role 9. changing the Western perception of Chinese civilisation. People around the world now realise China has a more extensive and older civilisation than previously 10. (assume).
●Ⅲ 语法与写作—动词的时态、语态在写作中的运用
1.[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷应用文写作] We something that impressed us most.
我们被要求画一些我们印象最深刻的东西。
2.[2023·浙江1月考应用文写作] Last weekend, I a “Getting to know the plants around us” activity .
上周末,我参加了学生会组织的“了解我们周围的植物”活动。
3.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] I that I in the writing contest and that there would be an awards ceremony in two days.
我被告知我在写作比赛中获得了一等奖,两天后将有颁奖典礼。
4.[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷应用文写作] As the most popular programme in the school radio station, our programme
ever since it was set up two years ago.
作为学校广播电台最受欢迎的节目,我们的节目自两年前开播以来,已经吸引了数百名固定听众。
5.[2020·浙江1月考读后续写] He since it was the first time that he for such a long time.
由于这是他第一次离开家这么长时间,他一直想念他的父母和那条狗。(共82张PPT)
/ 第1讲 动词的时态和语态 /
高考链接
考点解读
实战演练
答案速查【听】
单句填空
1.[2024·北京卷] My heart went out to him, and I ________(jog)
over to him.
jogged
[解析] 考查动词时态。句中and连接并列句，空处作后句谓语，根
据句中went可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子使用一般过去时，
动词使用过去式形式jogged。故填jogged。
2.[2023·全国甲卷] Carson proves that a simple literary form that
has been passed down through the ages can still
_____________(employ) today to draw attention to important
truths.
be employed
[解析] 考查动词语态。分析句子结构可知,从句缺少谓语动词,所以空
处为从句的谓语,从句主语a simple literary form与employ之间为被
动关系,且情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。
3.[2023·浙江1月考] In the Ming Dynasty…Citizens of higher social
classes _______________(permit) to live closer to the centre of
the circles.
were permitted
[解析] 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空格处
在句中作谓语,和主语citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系,
用被动语态,再根据in the Ming Dynasty可知,此处是对过去事实的陈
述,应用一般过去时。主语为复数,助动词用were。故填were
permitted。
4.[2023·北京卷] I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner,
only to find that no other guest ____________(arrive) and my
hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
had arrived
[解析] 考查动词时态。从句中表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。
故填had arrived。
5.[2022·全国乙卷] Since April drinks companies ________________
______(force) to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of
sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar
content.
have been forced
[解析] 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据since April 可知主句
用现在完成时,drinks companies 与force之间为被动关系,且主语为
复数,故填have been forced。
一般体
考点一 一般现在时(动词用原形或第三人称单数)
规则1 表示客观规律或普遍真理(不受主句的时态限制)。
The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.
地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
规则2 表示经常或习惯性的动作(多用行为动词,且常与表频率的时间
状语连用)或现在的性质、状态、特征等。
We always care for each other and help each other.
我们总是相互关心,相互帮助。
规则3 少数用于表示起止的动词,如come, go, leave, arrive, fly,
return, start, begin, open, close, end, stop等,常用一般现在时代替
一般将来时,表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。
The shop closes at 11:00 pm every day.
这个商店每天晚上11点关门。
规则4 在时间、条件、方式及让步状语从句中常用一般现在时代替
一般将来时。
Unless it rains tomorrow, I will call on you.
如果明天不下雨,我就去拜访你。
［温馨提示］ 与一般现在时相对应的时间状语有:often, always,
usually, seldom, every day等。
考点二 一般过去时(v.-ed或不规则变化)
规则 表示在特定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态或表示在
过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。常与表示过去的具体的时
间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示)。
A thief broke into his house last night and stole some of his
wife's jewellery.
昨晚一个小偷闯进他家,偷走了他妻子的一些首饰。
［温馨提示］ 与一般过去时相对应的时间状语有:back then,
yesterday, last week, after that, ago, the other day等。
【技法训练一】
1.[2024·北京卷] When we slow down, we create space to reflect
on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify
important areas of our lives and ______(give) us the opportunity
to make right choices.
gives
[解析] 考查动词时态和主谓一致。which引导的非限制性定语从句中，
根据helps可知，从句使用一般现在时，which指代前边的整个句子，
所以从句谓语应用第三人称单数形式gives，gives与helps并列，作并
列谓语。故填gives。
2.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] As a little girl, I ________(wish) to be a
zookeeper when I grew up.
wished
[解析] 考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知,本句缺少谓语动词,所以空
处为本句谓语,再根据as a little girl可知,用一般过去时。故填wished。
3.[2023·浙江1月考] In the Ming Dynasty…The large siheyuan of
these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often
_________(feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams
and pillars(柱子).
featured
[解析] 考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知,空格处需要填谓语动词,再
结合上文in the Ming Dynasty可知,此处应用一般过去时。故填
featured。
4.[2022·北京卷] Eventually, the man ________(catch) up with her,
and he was only trying to return her wallet!
caught
[解析] 考查动词时态。结合语境可知空处应填谓语动词,动作发生在
过去,应用一般过去时。故填caught。
5.[2021·北京卷] As it _________(connect) things, your brain turns
them into a story, and you get a dream.
connects
[解析] 考查动词时态和语态。空前是it,在从句中作主语。分析句子
结构可知,空处为谓语动词。it与connect之间是主动关系,需用主动语
态。再根据句中的turns可知,此处用一般现在时。故填connects。
完成体
考点一 现在完成时(has/have+过去分词)
规则1 表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,或说话时刚刚
完成的动作。
He has just graduated from Harvard and is trying to find a job
in Beijing.
他刚从哈佛大学毕业,正努力在北京找份工作。
规则2 表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态,往往和
“for…”“since…”等时间状语连用。
It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended since I
came to this school.
这是我到这个学校以来听过的最有教育意义的演讲。
［温馨提示］(1)与现在完成时相对应的时间状语有: recently, lately,
up to/till now, so far, in/over/for the past/last few
months/years…, “for+时间段”, “since+时间点”等;
(2)下列句型常用现在完成时:
It is/has been+一段时间+since 从句.
This/That/It is the first/second…+time+that从句(从句用现在完成时).
This/That/It is the best/finest/most interesting…+that从句
(从句用现在完成时).
考点二 过去完成时(had+过去分词)
规则1 在by, by the end of, by the time, until, before等后接表示
过去某一时间的短语或从句时,谓语动词表示在过去某一时刻或某一
动作之前已经完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”。
By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars.
到去年年底,我们已经生产了20 000辆汽车。
规则2 表示从过去某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时刻的动作或
状态,即“从过去到过去”。
When Jack arrived, Mary had been away for almost an hour.
当杰克到达时,玛丽已经离开快一个小时了。
规则3 表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等,常用had
hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等表示。
I had intended to come over to see you last night, but
someone called and I couldn't get away.
昨天晚上我本想来看你的,但有人打电话给我,我脱不开身。
规则4 在“hardly/scarcely…when…”“no sooner…than…”句型结构中,主
句用过去完成时,且常用部分倒装,从句用一般过去时,意为“一……
就……”。
I had no sooner got into the room than it began to rain.
→No sooner had I gotinto the room than it began to rain.
我刚走进房间天就开始下起了雨。
考点三 将来完成时(will/shall have+过去分词)
规则 表示到将来某一时间某一动作将会完成,常用的时间状语为:“by+
将来某个时间”。
I expect you will have changed your mind by tomorrow.
我预计明天你就会改变主意了。
考点四 现在完成进行时(has/have been doing)
规则1 表示某一动作或状态从过去某一时间开始,一直持续到现在或
者仍然要继续下去,常译为“一直……”。
He has been waiting for his friend for an hour but he still
hasn't turned up.
他已经等了他的朋友一个小时了,可他还没来。
规则2 表示到目前为止,多次重复发生的动作或状态。
I have been telephoning him several times this morning.
今天早上我给他打过好几次电话。
［温馨提示］ 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别:
现在完成时和现在完成进行时均可表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”
的动作,但现在完成时表示动作已完成,着重于结果;现在完成进行时表
示的动作可能已完成也可能未完成,更强调动作的持续进行。比较:
I have been writing letters for an hour.
整整一个小时我一直在写信。(已经结束或仍将继续写下去)
I have written letters for an hour.
我已经写了一个小时的信了。(已经结束)
【技法训练二】
1.[2024·浙江1月考] Over the last two years, some supermarkets
_____________(start) selling chicken or salad in packs…with two
halves containing separate portions (份).
have started
[解析] 考查动词时态。根据over the last two years可知，此处应用
现在完成时。故填have started。
2.[2022·全国甲卷] In the last five years, Cao ____________(walk)
through 34 countries in six continents…
has walked
[解析] 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in the last five
years可知,此处应用现在完成时,且主语为单数形式,故填has walked。
3.I ____________________(dream) of studying in Beijing Foreign
Studies University since childhood, which is the best university to
learn foreign languages in China.
have been dreaming
[解析] 考查动词时态。根据since childhood可知dream这一动作从
过去到现在一直在持续中,故用现在完成进行时。故填have been
dreaming。
4.Mary was pleased to see that the seeds she
____________(plant) in the garden were growing.
had planted
[解析] 考查动词时态。根据语境可知,“播种种子”这一动作发生在“种
子生长”之前,应用过去完成时。故填had planted。
5.I am sorry that I cannot meet you at the airport. I
_____________(leave) Tianjin by the time you come back from
abroad.
will have left
[解析] 考查动词时态。根据by the time you come back from
abroad可知,主句应使用将来完成时,其基本构成形式是:will have
done。故填will have left。
进行体
考点一 现在进行时(is/am/are+现在分词)
规则1 表示说话时正在发生着的动作或近期一直在做的事情,暗含动
作的“未完成性”和“暂时性”。
I know Mr Wang is writing a new novel but I am not sure
whether he has finished it.
我知道王先生正在写一本新的小说,但不确定他是否已经完成。
I don't really work here; I am just helping out until the new
secretary arrives.
我不是真的在这里工作,只是在新秘书来之前帮帮忙。
规则2 表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作。
She is leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
她明天将动身去北京。
规则3 与always, often, forever, constantly, continually等连用时,表
示赞赏或厌恶等感彩,而非强调动作正在进行。
He is always helping others.
他总是帮助其他人。
［温馨提示］ 与现在进行时相对应的时间状语有:now, right now,
at present, at this moment, these days等。
考点二 过去进行时(was/were+现在分词)
规则1 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作
(这一过去时间需用时间状语表示),暗含动作的“未完成性”和“暂时性”。
He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.
昨天一整天他都在准备他的讲座。
规则2 表示一个过去的动作在另一个过去的动作发生时正在进行,或
者是以一个长动作作为背景,发生了一个短动作,长动作常用过去进行
时,常用于be doing…when…。
They were still working whenI left.
我离开时他们还在工作。
He fell down and got his ankle injured when he was
playing football.
他踢足球的时候摔倒了,脚踝受了伤。
规则3 用来描绘故事发生时的背景。
The wind was blowing and it was raininghard.
风在吹,雨下得很大。
考点三 将来进行时(shall/will be+现在分词)
规则1 表示在将来某个具体时间点正在进行的动作。
I shall be writing an essay at 8 o'clock. Don't come then.
8点那会儿我正在写论文呢!别那时候来。
规则2 表示将来的日程安排。
The train will be leaving at 8 o'clock. So don't be late!
火车将于8点离站。不要迟到了!
【技法训练三】
1.[2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] Henry ___________(fix) his car when he
heard the screams.
was fixing
[解析] 考查时态。分析句子结构可知,设空处是句子谓语动词。根据
空后的when he heard the screams可知,设空处表示当时正在发生
的动作,故使用过去进行时。故填was fixing。
2.The Sami that live mainly in the northern areas
___________(face) an existential crisis now, whose lives and
culture are closely linked to the ancient forests and the reindeer
there.
are facing
[解析] 考查时态和主谓一致。表示目前正在进行的动作,应用现在进
行时,主语为the Sami,谓语用复数。故填are facing。
3.My wife _______________(work) on the night shift when my
plane arrives. That's why no one is to meet me at the airport
today.
will be working
[解析] 考查时态。根据why no one is to meet me at the airport
today可知,今天接机这件事还未发生。此处表示在“我”的航班到达时
妻子将正在上夜班,所以无法接机,因此主句的时态为将来进行时。故
填will be working。
4.[2021·天津3月考改编] Currently, about 35,000 works
___________________(display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre,
and it would take a lifetime to see everything.
are being displayed
[解析] 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据currently 和语境可知,
此处表示目前正在发生的事,应用现在进行时;作品被陈列,应用被动语
态;主语about 35,000 works为复数,谓语动词用复数形式。故填are
being displayed。
将来体
考点一 一般将来时(will/shall+动词原形)
规则1表示将来的动作或状态常用“will/shall+动词原形”。
What time shall we meet
我们要什么时候见面呢
I believe I will makenew friends here.
我相信我会在这里交到新朋友。
规则2 be to do和be going to do表示计划或打算做某事,此外,be
going to do还可表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断。be about
to do表示眼前的将来,即马上要发生的事。
Look at the clouds. It is going to rain.
看那些云,要下雨了。
［温馨提示］ 与一般将来时相对应的时间状语有:tomorrow, next
week/month…, in an hour, in the coming/following weeks等。
考点二 过去将来时(would+动词原形)
规则 表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作、存在的状态或过去的意图、
打算(主要用于宾语从句中)。
She was sure she would succeed.
她确信她会成功。
【技法训练四】
1.As you go through this book, you _________(find)that each of
the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a
different experience.
will find
[解析] 考查动词时态。根据语境判断,主句的时态为一般将来时,故填
will find。
2.I thought I ___________(tell) the farmer about it the next day.
would tell
[解析] 考查动词时态。此处用过去将来时,表示从过去某时看将要发
生的动作或过去的意图、打算。故填would tell。
被动语态的构成(以do为例)
动词的被动语态的构成方式:be+过去分词,口语中也用
“get/become+过去分词”表示。被动语态的基本用法:不知道或没必
要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态;强调或突出动作的承受者时
常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。
现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时
一般式 am/is/aredone was/weredone will/shall be done would/should
be done
进行式 am/is/are being done was/were being done — —
完成式 has/have been done had been done will/shall have been done would/should have been
done
Nowadays, there is a sharp increase in children's creativity, for
they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents.
如今,孩子们在创造力上有极大的提高,因为他们被大力鼓励去发展自
己的才能。
The plan should be carried out as soon as possible.
这项计划应该尽快被执行。
不能用被动结构的情况
规则1 所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。
规则2 表示状态的谓语动词,如:last, hold, contain, fit, cost等。
规则3 表示归属的动词或动词词组,如:have,own, belong to等。
规则4 表示“希望、意图、喜好”的动词,如:wish, want, hope, like,
love, hate等。
规则5 宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用被
动语态。
规则6 宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等,谓语动词不用被动语态。
［温馨提示］ 主动形式表被动含义:
(1)当feel, look, smell, taste, sound等后面接形容词时;当cut, read,
sell, wear, write, wash等作为不及物动词,表示主语(通常为物)内在
“品质”或“性能”时;当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意
思时。
(2)want, require, need后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。
(3)be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。
(4)在“be+形容词+to do”中,不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语,用主动
形式表示被动含义。
【技法训练五】
1.[2024·新课标Ⅱ卷改编] In 2019, a six-metre-tall pavilion, … by
The Peony Pavilion, __________(build) at the Firs Garden, just
ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace.
was built
[解析] 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空处为本句谓语动词，根据时
间状语in 2019可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语a six-metre-tall
pavilion是单数，和动词build之间为被动关系，所以用一般过去时的
被动语态。故填was built。
2.[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp
Programme ________________(call) one of the most successful
conservation programmes ever initiated.
has been called
[解析] 考查动词时态和语态。根据ever initiated可知空处时态为现
在完成时,且the Federal Duck Stamp Programme与call 之间为被动
关系,故填has been called。
3.In the negotiation, several options could ___________(offer) to
reach a mutually beneficial agreement.
be offered
[解析] 考查被动语态。动词offer意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系。
在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。
4.This course ____________(design) for beginners who want to
learn the basics of computer programming.
is designed
[解析] 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处在句中作谓语,和句
子的主语this course之间为被动关系;根据后文want可知应用一般现
在时。故设空处应用一般现在时的被动语态,且主语为单数。故填is
designed。
5.A paper-cutting exhibition ____________(hold) tomorrow
morning, which aims to promote traditional Chinese culture.
will be held
[解析] 考查动词时态和语态。由时间状语tomorrow morning 可知
时态用一般将来时,a paper-cutting exhibition 与hold 构成逻辑上
的被动关系,故填will be held。
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.It was the first time that he ___________(visit) Xinjiang and he
was amazed by the breathtaking scenery.
had visited
[解析] 考查动词时态。此处为句型“It was the first time+that从句.”,
表示“第一次……”,从句要用过去完成时。故填had visited。
2.I ____________(buy) a new alarm clock the other day at
Taylor's when I heard someone singing a familiar song.
was buying
[解析] 考查动词时态。此处为句型“sb be doing sth when…”，表示
“某人正在……这时……”。根据后文when I heard可知,应用过去进
行时。故填was buying。
3.Confucius is honoured for setting the tone for much of
traditional Chinese music for thousands of years, who
___________(think) to be a great educator.
is thought
[解析] 考查动词时态和语态。该句表示孔子现在被认为是一位伟大
的教育家,由此可知此处应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is
thought。
4.Pahlsson and her husband _________(search) the kitchen,
checking every corner, but turned up nothing.
searched
[解析] 考查动词时态。but后面的turned up是与空处并列的谓语动
词,故空处也要用一般过去时。故填searched。
5.In the past decades, some number plates
______________(become) extremely valuable, particularly those
that spell out words.
have become
[解析] 考查动词时态和主谓一致。in the past decades为时间状语,
一般与现在完成时连用,主语some number plates是复数,故谓语动词
要用复数形式。故填have become。
6.My washing machine _________________(repair) this week, so I
have to wash my clothes by hand.
is being repaired
[解析] 考查动词时态和语态。此处表示“洗衣机正在被修理”,因此用
现在进行时的被动语态。故填is being repaired。
7.She hurriedly ran home, never once looking back to see
whether she ___________________(follow).
was being followed
[解析] 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。整个句子描述的是过去发
生的事,且此处表示过去某一时刻正在做的事,应用过去进行时,主语
she和follow之间是被动关系,表示“她正在被跟踪”,应用过去进行时的
被动语态。主语是she，谓语动词用单数。故填was being followed。
8.The Xi'an City Wall __________(build) originally to protect the
city in the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored.
was built
[解析] 考查动词时态和语态。根据句中时间状语 in the Tang
Dynasty可知,用一般过去时。主语the Xi'an City Wall与build之间为
被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was built。
9.Evidence of a powerful volcano, which erupted under the ice
sheet of West Antarctica around 325 BC and might still be
active now, ____________________(confirm) so far by British
scientists.
has been confirmed
[解析] 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。so far一般用于现在完成
时,主语evidence和confirm之间是被动关系,故用现在完成时的被动语
态,且主语为单数。故填has been confirmed。
10.Don't worry. The hard work that you do now
______________(repay) later in life.
will be repaid
[解析] 考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语later in life可知,应用一
般将来时,主语the hard work与repay为被动关系,故用一般将来时的
被动语态。故填will be repaid。
Ⅱ 语法填空［2024·江西赣州高三三模］
The Sanxingdui Museum is located in Guanghan City,
Sichuan Province, and features one of the world's greatest
archaeological (考古的) findings of the 20th century—the
Sanxingdui Ruins dating back 3,000 to 5,000 years.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
The Sanxingdui Museum collects and displays a massive
1.________(mix) of objects made of bronze (青铜), jade (玉),
gold, clay and so on, which were very delicate and
2._________(unique) shaped. The bronze heads, golden
decorations and handicrafts are so special that they
3.____________(refer) to as “having been created by a seemingly
alien (外星的) civilisation”.
mixture
uniquely
are referred
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
The museum officially opened to 4.____ public in October
1997, integrating the collection and protection of cultural relics
(遗迹), academic research and public education. Not only is it a
base for learning about the ancient Kingdom of Shu, 5._____ it
is a tourist attraction well-known at home and abroad.
the
but
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Over the decades, it 6.______________(welcome) more than
10 million domestic and foreign tourists, all 7.__________(travel)
to Sanxingdui to get the full on-site experience and feel the
charm of the ancient Shu civilisation. The exhibition halls inside
the museum promote the spirit of the 8.____________(harmony)
relationship between mankind and Mother Nature.
has welcomed
travelling
harmonious
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
The Sanxingdui relics have played an important role 9.___
changing the Western perception of Chinese civilisation. People
around the world now realise China has a more extensive and
older civilisation than previously 10._________(assume).
in
assumed
【文章大意】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了三星堆博物馆的基本
情况和其在传播中国文化中的作用。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1.________
mixture
[解析] 考查名词。位于不定冠词之后，需要填入单数可数名词
mixture“结合体，混合物”。故填mixture。
2._________
uniquely
[解析] 考查副词。修饰shaped需要填入副词uniquely。故填uniquely。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3.____________
are referred
[解析] 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。主语they与refer之间为被动关
系，应使用被动语态；根据主句中的are可知，需要使用一般现在时。
主语为复数，故填are referred。
4.____
the
[解析] 考查冠词。the public意为“公众，大众”。故填the。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
5._____
but
[解析] 考查连词。not only… but also…为固定搭配，意为“不
仅……而且……”；在本句中连接两个句子，also可以省略。故填but。
6.______________
has welcomed
[解析] 考查时态与主谓一致。根据时间状语over the decades可知，
要用现在完成时；主语为it，所以助动词用has。故填has welcomed。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
7.__________
travelling
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。句子中已经有谓语动词，所以需要填入非
谓语动词，逻辑主语all与动词travel之间为主谓关系，需用现在分词，
构成独立主格。故填travelling。
8.____________
harmonious
[解析] 考查形容词。空格处位于名词之前，因此需要填入形容词
harmonious“和谐的”修饰名词relationship。故填harmonious。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
9.___
in
[解析] 考查介词。play a role in sth为固定搭配，意为“在……中发
挥作用”。故填in。
10._________
assumed
[解析] 考查状语从句的省略。此处是一个省略句，省略主语和be动
词，assume和主语China之间为被动关系，故填assumed。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅲ 语法与写作—动词的时态、语态在写作中的运用
1.［2024·新课标Ⅰ卷应用文写作］We ____________________
something that impressed us most.
我们被要求画一些我们印象最深刻的东西。
were asked to draw
2.[2023·浙江1月考应用文写作] Last weekend, I ______________ a
“Getting to know the plants around us” activity _______________
__________________.
上周末,我参加了学生会组织的“了解我们周围的植物”活动。
participated in
organised by our Students' Union
3.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] I ______________ that I
_______________ in the writing contest and that there would be
an awards ceremony in two days.
我被告知我在写作比赛中获得了一等奖,两天后将有颁奖典礼。
was informed
won first prize
4.[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷应用文写作] As the most popular
programme in the school radio station, our programme
________________________________________
ever since it was set up two years ago.
作为学校广播电台最受欢迎的节目,我们的节目自两年前开播以来,已
经吸引了数百名固定听众。
has attracted hundreds of regular listeners
5.[2020·浙江1月考读后续写] He ______________________________
____________ since it was the first time that he ______________
________________ for such a long time.
由于这是他第一次离开家这么长时间,他一直想念他的父母和那条狗。
had been missing his parents and the dog
had been away from home
听课手册
语法专题 词法和句法
专题一 复杂多变的动词
/ 第1讲 动词的时态和语态 /
高考链接
1.jogged 2.be employed 3.were permitted 4.had arrived
5.have been forced
考点解读
【技法训练一】
1.gives 2.wished 3.featured 4.caught 5.connects
【技法训练二】
1.have started 2.has walked 3.have been dreaming 4.had
planted 5.will have left
【技法训练三】
1.was fixing 2.are facing 3.will be working
4.are being displayed
【技法训练四】
1.will find 2.would tell
【技法训练五】
1.was built 2.has been called 3.be offered 4.is designed
5.will be held
实战演练
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.had visited 2.was buying 3.is thought 4.searched 5.have
become 6.is being repaired 7.was being followed 8.was
built 9.has been confirmed 10.will be repaid
Ⅱ 语法填空
1.mixture 2.uniquely 3.are referred 4.the 5.but 6.has
welcomed 7.travelling 8.harmonious 9.in 10.assumed
Ⅲ 语法与写作—动词的时态、语态在写作中的运用
1.were asked to draw 2.participated in;organised by our
Students' Union 3.was informed; won first prize 4.has
attracted hundreds of regular listeners
5.had been missing his parents and the dog; had been away
from home
