Unit 2 Be sporty,be healthy Grammar and usage课件(共59张PPT) 高中英语 译林版（2019） 必修第二册

(共59张PPT)
Unit 2
Grammar and usage
Passive voice in the present continuous
and present perfect tenses
The Tenses of English
The classification of verbs
Notional Verb
Link Verb
Auxiliary Verb
Modal Verb
do
do
does
did
doing
done
to do
The explanation of tense
时间 状态
现在 一般
过去 进行
将来 完成
过去将来 完成进行
以do为例 一般式 进行式 完成式 完成进行式
现在时
过去时
将来时
过去将来时
以do为例 一般式 进行式 完成式 完成进行式
现在时
过去时
将来时
过去将来时
do/
does
did
Will/shall
do
Would/
Should do
Am/is/are
doing
Were/was
doing
Will be
doing
Would be
doing
Have/has
done
Had
done
Will have
done
Would
have
done
Have/has
been
doing
Had been
doing
Will have
been
doing
Would
have been
doing
一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态We speak English.主语谓语宾语English is spokenbyus.主语谓语宾语宾变主,主变宾,前加by主动语态主变被解题步骤:1.找宾语----即动作的承受者Theymakeshoesin that factory.Shoes2.判断宾语的单复数----即be动词的单复数.arewere3.判断动词的时态----即be动词的时态.4.修改谓语的时态----即原句动词改为过去分词made5.修改原句的主语----即by+主语/宾语.by them in that factory. 1.Tombrokethe window. The windowwasbrokenby Tom. 2.Hebrokethe windows. The windowswerebrokenbyhim.Be要随着主语变逻辑主语by来引The lights were turned off by Tom.
The windows are cleaned every week.
Millie’s closed the door.
The TV was turned on.
The boy made a model plane.
A total(总数) of 8 questions are answered.
or
Active
Passive
Passive
Passive
Active
Passive
Active
Passive
区分主动语态和被动语态，主要看主语是执行者还是承受者
1.Theymakeshoesin that factory.主语+及物动词+宾语Shoesare made(by them) in that factory.变为被动语态一般现在时被动结构：am/is /are +过去分词Exercise:Heridesthe motorbike to his factory every day.The motorbikeis riddento his factory every day.2.Theyboughtten computerslast term．Ten computerswere bought(by them) last term.一般过去时被动结构：was/were +过去分词Exercise:Heboughtsome fruits yesterday.Some fruitswere boughtyesterday.3. Some workersare paintingthe roomsnow．The roomsare being paintedby some workersnow.现在进行时被动结构：am/is/are + being +PPExercise:They are playing volleyball now.Volleyball is being played (by them) now4.Shewas interviewingthe famous manatthis time yesterday.The famous manwas being interviewedby her过去进行时被动结构：was/were + being +PPExercise:He was playing basketball at 8:00 last night.Basketball was being played at 8:00 yesterday.5.Theywill finishthe workin ten days.The workwill be finished(by them)in ten days.一般将来时被动结构：will+ be +过去分词Theyare going to havean evening party tomorrow.An evening partyis going to be hadtomorrow.be going to + be + pp6. He saidthe workerswould builda new schoolin two weeks.He saida new schoolwould be builtin two weeks.过去将来时被动构成：would + be + ppTheywould havea party the next day.A partywould be had(by them) the next day.7.Abycan take good care ofTina．Tinacan be taken good care ofby Aby.情态动词变被动：情态动词+ be+过分Exercise:Hemay carrythe basket easily.The basketmay beeasilycarriedby him.8.Wehave madetwenty keys．Twenty keyshave been madeby us.现在完成时被动结构：have/has + been+过去分词Exercise:Workershave builtthe house since two years ago.The househas been builtsince two years ago.9.Wehad seenthis filmbefore you came here.This filmhad been seenby usbefore you came here.过去完成时被动结构：had +been +PPExercise:The doctor knew that he had known his problem.—The doctor knew that his problemhad been known by him.三、被动语态的结构：
被动语态由“be+done（及物动词的过去分词）构成，被动语态可以用于各种时态，其时态变化通过助动词 be 的不同形式来体现。
一般现在时： am / is / are done
一般过去时： was / were done
现在进行时： am / is / are being done
过去进行时： was / were being done
现在完成时： have / has been done
过去完成时： had been done
一般将来时： shall / will be done ; be going to be done
当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can / must / have to…be done
※ 只有及物动词才有被动形式，不及物动词如rise / come / go / take / place / happen等，没有被动形式。
Compare the sentences with passive voice in the present continuous or present perfect tenses.
construct
The road is being constructed.
The road has been constructed.
Passive voice in the present continuous tense
Passive voice in the present perfect tense
Lead-in
repair
The car is being repaired.
The car has been repaired.
Lead-in
cook
The dish is being cooked.
The dish has been cooked.
Lead-in
The house is being decorated.
The house has been decorated.
Lead-in
decorate
Find the sentences in the leaflet that use the passive voice in the present continuous and present perfect tenses.
Passive voice in the present continuous tense The finishing touches are now being put to a new swimming pool …
Passive voice in the present perfect tense Our facilities have been enlarged and redone …
Weight training classes, for example, are being designed …
… and our workout rooms have been updated with modern equipment.
… our aerobics class has been replaced with several fun options …
Exploring the rules
Are you ready to get fit We are happy to announce that the Community Sports Centre will soon be open to the public again! Our facilities have been enlarged and redone and our centre is now bigger and better than ever before. The finishing touches are now being put to a new swimming pool and our workout rooms have been updated with modern e by and check them out.
Exploring the rules
There are a lot of fitness courses for you to choose from. In response to public interest, our aerobics class has been replaced with several fun options, including modern dance. You can find more details about all our courses on our website. Better still, we will update our fitness courses every few months so that more popular courses can be included. Weight training classes, for example, are being designed and will be added to our programme soon. We will invite professional athletes to be our coaches. We are confident that we have something for everyone. We look forward to seeing you here!
Exploring the rules
Working out the rules
We use the passive voice in the present continous tense to talk about something that is being done right now. The verb form is (1) _____________________
We use the passive voice in the present perfect tense to talk about something that has been done. The verb form is
(2) ___________________
is/are/am being done.
has/have been done.
The Present Continuous Passive Voice
现在进行时的被动语态
结构
1.肯定式：am/is/are + being + done
① We are being killed for the wool beneath our stomachs.
② Our fur is being used (use)to make sweaters for people like you now.
am/is/are + being + done
2.否定式：am/is/are + not + being +done
① The engineer is not being treated fairly.
② New nature parks are not being started in China.
am/is/are + not + being +done
3.一般疑问式：
① Is the patient _____________(examine)by the doctor now
② Is a computer center _________ (build)for the students
being examined
being built
Am/Is/Are + 主语 + being + done
① Who ________________ (film)now
② Why is the house _____________ (clean)by you
4.特殊疑问式：
疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + being + done + 其他？
is being filmed
being cleaned
现在进行时的被动语态的形式 肯定式 am/is/are + being done
否定式 am/is/are + not +being done
一般疑问式 am/is/are+主语+being done
特殊疑问式 疑问词+am/is/are +主语＋being done
用法
My washing machine is being repaired (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
①表示正在进行或正在发生的被动动作
My bedroom is being painted(paint) now.
②表示现阶段或目前这段时间正在进行的被动动作,但这
一被动动作在此时此刻不一定正在发生，常与these days，
this week连用。
用法
The telephone is in use. = The telephone is being used.
Many new products are on show.= Many new products are being shown.
③少数及物动词的进行时表示按计划、安排将要承受某个动作。
A concert is being held tonight.
④be + under/in/on +n.可表示现在进行时的被动语态的含
义。
⑤注意短语动词变为被动语态时, 短语中的介词或副词不能省掉, 应当看成一个整体。
The children _________________________ (正在被照顾)here.
are being taken good care of
Make sure that all the victims are being taken good care of.
Nobody suspects that the plan is being carried out well.
The passive voice in the present continuous tense
for phrasal verbs:
for verbs with two objects:
The teacher is giving examination papers to students.
Examination papers are being given to students (by the teacher).
动词词组，一个整体，不分开
宾语变，其余不变
The washing machine is being repaired.
= The washing machine is under repair.
am/is/are being investigated = under investigation
am/is/are being constructed = under construction
am/is/are being controlled = under control
am/is/are being attacked = under attack
am/is/are being reviewed = under review
am/is/are being discussed = under discussion
1. Many activities _________________ (hold)
in our school these days.
2. A new gym ___________________ (build). They hope to finish it next month.
3. -What’s that noise
- Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new washing machine
_______________ (test).
4. The camera you ____________(use) now _________ (belong) to me.
5. One third of the class ___________________
(question) by the teachers now.
are using
belongs
is being built
are being held
Practice
is being tested
are being questioned
无被动语态
用法
The child has been taken good care of by his grandma all these years.
①表示被动的动作发生在过去，强调对现在造成的影响和结果。
The door has been locked. 门已经被锁了.
②表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，
并可能将持续下去,常与for a time、since、how long等时
间状语连用。
The Present Perfect Passive Voice
现在完成时的被动语态
注意：
注意其与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时间，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时的被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去,但强调该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。
The house____________(build) last year.
这房子是去年建的。
The house _______________. We can move in.
was built
has been built
常与现在完成时连用的时间状语：
already已经
yet 已经
recently/lately最近
since then从那时起
ever since自那以来
ever曾经
so far迄今为止
for a long time 很长一段时间
by now到现在为止
in recent years在最近几年里
in/during/over the past/last years在过去的几年里
Every argument has been backed up with examples.
The negative feelings have been got over by doing exercise.
The passive voice in the present continuous tense
for phrasal verbs:
for verbs with two objects:
The committee has awarded the prize to him twice.
He has been awarded the prize twice (by the committee).
动词词组，一个整体，不分开
宾语变，其余不变
即时练习
1.These rabbits (look) after by wildlife keepers now.
2.How many phones (make) in the factory since last century
3.Since your work (finish)，you can have a rest now.
4.Many interesting experiments (carry) out these days.
5.More than 100 famous films (show) since July.
6.Just a moment, please. The dishes for the dinner (cook) in the kitchen.
8.They are living in a rented house because their own house ______________
(rebuild).
are being looked
have been made
has been finished
are being carried
have been shown
are being cooked
is being rebuilt
Applying the rules
Rewrite the following sentences using the passive voice.
1. The city government is building a new community sports centre.
_______________________________________________________
2. Some workers are painting the walls in the workout rooms.
_______________________________________________________
A new community sports centre is being built (by the city government).
The walls in the workout rooms are being painted (by some workers).
Exercise 1
Rewrite the following sentences using the passive voice.
3. People have told me the new workout rooms are very modern.
_______________________________________________________
4. Jenny’s PE teacher has asked her to make an exercise plan.
_______________________________________________________
5. The teachers are testing students on their knowledge of fitness.
_______________________________________________________
I have been told that the new workout rooms are very modern.
Jenny has been asked to make an exercise plan (by her PE teacher).
Students are being tested on their knowledge of fitness (by the teachers).
Fill in the blanks with the proper verb forms.
1. I got caught in the rain and my suit _____________ (ruin).
2. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ___________________ (not decide) yet.
3. Would you please keep silent The weather report ________________ (broadcast) and I want to listen.
4. His sister left home in 1998, and _____________________ (not hear of) since then.
has been ruined
has not been decided
is being broadcast
has not been heard of
Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with the proper verb forms.
5. —Hi, Terry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon
—Sorry. It’s _____________ (repair).
6. In the last few years thousands of films _____________ (produce) all over the world.
7. Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _____________ (run out). We must act immediately because there’s none left.
8. We won’t start the work until all the preparations _____________ (make).
being repaired
have been produced
have run out
have been made
汉语中有一类句子不出现主语，但译成英语时要用被动语态。
(1) It is said that… 据说…
(2) It is reported that… 据报道…
(3) It is believed that… 有人相信…
(4) It is well-known that… 众所周知…
(5) It is considered that… 人们认为…
(6) It is supposed that… 据推测…
(7) It is estimated that… 据估计…
I visited the new and improved Community Sports Centre. It looks amazing! It is not open to the public yet, but preparations (1) ____________________ (make) presently for the reopening.
Lots of new and modern facilities (2) ____________________ (put) in place. Some of the exercise machines (3) ___________________ (test) by a group of energetic young people now. A whole new range of courses (4) ____________________ (design) for people of all ages, including tai chi and boxing! I tried out the boxing class and I loved it! The coach, who was a boxing champion, was patient and professional. At the end of the one-hour class, I was sweating all over but felt relaxed.
Despite all these improvements, I have also found something that still needs to be done: so far no basketball court (5) ____________________ (build). I love playing basketball and I hope a basketball court will be built in the near future. I am sure it will make the sports centre more popular.
are being made
have been put
are being tested
have been designed
has been built
Exercise
Frances has written a review of the sports plete the review with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.
1. All his money _______________(use) up and he has to borrow some.
2. Look out！You _______________ (follow) by a stranger.
3.--The window is dirty.
--I know. It (not clean) for weeks.
4. Paper money ____________ (use) for over nine hundred years.
5. --Have you moved into the new house
--Not yet. The rooms (paint).
hasn’t been cleaned
are being painted
Practice
has been used
are being followed
has been used
Describe a self-chosen situation using as many sentences with passive voice in the present continuous and present perfect tenses as possible.