Unit 4 Exploring literature Grammar and usage 课件(共28张PPT) 高中英语 译林版 （2019）必修第二册
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| 名称 | Unit 4 Exploring literature Grammar and usage 课件(共28张PPT) 高中英语 译林版 （2019）必修第二册 |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 牛津译林版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-09-30 12:58:07 | ||
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(共28张PPT)
Unit 4 Exploring literature
Grammar and usage
Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.
—The Essays of Francis Bacon (1597)
by Francis Bacon
读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。
Lead-in
1
Step
How can we choose good books
What are your suggestions
Exploring the rules
2
Step
Below is a website article about how to choose books. Read the article and get some ideas about the answers to the question.
Exploring the rules
Read the passage again and find the other sentences that use modal verbs, identifying their functions respectively. And then fill in thetable on Page 48.
Suggestion What shall I read
… you can get ideas from different sources …
You could also read book reviews in newspapers, in magazines or online.
Ability Teachers in particular can provide suggestions for interesting reading materials that can be found in the library or bookshop easily.
A book review can often tell you whether a book is worth reading or not.
Necessity … what books you ought to read.
However, you must also decide for yourself what kind of books to read.
You do not have to read a book just because everyone recommends it.
Possibility You might have asked yourself this question more than once.
These ideas should point you in the right direction.
… you may find yourself better able to seek out books to your taste …
Working out the rules
Model verbs can express ability or necessity. They can also make suggestions or describe the probability of an event. The same modal verb can have different functions.
Modal verbs can be followed by _____________.
You can choose more than one answer for the blank.
a do(the base form) d be done(the passive voice)
b doing(the verb-ing form) e be doing(the continuous form)
c did (the past form) f have done (the perfect form)
a, d, e, f
2.Try to identify the differences between various modal verbs for the same function.
Exploring the rules
Suggestion What shall I read
… you can get ideas from different sources …
You could also read book reviews in newspapers, in magazines or online.
Exploring the rules
1.What we do this weekend
2. Which one should I choose You choose the red one。
Modal verbs for suggestion: shall, can, could
shall
can
1.shall用于一、三人称的疑问句，表征求建议或请求允许, 多与I或we连用。
2. “Can” “Could”能用来给出建议或提出问题的解决办法
Ability Teachers in particular can provide suggestions for interesting reading materials that can be found in the library or bookshop easily.
A book review can often tell you whether a book is worth reading or not.
_____you speak any foreign language
By the time she was eight, she _______ read Greek and Latin.
He fell into the river, but he swim to the bank.
Modal verbs for ability: can, could, be able to
could
was able to
Exploring the rules
Can
can表能够做某事（具备某种能力）；could主要指过去能够.
Be able to 则可以用于其他时态。
表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,相当于succeeding in doing=managed to do.不能用can/could。
Necessity … what books you ought to read.
However, you must also decide for yourself what kind of books to read.
You do not have to read a book just because everyone recommends it.
As a League member, you set a good example to your classmates.
You_______obey the rules, otherwise I would punish you.
It’s five o’clock. I _____________ leave now.
Modal verbs for necessity: should, ought to, must, have to
ought to (should)
must
have to
Exploring the rules
1. must表示“必须, 一定要”。肯定句中表说话人的主观看法。must 只有一般现在时。
2. have to 表示“不得不”，强调客观需要，有更多的时态形式。
3.should表义务, 意为“应该”（某件事宜做），用于各种人称；
4. Ought to→should→have to→must语气由弱到强
Possibility You might have asked yourself this question more than once.
These ideas should point you in the right direction.
… you may find yourself better able to seek out books to your taste …
—Where’s Rose
—I’m not sure. She be at home.
You haven’t eaten all day. You _________ be hungry.
I don’t believe it. It _________ (not) be true.
Wild dogs be dangerous.
Mary took dancing classes for years; she _________ be an excellent dancer.
Modal verbs for probability: may, might, could, can, should must
may/might/could
must
can’t
Exploring the rules
can
should
may/might/could：也许；大概；表示把握不大的推测
can表可能性或推断，用于肯定句中表常有的行为和情形，意为“有时会/可能”
can’t：不可能；推测的语气相当有把握
couldn’t：不可能；语气较委婉
should：很可能；应该…, 指按常理推测
must：肯定；准是；想必是
Applying the rules P49
B1 For the following groups of three sentences, tick the sentence which uses the modal verb differently from the other two.
a Can I keep the book for more than two weeks
b Nick can read more in an afternoon than I can in a week!
c Can Mary finish War and Peace in a month
a I am afraid I may be unable to finish this novel today.
b It may be difficult for people to agree on what good literature is.
c You may go to the library tomorrow afternoon, if you have time.
√
√
request
ability
ability
possibility
possibility
permission
√
√
Applying the rules
B1 For the following groups of three sentences, tick the sentence which uses the modal verb differently from the other two.
3. a I must finish writing the book review and hand it in before Wednesday.
b You must be tired after three hours’ reading.
c Students must develop the habit of reading classic literature.
4. a Henry should be reading books in the library.
b I have fifty dollars—that should be enough for three books.
c Reading English novels has greatly increased my vocabulary — you should try it too.
√
√
necessity
possibility
necessity
possibility
possibility
necessity
√
√
B2 Below is an entry in a student’s reading plete the entry with the correct model verbs in brackets.
When my English teacher suggested that I read Charles Dickens’s A Christmas Carol, I thought, “I (1) (can’t/shouldn’t) read this! It (2) (has to/must) be very boring.” Surprisingly, it turned out the exact opposite. I (3)
(could/might) not stop turning the pages!
The book’s main character is Scrooge, a rich but mean old man. He hates all kinds of celebrations. On Christmas eve, he is transported to different points in his life by three spirits. In the end, he reflects on these moments and realizes his mistakes. Then he decides that he (4) (might/must) change himself. On Christmas morning, he sends a large turkey to a poor man for Christmas dinner. He also tries to make his family and friends happy by spending time with them.
There is something that (5) (can/must) be learnt from A Christmas Carol: we (6) (should/may) treat others with kindness, generosity and love. I think everyone (7) (would/ought to) read this book.
can’t
must
could
must
can
should
ought to
3. In groups, make rules for your school library using modal verbs.
(1) What is a rule What modal verbs can be used to describe rules
Applying the rules
A rule is a statement explaining what someone can or cannot do in a particular system, game or situation.
(2) From what aspects would you like to give rules for your school library
Modal verbs that are used to describe permission or necessity: must, can, mustn’t, cannot.
Rules for the school library
Applying the rules
food
drinks
mobile phone
talking
school ID
library properties
borrowing books
protecting books
1. You must study quietly in the reading room.
2. You must not eat or drink in the library.
3. You can use the computers to find books in our library.
4.You can borrow two books at a time and keep them for as long as two weeks.
5.You must present your school ID when borrowing books.
6.You mustn’t steal or damage library properties such as books, periodicals, chairs and tables.
7. Mobile phones must be switched to “silent” mode.
8.You cannot play computer games on the computers provided.
9.All books and periodicals must be returned to the shelves after use.
Applying the rules
情态动词+have done的用法
情态动词+have done的用法
1. may/might + have done
表示对不太把握的过去情况的可能性推测，表示“可能/大概已经做了某事”。
﹡Tom may have gone to Shanghai, but I’m still not sure about it.
汤姆可能已经去了上海，但是我还不能肯定。
Translate：杰克没有准时来，他可能是错过了公交车。育
Jack didn’t come on time. He may/might have missed the bus.2
表示对过去发生的事情或行为比较有把握的推测、肯定的推断，译为
“一定做了某事；准是做了某事”等。否定意义用can’t/couldn’t have done表示。
﹡ The ground is rather wet, so it must have rained last night, didn’t it
地面很湿，所以昨晚一定下雨了，对不对？
Translate：
Since nobody gave him any help, he must have done the research on his own.
因为没有人给他提供帮助，他一定是自己完成了研究。育
2. must + have done
3. should/ought to + have done
表示过去本应该做却没有做的情况，表示说话人后悔、遗憾或责备的语气。
﹡I really regret wasting the hours when I should have studied hard.
我真的很后悔该努力学习的时候浪费了太多时间。
Translate：
—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.
—Oh, it’s too bad. You should have made preparations.
Instead you spent all your time playing computer games.
你本应该好好准备的，而你却用了所有的时间玩电脑游戏。
4. shouldn’t/oughtn’t to + have done
与前面的相反，shouldn’t /oughtn’t to + have done表示本不该做某事却已经做了，也表示说话人后悔或责备的语气。
﹡You shouldn’t have watched TV last night.
你们昨晚本不应该看电视的。
Translate：
I shouldn’t have watched that movie — it’ll give me horrible dreams.
我不该看那部电影的，它会让我晚上做噩梦的。
5. needn’t + have done
表示过去做了不必要的事，可译为“本可不必”等。
﹡ You needn’t have visited my uncle, as he has been all right for long.
其实你不必去探望我叔叔的，因为他已经痊愈了好长一段时间了。
Translate：
I needn’t have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are friendly to me.
在去新学校之前我本不必担心的，因为我的同学对我很友好。
6. could + have done
“本来可以/能够做却没做”，表示懊恼和惋惜。
﹡You could have done better，but you were too careless.
你本来能够做得更好，但你太粗心了。
Translate：
He could have escaped, but he chose to stand and fight.
他本可以逃跑的，但是他选择留下来战斗。
7. can’t/couldn’t + have done
是must have done 的否定式，表示“一定没有做过某事, 不可能做过某事 ”。
﹡Without your guidance, I couldn’t have spent such a happy time.
没有你的指导，我不可能度过如此愉快的时间。
﹡Mr Smith can’t have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.
史密斯先生不可能去北京了, 我刚才还在图书馆见过他。
Translate：
—Why are your eyes so red You can’t/couldn’t have slept well last night.
—Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.
为什么你的眼睛这么红？你昨晚一定没有睡好。
情态动词+have done的用法归纳
构成 意义
may/might have done “可能已经做了某事”
“一定做过某事”
“本应该做某事，却没做”
“本不应该做某事，却做了”
“本不必做某事, 却做了”
“过去本来能够做某事，却没做”
“过去不可能做某事”
must have done
should/ought to have done
shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done
needn’t have done
could have done
can’t/couldn’t have done
Books can enrich our life. Life without books is like a body without a soul.
Unit 4 Exploring literature
Grammar and usage
Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.
—The Essays of Francis Bacon (1597)
by Francis Bacon
读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。
Lead-in
1
Step
How can we choose good books
What are your suggestions
Exploring the rules
2
Step
Below is a website article about how to choose books. Read the article and get some ideas about the answers to the question.
Exploring the rules
Read the passage again and find the other sentences that use modal verbs, identifying their functions respectively. And then fill in thetable on Page 48.
Suggestion What shall I read
… you can get ideas from different sources …
You could also read book reviews in newspapers, in magazines or online.
Ability Teachers in particular can provide suggestions for interesting reading materials that can be found in the library or bookshop easily.
A book review can often tell you whether a book is worth reading or not.
Necessity … what books you ought to read.
However, you must also decide for yourself what kind of books to read.
You do not have to read a book just because everyone recommends it.
Possibility You might have asked yourself this question more than once.
These ideas should point you in the right direction.
… you may find yourself better able to seek out books to your taste …
Working out the rules
Model verbs can express ability or necessity. They can also make suggestions or describe the probability of an event. The same modal verb can have different functions.
Modal verbs can be followed by _____________.
You can choose more than one answer for the blank.
a do(the base form) d be done(the passive voice)
b doing(the verb-ing form) e be doing(the continuous form)
c did (the past form) f have done (the perfect form)
a, d, e, f
2.Try to identify the differences between various modal verbs for the same function.
Exploring the rules
Suggestion What shall I read
… you can get ideas from different sources …
You could also read book reviews in newspapers, in magazines or online.
Exploring the rules
1.What we do this weekend
2. Which one should I choose You choose the red one。
Modal verbs for suggestion: shall, can, could
shall
can
1.shall用于一、三人称的疑问句，表征求建议或请求允许, 多与I或we连用。
2. “Can” “Could”能用来给出建议或提出问题的解决办法
Ability Teachers in particular can provide suggestions for interesting reading materials that can be found in the library or bookshop easily.
A book review can often tell you whether a book is worth reading or not.
_____you speak any foreign language
By the time she was eight, she _______ read Greek and Latin.
He fell into the river, but he swim to the bank.
Modal verbs for ability: can, could, be able to
could
was able to
Exploring the rules
Can
can表能够做某事（具备某种能力）；could主要指过去能够.
Be able to 则可以用于其他时态。
表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,相当于succeeding in doing=managed to do.不能用can/could。
Necessity … what books you ought to read.
However, you must also decide for yourself what kind of books to read.
You do not have to read a book just because everyone recommends it.
As a League member, you set a good example to your classmates.
You_______obey the rules, otherwise I would punish you.
It’s five o’clock. I _____________ leave now.
Modal verbs for necessity: should, ought to, must, have to
ought to (should)
must
have to
Exploring the rules
1. must表示“必须, 一定要”。肯定句中表说话人的主观看法。must 只有一般现在时。
2. have to 表示“不得不”，强调客观需要，有更多的时态形式。
3.should表义务, 意为“应该”（某件事宜做），用于各种人称；
4. Ought to→should→have to→must语气由弱到强
Possibility You might have asked yourself this question more than once.
These ideas should point you in the right direction.
… you may find yourself better able to seek out books to your taste …
—Where’s Rose
—I’m not sure. She be at home.
You haven’t eaten all day. You _________ be hungry.
I don’t believe it. It _________ (not) be true.
Wild dogs be dangerous.
Mary took dancing classes for years; she _________ be an excellent dancer.
Modal verbs for probability: may, might, could, can, should must
may/might/could
must
can’t
Exploring the rules
can
should
may/might/could：也许；大概；表示把握不大的推测
can表可能性或推断，用于肯定句中表常有的行为和情形，意为“有时会/可能”
can’t：不可能；推测的语气相当有把握
couldn’t：不可能；语气较委婉
should：很可能；应该…, 指按常理推测
must：肯定；准是；想必是
Applying the rules P49
B1 For the following groups of three sentences, tick the sentence which uses the modal verb differently from the other two.
a Can I keep the book for more than two weeks
b Nick can read more in an afternoon than I can in a week!
c Can Mary finish War and Peace in a month
a I am afraid I may be unable to finish this novel today.
b It may be difficult for people to agree on what good literature is.
c You may go to the library tomorrow afternoon, if you have time.
√
√
request
ability
ability
possibility
possibility
permission
√
√
Applying the rules
B1 For the following groups of three sentences, tick the sentence which uses the modal verb differently from the other two.
3. a I must finish writing the book review and hand it in before Wednesday.
b You must be tired after three hours’ reading.
c Students must develop the habit of reading classic literature.
4. a Henry should be reading books in the library.
b I have fifty dollars—that should be enough for three books.
c Reading English novels has greatly increased my vocabulary — you should try it too.
√
√
necessity
possibility
necessity
possibility
possibility
necessity
√
√
B2 Below is an entry in a student’s reading plete the entry with the correct model verbs in brackets.
When my English teacher suggested that I read Charles Dickens’s A Christmas Carol, I thought, “I (1) (can’t/shouldn’t) read this! It (2) (has to/must) be very boring.” Surprisingly, it turned out the exact opposite. I (3)
(could/might) not stop turning the pages!
The book’s main character is Scrooge, a rich but mean old man. He hates all kinds of celebrations. On Christmas eve, he is transported to different points in his life by three spirits. In the end, he reflects on these moments and realizes his mistakes. Then he decides that he (4) (might/must) change himself. On Christmas morning, he sends a large turkey to a poor man for Christmas dinner. He also tries to make his family and friends happy by spending time with them.
There is something that (5) (can/must) be learnt from A Christmas Carol: we (6) (should/may) treat others with kindness, generosity and love. I think everyone (7) (would/ought to) read this book.
can’t
must
could
must
can
should
ought to
3. In groups, make rules for your school library using modal verbs.
(1) What is a rule What modal verbs can be used to describe rules
Applying the rules
A rule is a statement explaining what someone can or cannot do in a particular system, game or situation.
(2) From what aspects would you like to give rules for your school library
Modal verbs that are used to describe permission or necessity: must, can, mustn’t, cannot.
Rules for the school library
Applying the rules
food
drinks
mobile phone
talking
school ID
library properties
borrowing books
protecting books
1. You must study quietly in the reading room.
2. You must not eat or drink in the library.
3. You can use the computers to find books in our library.
4.You can borrow two books at a time and keep them for as long as two weeks.
5.You must present your school ID when borrowing books.
6.You mustn’t steal or damage library properties such as books, periodicals, chairs and tables.
7. Mobile phones must be switched to “silent” mode.
8.You cannot play computer games on the computers provided.
9.All books and periodicals must be returned to the shelves after use.
Applying the rules
情态动词+have done的用法
情态动词+have done的用法
1. may/might + have done
表示对不太把握的过去情况的可能性推测，表示“可能/大概已经做了某事”。
﹡Tom may have gone to Shanghai, but I’m still not sure about it.
汤姆可能已经去了上海，但是我还不能肯定。
Translate：杰克没有准时来，他可能是错过了公交车。育
Jack didn’t come on time. He may/might have missed the bus.2
表示对过去发生的事情或行为比较有把握的推测、肯定的推断，译为
“一定做了某事；准是做了某事”等。否定意义用can’t/couldn’t have done表示。
﹡ The ground is rather wet, so it must have rained last night, didn’t it
地面很湿，所以昨晚一定下雨了，对不对？
Translate：
Since nobody gave him any help, he must have done the research on his own.
因为没有人给他提供帮助，他一定是自己完成了研究。育
2. must + have done
3. should/ought to + have done
表示过去本应该做却没有做的情况，表示说话人后悔、遗憾或责备的语气。
﹡I really regret wasting the hours when I should have studied hard.
我真的很后悔该努力学习的时候浪费了太多时间。
Translate：
—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.
—Oh, it’s too bad. You should have made preparations.
Instead you spent all your time playing computer games.
你本应该好好准备的，而你却用了所有的时间玩电脑游戏。
4. shouldn’t/oughtn’t to + have done
与前面的相反，shouldn’t /oughtn’t to + have done表示本不该做某事却已经做了，也表示说话人后悔或责备的语气。
﹡You shouldn’t have watched TV last night.
你们昨晚本不应该看电视的。
Translate：
I shouldn’t have watched that movie — it’ll give me horrible dreams.
我不该看那部电影的，它会让我晚上做噩梦的。
5. needn’t + have done
表示过去做了不必要的事，可译为“本可不必”等。
﹡ You needn’t have visited my uncle, as he has been all right for long.
其实你不必去探望我叔叔的，因为他已经痊愈了好长一段时间了。
Translate：
I needn’t have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are friendly to me.
在去新学校之前我本不必担心的，因为我的同学对我很友好。
6. could + have done
“本来可以/能够做却没做”，表示懊恼和惋惜。
﹡You could have done better，but you were too careless.
你本来能够做得更好，但你太粗心了。
Translate：
He could have escaped, but he chose to stand and fight.
他本可以逃跑的，但是他选择留下来战斗。
7. can’t/couldn’t + have done
是must have done 的否定式，表示“一定没有做过某事, 不可能做过某事 ”。
﹡Without your guidance, I couldn’t have spent such a happy time.
没有你的指导，我不可能度过如此愉快的时间。
﹡Mr Smith can’t have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.
史密斯先生不可能去北京了, 我刚才还在图书馆见过他。
Translate：
—Why are your eyes so red You can’t/couldn’t have slept well last night.
—Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.
为什么你的眼睛这么红？你昨晚一定没有睡好。
情态动词+have done的用法归纳
构成 意义
may/might have done “可能已经做了某事”
“一定做过某事”
“本应该做某事，却没做”
“本不应该做某事，却做了”
“本不必做某事, 却做了”
“过去本来能够做某事，却没做”
“过去不可能做某事”
must have done
should/ought to have done
shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done
needn’t have done
could have done
can’t/couldn’t have done
Books can enrich our life. Life without books is like a body without a soul.