Unit 4 Natural Disasters Vocabulary课件(共44张PPT)教版(2019)必修第一册

(共67张PPT)
Vocabulary
Unit 4
disaster
/ d zɑ st /
N-COUNT A disaster is a very bad accident such as an earthquake or a plane crash, especially one in which a lot of people are killed.
They had led the country into economic disaster.
灾难，灾害
tornado n. 龙卷风
drought n.旱灾；久旱
landslide n. 滑坡
tsunami n. 海啸
typhoon n. 台风
hurricane n. 飓风
flood n. 洪水
valcanic eruption
damage
/ d m d /
N Damage consists of the unpleasant effects that something has on a person, situation, or type of activity.
损害、破坏
V To damage something means to cause it to become less good, pleasant, or successful.
[例句]
The incident has damaged ______ his reputation..
The flood did a lot of damage to the crops.
Drinking and smoking can ____________(damage) your health.
for
[搭配] damage for sth. 对...造成损害
damage
destroy
/ d str /
摧毁; 毁灭
V To destroy someone means to ruin their life or to make their situation impossible to bear.
destruction n. 破坏、毁坏
destructive adj. 破坏性的、造成破坏的
[例句]
The strong earthquake left death and ________ behind it.
It is the most ___________ storm in 20 years.
destruction
destructive
ruin
/ ru n /
v 毁坏; 严重损害
V To ruin something means to severely harm, damage, or spoil it.
N The ruins of a building are the parts of it that remain after the rest has fallen down or been destroyed.
n 废墟;遗迹
in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
come/fall into ruin 严重受损；破败不堪；崩溃；垮掉
bring sth. to ruin 使.....失败；使......毁坏
ruin oneself 自取灭亡
ruin one's fame/health
[搭配]
[例句]
A large number of companies and buildings were in ______(ruin) after the explosion on August 12,2021.
If you 're addicted to (沉迷于）computer games, you'll ruin ________(you).
The rain _________(ruin) my painting.
ruins
yourself
ruined
辨析：damage、destroy、ruin
damage 通常指部分性损坏，往往暗示损坏后价值、效率、功能会降低。
destroy v 通常指彻底毁掉或毁灭，往往暗示无法或很难修复。
ruin 指彻底毁坏，破坏的原因通常指自然现象、年龄 疏忽等。
Eg.
The car was only slightly ____________in the accident.
My life was ___________ by the bad man.
The house was completely ___________ in the hurricane.
damaged
destroyed
ruined
rescue
N A rescue is an attempt to save someone from a dangerous or unpleasant situation.
营救、救援
V If you rescue someone, you get them out of a dangerous or unpleasant situation.
[例句]
The policeman ___________(rescue) the boy from __________(drawn).
His father came _______his rescue when his company went bankrupt.(破产的）
rescuer n. 救助者
rescued
[搭配] rescue sb./sth. from... 把某人/某物从...中营救出来
come to sb.'s rescue =rescue sb. 营救某人
drawning
to
evacuate
/ v kjue t /
V To evacuate someone means to send
them to a place of safety, away from a
dangerous building, town, or area.
撤离; 疏散;
evacuation n. 疏散；撤离；排泄
affect
/ fekt /
V If something affects a person
or thing, it influences them or causes them to change in. some way.
V 影响;使改变
V If a disease affects someone, it causes them to become ill.
be affected by... ....被........侵袭；被.......感动
effect n 影响
have an effect/influence on..... 对......有影响。
in effect 实际上
take effect 开始实行、开始生效
bring/put sth into effect 使某物开始使用。
come into effect 开始实施
[例句]
One of her lungs ____________ (affect) a little so that she has to rest.
I think the __________ (affect) patient needs to be isolated(隔离）
is affected
affected
shelter
/ elt (r) /
V If you shelter in a place, you stay there
and are protected from bad weather or danger.way.
V 保护;掩蔽
N A shelter is a small building or covered place which is made to protect people from bad weather or danger.
n 避难所;居所
under the shelter of 在.....的庇护下
provide shelter for... 为......提供庇护
give shelter to... 给予.....庇护的地方
[例句]
The church gave shelter_____ people on winter nights.
Though she was a common person, she___________________(shelter) by
the USA
to
was sheltered
[搭配]
shock
/ k/
V If something shocks you, it makes you feel very upset, because it involves death or suffering and because you had not expected it..
v 使震惊
shock
/ k/
n 震惊、令人震惊的事; 电击
N A shock is the same as an electric shock .
shocked adj 感到震惊的
shocking adj 令人震惊的
in shock 震惊、吃惊
to one’s shock= to one’s surprise 令某人震惊的是......
be shocked by/at... 对.....感到震惊
be shocked to do sth 震惊地做某事。
[搭配]
[例句]
It shocked ______(I) to see how they treated the miners.
I was shocked ___________(hear)that he was the champion .
Relief workers (救援人员）were shocked __________what they saw .
me
to hear
by
[例句]
They were trapped ________ the burning hotel.
By clever questioning they trapped him _____ making a confession.
他们用巧妙的提问诱使他招认了。
They trapped her into ___________(sign)a contact .
trap vt. 使落入险境
in
[搭配]
be trapped in/under... 被困在...中/下面；
trap sb. into (doing)... 骗某人（做）...
into
signing
trap n.险境；陷阱；圈套
[搭配]
fall/walk into a trap 掉进陷阱；落入圈套
set/lay a trap 设下陷阱/圈套
avoid the trap of doing sth 避开做某事的陷阱
[例句]
Once you fall into ______trap , it will not be easy to get out of it .
The young man had his car _________(trap) in the mud for two
hours before the rescue workers arrived .
When hiking in the mountain, he was accidentally trapped _____
a trap which was made for animals .
a
trapped
in
bury vt. 埋葬；安葬； 使专心；使陷入
[搭配]
bury one's head/face in one's hand 双手抱头/掩面
bury......in... 把......埋到.....里
bury oneself in.....=be buried in.... 埋头于，专心于.....
[例句]
She ________(bury)her face in her hands and cried.
_________(bury)in the newspaper, I didn't notice what was happening .
__________(bury)herself in work , she had no time to have fun.
Before __________(get)married ,she buried __________(her)in her work; after_________(get)married, she was buried _____her family . So she
joked that marriage __________(bury)her dream now and then .
buried
Buried
Burying
getting
herself
getting
in
buried
表示专心于.....的短语：
be lost in
devote oneself to=be devoted to
concentrate on
be absorbed in......
focus on........
His head was buried ______ the book he was reading.
in
breathe
/bri /
V- When people or animals breathe, they take air into their lungs and let it out again. When they breathe smoke or a particular kind of air, they take it into their lungs and let it out again as they breathe.
[例句]
If you exercise out of doors,your body will learn ______________(breath) more deeply .
I became out ________breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly .
breath n. 呼吸
[搭配] breathe in 吸气；吸入 breathe out 呼气；呼出
out of breath 运动后喘不过气来
hold one's breath 闭气；屏住呼吸
lose one's breath 喘不上起来
of
to breathe
[例句]
The flowers ______________(revive) in water in a week .
The national economy began___________( revive).
The causes of this revival were many and complex.
这次复兴的原因是复杂多样的。
revive vt. 复活；使苏醒
[搭配] revive from... 从...苏醒/复活
will revive
to revive
[同根词] revival n. 振兴；复苏
[例句]
These plants won't survive without sun .
Of the six people injured in the crash, only two survived.
Few buildings survived the big fire.
The old lady has survived all her children.
survive
vi. 生存
vi.存活
vt.幸免
vt.比...活（或存在）的时间长
As far as I know, the old man ______________(survive) the earthquake and he was the only __________(survive)of this village, but nobody knew how he __________(survive).Finally, he ___________(survive)his wife by ten years.
survival n. 幸存
survivor n. 幸存者
survived
survivor
survived
survived
suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受
[搭配]
suffer pain/defeat/loss/damage/poverty/punisment
suffer vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦；受折磨
[搭配]
suffer...from ...受...苦（+表示疾病的名词或表示造成不幸、痛苦的食物名词
[例句]
He often suffers from headaches, __________makes him easily ________(make)his temper .
He ______________(suffer) a lot of pain now .
He is suffering ________a bad cold .
which
make
is suffering
from
supply n. 补给品；供应量；补给
[搭配]
in short supply 供应不足
supply and demand 供求关系
supply vt. 供应；供给
[搭配]
supply sb. with sth =supply sth to sb. 向某人提供某物
offer sb sth= offer sth to sb
provide sth for sb=provide sb with sth
[例句]
They are at the end _______their food supply.
The government decided to supply the homeless _________houses.
The government decided____________(supply) houses________the homeless.
of
with
to supply
to
effort n. 努力，艰难的尝试；尽力
[搭配]
make an effort to do =make every effort to do sth
=make efforts to do sth. 尽一切努力做某事。
spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力的做某事
in an effort to do sth. 努力做某事、企图做某事
with effort 努力地
without effort 毫不费力地；容易地
The prisoner made an effort ___________(escape),but he couldn't climb the prison wall.
They spared no effort to improve people's life.
She took a deep breath and sat up slowly with great effort.
to escape
[例句]
[例句]
More than 170 people have died, and Many of them were swept ______by the floods .
She was left ____________(sweep)up after the party .
Did you sweep _______the closet last night
Give the room ______ good sweep .
sweep vt/vi 碰撞；撞击 n. 打扫；清扫；挥动
[搭配] sweep away 消灭；彻底消除 sweep up 打扫；清扫
sweep out 打扫干净；收拾干净
away
to sweep
out
a
[同根词] sweeps ---sweeping--swept ----swept
[例句]
My mother was crying as I _________(wave) goodbye to her.
He waved ______me when he saw me .
Huge waves were breaking _____the shore .
wave vt./vi 挥手；招手 n. 海浪；波浪
[搭配]
wave sb. goodbye=wave goodbye to sb. 向某人挥手道别
wave at/to sb. 向某人挥手（致意）
waved
at
on
[例句]
A truck went out of control and crashed______the back of a bus .
Many people died_______the train crash.
crash vt/vi 碰撞；砰击
[搭配] crash into 撞上；闯入
into
in
crash n. 撞车；碰撞
[例句]
He was breathing quickly and tried ___________(keep)calm .
In the heat of a debate he is able ___________(calm)himself down.
calm adj. 镇定地；沉着的
[搭配]
stay/keep/remain calm 保持镇定
to keep
to calm
[同根词]
calmly adv. 冷静地 calmness n. 沉着；冷静
calm vt. 使平静；使镇静
[搭配]
calm...down 使...平静下来
set up 设立；建立
set off 出发、动身
set out 出发、动身、开始
set about doing sth. 开始做某事。
-Have great changes taken place in your village
-Yes, a new school was set ______in the village.
We set about __________(paint) the whole house but finished only the front part that day.
up
painting
[例句]
come to an end 结束、终止
at the end of... 在......的尽头
by the end of... 到......末尾为止（常和完成时态连用）
in the end
come to an end的主语是物，不用于被动语态，若表示“使.....结束”，用bring sth to an end
The summer vocation came to an end at last
He managed to bring the terrible situation to an end.
nothing but 除.....外，什么也没有；只有；仅仅
anything but 绝不，根本不
I can do nothing but obey it.
He did nothing but sleep all day long.
I was anything but happy about going.
[例句]
dig out 掘出；发现
dig into 挖掘；深入钻研
dig up=find out 找到；查明真相
I must remember to dig ______ that book for you .
out
[例句]
carry out 执行、实施；实现；完成
carry off 夺走
carry on 继续
carry through 把......进行到底
[例句]
You look as if you didn' t care．
He talks as if he knew where she was．
He talks about Rome as if he had been there before．
He opened his mouth as if he would say something．
as if 似乎；好像；仿佛
如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。
从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”
从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would／could／might＋动词原形”
[例句]
The covering of forestry in our town is 60 percent.
Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.
percent n. 百分之...
adj. 每一百中
[同根词] percentage n.百分比；百分数；百分率
[例句]
The new leader hopes to unify the country.
England and Scotland do not have a unified legal system.
unify vi/vt. 统一；使成一体
[例句]
We grow in wisdom as we grow older.
A flow of words is no proof of wisdom.
She is crowned with wisdom by nature.
wisdom n. 智慧；才智
[例句]
He always provides a context that makes his characters believable.
You can always tell the meaning of a word from its context.
context n.上下文；语境；背景
[例句]
Violence has erupted on the streets.
An active volcano may erupt at any time.
erupt vt.（火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟）喷出
[同根词] eruption n. 爆发；喷发；火山灰
[例句]
We had a party in the open air yesterday.
in the open air 露天；在户外
[同根词] open n.户外；空旷
[例句]
She left the tap on and the bath ran over.
The police had put a tap on his phone line.
He felt a tap on his shoulder.
That girl tapped her fingers on the desk impatiently.
My phone is being tapped.
He tapped on his desk .
tap vi/vt 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍
n.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
n.水龙头
n.窃听器
n.轻拍
n.轻敲
vt.窃听
vt.轻敲
[例句]
The workers are laying pipes under the road.
pipe n. 管子；管道
[同根词] piper n. 管道工；吹笛者
[例句]
The whistle goes at the end of the match.
He whistled to his friend to keep hidden.
whistle vi 吹口哨；发出笛声 vt.吹口哨
n.勺子声；呼啸声
[例句]
Ring the bell in an emergency.
emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况
[例句]
A dictionary is an invaluable aid in learning a new language.
This new medicine may aid your recovery.
aid n. 援助；帮助；救援物资
vt./vi 帮助；援助
[例句]
The plumber lost his kit on the way home.
kit n. 成套工具；成套设备
[同根词] first aid kit 急救箱
Thank you!