第6讲 词形转换
● 高考链接
1.self-awareness 考查形容词向名词转化。作介词of的宾语,应用名词self-awareness。a sense of self-awareness表示“自我意识”。故填self-awareness。
2.visibility 考查形容词向名词转化。形容词international后接名词形式,visibility“知名度,关注程度”为不可数名词,作宾语。故填visibility。
3.warning 考查动词向名词转化。根据前文的a和形容词weighty可知用单数名词warning。故填warning。
4.arrival 考查动词向名词转化。作介词before的宾语,应用名词形式。故填arrival。
5.protection 考查动词向名词转化。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知,此处用名词protection,作宾语。故填protection。
● 实战演练
Ⅰ.1.introduction 考查词形转换。空格前有定冠词the,后有介词of,故此处用introduce的名词形式introduction,表示“引进,采用”。故填introduction。
2.disappointed 考查词形转换。and连接并列成分,空格处和前面的anxious并列,表示人的内心活动,应使用-ed形式的形容词,此处表示“他们中的有些人看起来非常焦虑和失望”。故填disappointed。
3.Recently 考查词形转换。空格处修饰整个句子,作状语,故填Recently。
4.celebration 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处与a wedding 并列,故此处应填名词celebration。
5.permission 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知,此处用名词permission作宾语,且不可数。故填permission。
6.dangerous 考查词形转换。修饰名词goods,要用形容词dangerous作定语,表示“危险的”。 故填dangerous。
7.interested 考查词形转换。空格处在句中作宾语their students的补语,故用形容词interested,表示“感兴趣的”。故填interested。
8.achievements 考查词形转换。空格处在从句中作主语,要用名词形式,根据are可知主语是复数,故填achievements。
9.shortage 考查词形转换。空前有冠词a修饰,空处应该填名词,且应该是单数名词,故填shortage。
10.choices 考查词形转换。空格前的flexible是形容词,空格处应填名词;choice在此处为可数名词,表示“更多灵活的选择”,故填choices。
Ⅱ.【文章大意】 本文是说明文。文章说明了中国油纸伞的历史、制作材料、设计风格、象征意义以及其在全球的影响。
1.to discover 考查非谓语动词。此处是固定搭配manage to do sth,意为“设法做成某事”。故填to discover。
2.creation 考查名词。空前是定冠词,空处应填名词作宾语,create的名词形式是creation。故填creation。
3.were viewed 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。空处为本句谓语,view和主语oil-paper umbrellas之间是被动关系,用被动语态,根据时间状语in the past可知,用一般过去时,主语为复数,be动词用were。故填were viewed。
4.while 考查并列连词。根据句意和语境可知,此处指“皇室成员使用黄色或红色的伞,而富裕的人则使用蓝色的伞”,这里需要用一个连词来表示两者之间的对比关系。在英文中,while是一个常用的表示对比的连词,用于连接两个表示对比的句子。故填while。
5.an 考查冠词。此处是固定搭配play an important role,意为“起着重要的作用”。故填an。
6.presented 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词are,所以present用非谓语形式,present和逻辑主语items之间是被动关系,用过去分词表被动。故填presented。
7.for 考查介词。此处是固定搭配wish for,意为“希望得到”。故填for。
8.such 考查固定句型。此处是固定句型such+名词+that,意为“如此……以至于”。故填such。
9.elegantly 考查副词。空处修饰空后的形容词,用副词。故填elegantly。
10.passers-by 考查名词复数。passer-by意为“路人”,为可数名词,根据句意可知,用复数形式。故填passers-by。/ 第6讲 词形转换/
● 单句填空
1.[2024·北京卷] Taking the time to rest allows us to develop a deeper sense of (self-aware).
2.[2024·新课标Ⅱ卷] Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers.
3.[2023·全国甲卷] However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty (warn) about environmental destruction.
4.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] Since June 2017, right before the (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo…
5.[2022·全国甲卷] Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental (protect).
规则1 动词转化名词的后缀
后缀 例词
-ion/-tion/ -sion/ -ation correct→correction改正 celebrate→celebration庆祝;庆祝活动 attract→attraction吸引 conclude→conclusion结论;结束 discuss→discussion讨论;论述 decide→decision决定 admit→admission承认;准许加入 invite→invitation邀请 explain→explanation解释 graduate→graduation毕业 expect→expectation期望
-er/-or drive→driver司机,驾驶员 gather→gatherer收集者,采集者 teach→teacher老师 announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥;售票员
-ment punish→punishment惩罚 achieve→achievement功绩;成就 argue→argument辩论;论据 treat→treatment对待;治疗 equip→equipment装备;设备 govern→government政府
(续表)
后缀 例词
-ance/-ence appear→appearance出现;外貌 guide→guidance指引;指导 perform→performance表演;表现 exist→existence存在;生活 prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考,查阅
-ure/-ture fail→failure失败;倒闭 press→pressure压力 depart→departure离开;出发 mix→mixture混合;混合物
-ing hear→hearing听力,听觉 begin→beginning开始
-y recover→recovery恢复,痊愈 discover→discovery发现
其他 choose→choice选择 vary→variety多样化;种类 tend→tendency趋向,趋势
规则2 形容词转化名词的后缀
后缀 例词
-age short→shortage不足,短缺
-cy efficient→efficiency效率;功效 fluent→fluency流利,流畅 accurate→accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私,私密
-dom free→freedom自由 wise→wisdom明智;智慧
-ence different→difference差异 silent→silence沉默
(续表)
后缀 例词
-ness weak→weakness虚弱;弱点 kind→kindness仁慈;友好 careless→carelessness粗心大意
-th strong→strength力气;优势 warm→warmth温暖;热情
-y/-ty/-ity honest→honesty诚实 difficult→difficulty困难 safe→safety安全 disable→disability缺陷;伤残 responsible→responsibility责任
规则3 名词、动词转化形容词的后缀
后缀 例词
-able accept→acceptable可接受的 comfort→comfortable舒适的 fashion→fashionable时髦的 suit→suitable合适的 reason→reasonable合理的
-al music→musical音乐的 origin→original最初的 centre→central中央的,中心的 person→personal个人的,私人的 nature→natural自然的;天生的
-ful doubt→doubtful怀疑的 forget→forgetful健忘的 harm→harmful有害的 hope→hopeful有希望的 peace→peaceful和平的
-ed scare→scared感到恐惧的 confuse→confused感到困惑的 interest→interested感兴趣的
-ing surprise→surprising令人吃惊的 convince→convincing令人信服的 satisfy→satisfying令人满意的
-ible access→accessible可接近的 horror→horrible可恶的,恐怖的 terror→terrible可怕的
-ive act→active积极的;活跃的 effect→effective有效的;生效的 attract→attractive有吸引力的 impress→impressive给人深刻印象的
(续表)
后缀 例词
-ous continue→continuous不断的,持续的 anxiety→anxious忧虑的 caution→cautious小心的,谨慎的 curiosity→curious好奇的 humour→humorous幽默的
-some tire→tiresome令人厌倦的 trouble→troublesome麻烦的
-y taste→tasty美味的,可口的 health→healthy健康的 wealth→wealthy富裕的,富有的
-ern east→eastern东方的,向东的
-ish child→childish孩子气的 fool→foolish愚蠢的 self→selfish自私的
[温馨提示] -ed形容词多表示主语所处的状态,意为“感到……的”;-ing形容词多表示主语所具有的特征,意为“令人……的”。
规则4 形容词变副词的规则
类别 例词
直接加-ly clear→clearly清楚地 great→greatly很,大大地
以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词,变y为i再加-ly(shy例外shyly) happy→happily高兴地 heavy→heavily沉重地
词尾为ble/le的形容词,去掉e,再加-y(whole例外wholly) terrible→terribly非常,极度地 gentle→gently轻柔地
词尾为ue的形容词,去掉e,再加-ly true→truly真实地
词尾为ll的形容词,直接加-y full→fully充分地;完全地 dull→dully迟钝地
词尾为ic的形容词,加-ally(public例外publicly) basic→basically主要地,基本上 scientific→scientifically合乎科学地
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.This development was only possible with the (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.
2.There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and (disappoint).
3. (recent), caffeine has found its way into orange, apple, and other flavoured drinks.
4.If you are invited to any special occasion such as a wedding or a (celebrate), you will have to be appropriately dressed.
5.It’s illegal to read other people’s private letters without (permit).
6.Medicine and (danger) goods should not be kept where they are accessible to children.
7.Teachers must try their best to make their students (interest) in the subject.
8.When China’s ancient scientific and technological (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.
9.There is a (short) of well qualified teachers of foreign languages, especially of French and Japanese.
10.Girls are luckier than boys; they have more flexible (choose) than boys.
●Ⅱ 语法填空
[2024·山西临汾高三适应性训练]
Shortly after the silk and feather umbrellas became popular in China, their manufacturers managed 1. (discover) a new kind of material from wood paper, enabling the 2. (create) of highly stylized, decorative and lightweight umbrellas.
It was believed that in addition to providing protection from sun and limited protection from rain, oil-paper umbrellas 3. (view) as symbols of wealth and power in the past. During the height of umbrella popularity in China, you could easily recognize the owners by the designs and colours of their umbrellas—royal family members used yellow or red colours, 4. the wealthy carried blue. Even in today’s Chinese and Japanese society, umbrellas play 5. important role. They are one of the most essential items 6. (present) to newly-wed brides, symbolizing blessing, protection from evil spirits and wishes 7. more babies.
There was no denying that the beauty of the Chinese paper umbrellas had 8. an impact on worldwide trends that their 9. (elegant) crafted materials and their canopy designs showcasing dragons, flowers, and landscapes quickly travelled via trade routes to distant Europe. Paper umbrellas today represent one of the best-known traditional Chinese exports, with businessmen selling them to 10. (passer-by) on streets worldwide. (共39张PPT)
/ 第6讲 词形转换 /
高考链接
考点解读
实战演练
答案速查【听】
单句填空
1.[2024·北京卷] Taking the time to rest allows us to develop a
deeper sense of ______________(self-aware).
self-awareness
[解析] 考查形容词向名词转化。作介词of的宾语，应用名词self-
awareness。a sense of self-awareness表示“自我意识”。故填self-
awareness。
2.［2024·新课标Ⅱ卷］Those cultural elements have increased
Stratford's international ________(visible), said Edmondson,
adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were
often amazed to find the connection between the two great
writers.
visibility
[解析] 考查形容词向名词转化。形容词international后接名词形式，
visibility“知名度，关注程度”为不可数名词，作宾语。故填visibility。
3.[2023·全国甲卷] However, Carson's theme is a more weighty
_________(warn) about environmental destruction.
warning
[解析] 考查动词向名词转化。根据前文的a和形容词weighty可知用
单数名词warning。故填warning。
4.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] Since June 2017, right before the
_______(arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao
Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo…
arrival
[解析] 考查动词向名词转化。作介词before的宾语,应用名词形式。
故填arrival。
5.[2022·全国甲卷] Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the
road, in order to promote environmental ___________(protect).
protection
[解析] 考查动词向名词转化。根据句意和空前的形容词
environmental可知,此处用名词protection,作宾语。故填protection。
规则1 动词转化名词的后缀
后缀 例词
-ion/-tion/ -sion/-ation correct→correction改正
celebrate→celebration庆祝;庆祝活动
attract→attraction吸引
conclude→conclusion结论;结束
后缀 例词
-ion/-tion/ -sion/-ation discuss→discussion讨论;论述
decide→decision决定
admit→admission承认;准许加入
invite→invitation邀请
explain→explanation解释
graduate→graduation毕业
expect→expectation期望
续表
后缀 例词
-er/-or drive→driver司机,驾驶员
gather→gatherer收集者,采集者
teach→teacher老师
announce→announcer广播员
conduct→conductor指挥;售票员
续表
后缀 例词
-ment punish→punishment惩罚
achieve→achievement功绩;成就
argue→argument辩论;论据
treat→treatment对待;治疗
equip→equipment装备;设备
govern→government政府
续表
后缀 例词
-ance/-ence appear→appearance出现;外貌
guide→guidance指引;指导
perform→performance表演;表现
exist→existence存在;生活
prefer→preference偏爱
refer→reference参考,查阅
续表
后缀 例词
-ure/-ture fail→failure失败;倒闭
press→pressure压力
depart→departure离开;出发
mix→mixture混合;混合物
-ing hear→hearing听力,听觉
begin→beginning开始
续表
后缀 例词
-y recover→recovery恢复,痊愈
discover→discovery发现
其他 choose→choice选择
vary→variety多样化;种类
tend→tendency趋向,趋势
续表
规则2 形容词转化名词的后缀
后缀 例词
-age short→shortage不足,短缺
-cy efficient→efficiency效率;功效
fluent→fluency流利,流畅
accurate→accuracy准确性
private→privacy隐私,私密
后缀 例词
-dom free→freedom自由
wise→wisdom明智;智慧
-ence different→difference差异
silent→silence沉默
-ness weak→weakness虚弱;弱点
kind→kindness仁慈;友好
careless→carelessness粗心大意
续表
后缀 例词
-th strong→strength力气;优势
warm→warmth温暖;热情
-y/-ty/-ity honest→honesty诚实
difficult→difficulty困难
safe→safety安全
disable→disability缺陷;伤残
responsible→responsibility责任
续表
规则3 名词、动词转化形容词的后缀
后缀 例词
-able accept→acceptable可接受的
comfort→comfortable舒适的
fashion→fashionable时髦的
suit→suitable合适的
reason→reasonable合理的
后缀 例词
-al music→musical音乐的
origin→original最初的
centre→central中央的,中心的
person→personal个人的,私人的
nature→natural自然的;天生的
续表
后缀 例词
-ful doubt→doubtful怀疑的
forget→forgetful健忘的
harm→harmful有害的
hope→hopeful有希望的
peace→peaceful和平的
-ed scare→scared感到恐惧的
confuse→confused感到困惑的
interest→interested感兴趣的
续表
后缀 例词
-ing surprise→surprising令人吃惊的
convince→convincing令人信服的
satisfy→satisfying令人满意的
-ible access→accessible可接近的
horror→horrible可恶的,恐怖的
terror→terrible可怕的
续表
后缀 例词
-ive act→active积极的;活跃的
effect→effective有效的;生效的
attract→attractive有吸引力的
impress→impressive给人深刻印象的
-ous continue→continuous不断的,持续的
anxiety→anxious忧虑的
caution→cautious小心的,谨慎的
curiosity→curious好奇的
humour→humorous幽默的
续表
后缀 例词
-some tire→tiresome令人厌倦的
trouble→troublesome麻烦的
-y taste→tasty美味的,可口的
health→healthy健康的
wealth→wealthy富裕的,富有的
-ern east→eastern东方的,向东的
-ish child→childish孩子气的
fool→foolish愚蠢的
self→selfish自私的
续表
［温馨提示］ -ed形容词多表示主语所处的状态,意为“感到……的”;-
ing形容词多表示主语所具有的特征,意为“令人……的”。
规则4 形容词变副词的规则
类别 例词
直接加-ly clear→clearly清楚地
great→greatly很,大大地
以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词, 变y为i再加-ly(shy例外shyly) happy→happily高兴地
heavy→heavily沉重地
类别 例词
词尾为ble/le的形容词,去掉e, 再加-y(whole例外wholly) terrible→terribly非常,极度地
gentle→gently轻柔地
词尾为ue的形容词,去掉e,再加 -ly true→truly真实地
词尾为ll的形容词,直接加-y full→fully充分地;完全地
dull→dully迟钝地
词尾为ic的形容词,加- ally(public例外publicly) basic→basically主要地,基本上
scientific→scientifically合乎科学地
续表
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.This development was only possible with the ____________
(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.
introduction
[解析] 考查词形转换。空格前有定冠词the,后有介词of,故此处用
introduce的名词形式introduction,表示“引进,采用”。故填introduction。
2.There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some
of them looked very anxious and _____________(disappoint).
disappointed
[解析] 考查词形转换。and连接并列成分,空格处和前面的anxious并
列,表示人的内心活动,应使用-ed形式的形容词,此处表示“他们中的有
些人看起来非常焦虑和失望”。故填disappointed。
3._________(recent), caffeine has found its way into orange,
apple, and other flavoured drinks.
Recently
[解析] 考查词形转换。空格处修饰整个句子,作状语,故填Recently。
4.If you are invited to any special occasion such as a wedding
or a___________(celebrate), you will have to be appropriately
dressed.
celebration
[解析] 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处与a wedding 并列,
故此处应填名词celebration。
5.It's illegal to read other people's private letters without
___________(permit).
permission
[解析] 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知,此处用名词permission作
宾语,且不可数。故填permission。
6.Medicine and ___________(danger) goods should not be kept
where they are accessible to children.
dangerous
[解析] 考查词形转换。修饰名词goods,要用形容词dangerous作定语,
表示“危险的”。 故填dangerous。
7.Teachers must try their best to make their students
__________(interest) in the subject.
interested
[解析] 考查词形转换。空格处在句中作宾语their students的补语,故
用形容词interested,表示“感兴趣的”。故填interested。
8.When China's ancient scientific and technological ____________
(achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the
Four Great Inventions.
achievements
[解析] 考查词形转换。空格处在从句中作主语,要用名词形式,根据
are可知主语是复数,故填achievements。
9.There is a _________(short) of well qualified teachers of
foreign languages, especially of French and Japanese.
shortage
[解析] 考查词形转换。空前有冠词a修饰,空处应该填名词,且应该是
单数名词,故填shortage。
10.Girls are luckier than boys; they have more flexible
________(choose) than boys.
choices
[解析] 考查词形转换。空格前的flexible是形容词,空格处应填名
词;choice在此处为可数名词,表示“更多灵活的选择”,故填choices。
Ⅱ 语法填空
[2024·山西临汾高三适应性训练]
Shortly after the silk and feather umbrellas became popular
in China, their manufacturers managed 1.____________(discover)
a new kind of material from wood paper, enabling the
2._________(create) of highly stylized, decorative and lightweight
umbrellas.
It was believed that in addition to providing protection from
sun and limited protection from rain, oil-paper umbrellas
to discover
creation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3._____________(view) as symbols of wealth and power in the
past. During the height of umbrella popularity in China, you
could easily recognize the owners by the designs and colours of
their umbrellas—royal family members used yellow or red
colours, 4.______ the wealthy carried blue. Even in today's
Chinese and Japanese society, umbrellas play 5.____ important
role. They are one of the most essential items
6.__________(present) to newly-wed brides, symbolizing blessing,
protection from evil spirits and wishes 7.____ more babies.
were viewed
while
an
presented
for
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
There was no denying that the beauty of the Chinese paper
umbrellas had 8.______ an impact on worldwide trends that
their 9._________(elegant) crafted materials and their canopy
designs showcasing dragons, flowers, and landscapes quickly
travelled via trade routes to distant Europe. Paper umbrellas
today represent one of the best-known traditional Chinese
exports, with businessmen selling them to 10.___________
(passer-by) on streets worldwide.
【文章大意】本文是说明文。文章说明了中国油纸伞的历史、制作
材料、设计风格、象征意义以及其在全球的影响。
such
elegantly
passers-by
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1.____________
to discover
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处是固定搭配manage to do sth，意为
“设法做成某事”。故填to discover。
2._________
creation
[解析] 考查名词。空前是定冠词，空处应填名词作宾语，create的
名词形式是creation。故填creation。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3._____________
were viewed
[解析] 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。空处为本句谓语，view和
主语oil-paper umbrellas之间是被动关系，用被动语态，根据时间状
语in the past可知，用一般过去时，主语为复数，be动词用were。
故填were viewed。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4.______
while
[解析] 考查并列连词。根据句意和语境可知，此处指“皇室成员使用
黄色或红色的伞，而富裕的人则使用蓝色的伞”，这里需要用一个连
词来表示两者之间的对比关系。在英文中，while是一个常用的表示
对比的连词，用于连接两个表示对比的句子。故填while。
5.____
an
[解析] 考查冠词。此处是固定搭配play an important role，意为“起
着重要的作用”。故填an。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
6.__________
presented
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词are，所以present用非谓
语形式，present和逻辑主语items之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被
动。故填presented。
7.____
for
[解析] 考查介词。此处是固定搭配wish for，意为“希望得到”。故填
for。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8.______
such
[解析] 考查固定句型。此处是固定句型such+名词+that，意为“如
此……以至于”。故填such。
9._________
elegantly
[解析] 考查副词。空处修饰空后的形容词，用副词。故填elegantly。
10.___________
passers-by
[解析] 考查名词复数。passer-by意为“路人”，为可数名词，根据句
意可知，用复数形式。故填passers-by。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
听课手册
语法专题 词法和句法
专题二 易“变形”的名词、数词、形容词和副词
/ 第6讲 词形转换 /
高考链接
单句填空
1.self-awareness 2.visibility 3.warning 4.arrival 5.protection
实战演练
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.introduction 2.disappointed 3.Recently 4.celebration
5.permission 6.dangerous 7.interested 8.achievements
9.shortage 10.choices
Ⅱ 语法填空
1.to discover 2.creation 3.were viewed 4.while 5.an
6.presented 7.for 8.such 9.elegantly 10.passers-by
