第8讲 介词
● 高考链接
1.as 考查介词。根据句意可知,玻璃温室是当代设计的一项伟大成就,Glasshouse“作为”一项伟大成就而存在,应用介词as。故填as。
2.to 考查介词。固定短语be similar to意为“和……相似”,符合句意。故填to。
3.for 考查介词。结合句意可知,这里用介词for表目的,表示“为了这个国家的所有人都能欣赏”。 故填for。
4.to 考查介词。think to oneself为固定搭配,表示“心想,暗想”。故填to。
5.by 考查介词。此处考查短语by hand,意为“用手”。故填by。
6.for 考查介词。根据句意可知,此处考查短语take responsibility for…,意为“对……负责任”。故填for。
● 实战演练
Ⅰ.1.in 考查介词。根据句意可知,表示“在某个朝代”应用介词in。故填in。
2.by 考查介词。“increase by+数值”表示“增长了多少”,故填by。
3.for 考查介词。固定词组“buy sth for+价格”表示“以什么价格购买某物”。 故填for。
4.on 考查介词。结合句意可知,此处表示“在世界上”,短语为on earth。故填on。
5.of/for 考查介词。method of/for doing sth意为“……的方法”,为固定搭配。故填of/for。
6.Among/Of 考查介词。根据句意可知,空格处意为“在……中”,应用among/of,单词位于句首,首字母大写,故填Among/Of。
7.to 考查介词。固定搭配change from…to…“从……变成……”。故填to。
8.about 考查介词。此处是指关于“我”的饮食和生活方式的问题,应用介词about表示“关于”。故填about。
Ⅱ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了修复陶瓷的聂超的故事。
1.originally 考查副词。修饰动词,用副词originally作状语。故填originally。
2.The 考查冠词。特指“修复的花瓶”,用定冠词the,单词位于句首,首字母大写。故填The。
3.was held 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。主语competition是单数,与谓语hold为被动关系,且根据in September 2021可知,本句为一般过去时的被动语态。故填was held。
4.fifth 考查序数词。表示“第五代”,用序数词fifth。故填fifth。
5.bringing 考查非谓语动词。空处用动名词作宾语,与上文的preserving并列。故填bringing。
6.better 考查比较级。even修饰比较级。故填better。
7.broken 考查形容词。空处作定语修饰名词,用形容词broken。故填broken。
8.but/yet 考查连词。根据句意可知,前后句为转折关系。故填but/yet。
9.over 考查介词。have one advantage over为固定短语,意为“比……有优势”。 故填over。
10.appearance 考查名词。空处作宾语,用名词appearance。故填appearance。/ 第8讲 介词/
● 单句填空
1.[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷] The Glasshouse stands a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route…
2.[2024·新课标Ⅱ卷] I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion(《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways Romeo and Juliet.
3.[2024·全国甲卷] This area, with … unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.
4.[2024·北京卷] I thought myself, “Why would he carry all his books ”
5.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] There, you’ll find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup—and the wrappers are pressed hand rather than rolled.
6.[2023·全国甲卷] She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility saving their environment.
考点一 介词的基本用法和区别
常用介词in,on,for,with,of,as,to,beyond,across等含义较多,应全面把握。
表示时间 用法与区别 例句
at,in,on at表示在某一具体时刻、某时间点;in表示在一段较长的时间;on表示在特定的日子、具体的日期、星期及节日等。 at seven o’clock 在七点钟 in the evening在晚上 on a rainy day在一个下雨天
during,in 二者都表示“在一段时间内”。但during更强调时间的延续,可以表示在一段时间内自始至终的状态;当需要准确说明动作发生的具体时间时则用in。 during/in summer 在夏天 during the whole month整整一个月
in,after 二者后都可接时间段,表示“……之后”。 in通常用来表示某个事件将在未来的某段时间内发生,强调的是一个时间段或时间框架;after用于表示某个事件发生在另一个事件之后,通常强调的是时间的顺序。这两者在时间表达上有不同的侧重点,使用时要根据具体的语境来选择。 My father will be back in two weeks. 我父亲两周后回来。 She will never forget the moment when she saw all the audience clapping their hands and cheering after her performance. 她永远不会忘记在她的表演结束后,看到所有观众鼓掌欢呼的那一刻。
(续表)
表示时间 用法与区别 例句
for,since for后接表示一段时间的单词或短语,since后接表示某一具体时间点的单词或短语。由for 短语或 since 短语作时间状语的句子常用完成时态或完成进行时态。 I have been learning English for over 20 years. 我学英语二十多年了。 I have lived here since last year. 自从去年我就住在这里。
before,by 二者都可表示“在……之前”,但by含有“最晚不迟于……,到……为止”的意思。如果by后是表示将来的时间,则与将来时或将来完成时连用,如果是表示过去的时间,则与过去完成时连用。 I will be back before supper time. 晚饭前我会回来。 Supper will be ready by 6 pm. 晚饭将在6点之前准备好。(包括6点)
by,until by表示到什么时候为止动作已经完成,而until表示动作持续到什么时候。在终止性动词作谓语的否定句式中,二者通用。 Can you repair my bike by Friday 星期五之前你能修好我的自行车吗 The work won’t be finished by/until tomorrow. 这项工作明天才能完成。
表示方位、 空间 用法与区别 例句
over, above, on over 主要强调覆盖某一物体或在某一物体的正上方;above强调在上方,但不一定在正上方,而且还可指温度、海拔等刻度“在……之上”;on表示接触或由某一表面支撑着,意为“在……上面”。 The bridge over the river has a long history. 河上的这座桥有很长的历史了。 The plane flew above the clouds. 飞机在云层上面飞过。 With an important meeting to attend, Mr Brown hurried to the office, with the food on the table untouched. 由于要参加一个重要会议,布朗先生匆匆赶到办公室,桌上的食物一丝没动。
under, below, beneath under强调在某一物体的正下方,是over的反义词;below指在下方,但不一定是正下方,是above的反义词;beneath表示“在……之下”,常与below互换,但 below较常用,beneath多用于正式文体中。 She placed the ladder under the window. 她把梯子放在窗户下面。 Please do not write below this line. 请不要写到这条线下面。
between, among between一般用于两者之间,也可用于三者或三者以上,此时强调每两者之间的关系或某物体与一组特定的可分离的事物之间的关系;among常用于三者或三者以上,指数目不确定的事物之间。 The house stands between two farms. 这座房子位于两个农场之间。 The village lies among hills. 这个村庄位于群山之中。
across, through, past, over across 强调穿过某一平面;through强调从某一空间内通过;past强调从某事物的一旁经过;over强调从一边到另一边或越过某一高度。 Be careful enough while walking across the street. 过马路时务必小心。 Walk through the gate and you’ll see the restroom. 穿过大门你就会看到洗手间。 We drove past the Great Hall of the People. 我们开车经过人民大会堂。 They ran over the grass. 他们跑过草地。
(续表)
表示 “用……” 用法与区别 例句
with,by,in with多指用工具、身体的某部位或器官;by指使用方法、手段;in指使用某种语言或材料等。 What can I cut the cake with 我可以用什么切蛋糕 We could take the train or alternatively go by car. 我们可以坐火车,也可以坐汽车。 He made the speech in English. 他用英语做演讲。 Don’t write it in pencil. Write it in ink, please. 不要用铅笔写,请用墨水写。
考点二 介词的固定搭配
1.与介词at搭配的常用短语
at night在夜里 at the cinema在电影院
at breakfast在吃早饭时 at home在家里
at work在上班 at school在上学
at the moment此刻 at Christmas在圣诞节
at no time决不 at one time一度,曾经
2.与介词in搭配的常用短语
in danger 处于危险之中 in a minute一会儿之后
in the way妨碍,挡路 in a way在某种程度上
in no way决不 in general通常,大体上
in detail详细地 in turn轮流
in return作为回报 in need处于困难中的
3.与介词by搭配的常用短语
by accident偶然地, 意外地
by air乘飞机
by birth在血统上;生来
by chance偶然地,无意中
by comparison比较起来
by contrast对比之下
by design故意地,蓄意地
by hand手工制的,(信)由专人送的
by mistake错误地
4.与介词for 搭配的常用短语
for company陪着
for ever永远
for example/instance例如
for fun为了好玩
for long长久
for short简称
5.与介词on 搭配的常用短语
on time按时 on guard在值勤
on business办事,出差 on holiday在度假
on strike 在罢工 on display展示,陈列
on average平均起来,按平均数计算
6.其他常考短语
be absent from缺席,不在
be angry about为……生气
according to根据
be bored with对……厌烦
instead of而不是
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.It was built originally to protect the city
the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored.
2.The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 2.1 in women and men.
3.In 1844 they bought it $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser…
4.The artist was finally humbled by the greatest artist earth, Mother Nature.
5.Modern methods tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.
6. the dozens of LEED-certified buildings in Taiwan, Taipei 101 is the most notable recipient.
7.It has long been a dream for the Lao people to see their country change from a landlocked country a “land-linked one”.
8.After taking my pulse, looking at my tongue, and asking a few questions my diet and lifestyle, the acupuncturist correctly reasoned that I was worn out.
●Ⅱ 语法填空 [2024·福建三明高三三模]
A zipper runs along a 40-centimetre-tall porcelain vase with its top slightly open. The art piece, not 1. (original) designed that way, has been repaired by Nie Chao. 2. repaired vase won Nie the new talent award at the Baihe Cup, an art and craft design and innovation competition, where more than 3,000 pieces or sets of work were shown. The competition 3. (hold) during the second edition of the China Arts and Crafts Expo in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, in September 2021.
As the 4. (five) generation inheritor of his family’s ceramic-repair skills, Nie has devoted himself to better preserving them, as well as 5. (bring) traditional Chinese engraving skills and modern art designs to the mix. Nie’s father and grandfather were focused on fixing porcelain items to restore their functionality. Nie has taken it a step further as he tries to make the repaired items look even 6. (good). For example, when mending the 7. (break) cover of a teacup, Nie could have just added a couple of metal staples(订书钉) to reconnect the pieces, 8. he decided to create a bamboo pattern on it.
Nie says handmade things have one advantage 9. mass-produced items, in that each is unique. Mending ceramics not only restores the 10. (appear) and functionality of a ware but also preserves its historical and cultural value. (共38张PPT)
/ 第8讲 介词 /
高考链接
考点解读
实战演练
答案速查【听】
单句填空
1.［2024·新课标Ⅰ卷］The Glasshouse stands ____ a great
achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the
southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯)
the steps along the Silk Route…
as
[解析] 考查介词。根据句意可知,玻璃温室是当代设计的一项伟大成
就,Glasshouse“作为”一项伟大成就而存在,应用介词as。故填as。
2.［2024·新课标Ⅱ卷］I happen to know that Tang's play The
Peony Pavilion(《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ____ Romeo
and Juliet.
to
[解析] 考查介词。固定短语be similar to意为“和……相似”,符合句
意。故填to。
3.[2024·全国甲卷] This area, with … unique and breathtaking
natural beauty, must be well preserved ____ all people of the
nation to enjoy—as a national park.
for
[解析] 考查介词。结合句意可知,这里用介词for表目的,表示“为了这
个国家的所有人都能欣赏”。 故填for。
4.[2024·北京卷] I thought ____ myself, “Why would he carry all
his books ”
to
[解析] 考查介词。think to oneself为固定搭配，表示“心想，暗想”。
故填to。
5.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] There, you'll find them prepared
differently—more dumpling and less soup—and the wrappers
are pressed ____ hand rather than rolled.
by
[解析] 考查介词。此处考查短语by hand,意为“用手”。故填by。
6.[2023·全国甲卷] She warns of the environmental dangers facing
society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility
____ saving their environment.
for
[解析] 考查介词。根据句意可知,此处考查短语take responsibility
for…,意为“对……负责任”。故填for。
考点一 介词的基本用法和区别
常用介词in,on,for,with,of,as,to,beyond,across等含义较多,应全面
把握。
表示时间 用法与区别 例句
at,in,on at表示在某一具体时刻、某时间 点;in表示在一段较长的时间;on 表示在特定的日子、具体的日 期、星期及节日等。 at seven o'clock 在七点钟
in the evening在晚上
on a rainy day在一个下
雨天
表示时间 用法与区别 例句
during,in 二者都表示“在一段时间内”。但 during更强调时间的延续,可以表 示在一段时间内自始至终的状 态;当需要准确说明动作发生的 具体时间时则用in。 during/in summer 在夏天
during the whole month整整一个月
续表
表示时间 用法与区别 例句
in,after 二者后都可接时间段,表示 “……之后”。 in通常用来表 示某个事件将在未来的某 段时间内发生，强调的是 一个时间段或时间框架； after用于表示某个事件发生 在另一个事件之后，通常 强调的是时间的顺序。 My father will be back in
two weeks.我父亲两周后回来。
She will never forget the
moment when she saw all
the audience clapping their
hands and cheering after her
performance. 她永远不会忘记在她的表演结束后,看到所有观众鼓掌欢呼的那一刻。
续表
表示时间 用法与区别 例句
in,after 这两者在时间表达上有不 同的侧重点，使用时要根 据具体的语境来选择。
for,since for后接表示一段时间的单 词或短语,since后接表示某 一具体时间点的单词或短 语。由for 短语或 since 短 语作时间状语的句子常用 完成时态或完成进行时 态。 I have been learning English
For over 20 years.
我学英语二十多年了。
I have lived here since last
year.
自从去年我就住在这里。
续表
表示时间 用法与区别 例句
before,by 二者都可表示“在……之前”,但 by含有“最晚不迟于……, 到……为止”的意思。如果by 后是表示将来的时间,则与将 来时或将来完成时连用,如果 是表示过去的时间,则与过去 完成时连用。 I will be back
Before supper time.
晚饭前我会回来。
Supper will be ready by 6 pm.
晚饭将在6点之前准备好。
(包括6点)
续表
表示时间 用法与区别 例句
by,until by表示到什么时候为止动作 已经完成,而until表示动作持 续到什么时候。在终止性动 词作谓语的否定句式中,二者 通用。 Can you repair my bike
By Friday
星期五之前你能修好我的
自行车吗
The work won't be
finished by/until tomorrow.
这项工作明天才能完成。
续表
表示方位、空间 用法与区别 例句
over,above,on over 主要强调覆盖 某一物体或在某一 物体的正上方;above 强调在上方,但不一 定在正上方, The bridge over the river has
a long history.
河上的这座桥有很长的历史
了。
The plane flew above the
clouds. 飞机在云层上面飞过。
续表
表示方位、空间 用法与区别 例句
over,above,on 而且还可指温度、 海拔等刻度“在…… 之上”;on表示接触或 由某一表面支撑着, 意为“在……上面”。 With an important meeting
to attend, Mr Brown hurried
to the office, with the food
on the table untouched.
由于要参加一个重要会议,布朗
先生匆匆赶到办公室,桌上的食
物一丝没动。
续表
表示方位、空间 用法与区别 例句
under,below, beneath under强调在某一物体的正 下方,是over的反义 词;below指在下方,但不一 定是正下方,是above的反 义词;beneath表示“在…… 之下”,常与below互换,但 below较常用,beneath多用 于正式文体中。 She placed the ladder
under the window.
她把梯子放在窗户下面。
Please do not write
below this line.
请不要写到这条线下面。
续表
表示方位、空间 用法与区别 例句
between,among between一般用于两者之 间,也可用于三者或三者以 上,此时强调每两者之间的 关系或某物体与一组特定 的可分离的事物之间的关 系;among常用于三者或三 者以上,指数目不确定的事 物之间。 The house stands
between two farms.
这座房子位于两个农场之
间。
The village lies
among hills.
这个村庄位于群山之中。
续表
表示方位、空间 用法与区别 例句
across,through, past, over across 强调穿过 某一平面;through 强调从某一空间 内通过; Be careful enough while walking
across the street.
过马路时务必小心。
Walk through the gate and you'll see the restroom.
穿过大门你就会看到洗手间。
续表
表示方位、空间 用法与区别 例句
across,through, past, over past强调从某事 物的一旁经 过;over强调从一 边到另一边或越 过某一高度。 We drove past the Great Hall of
the People.
我们开车经过人民大会堂。
They ran over the grass.
他们跑过草地。
续表
表示“用……” 用法与区别 例句
with,by,in with多指用 工具、身体 的某部位或 器官;by指使 用方法、手 段;in指使用 某种语言或 材料等。 What can I cut the cake with
我可以用什么切蛋糕
We could take the train or alternatively
go by car.
我们可以坐火车,也可以坐汽车。
He made the speech in English.
他用英语做演讲。
Don't write it in pencil. Write it
in ink,please.
不要用铅笔写,请用墨水写。
续表
考点二 介词的固定搭配
1.与介词at搭配的常用短语
at night在夜里 at the cinema在电影院
at breakfast在吃早饭时 at home在家里
at work在上班 at school在上学
at the moment此刻 at Christmas在圣诞节
at no time决不 at one time一度,曾经
2.与介词in搭配的常用短语
in danger 处于危险之中 in a minute一会儿之后
in the way妨碍,挡路 in a way在某种程度上
in no way决不 in general通常,大体上
in detail详细地 in turn轮流
in return作为回报 in need处于困难中的
3.与介词by搭配的常用短语
by accident偶然地, 意外地
by air乘飞机
by birth在血统上;生来
by chance偶然地,无意中
by comparison比较起来
by contrast对比之下
by design故意地,蓄意地
by hand手工制的,(信)由专人送的
by mistake错误地
4.与介词for 搭配的常用短语
for company陪着
for ever永远
for example/instance例如
for fun为了好玩
for long长久
for short简称
5.与介词on 搭配的常用短语
on time按时 on guard在值勤
on business办事,出差 on holiday在度假
on strike 在罢工 on display展示,陈列
on average平均起来,按平均数计算
6.其他常考短语
be absent from缺席,不在
be angry about为……生气
according to根据
be bored with对……厌烦
instead of而不是
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.It was built originally to protect the city ___the Tang Dynasty
and has now been completely restored.
in
[解析] 考查介词。根据句意可知,表示“在某个朝代”应用介词in。故
填in。
2.The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural
BMI increased ____ 2.1 in women and men.
by
[解析] 考查介词。“increase by+数值”表示“增长了多少”,故填by。
3.In 1844 they bought it ____ $1,200 and some land from
Charles Dresser…
for
[解析] 考查介词。固定词组“buy sth for+价格”表示“以什么价格购
买某物”。 故填for。
4.The artist was finally humbled by the greatest artist ____ earth,
Mother Nature.
on
[解析] 考查介词。结合句意可知，此处表示“在世界上”，短语为on
earth。故填on。
5.Modern methods _______ tracking polar bear populations have
been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to
perform consistently over a large area.
of/for
[解析] 考查介词。method of/for doing sth意为“……的方法”,为固
定搭配。故填of/for。
6.___________ the dozens of LEED-certified buildings in Taiwan,
Taipei 101 is the most notable recipient.
Among/Of
[解析] 考查介词。根据句意可知，空格处意为“在……中”,应用
among/of,单词位于句首,首字母大写,故填Among/Of。
7.It has long been a dream for the Lao people to see their
country change from a landlocked country ____ a “land-linked
one”.
to
[解析] 考查介词。固定搭配change from…to…“从……变成……”。
故填to。
8.After taking my pulse, looking at my tongue, and asking a
few questions _______ my diet and lifestyle, the acupuncturist
correctly reasoned that I was worn out.
about
[解析] 考查介词。此处是指关于“我”的饮食和生活方式的问题,应用
介词about表示“关于”。故填about。
Ⅱ 语法填空［2024·福建三明高三三模］
A zipper runs along a 40-centimetre-tall porcelain vase with
its top slightly open. The art piece, not 1.__________(original)
designed that way, has been repaired by Nie Chao. 2._____
repaired vase won Nie the new talent award at the Baihe Cup,
an art and craft design and innovation competition, where more
than 3,000 pieces or sets of work were shown. The competition
3.__________(hold) during the second edition of the China Arts
and Crafts Expo in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, in September 2021.
originally
The
was held
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
As the 4._____(five) generation inheritor of his family's
ceramic-repair skills, Nie has devoted himself to better
preserving them, as well as 5._________(bring) traditional Chinese
engraving skills and modern art designs to the mix. Nie's father
and grandfather were focused on fixing porcelain items to
restore their functionality. Nie has taken it a step further as he
tries to make the repaired items look even 6._______(good). For
example, when mending the 7.________(break) cover of a teacup,
Nie could have just added a couple of metal staples(订书钉) to
fifth
bringing
better
broken
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
reconnect the pieces, 8.________ he decided to create a
bamboo pattern on it.
Nie says handmade things have one advantage 9.______
mass-produced items, in that each is unique. Mending ceramics
not only restores the 10.____________(appear) and functionality
of a ware but also preserves its historical and cultural value.
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了修复陶瓷的聂超的
故事。
but/yet
over
appearance
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1.__________
originally
[解析] 考查副词。修饰动词，用副词originally作状语。故填
originally。
2._____
The
[解析] 考查冠词。特指“修复的花瓶”，用定冠词the,单词位于句首，
首字母大写。故填The。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3.__________
was held
[解析] 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。主语competition是单数，
与谓语hold为被动关系，且根据in September 2021可知，本句为一
般过去时的被动语态。故填was held。
4._____
fifth
[解析] 考查序数词。表示“第五代”，用序数词fifth。故填fifth。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
5._________
bringing
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。空处用动名词作宾语，与上文的preserving
并列。故填bringing。
6._______
better
[解析] 考查比较级。even修饰比较级。故填better。
7.________
broken
[解析] 考查形容词。空处作定语修饰名词，用形容词broken。故填
broken。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8.________
but/yet
[解析] 考查连词。根据句意可知，前后句为转折关系。故填but/yet。
9.______
over
[解析] 考查介词。have one advantage over为固定短语，意为
“比……有优势”。 故填over。
10.____________
appearance
[解析] 考查名词。空处作宾语，用名词appearance。故填
appearance。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
听课手册
语法专题 词法和句法
专题三 不可小觑的小词——冠词、介词、代词
/ 第8讲 介词 /
高考链接
单句填空
1.as 2.to 3.for 4.to 5.by 6.for
实战演练
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.in 2.by 3.for 4.on 5.of/for 6.Among/Of 7.to 8.about
Ⅱ 语法填空
1.originally 2.The 3.was held 4.fifth 5.bringing 6.better
7.broken 8.but/yet 9.over 10.appearance
