Unit 6 Earth and Beyond Grammar in Use课件-仁爱版（2024）八年级英语上册

(共28张PPT)
Unit 6 Earth and Beyond
Exploring the Topic:
Grammar in Use
(The suffix-ness & the comparative
and superlative adjectives)
精准掌握 -ness 后缀构名词法以及形容词比较级、最高级的构成规则；
分析词汇构词逻辑、文本语义关联，锻炼逻辑思维；
依托太空探索、行星知识等素材，感受人类对宇宙和自然的探索文化，拓宽科学文化视野。
Clue 1: It is “Red Planet”
Clue 2: It is lower than Earth’s average temperature.
Clue 3: Scientists study dryness （干燥程度）of it to look for signs of water.
Clue 1: It has the “Great Red Spot”.
Clue 2: It is the largest planet.
Clue 3: It is made up by air,
so we can’t feel its hardness（硬度）.
根据给出的线索猜测所描述的是太阳系中的哪个行星
Mars
Jupiter
Clue 1: It is the closest planet to the Sun.
Clue 2: It is the smallest planet.
Clue 3: It has no moons（卫星） at all, so its loneliness is clear.
Clue 1: It is the farthest planet from the Sun.
Clue 2: It appears bluer than Earth.
Clue 3: The coldness there is great because it is remote（遥远的）from the Sun.
根据给出的线索猜测所描述的是太阳系中的哪个行星
Mercury
Neptune
Look at the pictures and read the sentences. Pay attention to the words in bold.
Activity 1
The suffix-ness
Carefulness and responsibility play an important role in scientific exploration.
Fitness of the body and mind is of key importance for scientists to live and work in space.
The brightness of a star is related to its size. The larger, the brighter.
Fill in the blanks with the words in the box.
Activity 2
business
weakness
happiness
darkness
The suffix-ness
1. The high cost is a big ________ in space exploration.
2. The development of the space industry will bring more
________ and create more jobs in different areas.
3. So many stars shine in the ________. What a beautiful night!
4. Nature can fill our lives with real joy, peace and ________.
weakness
darkness
business
happiness
Complete the text with the words in the box.
Activity 3
Venus and Mercury are two of the closest planets to the Sun. Because of its __________to the Sun and its __________in size, Mercury is difficult for us to see on Earth. Venus, on the other hand, is known for its ___________and it’s beautiful. People can see it at night on Earth.Venus is the hottest planet while the surface temperature on Mercury can drop down to -173 ℃ at night. Its __________is due to its thin air.
closeness
smallness
coldness
brightness
The suffix-ness
coldness closeness brightness smallness
New phrases
短语 释义
play a important role in 发挥重要作用
be related to 与......相关
be of importance for 对.......重要
due to 由于；因为
fill...with... 用......填满......
be of importance for = be important for 对......重要
结构：be + of + n.= be + adj.
e.g. These clues are important for guessing the planet.
=These clues are of importance for guessing the planet.
这些线索对猜测行星很重要
类似短语： be of help = be helpful 对......有帮助的
e.g. The book about Saturn is of help for our project.
这本关于土星的书对我们的项目有帮助。
The suffix-ness
形容词+ness的变化规则总结
1. 大部分单音节形容词：直接在词尾加 -ness，拼写无变化。
kind → kindness（善良）sad → sadness（悲伤）
2. 以 “y” 结尾的形容词：
若形容词词尾是 辅音字母 + y，需先将 “y” 改为 “i”，再加 -ness；
若形容词词尾是 元音字母a/e/i/o/u + y，则直接加 -ness，不改变 y。
辅音+y：happy → happiness（快乐） easy → easiness（容易）
元音+y：busy → busyness（忙碌） dry → dryness（干燥）
The suffix-ness
3. 词尾为 “-ful” 的形容词： 直接加 -ness 以 “-ful” 结尾的形容词，
直接在 “-ful” 后加 -ness，无需调整 “ful” 部分。
careful → carefulness（仔细） hopeful → hopefulness（希望）
painful → painfulness（痛苦）
4. 不发音的 e” 结尾：直接加 “-ness”
fine → fineness（健康） brave → braveness（勇敢）
polite → politeness（礼貌）
The suffix-ness
1. sad → _________
2. lazy → ________
3. lonely→ __________
写出下列单词的名词形式
sadness
laziness
loneliness
The suffix-ness
4. bright → __________
5. sharp→ __________
6. soft → __________
softness
sharpness
brightness
The suffix-ness
1. The little girl’s made everyone in the class like her—she always shares her toys with others.
2. We need to show great when using sharp knives to avoid getting hurt.
3. After a long day of hiking, Tom felt a strong sense of and fell asleep quickly.
4. The of the stars lit up the sky, so we didn’t need a flashlight in the countryside.
5. The children’s laughter filled the room with during the birthday party.
kind careful dark happy tired
kindness
carefulness
happiness
darkness
tiredness
使用方框内所给形容词的名词形式填空
Pair work. Read the conversation. Pay attention to the words in bold.
Activity 1
Comparative and superlative adjectives
Mercury is smaller than Earth and it is closer to the Sun than Earth.
Yes, so it’s also much hotter than Earth.
Yes, I know that! It is the
closest planet to the Sun.
What are the differences between Mercury and Earth
Pair work. Talk about the pictures and use the words in the box to make sentences.
Activity 2
Comparative and Superlative Adjectives add -er/-est bright --________________
add -r/-st large --____________
change -y into -i, add -er/-est dry --______________
double the last consonant and add -er/-est hot --______________
add more/the most wonderful-- _______________
irregular form far --_______________
brighter/brightest
larger/largest
drier/driest
Comparative and superlative adjectives
hotter/hottest
more wonderful/
the most wonderful
farther/farthest
Read the text and fill in the blanks with the correct form of the given words.
Activity 3
Comparative and superlative adjectives
The Death Valley is known as the ______ (hot) place on the earth and the ______(dry) place in North America. In 1913, the _______ (high) air temperature of 134°F (56.7℃) reached a record here. In summer, the average rainfall in the Death Valley is _____(little) than 5cm.
But winter and spring are _______(wet) and the
weather is more comfortable. Higher places are _______ (cool) than the lower areas in the valley.
hottest
driest
cooler
less
wetter
highest
1. 形容词比较等级的规则变化
形容词类型 比较级构成 最高级构成 例词
一般单音节词 在词尾加 -er 在词尾加 -est tall → taller
tall→ tallest
多音节词和 部分双音节词 在词前加 more 在词前加 most serious → more serious
interesting → most interesting
以不发音 e 结尾 在词尾加 -r 在词尾加 -st nice → nicer
nice→ nicest
形容词类型 比较级构成 最高级构成 例词
以“辅音+y” 结尾 改 y 为 i 加 -er 改 y 为 i 加 -est easy → easier
easy→ easiest
重读闭音节， 且末尾只有一 个辅音字母 双写尾字母加 -er 双写尾字母加 -est big → bigger big→biggest
2. 有些形容词的比较等级变化是不规则的，例如
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/ill worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
3. 形容词比较等级的基本用法
1）比较级：常用于“比较级 + than”结构。
e.g. Cats are more lovely than other animals. 猫比其他动物更可爱。
2）最高级：常用于“the + 最高级 + 比较范围”结构。
e.g. She was the eldest among them.
她是她们当中年纪最大的。
e.g. She is the most popular teacher in our school.
她是我们学校里最受欢迎的老师。
This story is the most interesting of all the books I’ve read this year.
这个故事是我今年读的所有书里最有趣的。
4. 比较结构中还须注意以下问题：
1）比较级与最高级的结构可以转换，意思不变。
e.g. The Changjiang River is longer than the other rivers in China.
在中国，长江比其他河流都长。
The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.
长江是中国最长的河流。
2）当某一事物与其他事物作比较时，被比较事物中不能包括本身。
e.g. He is taller than any other student in his class.
他比班上其他学生都高。
3）如果比较对象相同，可用 that/those 代替第二个比较对象。
e.g.The weather in Shanghai is better than that in Wuhan.
上海的天气比武汉的要好。
The texts in Book Ⅲ are much easier than those in Book Ⅳ.
第三册的课文要比第四册的容易得多。
1.The Great Wall of China is one of the (great) wonders in the world.
greatest
2.I think roses are the (beautiful) of all the flowers.
most beautiful
3. After exercising for a month, she looks (thin) than before, but still healthy.
4.His cold got (bad) than yesterday.
thinner
worse
5. Taiwan Island is the (large) island in China.
largest
根据所给图片，用形容词的比较等级完成下列句子
Our solar system has many wonderful planets. The Sun is the 1. ______ (big) object here—it’s much 2. _____ (large) than all planets together! Among the eight planets, Mercury is the 3. ______ (close) to the Sun.
Venus is 4. ______(hot) than Mercury, so it’s the 5. ______ (hot) planet in the solar system. Mars is 6. (interesting) than other planets. Jupiter is the 7. ______ (heavy) planet, and every new discovery makes studying the solar system 8. ____________ (exciting) than before!
closest
more interesting
larger
hottest
hotter
biggest
heaviest
more exciting
根据所给短文，使用所给单词的适当形式填空
We learn:
some phrases : “play a important role in”, “be related to”...
some sentences : Fitness of the body and mind is of key importance for scientists to live and work in space.
We can:
use the nouns with -ness and comparative and superlative adjectives correctly.
1. Have a conversation with classmates or family members by using comparative and superlative adjectives.
2. Finish the exercises.