译林版（2024）七年级上册Unit 2 Hobbies知识过关第3讲--语法精讲精炼（含答案）

7A第二单元知识过关第3讲--语法精讲精炼
一、7AU2 核心语法知识清单
（一）一般现在时
1. 用法
表示经常性、习惯性的动作（常与 often, usually, every day/week/month, sometimes 等时间状语连用）。
表示客观事实、真理或不变的规律。
表示主语的能力、性格或状态。
2. 句式结构
句式 主语为第一、二人称/复数 （I/we/you/they） 主语为第三人称单数 （he/she/it/单数名词）
肯定句 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 主语 + 动词三单形式 + 其他
否定句 主语 + don't + 动词原形 + 其他 主语 + doesn't + 动词原形 + 其他
一般疑问句 Do + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？
肯定回答 Yes, 主语 + do. Yes, 主语 + does.
否定回答 No, 主语 + don't. No, 主语 + doesn't.
3. 示例
经常性动作：I watch TV every evening. / He watches TV every evening.
客观事实：There are twelve months in a year.
能力状态：She is good at swimming. / He doesn't drive.
（二）动词第三人称单数（三单）变化规则
1. 一般规则
直接在动词词尾加 -s（如：talk → talks, play → plays, love → loves）。
以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾的动词，加 -es（如：watch → watches, finish → finishes, wash → washes, fix → fixes）。
以 辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词，变 y 为 i 再加 -es（如：study → studies, worry → worries, fly → flies）。
以 元音字母 + y 结尾的动词，直接加 -s（如：play → plays, say → says）。
以 o 结尾的动词，多数加 -es（如：go → goes, do → does）；少数加 -s（如：play → plays）。
2. 特殊变化（需记忆）
have → has
be → is
（三）There be 句型
1. 用法
表示 “某地有某物 / 某人”，强调 “存在”，区别于 “拥有”（have/has）。
2. 结构
肯定句：There + be 动词（is/are）+ 主语 + 地点状语
否定句：There + be 动词（is/are）+ not + 主语 + 地点状语
一般疑问句：Be 动词（Is/Are）+ there + 主语 + 地点状语？
3. 就近原则
be 动词的单复数由靠近 be 动词的主语决定：
主语为单数 / 不可数名词：用 is（如：There is a park near my home.）
主语为复数：用 are（如：There are two books on the desk.）
（四）一般现在时的特殊疑问句
1. 用法
对一般现在时句子中的 “时间、地点、频率、动作” 等信息提问，常用特殊疑问词引导。
2. 常见疑问词及句式
疑问词 提问内容 句式（主语为三单） 示例
Where 地点 Where + does + 主语 + 动词原形？ Where does her English teacher live
When 时间 When + does + 主语 + 动词原形？ When does she get up in the morning
How often 频率 How often + does + 主语 + 动词原形？ How often does your grandfather write to you
What 动作 / 事物 What + does + 主语 + do？ What does he do every weekend
二、7AU2 语法配套练习
（一）动词第三人称单数填空
写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式：
1. swim → ______ 2. make → ______ 3. teach → ______
2. stop → ______ 5. have → ______ 6. go → ______
3. shop → ______ 8. worry → ______ 9. do → ______
4. fly → ______ 11. fix → ______ 12. study → ______
（二）There be 句型填空
根据句意，用 be 动词（is/are）的正确形式填空：
1. There ______ a big tree in front of my house.
2. ______ there any books on the desk — Yes, there ______.
3. There ______ no milk in the glass. Can you give me some
4. There ______ two parks and a supermarket near our school.
5. — How many students ______ there in your class — There ______ 45.
（三）一般现在时句型转换（每空一词）
1. Tom plays football every Saturday.（改为否定句）
Tom ______ ______ football every Saturday.
They often go shopping at the weekend.（改为一般疑问句）
______ they often ______ shopping at the weekend
His mother works in a hospital.（对画线部分提问）
______ ______ his mother ______
Lucy gets up at 6:30 a.m.（对画线部分提问.）
______ ______ Lucy ______ up
He does his homework every evening.（改为否定句）
He ______ ______ his homework every evening.
（四）一般现在时短文填空
用括号内动词的正确形式补全短文：My name is Emma. I 1. ______ (be) a middle school student. I 2. ______ (go) to school from Monday to Friday. My father 3. ______ (work) in a bank. He 4. ______ (get) up at 7 a.m. every day and 5. ______ (drive) to work. My mother 6. ______ (be) a teacher. She 7. ______ (teach) Maths. She often 8. ______ (help) me with my homework after dinner.
On weekends, we usually 9. ______ (stay) at home. My father 10. ______ (like) reading newspapers, and my mother 11. ______ (enjoy) cooking. I 12. ______ (love) playing chess with my father. We 13. ______ (have) a happy life.
（五）单项选择
1. — ______ your sister ______ English every morning — Yes, she does.A. Do; read B. Does; read C. Does; reads D. Do; reads
2. There ______ some bread and two eggs on the plate.A. is B. are C. am D. be
3. My brother ______ TV every evening, but he ______ TV last night.A. watch; doesn't watch B. watches; didn't watchC. watches; doesn't watch D. watch; didn't watch
4. — How often ______ you ______ to the park — Once a week.A. do; go B. does; go C. do; goes D. does; goes
5. He ______ from China. He ______ in Beijing now.A. come; live B. comes; lives C. comes; live D. come; lives
练习答案
（一）动词第三人称单数填空
1. swims 2. makes 3. teaches 4. stops 5. has 6. goes 7. shops 8. worries 9. does 10. flies 11. fixes 12. studies
（二）There be 句型填空
1. is 2. Are; are 3. is 4. are 5. are; are
（三）一般现在时句型转换
1. doesn't; play 2. Do; go 3. Where; does; work 4. When; does; get 5. doesn't; do
（四）一般现在时短文填空
1. am 2. go 3. works 4. gets 5. drives 6. is 7. teaches 8. helps 9. stay 10. likes 11. enjoys 12. love 13. have
（五）单项选择
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. B