Unit 1 Food matters Grammar and usage 课件(共28张PPT)-译林版(2019)选择性必修第一册

(共28张PPT)
Unit 1 Food matters
Grammar and usage
1.As a real foodie, I enjoy all kinds of foods. My dream is to try different restaurants and taste various foods.
2.Yesterday I invited some friends to try a great new restaurant for dinner.
3. We arrived at the restaurant, only to see a huge line of people waiting to get into the restaurant.
4.Nothing can stop our determination to have a try. We decided to wait outside.
5. After an hour of waiting, we were invited to go into the restaurant and take the order.
6.The dishes are extremely delicious. It is worthwhile to have such a long wait.
指出下面句子中不定式所做的成分。
根据第1,6句，我们可以知道：
1）To-infinitives可以做 ，通常跟在 动词之后。
2） To-infinitives 在句子中还可以做 ，为了保持句子平衡，通常把To-infinitives放在句末，用 做形式主语。
表语
be
主语
it
Exploring the rules
Below is a blog entry about eating out and eating at home. Find the sentences that use to-infinitives as subjects.
To-infinitives as subjects To eat out was also a social activity, ...
To-infinitives as predicatives ..., my first thought at mealtimes was to eat at a restaurant.
My plan is to invite my friends over at the weekend ...
..., it was not that difficult to make a simple and tasty dish.
Exploring the rules
Working out the rule
When the to-infinitive is used as a subject, we usually use the preparatory subject (1) at the beginning of the sentence.
The to-infinitive can also be used as a predicative. It usually comes after the verb (2) .
be
Exploring the rules
it
1.动词不定式具有名词特征，可充当主语。（做主语时谓语动词用单数形式）
To see is to believe.
眼见为实。
注：单个不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；两个及以上不定式作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但作为一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式。
到哪里去度假以及何时去度假还没有决定。
Where to go on a holiday and when to go for the holiday
(decide).
到哪里去，何时去度假还没有决定。
Where and when to go on a holiday____________________(decide).
To say is one thing and to do is another.
说是一回事，做又是另一回事。
have not been decided
has not been decided
动词不定式作主语
2.动词不定式做句子的主语时可以用形式主语it代替，将不定式置于句末，
平衡句子结构。
It is a shame to litter.
乱扔垃圾可耻
It is a privilege to meet you.
认识你很荣幸
动词不定式作主语
1. 被邀请到你家做客真的是太荣幸了。
It is a great honour to your family.
to be invited
to prepare for
It is + n.(a pity, a shame, an honour …) to do sth
It takes sb some time/money… to do sth
it 作为形式主语时，常见句型有：
2.在家做饭准备环节需要花很长时间。
It takes a long time home-cooked meals.
3.你为我们做了这么多美味的菜真的是太好了。
It is nice ____ you _______ so many tasty dishes for us.
4.在当今社会，我们学会做饭还是很有用的。
It is useful _____ us .
to learn how to cook
for
of
to make
It is + adj.+ for/of sb to do sth
Attention!
3.动词不定式做句子的主语时, 若其后面需要用动词作表语时，则作表语的动词也最好使用不定式形式，保持形式一致 (to do is to do)
To save me is to save yourself.
救我也是救你自己。
动词不定式做句子的主语时, 会有时态、语态的变化。
It is a great honor for me to be invited here today.
今天我很荣幸被邀请到这里。
Her birthday party is to be held next Friday.
她的生日将于下周五举行。
动词不定式作主语
动词不定式的时态和语态
语态 时态 主动 被动
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing
完成式 to have done to have been done
1. 动词不定式做表语直接用在系动词之后，起解释说明的作用，其主语通常是 aim, ambition, dream, duty, goal, idea, intension, plan, purpose, task, way, wish 等表示意向、打算、计划的词。
Her wish is to be a teacher.
她的愿望是当一名教师。
2. 动词不定式做表语用在 seem, appear, remain, prove, turn out 等之后：
Several problems remain to be settled.
有几个问题有待解决。
The duty of soldiers is to defend their country.
军人的职责是保卫祖国。
动词不定式作表语
3. 用于表达想法、约定、义务、命令、可能性、命运等。如：
We are to meet at the station at there. ( 表约定）
How are we to convince him （表可能性）
You are to come when I call. （表命令）
The question is how to carry out the plan.
问题是如何实施这项计划。
4. “特殊疑问词+不定式”也可以用作表语
动词不定式作表语
注意：动词不定式作表语时，在结构上是主动的，但在意义上却是被动的。
She is to blame.
她应该受到责备。
The house is to rent.
此房出租。
5. 当All 或what引导的主语从句中有实义动词 do （以及do的其他形式时， 作表语的不定式通常要省略to, 即“前有do, 后无to”
All you should do now is devote yourself to studying hard.
你现在应该做的事就是投入到刻苦的学习当中。
动词不定式作表语
Practice
然而，烹饪对于我来说还有点挑战性。
However, cooking seems challenging for me.
是否我能学会做几个菜，以后见分晓。
It remains ____________ if I can cook a couple of dishes.
to be
to be seen
Applying the rules
Rewrite the following sentences, using to-infinitives.
Answer
1. The next dish to be prepared by the cook is Kung Pao
Chicken.
2. To prepare home-cooked meals is easy and enjoyable./
It is easy and enjoyable to prepare home-cooked meals.
3. Her dream is to open a restaurant some day.
4. We will put the potatoes in the pot first (in order) to cook
them quickly.
5. I consider the Soup of the Day to be the best option on the
menu.
Complete the article with the correct forms of the verbs in the
brackets.
Located
to turn
to sit
painted
ranging
to invite
to be
to see
Applying the rules
Applying the rules
Imagine your friend has taken you out to dinner at Sky Buffet. Write a thank-you note to your friend, offering to return the favour by inviting him or her to your home for dinner next weekend. Remember to use to-infinitives. Use the expressions below to help you.
Expressions
I am writing to … I have always wanted to …
It was so kind of you to … I would like/love to …
It was wonderful to … My plan is to …
Presenting
Dear Tom,
I am writing to thank you for taking me to Sky Buffet. It was so kind of you to invite me and book a table by the window. It was wonderful to see the city scenery and watch the beautiful sunset. I have always wanted to give Sky Buffet a try, and it certainly lived up to my expectations! Do you have any arrangements next weekend My plan is to invite you over to my home for dinner next Saturday. The view won’t be as good as at Sky Buffet but I would like to cook you something special to thank you. Yours, Mary
Sample
1. Her husband and she are now at work on a new dictionary_______________(publish) next year.
2. ___________(finish) this job in one day is impossible.
3.Frankly speaking, I would rather _______________ (give) up the job than_______________ (do) something illegal.
4. The thief was seen_______________ (break) into the house, and the people called the police.
5.While many young kids are keen on watching cartoons, little Jack prefer ___________ (collect) coins.
Practice
6. The next step is ___________ (make) sure that you know exactly what is required.
7.Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made_______________ (cry) by his little sister.
8.Tu Youyou is the first Chinese woman scientist _______________ (award) the Nobel Prize.
9.Medical teams are reported _______________ (send) to isolated villages to help people fight against the cold snap in Europe.
10. He was the first_______________ (arrive) at the end of the line.
Practice
11. It is crucial _________ (step) up international cooperation to minimize the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on economic growth.
12. The boss forbids his employees _______________ (use) mobile phones during working hours.
13. That is the only way we can imagine ___________ (reduce) the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms.
14.______________ (accept) as an Olympic event, a sport must be played in at least 75 countries on at least 4 continents.
15. The flu is believed ______________ (cause) by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
Practice
16. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _____________ (breathe).
17. With the work ____________ (finish) in just a few hours, I had no time to argue with them.
18. This kind of laptops is easy ____________ (operate). No wonder it is popular among middle-aged users.
Practice
1.to be punished 2.To finish 3. give; do 4. to break 5. to collect 6. to make 7. to cry 8. to be awarded 9. to have been sent 10. to arrive 11. to step 12. to use 13. to reduce
14. To be accepted 15. to be caused 16. to breathe
17. to be finished 18. to operate
Practice
Finish C on page 58.
homework