Unit 1 Laugh out loud! Using language 课件(共37张PPT，内镶嵌视频)-外研版(2019)选择性必修第一册
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| 名称 | Unit 1 Laugh out loud! Using language 课件(共37张PPT，内镶嵌视频)-外研版(2019)选择性必修第一册 |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 7.4MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-10-03 09:50:51 | ||
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(共37张PPT)
XB1U1 Laugh out loud
Using Language
语法原句再现
①I walk through the doors into the waiting area,where there’s a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.
②....laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better,which means clown doctors can be helpful.
③We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses,who keep us updated on each patient.
以上加粗部分都是非限制性定语从句,它们与其所修饰的先行词之间隔着一个逗号。
定语
修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的成分。
定义
定语从句
先行词+引导词+从句
Nancy is a girl that is smiling.
1. 先行词
被修饰的名词或者代词。
2. 引导词=关系词
(1)种类
关系代词
关系副词
(2)作用
引导定语从句
在从句中作成分
关系副词
关系副词 先行词 句中成分
地点 地点状语
时间 时间状语
原因 原因状语
where
when
why
先行词 关系代词 句中成分
人/物 主语/宾语
物 主语/宾语
人 主语/宾语
人 宾语
人/物 定语
that
who
which
whom
whoes
定语从句 分类 异同总结
不能用that/why
差异 限制性 非限制性
形式 无逗号 有逗号
功能 限定或修饰,去掉不完整 补充，去掉仍然完整
翻译 .....的 分开翻译
先行词 名词或代词 名词, 代词或整个句子
语法知识点拨
非限制性定语从句是指与主句关系不十分密切,只对主句中的先行词起补充说明作用的定语从句。其标志是主句和从句之间用逗号隔开。
一、非限制性定语从句的引导词
1.关系词:(1)关系代词:who、whom、which、whose(=of whom/which)、as;(2)关系副词:when、where。
2.关系词指代的先行词及其在从句中充当的成分
关系词 先行词 在从句中
充当的成分
who 人 主语/宾语
whom 人 宾语
which 物/整 个主句 主语/宾语
whose(=of whom/which) 人/物 定语
as 人/物/整 个主句 主语/宾语
when 时间名词 时间状语
where 地点名词 地点状语
She was very fond of speaking French,which indeed she spoke well.
她很喜欢讲法语,而且讲得确实很好。
The note was left by Jim,who came here a moment ago.
这个纸条是吉姆留的,他刚才来过。
She introduced me to her friend,whom I hadn’t met before.
她把我介绍给她朋友,这个人我以前没见过。
The boy,whose father is an engineer,studies very hard.
这个男孩学习很努力,他的父亲是位工程师。
We’ll graduate in July,when we will be living on our own.
我们将于7月份毕业,到那时我们就要独立生活了。
Last week we travelled to Beijing,where there are many places of interest.
我们上个星期去了北京旅游,那儿有很多名胜古迹。
He forgot to bring his pen with him,as was often the case.
他忘了带笔,这是常有的事。
As we all know,water is essential for life.
众所周知,水是生命所必需的。
语境运用
句子语法填空
①It was on the Mid-Autumn Festival, all family members reunite,that I left my hometown for a strange city alone.
②The play, style is rigidly formal,is typical of that period.
③He is absorbed in work, he often is.
④The novel, I have read three times,is very touching.
when
whose
as
which
1.形式不同
限制性定语从句需紧跟在先行词后,与主句之间不用逗号隔开;而非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。
二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
2.功能不同
限制性定语从句对先行词起限定作用,不可省略,如果去掉,就会造成句意不完整或概念不清;而非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用,去掉后不影响主句意义的完整。
I have a sister who is a doctor.
我有一个当医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个)
I have a sister,who is a doctor.
我有一个姐姐,她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐)
3.关系词不同
对于限制性定语从句而言,所有关系词都可引导,并且关系词在从句中作宾语时可省略;that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
4.先行词不同
限制性定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词或名词性短语;非限制性定语从句的先行词除了可以是名词、代词、名词性短语,还可以是整个主句。
5.翻译方式不同
限制性定语从句一般译为定语;非限制性定语从句一般译为并列句。
Do you have the photo that we took together in our primary school
Mr Zhang,who came to see me yesterday,is an old friend of mine.
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
He told us a reason that sounded rational.
他告诉了我们一个听起来合理的理由。
你有我们在小学一起拍的照片吗
张先生是我的一位老朋友,他昨天来看我了。
请你告诉我你错过飞机的原因。
语境运用
翻译句子
①你可以春天来这里,那时候这里的花就都开了。(非限制性定语从句)
You can come here in spring,when the flowers here all come out.
②刚才和你说话的那个女孩是从北京来的。(限制性定语从句)
The girl who spoke to you just now is from Beijing.
③毕业后他决定留在上海,在那里他度过了四年的大学生活。(非限制性定语从句)
After graduation,he decided to stay in Shanghai,where he had spent four years of college life.
三、“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句
介词的选择原则主要有以下几点:
1.根据介词与动词的搭配关系
There are some details in the project,about which the employer cares much. (care about)
这项工程里有一些细节,雇主对此非常关心。
2.根据介词与形容词的搭配关系
I introduced some subjects to her,in which she might be interested. (be interested in)
我给她介绍了几个科目,她可能对此感兴趣。
3.根据介词与先行词的关系
Last night I took part in a party and lost my key,without which I couldn’t open the door of my dormitory.
昨天晚上我参加聚会把钥匙丢了,没有钥匙我打不开宿舍的门。
4.根据属于与被属于(或部分与整体)的关系
There stands a building over there,the elevators of which often go out of order.
那里矗立着一座楼,这座楼的电梯经常出故障。
语境运用
句子语法填空
①The West Lake, Hangzhou is famous,is a beautiful place.
②Air, man can’t live,is really important.
③The fellow I spoke made no answer at first.
for which
without which
to whom
四、as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别
1.在引导非限制性定语从句时,as常译为“正如”;which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰整个主句时,常译为“这,那”。
He invited me to dinner,which made me very happy.
他请我吃饭,这使我很高兴。
As you can see,he did it much better than I did.
正如你所见,他做得比我好得多。
2.as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句之前、之中或之后,而which引导的非限制性定语从句不能位于主句之前。
3.which在定语从句中可以作定语或介词的宾语,而as不能。
I may have to work late,in which case I’ll call you.
我可能得工作到很晚,那样的话我会给你打电话。
温馨提示
①as 引导非限制性定语从句时,常用于下列一些固定结构中:
as is expected(不出所料)、as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)、as we all know/as is known to all(众所周知)、as is reported(正如所报道的)、as is often the case(这是常有的事)、as has been said before(如之前所述)等。
②一些数词或代词如all、some、one、both、neither、none、any、either等可与of构成介词词组修饰关系代词,常用来引导非限制性定语从句,关系代词指人时用whom,指物时用which,不可以用that。
He has three daughters,two of whom are teachers.
他有三个女儿,其中两个是教师。
There are many books,some of which I thought are useful for you.
这有很多书,我认为其中一些对你有用。
语境运用
翻译句子
①正如我们所预料的那样,这个计划实施得非常好。
As we had expected,the plan worked out very well.
②前面有棵大树的那座建筑是我们的教室。
The building is our classroom,in front of which stands a big tree.
③我有很多爱好,其中包括绘画、弹钢琴和徒步旅行。
I have many hobbies,some of which are painting,playing the piano and hiking.
真题体验
1.(2023·全国乙卷)Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones,and you get to care for them as they mature— is part of the joy of owning plants.
2.(2022·全国甲卷)On the 1,100-kilometer journey,the man Cao Shengkang, lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident,crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
which
who
考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。由句意可知,空处代指整个主句在定语从句中作主语。故填which。
考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知,先行词为Cao Shengkang,指人,且在从句中作主语。故填who。
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.It is a truly delightful place, looks unique with its winding streets and pretty cottages.
2.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, _______the weather may be better.
3.They will fly to Washington, they plan to stay for two or three days.
which
when
where
4. you expect,your proposal will be considered at the next meeting.
5.The books on the desk, covers are shiny,are prizes for us.
6.I have heard from my father, is in Europe.
7.Kate, sister I shared a room with when we were at college,has gone to work in Australia.
8.In our class there are 42 students,nearly 80% of ______ are keen on sports.
As
whose
who
whose
whom
Ⅱ.语篇填空
Tom,a ten-year-old boy,lived in a small town in England.He always stayed in England for his holidays,but one day he decided to go to Spain,
1. all his friends liked to go for their holidays.First he went to Madrid,2. is the capital of Spain,and he stayed in a small hotel.On the first morning,he went out for a walk.While he was walking along a busy street,a bike came before him and knocked him down.He was sent to the hospital,in 3. the girl 4. rode the bike said sorry to him.After two days,Tom left Spain and returned to England.He told his friends that he wouldn’t forget the days 5. he stayed in Spain.
where
which
which
who/that
when
Rewrite the tips using non-defining attributive clauses.
Go for a walk in the countryside,
Spend time with your family and friends,
Try to accept your mistakes, where / through which you can learn a lot.
Close your eyes and picture the future, where you’ve made your dreams come true.
you can enjoy the beautiful views and a peaceful atmosphere.
where
which
will activate chemicals in your brain to make you feel happier.
Complete the passage.
1. , who is lying next to him
2. , which he finds annoying
3. , which he thinks will impress Holmes
4. , who has lost his patience by now
缺主语
缺主语
缺宾语
用恰当的关系词填空
Most people have never heard of Tim Berners Lee. He is not as famous as Einstein, ①__________ name has become very well known.
Berners-Lee,②________ works in a small office at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, is the creator of the World Wide Web. He was born in England in 1955. His parents,③_____ helped design the world's first commercially available computer,gave him a great love of maths and learning.
In 1980, Berners-Lee went to work at a physics laboratory in Switzerland,④_______ he had a lot of material to learn quickly. He had a poor memory for facts and wanted to find a way to help him keep track of the things ⑤ _____________ he couldn't remember.
whoes
who
who
where
that/which
He designed a software program ⑥___________ allowed him to create a document that had links to other documents. He continued to develop his idea through the 1980s.
In 1991, his project became known as the World Wide Web. The number of people ⑦ __________ used the Internet started to grow quickly.However, Berners-Lee is not completely happy with the way in ⑧ __________ the Web has developed. It has become a passive tool for so many people, not the tool for creativity ⑨____________ he had imagined.
In 1999, he published a book called Weaving the Web,⑩__________he answered questions he was often asked.
who/that
which
where
that/which
that/which
XB1U1 Laugh out loud
Using Language
XB1U1 Laugh out loud
Using Language
语法原句再现
①I walk through the doors into the waiting area,where there’s a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.
②....laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better,which means clown doctors can be helpful.
③We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses,who keep us updated on each patient.
以上加粗部分都是非限制性定语从句,它们与其所修饰的先行词之间隔着一个逗号。
定语
修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的成分。
定义
定语从句
先行词+引导词+从句
Nancy is a girl that is smiling.
1. 先行词
被修饰的名词或者代词。
2. 引导词=关系词
(1)种类
关系代词
关系副词
(2)作用
引导定语从句
在从句中作成分
关系副词
关系副词 先行词 句中成分
地点 地点状语
时间 时间状语
原因 原因状语
where
when
why
先行词 关系代词 句中成分
人/物 主语/宾语
物 主语/宾语
人 主语/宾语
人 宾语
人/物 定语
that
who
which
whom
whoes
定语从句 分类 异同总结
不能用that/why
差异 限制性 非限制性
形式 无逗号 有逗号
功能 限定或修饰,去掉不完整 补充，去掉仍然完整
翻译 .....的 分开翻译
先行词 名词或代词 名词, 代词或整个句子
语法知识点拨
非限制性定语从句是指与主句关系不十分密切,只对主句中的先行词起补充说明作用的定语从句。其标志是主句和从句之间用逗号隔开。
一、非限制性定语从句的引导词
1.关系词:(1)关系代词:who、whom、which、whose(=of whom/which)、as;(2)关系副词:when、where。
2.关系词指代的先行词及其在从句中充当的成分
关系词 先行词 在从句中
充当的成分
who 人 主语/宾语
whom 人 宾语
which 物/整 个主句 主语/宾语
whose(=of whom/which) 人/物 定语
as 人/物/整 个主句 主语/宾语
when 时间名词 时间状语
where 地点名词 地点状语
She was very fond of speaking French,which indeed she spoke well.
她很喜欢讲法语,而且讲得确实很好。
The note was left by Jim,who came here a moment ago.
这个纸条是吉姆留的,他刚才来过。
She introduced me to her friend,whom I hadn’t met before.
她把我介绍给她朋友,这个人我以前没见过。
The boy,whose father is an engineer,studies very hard.
这个男孩学习很努力,他的父亲是位工程师。
We’ll graduate in July,when we will be living on our own.
我们将于7月份毕业,到那时我们就要独立生活了。
Last week we travelled to Beijing,where there are many places of interest.
我们上个星期去了北京旅游,那儿有很多名胜古迹。
He forgot to bring his pen with him,as was often the case.
他忘了带笔,这是常有的事。
As we all know,water is essential for life.
众所周知,水是生命所必需的。
语境运用
句子语法填空
①It was on the Mid-Autumn Festival, all family members reunite,that I left my hometown for a strange city alone.
②The play, style is rigidly formal,is typical of that period.
③He is absorbed in work, he often is.
④The novel, I have read three times,is very touching.
when
whose
as
which
1.形式不同
限制性定语从句需紧跟在先行词后,与主句之间不用逗号隔开;而非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。
二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
2.功能不同
限制性定语从句对先行词起限定作用,不可省略,如果去掉,就会造成句意不完整或概念不清;而非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用,去掉后不影响主句意义的完整。
I have a sister who is a doctor.
我有一个当医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个)
I have a sister,who is a doctor.
我有一个姐姐,她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐)
3.关系词不同
对于限制性定语从句而言,所有关系词都可引导,并且关系词在从句中作宾语时可省略;that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
4.先行词不同
限制性定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词或名词性短语;非限制性定语从句的先行词除了可以是名词、代词、名词性短语,还可以是整个主句。
5.翻译方式不同
限制性定语从句一般译为定语;非限制性定语从句一般译为并列句。
Do you have the photo that we took together in our primary school
Mr Zhang,who came to see me yesterday,is an old friend of mine.
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
He told us a reason that sounded rational.
他告诉了我们一个听起来合理的理由。
你有我们在小学一起拍的照片吗
张先生是我的一位老朋友,他昨天来看我了。
请你告诉我你错过飞机的原因。
语境运用
翻译句子
①你可以春天来这里,那时候这里的花就都开了。(非限制性定语从句)
You can come here in spring,when the flowers here all come out.
②刚才和你说话的那个女孩是从北京来的。(限制性定语从句)
The girl who spoke to you just now is from Beijing.
③毕业后他决定留在上海,在那里他度过了四年的大学生活。(非限制性定语从句)
After graduation,he decided to stay in Shanghai,where he had spent four years of college life.
三、“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句
介词的选择原则主要有以下几点:
1.根据介词与动词的搭配关系
There are some details in the project,about which the employer cares much. (care about)
这项工程里有一些细节,雇主对此非常关心。
2.根据介词与形容词的搭配关系
I introduced some subjects to her,in which she might be interested. (be interested in)
我给她介绍了几个科目,她可能对此感兴趣。
3.根据介词与先行词的关系
Last night I took part in a party and lost my key,without which I couldn’t open the door of my dormitory.
昨天晚上我参加聚会把钥匙丢了,没有钥匙我打不开宿舍的门。
4.根据属于与被属于(或部分与整体)的关系
There stands a building over there,the elevators of which often go out of order.
那里矗立着一座楼,这座楼的电梯经常出故障。
语境运用
句子语法填空
①The West Lake, Hangzhou is famous,is a beautiful place.
②Air, man can’t live,is really important.
③The fellow I spoke made no answer at first.
for which
without which
to whom
四、as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别
1.在引导非限制性定语从句时,as常译为“正如”;which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰整个主句时,常译为“这,那”。
He invited me to dinner,which made me very happy.
他请我吃饭,这使我很高兴。
As you can see,he did it much better than I did.
正如你所见,他做得比我好得多。
2.as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句之前、之中或之后,而which引导的非限制性定语从句不能位于主句之前。
3.which在定语从句中可以作定语或介词的宾语,而as不能。
I may have to work late,in which case I’ll call you.
我可能得工作到很晚,那样的话我会给你打电话。
温馨提示
①as 引导非限制性定语从句时,常用于下列一些固定结构中:
as is expected(不出所料)、as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)、as we all know/as is known to all(众所周知)、as is reported(正如所报道的)、as is often the case(这是常有的事)、as has been said before(如之前所述)等。
②一些数词或代词如all、some、one、both、neither、none、any、either等可与of构成介词词组修饰关系代词,常用来引导非限制性定语从句,关系代词指人时用whom,指物时用which,不可以用that。
He has three daughters,two of whom are teachers.
他有三个女儿,其中两个是教师。
There are many books,some of which I thought are useful for you.
这有很多书,我认为其中一些对你有用。
语境运用
翻译句子
①正如我们所预料的那样,这个计划实施得非常好。
As we had expected,the plan worked out very well.
②前面有棵大树的那座建筑是我们的教室。
The building is our classroom,in front of which stands a big tree.
③我有很多爱好,其中包括绘画、弹钢琴和徒步旅行。
I have many hobbies,some of which are painting,playing the piano and hiking.
真题体验
1.(2023·全国乙卷)Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones,and you get to care for them as they mature— is part of the joy of owning plants.
2.(2022·全国甲卷)On the 1,100-kilometer journey,the man Cao Shengkang, lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident,crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
which
who
考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。由句意可知,空处代指整个主句在定语从句中作主语。故填which。
考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知,先行词为Cao Shengkang,指人,且在从句中作主语。故填who。
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.It is a truly delightful place, looks unique with its winding streets and pretty cottages.
2.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, _______the weather may be better.
3.They will fly to Washington, they plan to stay for two or three days.
which
when
where
4. you expect,your proposal will be considered at the next meeting.
5.The books on the desk, covers are shiny,are prizes for us.
6.I have heard from my father, is in Europe.
7.Kate, sister I shared a room with when we were at college,has gone to work in Australia.
8.In our class there are 42 students,nearly 80% of ______ are keen on sports.
As
whose
who
whose
whom
Ⅱ.语篇填空
Tom,a ten-year-old boy,lived in a small town in England.He always stayed in England for his holidays,but one day he decided to go to Spain,
1. all his friends liked to go for their holidays.First he went to Madrid,2. is the capital of Spain,and he stayed in a small hotel.On the first morning,he went out for a walk.While he was walking along a busy street,a bike came before him and knocked him down.He was sent to the hospital,in 3. the girl 4. rode the bike said sorry to him.After two days,Tom left Spain and returned to England.He told his friends that he wouldn’t forget the days 5. he stayed in Spain.
where
which
which
who/that
when
Rewrite the tips using non-defining attributive clauses.
Go for a walk in the countryside,
Spend time with your family and friends,
Try to accept your mistakes, where / through which you can learn a lot.
Close your eyes and picture the future, where you’ve made your dreams come true.
you can enjoy the beautiful views and a peaceful atmosphere.
where
which
will activate chemicals in your brain to make you feel happier.
Complete the passage.
1. , who is lying next to him
2. , which he finds annoying
3. , which he thinks will impress Holmes
4. , who has lost his patience by now
缺主语
缺主语
缺宾语
用恰当的关系词填空
Most people have never heard of Tim Berners Lee. He is not as famous as Einstein, ①__________ name has become very well known.
Berners-Lee,②________ works in a small office at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, is the creator of the World Wide Web. He was born in England in 1955. His parents,③_____ helped design the world's first commercially available computer,gave him a great love of maths and learning.
In 1980, Berners-Lee went to work at a physics laboratory in Switzerland,④_______ he had a lot of material to learn quickly. He had a poor memory for facts and wanted to find a way to help him keep track of the things ⑤ _____________ he couldn't remember.
whoes
who
who
where
that/which
He designed a software program ⑥___________ allowed him to create a document that had links to other documents. He continued to develop his idea through the 1980s.
In 1991, his project became known as the World Wide Web. The number of people ⑦ __________ used the Internet started to grow quickly.However, Berners-Lee is not completely happy with the way in ⑧ __________ the Web has developed. It has become a passive tool for so many people, not the tool for creativity ⑨____________ he had imagined.
In 1999, he published a book called Weaving the Web,⑩__________he answered questions he was often asked.
who/that
which
where
that/which
that/which
XB1U1 Laugh out loud
Using Language