Unit 1 Life Choice Lesson 1 Lifestyles 课件(共31张PPT)北师大版(2019) 必修第一册

(共31张PPT)
Unit 1
Life choices
Lesson 1
Lifestyles
Learning Objectives
01
Topic talk
03
Lead-in
02
Language points
04
CONTENTS
Exercise
05
Homework
06
Part 1
Learning Objectives
Apply infinitives appropriately to enhance expressive ability in relevant contexts.
Recognize the basic structure of the infinitive ("to + verb") and understanding its negative form ("not to do").
1
4
Teaching objectives
Master the usage of the infinitive as various grammatical components, such as subjects, objects and so on.
Apply the infinitive accurately in writing or speaking to express intentions, goals, or consequences.
2
3
Key and difficult points
01
02
The teaching focuses on guiding students to accurately identify and use the infinitive in various sentence elements, like mastering how to use it as subjects, objects, and adverbials of purpose.
Anticipated difficulties involve students' struggles in distinguishing between the active and passive forms of the infinitive in complex contexts,.
Part 2
Grammar
↓
Infinitives
概述
基本形式：to + 动词原形（如 to study, to run），否定形式为 “not to + 动词原形”（如 not to waste time）。
特点：
没有人称和数的变化（不受主语影响）；
具有动词的特征（可带宾语或状语），也具有名词、形容词、副词的特征（可作多种句子成分）。
本质：表示 “动作的未完成性”“目的”“可能性” 等，强调动作本身而非动作的执行者或时间。
形式
不定式的时态共有四种：一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式；语态分为主动语态和被动语态。以do为例，具体形式如下：
时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般式 to write to be written
完成式 to have written to have been written
进行式 to be writing
完成进行式 to have been writing
语法功能
(1)动词不定式作主语时，在许多情况下可与动名词（v-ing）替换，但表示具体的动作、特定的目的，或需要强调对比关系，以及在某些固定表达中，通常不宜用动名词替代。
作主语
可替换：To learn English well is useful. = Learning English well is useful.
不可替换（表具体动作）：To finish the report today is our main task.
今天完成报告是我们的主要任务。
不可替换（固定表达）：To err is human, to forgive divine.
人非圣贤，孰能无过；宽恕乃神性。
语法功能
(2)当动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词需用单数形式。
(3)若不定式短语较长，为避免句子头重脚轻，通常用 it 作形式主语，将真正的主语（不定式）移至谓语之后，使句子结构更平衡。
作主语
To protect the environment matters a lot. 保护环境至关重要。
三个月内掌握一门外语并不容易。
原句（头重脚轻）：To master a foreign language in three months is not easy.
优化句（形式主语 it）：It is not easy to master a foreign language in three months.
语法功能
(1) 有些动词后只能接不定式（to do）作宾语，而不能接动名词（v-ing），这类动词常见的有：decide、afford、agree、attempt、choose、determine、demand、expect、fail、hope、manage、offer、plan、prepare、pretend等。
(2)在 “动词 + it + 形容词 / 名词 + to do sth. ” 结构中，it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语（to do sth.）。这类结构的作用是避免宾语过长导致句子头重脚轻，常见的动词有：feel、find、think、believe、consider、make等。
作宾语
She decided to study abroad next year. 她决定明年出国留学。
I find it easy to learn English grammar. 我发现学英语语法很简单。
语法功能
动词不定式置于 be、become等系动词后作表语时，常表示将来的动作或对主语进行解释说明。这类句子的主语多为 duty、dream、wish、idea、task、purpose、job等表示意向、打算或计划的名词。
作表语
Her dream is to be an astronaut. 她的梦想是成为一名宇航员。
My next task is to finish the report. 我接下来的任务是完成这份报告。
The main purpose of this trip is to learn about the local culture.
这次旅行的主要目的是了解当地文化。
His duty is to help the elderly. 他的职责是帮助老人。
语法功能
动词不定式作定语时，需置于被修饰的名词或代词后面（即 “后置定语”）。
(1)动词不定式作定语的几种情况:
①序数词、形容词最高级，或 “the last/the only/the next” 等限定词后，常用不定式作定语。
②抽象名词time, way, reason, chance, courage, ability, promise, attempt等后常用动词不定式作定语。
作定语
She was the first student to arrive at school. 她是第一个到校的学生。
He found a way to improve his grades. 他找到一个提高成绩的方法。
语法功能
③不定代词 something、nothing、anything等后面，常用动词不定式作定语。
④动词不定式作定语时，常表示尚未发生的将来动作，与被修饰词构成 “将要做的事” 的关系。
⑤在there be句型中，作主语的名词后可接不定式作定语不定式用主动式或被动式均可。
I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情要告诉你。
I have a meeting to attend tomorrow. 我明天有个会议要参加。
有很多任务要完成。
There are a lot of tasks to finish. = There are a lot of tasks to be finished.
作定语
语法功能
(2)动词不定式作定语与被修饰词之间的逻辑关系
①动宾关系
当动词不定式与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系（即被修饰词是不定式动作的承受者）时，不定式既可用主动形式，也可用被动形式。具体用哪种形式，取决于不定式表示的动作是否由句子的主语发出。
I have a letter to write. 我有一封信要写。
逻辑：write a letter 是动宾关系，且 “写” 这个动作由主语 I 发出，用主动式 to write
I have a letter to be written by my secretary. 我有一封信要让秘书写。
逻辑：write a letter 是动宾关系，但 “写” 的动作由 secretary 发出，而非主语 I，用被动式 to be written
作定语
语法功能
②主谓关系
当动词不定式与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系时，指的是被修饰词是不定式动作的发出者（即被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语）。这种情况下，不定式在意义上相当于一个定语从句。
此外需注意：当不定式与被修饰词是逻辑上的动宾关系时，若不定式是不及物动词，或不定式本身已有宾语，其后需加相应的介词，以保证逻辑完整。
He is always the first person to arrive. 他总是第一个到的人。
I need a chair to sit on. 我需要一把椅子坐。
She has a good friend to talk with. 她有一个可以聊天的好朋友。
作定语
语法功能
动词不定式可用作目的状语、原因状语和结果状语
(1)作目的状语
动词不定式作目的状语时，动作发生在谓语动词之后，通常放在句末；若要强调，也可置于句首；可在不定式前加 in order 或 so as 加强语气，但 so as to 不能放在句首（in order to 可放句首）。
作状语
He studies hard to pass the exam. 他努力学习是为了通过考试。
To improve his English, he reads every day. 为了提高英语，他每天阅读。
She saved money in order to buy a bike. 她存钱是为了买一辆自行车。
They left early so as not to be late. 他们早走是为了不迟到。
语法功能
(2)作原因状语
动词不定式常跟在某些形容词后，说明产生某种情绪或状态的原因。常见的形容词有：happy, lucky, surprised, sorry, glad, delighted, eager, anxious, ready, foolish, interested, worried等
I’m glad to see you. 见到你我很高兴。
She was surprised to hear the news. 听到这个消息她很惊讶。
区分目的和原因状语的简单方法：
目的状语：回答 “为什么做某事”（为了什么）
原因状语：回答 “为什么有某种情绪”（因为什么）
作状语
语法功能
(3)作结果状语
动词不定式作结果状语时，通常带有 “出乎意料、未曾预料” 的含义，且以表达 “令人不愉快的结果” 居多。为了加强这种语气，不定式前常可加 only 或 but only（only 更常用）。
注意：现在分词(短语)作结果状语多表示顺其自然的结果，即句子和结果状语之间有一定的因果关系。
He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.
他匆忙赶到车站，结果却发现火车已经开走了。
作状语
语法功能
(1)以下动词后常接 “宾语 + 动词不定式（to do） ” 结构，即不定式作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语的动作或状态。这类动词包括：ask, tell, invite, get, advise, allow, want, permit , warn, order, encourage, prefer, expect, force, wish, beg等。
(2) 有些动词后的宾语补足语常用 “to be + 形容词 / 名词” 或 “to have + 过去分词” 形式，这类动词包括：believe , consider, declare, find, imagine, prove, suppose, think 等。
作补语
My teacher advised me to read more books. 老师建议我多读书。
They invited us to join their party. 他们邀请我们参加派对。
We consider him to be an honest man. 我们认为他是个诚实的人。
She proved herself to have finished the task. 她证明自己已经完成了任务。
语法功能
动词不定式可作句子的独立成分，这类短语不直接修饰句子中的某个成分，而是独立存在，用来表达说话人的态度、看法或引出话题，与句子主体逻辑关系较松散；这类不定式短语位置灵活，可放在句首、句中或句末（句首更常见）
常用短语及例句
To be frank（坦白地说） To be exact（确切地说）
To begin with（首先） To tell the truth（说实话）
To make matters worse（更糟糕的是）
作独立成分
To be frank, I don’t like this movie. 坦白地说，我不喜欢这部电影。
特殊疑问词 + 动词不定式结构
wh- + to do” 结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，相当于一个名词性从句，可作主语、宾语、表语、作同位语。
“wh- + to do” 结构作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，因为该结构整体表示一个抽象的 “事情” 或 “概念”。
注意：该结构中，不定式通常用主动形式，即使逻辑上存在 “动宾关系”（即疑问代词是不定式动词的宾语），也很少用被动形式。
How to solve the problem is still a mystery. 如何解决这个问题仍是个谜。
When to leave for Beijing is not decided yet. 何时动身去北京还没决定。
(1) My mum keeps telling me to go out with my school friends instead.
(2) It’s important to meet friends in person from time to time, not just on social media.
(3) When I set out to do something, I do my best to achieve it.
(4) My target is to prepare myself for my degree in biology at university.
(5) Li Ying is the first person to join the volunteering club in her class.
object complement
subject
adverbial
predicative
attribute
Read each sentence and underline the infinitive. Does it function as a subject(主语), object(宾语),predicative(表语), attribute(定语), adverbial(状语)or object complement(宾语补语)
I wake up at six o’clock every morning. It __________ (take) me less than 15 minutes __________ (wash), get changed, have breakfast and leave home. I'm always the first person __________ (get) to my class. The mornings are always very busy and the afternoons are even busier! By around five o'clock, I usually _________ (find) time __________ (do) my paperwork and preview the lessons. You may think that it _________ (be) boring __________ (do) the same thing every day, but I like being busy. (Wang Qing, 16 years old)
takes
to wash
to get
find
to do
is
to do
Complete the blog entry with the correct form of the words in brackets.
Pair Work Discuss your ideal lifestyle with a partner. What is your ideal lifestyle Compared with your current lifestyle, how is it different
Do you agree with the idea " 'l don't have time', often means 'it's not a priority'." Why or why not
I agree with this idea for the most part. Here’s why, in short:
We all have 24 hours a day—how we use them depends on priorities. When someone says “I don’t have time,” it often means that task or activity isn’t important enough to compete with the things they do make time for. For example, a person who claims “no time to read” might spend hours on social media daily—reading just isn’t a priority.
Of course, there are exceptions: people in crises, working nonstop, or caring for others may truly lack time. But for most daily situations, “no time” is a quiet way of saying “this isn’t at the top of my list.” Time management, at its core, is about choosing what matters most.
Part 3
Exercise
It is important ____________ (respect) others’ opinions.
He decided _____________ (not; attend) the meeting.
My parents encouraged me ___________ (pursue) my dream.
Her main goal is __________ (become) a qualified doctor.
He is the first student ________ (win) this award.
We get up early _________ (catch) the first bus.
They were surprised ________ (hear) the good news.
He ran to the station, only ________ (find) the train had left.
_____ be honest, I don’t agree with this plan.
She doesn’t know how _________ (solve) this problem.
to respect
not to attend
to pursue
to win
to become
to find
to hear
To
to solve
to catch
Part 4
Homework
1. Summarise what we have learnt in this lesson;
2. Prepare for the next lesson.
See you next class!