Unit 2 Getting along Understanding ideas 习题（含解析）2025-2026学年外研版（2024）英语八年级上册

八年级英语（外研版2024）上册Unit 2 Understanding ideas 习题
一、单词拼写。
It's important to show k____ to people around you.
She felt e____ when she forgot her friend's birthday.
Mutual t____ is the foundation of a good friendship.
Don't i____ his advice—it might help you solve the problem.
We need more p____ when teaching little kids.
The two countries reached a c____ after long talks.
Spreading g____ about others is not polite.
His h____ made everyone want to work with him.
There was a c____ between the two brothers over the toy.
She has a w____ to help those in need.
二、英汉短语互译。
建立纽带 ____________
彼此误解 ____________
解决分歧 ____________
感到孤独 ____________
互相尊重 ____________
apologize for mistakes ____________
generation gap ____________
be sensitive to criticism ____________
reconcile with a friend ____________
lack of empathy ____________
三、单项选择。
You should ______ to her if you hurt her feelings.
A. apologize B. gossip C. ignore D. blame
My sister is ______ of my new bike because she doesn't have one.
A. generous B. jealous C. humble D. mature
______ talking and listen to me carefully, please.
A. Stop B. To stop C. Stopping D. Stopped
They had a quarrel yesterday, but now they have ______.
A. betrayed B. negotiated C. reconciled D. offended
______ he is young, he knows how to respect others.
A. Because B. Though C. If D. Since
四、句型转换。
He is shy, so he is afraid to speak in public. (改为同义句)
He is afraid to speak in public ______ ______ his shyness.
My mother often tells me stories. My mother often sings songs for me. (合并为一句)
My mother often tells me stories ______ ______ songs for me.
We should forgive others' mistakes. (改为否定句)
We ______ ______ forgive others' mistakes.
"Why not talk to your parents about the problem " she said to me. (改为间接引语)
She advised me ______ ______ to my parents about the problem.
He forgot the new words because he didn't review them. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ he forget the new words
五、阅读理解。
When Lily transferred to a new school last month, she felt very lonely. She was too shy to talk to her classmates, and she worried that no one would like her. One day, her deskmate Lucy noticed Lily sitting alone at lunchtime. Lucy smiled and said, "Would you like to sit with us " Lily was surprised but happy, so she joined Lucy's group.
Lucy often talked to Lily about her hobbies and asked about Lily's old school. When Lily made a mistake in her English homework, Lucy helped her correct it without laughing at her. Slowly, Lily started to open up. She began sharing her stories and even joined the school's music club with Lucy.
Last week, Lily had a quarrel with Lucy over a small thing. Lily felt bad and wanted to say sorry but was too embarrassed. She remembered what Lucy had told her: "Honesty and willingness to apologize help keep friendships." Finally, Lily said, "I'm sorry for what I did." Lucy smiled and said, "It's okay. I forgive you."
Now Lily has many friends and enjoys her school life. She knows that good friendships need care and understanding.
1.Why did Lily feel lonely at the new school at first
A. She didn't like the new school.
B. She was too shy to talk to others.
C. Her classmates were not friendly.
D. She missed her old school very much.
2.What did Lucy do when she saw Lily sitting alone
A. She asked Lily to join her group.
B. She laughed at Lily.
C. She ignored Lily.
D. She told the teacher about it.
3.How did Lucy help Lily with her study
A. She let Lily copy her homework.
B. She helped Lily correct her mistakes.
C. She taught Lily new hobbies.
D. She introduced Lily to the teacher.
4.Why did Lily feel bad after quarreling with Lucy
A. She lost her homework.
B. She was afraid Lucy would hate her.
C. She realized she was wrong.
D. She had no one to talk to.
5.What can we learn from the passage
A. Shyness helps make friends.
B. Friendships need care and understanding.
C. Quarreling is bad for friendships.
D. New students have no friends.
六、任务型阅读。
Friendship is one of the most important things in our life. But how to keep a good friendship Here are some tips.
First, be honest with your friends. Honesty builds trust between you and your friends. If you lie to your friends, they may feel betrayed and leave you.
Second, show empathy. Try to understand your friends' feelings. When your friends are sad, listen to them and offer help. This makes your friendship stronger.
Third, learn to forgive. Everyone makes mistakes. If your friends make mistakes, try to forgive them. Don't hold grudges for a long time.
Fourth, communicate often. Talk about your feelings and thoughts with your friends. This helps avoid misunderstandings and conflicts.
Following these tips, you can keep your friendship warm and lasting.
Tips to Keep a Good Friendship Details
1. Be honest Honesty builds ______ between you and your friends.
2. Show empathy Try to understand your friends' ______ and offer help when they are sad.
3. Learn to forgive Don't hold ______ when your friends make mistakes.
4. Communicate often Talk about your feelings to avoid ______ and conflicts.
5. Conclusion These tips help keep friendship warm and ______.

答案解析
一、单词拼写。
kindness
解析：根据中文提示 “善意” 及首字母 “k”，确定为不可数名词 “kindness”，常用搭配 “show kindness to sb.”（对某人表示善意）。
embarrassed
解析：“尴尬的” 形容人的感受，用 - ed 结尾的形容词 “embarrassed”；若形容事物 “令人尴尬的”，则用 “embarrassing”，此处主语是 “she”，故填 “embarrassed”。
trust
解析：“信任” 对应首字母 “t” 的不可数名词 “trust”，句中 “mutual trust”（相互信任）是固定搭配，符合 “友谊的基础” 这一语境。
ignore
解析：根据中文 “忽视” 及首字母 “i”，确定为动词 “ignore”，空前有助动词 “Don't”，故用动词原
patience
解析：“耐心” 是不可数名词 “patience”，对应首字母 “p”，常用搭配 “need more patience”（需要更多耐心），符合 “教小孩” 的语境。
compromise
解析：“妥协” 对应首字母 “c” 的可数名词 “compromise”，空前有不定冠词 “a”，故用单数形式。
gossip
解析：“八卦”（指流言蜚语）是不可数名词 “gossip”，对应首字母 “g”，“spread gossip”（传播八卦）为常用搭配。
honesty
解析：“诚实” 是不可数名词 “honesty”，对应首字母 “h”，句中作主语，符合 “让大家愿意和他合作” 的语境。
conflict
解析：“冲突” 对应首字母 “c” 的可数名词 “conflict”，空前有不定冠词 “a”，故用单数形式，“a conflict between...and...”（…… 和…… 之间的冲突）是固定结构。
willingness
解析：“意愿” 对应首字母 “w” 的不可数名词 “willingness”，常用搭配 “have a willingness to do sth.”（有做某事的意愿）。
二、英汉短语互译
build bonds
解析：“建立” 用 “build”，“纽带” 用 “bonds”（常用复数形式，强调情感或关系纽带），“build bonds” 是单元核心短语。
misunderstand each other
解析：“误解” 是 “misunderstand”，“彼此” 是 “each other”，主语默认是复数，故动词用原形。
solve disagreements
解析：“解决” 用 “solve”（侧重解决问题、分歧），“分歧” 是 “disagreements”（常用复数），也可表达为 “resolve differences”，但 “solve disagreements” 更贴合单元语境。
feel lonely
解析：“感到” 用 “feel”，“孤独的”（主观感受）用 “lonely”；注意区分 “lonely”（表感受）和 “alone”（表状态，“独自一人”），此处需用 “lonely”。
respect each other
解析：“尊重” 是 “respect”，“互相” 是 “each other”，“respect each other” 是表达人际关系的基础短语。
为错误道歉
解析：“apologize for” 是固定搭配，意为 “为…… 道歉”，“mistakes” 是 “错误”，整体直译即可，符合日常表达习惯。
代沟
解析：“generation” 是 “一代、世代”，“gap” 是 “差距、隔阂”，“generation gap” 是固定名词短语，指 “不同年龄段之间的观念差异”，为单元重点短语。
对批评敏感
解析：“be sensitive to” 是固定搭配，意为 “对…… 敏感”，“criticism” 是 “批评”（不可数名词），整体按短语结构直译，准确传达含义。
与朋友和解
解析：“reconcile with sb.” 是固定搭配，意为 “与某人和解”，“a friend” 是 “朋友”，结合语境译为 “与朋友和解”，贴合单元 “修复人际关系” 的主题。
缺乏同理心
解析：“lack of” 是 “缺乏”，“empathy” 是 “同理心”（指理解他人感受的能力），为单元核心词汇，故译为 “缺乏同理心”。
三、单项选择
A. apologize
解析：句意 “如果你伤害了她的感情，你应该向她______”。选项 A “道歉”（apologize）符合语境；B “八卦”（gossip）、C “忽视”（ignore）、D “责怪”（blame）均与 “弥补伤害” 的逻辑不符，故选 A。
B. jealous
解析：句意 “我妹妹因为没有新自行车，所以对我的新自行车很______”。选项 B “嫉妒的”（jealous）符合 “因他人拥有自己没有的东西而羡慕 / 嫉妒” 的语境；A “慷慨的”（generous）、C “谦逊的”（humble）、D “成熟的”（mature）均与句意矛盾，故选 B。
A. Stop
解析：句意 “请______说话，认真听我讲”。本句是祈使句，需用动词原形开头，选项 A “Stop”（原形）符合祈使句结构；B “To stop”（不定式，表目的）、C “Stopping”（现在分词，表主动 / 进行）、D “Stopped”（过去分词，表被动 / 完成）均不能用于祈使句开头，故选 A。
C. reconciled
解析：句意 “他们昨天吵架了，但现在已经______”。选项 C “和解”（reconciled）符合 “吵架后恢复关系” 的逻辑；A “背叛”（betrayed）、B “谈判”（negotiated，侧重协商事务）、D “冒犯”（offended）均与 “矛盾化解” 的语境不符，故选 C。
B. Though
解析：句意 “______他年纪小，但他知道如何尊重别人”。前半句 “年纪小” 与后半句 “懂尊重” 是转折关系，选项 B “尽管”（Though，引导让步状语从句）符合逻辑；A “因为”（Because，表原因）、C “如果”（If，表条件）、D“自从 / 既然”（Since，表时间或原因）均不符合转折语境，故选 B。
四、句型转换
because of
解析：原句 “so” 引导结果状语从句，同义句需用介词短语表原因，“his shyness” 是名词短语，故用 “because of”（后接名词 / 名词短语）；注意区分 “because”（后接从句）和 “because of”（后接名词）。
and sings
解析：原句两个分句主语相同（My mother），均为一般现在时，合并时用并列连词 “and” 连接两个谓语动词，第二个 “sings” 需与 “tells” 保持时态一致（第三人称单数），故填 “and sings”。
should not
解析：原句含情态动词 “should”，否定句直接在 “should” 后加 “not”，缩写为 “shouldn't”，此处按题目空格数量（2 空）填 “should not”。
to talk
解析：直接引语 “Why not do sth. ”（为什么不做某事？）表建议，改为间接引语时，用 “advise sb. to do sth.”（建议某人做某事）结构，故填 “to talk”。
Why did
解析：原句划线部分 “because he didn't review them” 是原因，对原因提问用疑问词 “Why”；原句是一般过去时（forgot），助动词用 “did”，故填 “Why did”。
五、阅读理解
B. She was too shy to talk to others.
解析：定位第一段第二句 “She was too shy to talk to her classmates, and she worried that no one would like her.”，明确莉莉孤独的原因是 “太害羞不敢和别人说话”，A（不喜欢新学校）、C（同学不友好）、D（想念旧学校）均未在文中提及，故选 B。
A. She asked Lily to join her group.
解析：定位第一段最后两句 “Lucy smiled and said, 'Would you like to sit with us ' Lily was surprised but happy, so she joined Lucy's group.”，可知露西邀请莉莉加入自己的小组，B（嘲笑莉莉）、C（忽视莉莉）、D（告诉老师）与原文不符，故选 A。
B. She helped Lily correct her mistakes.
解析：定位第二段第二句 “When Lily made a mistake in her English homework, Lucy helped her correct it without laughing at her.”，明确露西帮莉莉批改作业错误，A（让莉莉抄作业）、C（教莉莉新爱好）、D（把莉莉介绍给老师）均未在文中提及，故选 B。
C. She realized she was wrong.
解析：定位第三段第二、三句 “Lily felt bad and wanted to say sorry but was too embarrassed. She remembered what Lucy had told her: 'Honesty and willingness to apologize help keep friendships.'”，可知莉莉想道歉，隐含 “意识到自己错了” 的逻辑，A（丢了作业）、B（怕露西讨厌她）、D（没人说话）均未在文中体现，故选 C。
B. Friendships need care and understanding.
解析：定位最后一段最后一句 “She knows that good friendships need care and understanding.”，这是文章主旨句，A（害羞有助于交朋友，与原文 “害羞让莉莉孤独” 矛盾）、C（吵架对友谊不好，文中未否定吵架，而是强调 “道歉和解”）、D（新生没有朋友，与原文 “莉莉最后有很多朋友” 矛盾），故选 B。
六、任务型阅读。
trust
解析：定位第二段第二句 “Honesty builds trust between you and your friends.”，直接提取名词 “trust”（不可数，无需变形式）。
feelings
解析：定位第三段第二句 “Try to understand your friends' feelings.”，直接提取名词 “feelings”（复数形式，与原文一致）。
grudges
解析：定位第四段最后一句 “Don't hold grudges for a long time.”，直接提取名词 “grudges”（常用复数，表 “怨恨”）。
misunderstandings
解析：定位第五段最后一句 “This helps avoid misunderstandings and conflicts.”，直接提取名词 “misunderstandings”（复数形式，与 “conflicts” 并列，保持形式一致）。
lasting
解析：定位最后一段最后一句 “Following these tips, you can keep your friendship warm and lasting.”，直接提取形容词 “lasting”（与 “warm” 并列，作宾语补足语）。