语法专项聚焦
过去进行时
1. 含义
表示在过去某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作。
2. 谓语构成
was/were + 动词的现在分词
主语是第一人称单数和第三人称单数时用 was,其余的都用 were。
3. 基本句型
(1) 肯定句:主语 + was/were + 动词的现在分词 + 其他。
例如:She was playing the piano at 8 am yesterday. 昨天上午 8 点她正在弹钢琴。
(2) 否定句:主语 + was/were + not + 动词的现在分词 + 其他。
例如:We weren’t listening to music at that time. 那时我们没有在听音乐。
(3) 一般疑问句及其回答:
Was/Were + 主语 + 动词的现在分词 + 其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + was/were.
否定回答:No, 主语 + wasn’t/weren’t.
例如:
— Were you working on the farm at that moment 那时你们正在农场工作吗?
— Yes, we were./No, we weren’t. 是的,我们在工作。/不,我们不在工作。
(4) 特殊疑问句:
疑问词(非主语)+ 一般疑问句?
疑问词(主语)+ was/were + 动词的现在分词 + 其他?
例如:
What were you doing at this time last night 昨天晚上这个时候你在做什么?
Who was singing at that time 那时谁在唱歌?
4. 常用的时间状语
at that time(在那时),at this time yesterday(在昨天的这个时候),at 6 am yesterday(在昨天早上 6 点),from 6 am to 9 pm last Sunday(上周日从早上 6 点到晚上 9 点)等。
例如:
He was watching TV at that time. 那时他正在看电视。
They were watching a movie at nine o’clock last night. 昨天晚上九点他们正在看电影。
5. 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
· 过去进行时:表示过去某一时刻或某时段正在发生或进行的动作
例如:She was playing basketball at 4 pm yesterday. 昨天下午 4 点她正在打篮球。
· 一般过去时:表示过去发生的动作或者存在的状态,所表示的动作往往已经完成
例如:She played basketball yesterday. 昨天她打篮球了。
拓展
过去进行时除了表示"过去某时刻或某时段正在发生的动作"之外,还常常用于讲故事的语境中。
6. when 与 while 的区别
在 when 引导的时间状语从句中,谓语动词可以是非延续性动词,也可以是延续性动词;而在 while 引导的时间状语从句中,谓语动词必须是延续性动词。
真题链接与语法专练
(1) (2024·福建中考)
When I saw Xiao Wang yesterday, he ______ an old man cross the road.
A. helps
B. was helping
C. will help
解析 我们可用"句意分析法"解答此题。根据句意"昨天我看见肖望时,他正帮助一位老人过马路"可知,此处强调在过去某个时间正在发生的动作,用过去进行时,故选 was helping。
答案 B
(2) (2024·云南中考)
— Helen, I didn’t see you in the classroom at five yesterday afternoon.
— Oh, I ______ singing for the graduation ceremony at that time.
A. will practice
B. have practiced
C. am practicing
D. was practicing
解析 我们可用"关键信息法"解答此题。根据时间状语 at five yesterday afternoon 和 at that time 可知,此处为在过去某个时间正在发生的动作,应用过去进行时,故选 was practicing。
答案 D
(3) (2024·江苏无锡中考)
Hey, John! What’s up I ______ a shower when you called.
A. had taken
B. have taken
C. was taking
D. am taking
解析 我们可用"语境分析法"解答此题。根据 when you called 可知,此处表示"你打电话时,我正在洗澡",应用过去进行时表达过去某个时刻正在发生的事情。故选 was taking。
答案 C
(4) (2024·黑龙江龙东中考)
While we ______ an English song, some visitors came into our classroom.
A. were singing
B. sang
C. are singing
解析 我们可用"语法分析法"解答此题。分析句子可知,此处是含有 while 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句。主句用一般过去时,从句应用过去进行时表示动作正在进行。故选 were singing。
答案 A
语法专练
I. 单项填空
1. (河北中考) I saw Bob in the garden. He ______ flowers there.
A. waters
B. has watered
C. is watering
D. was watering
2. It ______ heavily at this time last night.
A. rains
B. will rain
C. was raining
D. is raining
3. — Why didn't you go to the zoo with us yesterday afternoon
— Because I ______ at the station for my uncle from Beijing.
A. was waiting
B. have waited
C. am waiting
D. will wait
4. — What were you doing when I called you last night
— I ______ football with my father.
A. play
B. was playing
C. will play
D. played
5. — You look happy. Why
— I met an old friend of mine while I ______ on the street.
A. walks
B. walk
C. was walking
D. am walking
II. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1. — Why didn't you reply (答复) to my message
— Sorry. I ______ (help) my neighbour (邻居) look after her baby at that moment.
2. — I went to your house at 18:00 yesterday but you were not in.
— Oh, I ______ (have) dinner outside just then.
3. I was watching TV while my parents ______ (chat).
参考答案
I. 单项填空
1. D 由前句"I saw Bob in the garden.(我看到鲍勃在花园里)"为一般过去时可推知,后句应用过去进行时表示"(我看见他时)他正在那里浇花"。故选 D。
2. C 由时间状语 at this time last night 为过去的时间点可知,应用过去进行时。
3. A 由问句句意"昨天下午你为什么没和我们一起去动物园?"及选项可知,答语句意为"因为我(那时)正在车站等候我来自北京的叔叔"。故用过去进行时。
4. B 问句中的主句用的是过去进行时,故答语也应该用过去进行时,其谓语结构为"was/were + v.-ing",故选 B。
5. C 答语中主句用了一般过去时,while 引导的时间状语从句也要用过去的某种时态。故选 C。
II. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1. was helping 由问句句意"你为什么没有回复我的信息?"及答语中的 at that moment 可知,空格所在句应表示"我当时正在帮我的邻居照顾她的宝宝",因此用过去进行时。
2. was having 由句中的 just then(正在那时)可知,答语应表示"哦,我那时正在外面吃饭",表示当时正在进行的动作,用过去进行时。
3. were chatting 此处为含有 while 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句,表示主从句动作同时进行,由主句用了过去进行时可知,从句也用过去进行时。