培优补差系列之完形填空综合训练八(教师解析版)
学生完成试题 Cloze 8
【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have ____21____ the course earlier than she did. Her ____22____ came because she was carrying a ____23____ across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her ____24____ when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She ____25____ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with ____26____. She couldn’t. Bailey then ____27____ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____28____ attention.
Once there, Lenoue was ____29____ and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme ____30____ to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
As for Bailey, she is more ____31____ about why her act is considered a big ____32____. “She was just crying. I couldn’t ____33____ her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
Although the two young women were strangers before the ____34____, they’ve since become friends. Neither won the race, but the ____35____ of human kindness won the day.
21. A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished
22. A. delay B. chance C. trouble D. excuse
23. A. judge B. volunteer C. classmate D. competitor
24. A. race B. school C. town D. training
25. A. agreed B. returned C. stopped D. promised
26. A. courage B. aid C. patience D. advice
27. A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down
28. A. medical B. public C. constant D. equal
29. A. interrupted B. assessed C. identified D. appreciated
30. A. hunger B. pain C. cold D. tiredness
31. A. worried B. ashamed C. confused D. discouraged
32. A. game B. problem C. lesson D. deal
33. A. leave B. cure C. bother D. understand
34. A. ride B. test C. meet D. show
35. A. secret B. display C. benefit D. exchange
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. B
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是在明尼苏达州举行的一次越野赛中，Melanie Bailey背着另一个参赛者Danielle Lenoue过终点线并接受医疗检查的善行义举。
【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛。A. designed设计；B. followed跟随；C. changed改变；D. finished完成。根据下一段的“carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____8____ attention”可知，Bailey在比赛中背一名参赛者，所以完成比赛晚了，因此句子表示“Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛”。故选D。
【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。A. delay延误；B. chance机会；C. trouble麻烦；D. excuse借口。根据上文“Melanie Bailey should have ____1____ the course earlier than she did”和上一题的解析可知，Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛，她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。故选A。
【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。A. judge裁判；B. volunteer志愿者；C. classmate同学；D. competitor参赛者。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，她是背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。故选D。
【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：据当地一家报纸报道，当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候，她前面的一名选手开始痛苦地哭泣。A. race比赛；B. school学校；C. town城镇；D. training训练。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，此处是说“当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候”。故选A。
【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。A. agreed同意；B. returned回来；C. stopped停止；D. promised答应。根据下文“to help her fellow runner”可知，她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。故选C。
【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Bailey扶着她的胳膊，看看她能否帮助下向前走。A. courage勇气；B. aid帮助；C. patience耐心；D. advice建议。根据上文“Bailey took her arm”可知，此处表示看她是否能在她的帮助下向前走。故选B。
【27题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治疗的地方。A. went away离开； B. stood up站起来；C. stepped aside让路；D. bent down弯腰。根据下文“let Lenoue climb onto her back”可知，Bailey弯下腰，让勒诺爬到她的背上。故选D。
【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治疗的地方。A. medical医疗的；B. public公众的；C. constant持续不断的；D. equal平等的。根据上文“began crying in pain”可知，Danielle Lenoue很疼，所以是要接受治疗，medical attention意为“医疗救助”。故选A。
【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lenoue在那里接受了检查，后来被送往医院，在那里她得知自己的一个膝盖受了重伤。A. interrupted打断；B. assessed评估；C. identified识别；D. appreciated感激。根据下文“later taken to a hospital”可知，她是先接受了检查，再被送往医院，也就是先接受评估。故选B。
【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有Bailey的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站。A. hunger饥饿；B. pain疼痛；C. cold感冒；D. tiredness疲劳。根据第5空前的“began crying in pain”可知，此处表示“如果没有Bailey的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站”。故选B。
【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A. worried担心的；B. ashamed惭愧的；C. confused困惑的；D. discouraged泄气的。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑。故选C。
【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A. game游戏；B. problem问题；C. lesson课；D. deal交易，局面。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑，a big deal意为“非常重要的事”。故选D。
【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不能离开她。A. leave离开；B. cure治愈；C. bother打扰；D. understand理解。根据上文“She was just crying”以及Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺。可知，Bailey看见Lenoue哭喊，所以觉得不能离开她。故选A。
【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人，但后来她们成了朋友。A. ride短途旅程；B. test测试；C. meet体育比赛；D. show展示。根据第一段“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”及空前的“the two young women were strangers before”可知，当时是一场比赛，句子表示“这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人”。故选C。
【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：两人都没有赢得比赛，但展示出的人类善良赢得了胜利。A. secret秘密；B. display展示；C. benefit利益；D. exchange交换。根据第二段的“let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____8____ attention”可知，Bailey背着一个参赛者过终点，并背她去接受检查，这展示了人类的善良，故选B。
【全文参考翻译】
【2023年新高考全国I卷】10月11日，数百名跑步者在明尼苏达州参加了一场越野赛。梅兰妮·贝利本应比她实际完成的时间更早跑完赛程。她延迟的原因是因为她背着一位竞争对手越过了终点线。
据当地报纸报道，贝利已经跑完了赛程的三分之二以上，这时她前面的一名参赛者开始痛苦地哭泣。她停下来帮助她的跑友丹妮尔·勒努瓦。贝利搀着她的胳膊，想看看她是否能在帮助下往前走。但她做不到。于是贝利俯身让勒努瓦爬上她的背，背着她一路到达终点线，然后又继续走了300英尺，到了勒努瓦能够获得医疗救助的地方。
到达那里后，勒努瓦接受了检查，随后被送往医院。在医院她得知自己一侧膝盖严重受伤。如果没有贝利的帮助，她将要忍受极大的痛苦才能到达那个救助点。
至于贝利，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。"她当时只是在哭。我不能丢下她不管，"贝利告诉记者。"我觉得我只是做了正确的事。"
虽然这两位年轻女性在比赛前是陌生人，但她们自此成了朋友。两人都未能赢得比赛，但展示出的人类善良赢得了胜利。
综合训练
一、语块积累
参加一场…比赛 compete in a… race
本应做某事 should have done sth
3. 据报道 As reported by…
4. 三分之二 two-thirds of
痛苦地哭泣 crying in pain
在帮助下往前走 walk forward with aid
俯身，弯腰 bend down
爬到她的背上 climb onto her back
一路背着某人 carry sb all the way to…
获得医疗救助 get medical attention
严重受伤 serious injuries
本将做某事 would have done sth
成功做到 make it to…
没有某人的帮助 without sb’s help
至于，对于 as for
被认为是一件大事 be considered a big deal
做正确的事 do the right thing
赢得比赛 win the race
展现人性的善良 the display of human kindness
赢得了这一天（胜利） win the day
二、翻译句子
1、梅兰妮·贝利本应比她实际完成的时间更早跑完赛程。她延迟的原因是因为她背着一位竞争对手越过了终点线。
Melanie Bailey should have finished the course earlier than she did. Her delay came because she was carrying a competitor across the finish line.
2、于是贝利俯身让勒努瓦爬上她的背，背着她一路到达终点线，然后又继续走了300英尺，到了勒努瓦能够获得医疗救助的地方。
Bailey then bent down to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get medical attention.
3、到达那里后，勒努瓦勒努瓦接受了检查，随后被送往医院。在医院她得知自己一侧膝盖严重受伤。
Once there, Lenoue was assessed and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees.
如果没有贝利的帮助，她将要忍受极大的痛苦才能到达那个救助点。
She would have struggled with extreme pain to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
三、长难句分析&仿写练习
1、情态动词 +have done表示“虚拟”（与过去事实相反）
表示过去本应该、本能够或本打算做某事，但实际并没有做。
原句：Melanie Bailey should have finished the course earlier than she did.
解析： 这是一个虚拟语气结构，表示“过去本应该做某事，但事实上并没有做”。含义： “梅兰妮·贝利本应比她实际完成的时间更早跑完赛程。”
原句：She would have struggled with extreme pain to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
解析： 这是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句的另一种形式。条件由“without Bailey's help”引出，相当于“If it had not been for Bailey's help...”。含义： “如果没有贝利的帮助，她本将忍受极大的痛苦才能到达那个救助点。”
总结：
①should/ought to have done
含义：本应该做某事（但实际没做）常带有责备、惋惜、后悔等语气。
例句： You should have finished your homework earlier. （你本应该早点完成作业的。）（暗示你没完成）
否定式： should not have done 表示“本不该做某事”（但做了）。
例句： You shouldn't have told him the truth. He was so upset. （你本不该告诉他真相的。他非常难过。）
② could have done
含义：本来能够做某事（但没做）表示过去有能力或有机会做，但未付诸行动。
例句： I could have passed the exam if I had studied harder. （如果我当时更努力些，我本来能通过考试的。）
③would have done
含义：本来会做某事（但因某种原因未做）
例句： If you had told me, I would have helped you. （如果你当时告诉我，我本来会帮你的。）（事实是：你没告诉我，所以我没帮。）
仿写练习：
（1）我昨天有足够的时间，我本应该完成那份报告的，但我却去看电影了。
I had plenty of time yesterday. I should have finished that report, but I went to see a movie instead.
如果不是你及时的提醒，我本来会错过这个重要的会议。
If it hadn't been for your timely reminder, I would have missed the important meeting.
2、where
①then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get medical attention.
②she was treated and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries...
第一个 where：引导宾语从句
原句：Bailey then bent to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get medical attention.
解析：where Lenoue could get medical attention 这个从句充当了介词 to 的宾语，表示“去往一个能够获得医疗救助的地方”。在这个从句中，where 本身相当于“the place where”，但它整体上起名词作用。
第二个 where：引导非限制性定语从句
原句：Once there, Lenoue was treated and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees.
解析：where前面有逗号隔开，用来修饰其先行词 a hospital，在从句中，where 作地点状语，相当于 in the hospital。
仿写练习：
（1）探险者们最终到达了河流交汇的地方。
The explorers finally arrived where the two rivers met.
（2）我永远怀念我的母校，在那里我度过了最美好的六年时光。
I will always cherish the memory of my old school, where I spent the six best years of my life.
改编成语法填空
On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should 1.________ (finish) the course earlier. Her delay came because she stopped to help a 2.________ (compete) in front of her 3.________ was crying in pain.
4.________ reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was two-thirds through her race when she saw Danielle Lenoue. She helped Lenoue walk, but 5.________ became clear she couldn't. So Bailey carried her to the finish line and then 300 feet to 6. ________ she could get medical help.
Lenoue 7. ________ (take) to a hospital and later learned about her serious knee 8.________(injure). It would have been impossible 9.________ Bailey's help.
"I just did the right thing," Bailey said. The story proves that human kindness is 10.________ wins in the end.
【参考答案】
1. have finished 2.competitor 3. who 4. As 5. it
6. where 7.was taken 8. injury 9.without 10. what
作文仿写
按照所给汉语提示完成续写任务。
第一段开头语：
The final buzzer was about to sound, and the score was tied.
（终场哨声即将响起，比分持平。）
续写内容：
就在这时，我看到对方球员利奥摔倒在地，抱着脚踝，显然很痛苦。有那么一瞬间，喧闹的人群似乎安静了下来。 至于赢得比赛，我突然发现自己更关心他的状况。在赛前，我们完全是陌生人，但在那一刻，获胜感觉不重要了。我迅速做出决定，请求了暂停，冲过去查看他的情况，而不是执行最后一次投篮。我的队友们虽然惊讶，但很快明白了我的用意，也跟着我跑了过去。
Just then, I saw an opposing player, Leo, fall to the ground, grabbing his ankle in clear pain. For a moment, the roaring crowd seemed to go silent. As for winning the game, I suddenly found I was more concerned about his well-being. Before the event, we were complete strangers, but in that moment, winning felt unimportant. I made a quick decision and called for a timeout, rushing over to check on him instead of taking the final shot. My teammates, though surprised, soon understood and followed me.
第二段开头语：
A week later, I received a message from Leo.
（一周后，我收到了利奥发来的信息。）
续写内容：
他因受伤严重接受了治疗，并说如果没有我的帮助，他本将忍受剧痛才能成功回到替补席。他写道：“谢谢你没有丢下我在球场上。那份体育精神比任何奖杯都珍贵。”我回复道：“任何人都会这么做。这是正确的事。我很高兴你正在好好康复。”我们俩都未能赢得那场冠军赛，但我们彼此展现出的人性善良，以一种更有意义的方式赢得了胜利。真正的冠军不仅由胜利定义，更由品格定义。
He was treated for serious injuries and said he would have struggled with extreme pain to make it to the bench without my help. He wrote, "Thank you for not leaving me on the court. That act of sportsmanship meant more than any trophy." I replied, "Anyone would have done the same. It was the right thing to do. I'm just glad you're recovering well." Neither of us won that championship game, but the display of human kindness we showed each other won the day in a much more meaningful way. A true champion is defined not only by victory, but by character.培优补差系列之完形填空综合训练八(学生版)
Cloze 8
【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have ____21____ the course earlier than she did. Her ____22____ came because she was carrying a ____23____ across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her ____24____ when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She ____25____ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with ____26____. She couldn’t. Bailey then ____27____ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____28____ attention.
Once there, Lenoue was ____29____ and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme ____30____ to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
As for Bailey, she is more ____31____ about why her act is considered a big ____32____. “She was just crying. I couldn’t ____33____ her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
Although the two young women were strangers before the ____34____, they’ve since become friends. Neither won the race, but the ____35____ of human kindness won the day.
21. A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished
22. A. delay B. chance C. trouble D. excuse
23. A. judge B. volunteer C. classmate D. competitor
24. A. race B. school C. town D. training
25. A. agreed B. returned C. stopped D. promised
26. A. courage B. aid C. patience D. advice
27. A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down
28. A. medical B. public C. constant D. equal
29. A. interrupted B. assessed C. identified D. appreciated
30. A. hunger B. pain C. cold D. tiredness
31. A. worried B. ashamed C. confused D. discouraged
32. A. game B. problem C. lesson D. deal
33. A. leave B. cure C. bother D. understand
34. A. ride B. test C. meet D. show
35. A. secret B. display C. benefit D. exchange
综合训练
一、语块积累
1、 参加一场…比赛
2、 本应做某事
3、 据报道
4、 三分之二
5、 痛苦地哭泣
6、 在帮助下往前走
7、 俯身，弯腰
8、 爬到她的背上
9、 一路背着某人
10、 获得医疗救助
11、 严重受伤
12、 本将做某事
13、 成功做到
14、 没有某人的帮助
15、 至于，对于
16、 被认为是一件大事
17、 做正确的事
18、 赢得比赛
19、 展现人性的善良
20、 赢得了这一天（胜利）
二、翻译句子
1、梅兰妮·贝利本应比她实际完成的时间更早跑完赛程。她延迟的原因是因为她背着一位竞争对手越过了终点线。
2、于是贝利俯身让勒努瓦爬上她的背，背着她一路到达终点线，然后又继续走了300英尺，到了勒努瓦能够获得医疗救助的地方。
3、到达那里后，勒努瓦勒努瓦接受了检查，随后被送往医院。在医院她得知自己一侧膝盖严重受伤。
如果没有贝利的帮助，她将要忍受极大的痛苦才能到达那个救助点。
长难句分析&仿写练习
1、情态动词 +have done表示“虚拟”（与过去事实相反）
表示过去本应该、本能够或本打算做某事，但实际并没有做。
原句：Melanie Bailey should have finished the course earlier than she did.
解析： 这是一个虚拟语气结构，表示“过去本应该做某事，但事实上并没有做”。含义： “梅兰妮·贝利本应比她实际完成的时间更早跑完赛程。”
原句：She would have struggled with extreme pain to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
解析： 这是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句的另一种形式。条件由“without Bailey's help”引出，相当于“If it had not been for Bailey's help...”。含义： “如果没有贝利的帮助，她本将忍受极大的痛苦才能到达那个救助点。”
总结：
①should/ought to have done
含义：本应该做某事（但实际没做）常带有责备、惋惜、后悔等语气。
例句： You should have finished your homework earlier. （你本应该早点完成作业的。）（暗示你没完成）
否定式： should not have done 表示“本不该做某事”（但做了）。
例句： You shouldn't have told him the truth. He was so upset. （你本不该告诉他真相的。他非常难过。）
② could have done
含义：本来能够做某事（但没做）表示过去有能力或有机会做，但未付诸行动。
例句： I could have passed the exam if I had studied harder. （如果我当时更努力些，我本来能通过考试的。）
③would have done
含义：本来会做某事（但因某种原因未做）
例句： If you had told me, I would have helped you. （如果你当时告诉我，我本来会帮你的。）（事实是：你没告诉我，所以我没帮。）
仿写练习：（1）我昨天有足够的时间，我本应该完成那份报告的，但我却去看电影了。
如果不是你及时的提醒，我本来会错过这个重要的会议。
2、where
①then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get medical attention.
②she was treated and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries...
第一个 where：引导宾语从句
原句：Bailey then bent to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get medical attention.
解析：where Lenoue could get medical attention 这个从句充当了介词 to 的宾语，表示“去往一个能够获得医疗救助的地方”。在这个从句中，where 本身相当于“the place where”，但它整体上起名词作用。
第二个 where：引导非限制性定语从句
原句：Once there, Lenoue was treated and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees.
解析：where前面有逗号隔开，用来修饰其先行词 a hospital，在从句中，where 作地点状语，相当于 in the hospital。
仿写练习: （1）探险者们最终到达了河流交汇的地方。
（2）我永远怀念我的母校，在那里我度过了最美好的六年时光。
四、改编成语法填空
On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should 1.________ (finish) the course earlier. Her delay came because she stopped to help a 2.________ (compete) in front of her 3.________ was crying in pain.
4.________ reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was two-thirds through her race when she saw Danielle Lenoue. She helped Lenoue walk, but 5.________ became clear she couldn't. So Bailey carried her to the finish line and then 300 feet to 6. ________ she could get medical help.
Lenoue 7. ________ (take) to a hospital and later learned about her serious knee 8.________(injure). It would have been impossible 9.________ Bailey's help.
"I just did the right thing," Bailey said. The story proves that human kindness is 10.________ wins in the end.
五、作文仿写
按照所给汉语提示完成续写任务。
第一段开头语：
The final buzzer was about to sound, and the score was tied.
（终场哨声即将响起，比分持平。）
续写内容：
就在这时，我看到对方球员利奥摔倒在地，抱着脚踝，显然很痛苦。有那么一瞬间，喧闹的人群似乎安静了下来。 至于赢得比赛，我突然发现自己更关心他的状况。在赛前，我们完全是陌生人，但在那一刻，获胜感觉不重要了。我迅速做出决定，请求了暂停，冲过去查看他的情况，而不是执行最后一次投篮。我的队友们虽然惊讶，但很快明白了我的用意，也跟着我跑了过去。
第二段开头语：
A week later, I received a message from Leo.
（一周后，我收到了利奥发来的信息。）
续写内容：
他因受伤严重接受了治疗，并说如果没有我的帮助，他本将忍受剧痛才能成功回到替补席。他写道：“谢谢你没有丢下我在球场上。那份体育精神比任何奖杯都珍贵。”我回复道：“任何人都会这么做。这是正确的事。我很高兴你正在好好康复。”我们俩都未能赢得那场冠军赛，但我们彼此展现出的人性善良，以一种更有意义的方式赢得了胜利。真正的冠军不仅由胜利定义，更由品格定义。
