2026届高考英语二轮复习：五大基本句型 课件(共39张PPT)

(共39张PPT)
句子成分和五大基本句型
表
系
主
状
补
谓
成分解析
句子成分
你能将这两句话中的句子成分进行解析吗？
主
定
宾
I want you to find a yellow key to open the door.
The key is on your left.
成分解析
句子成分
主
宾
补
定
状
谓
表
一.主语（S）
句子的主体，全句述说的对象，作者或说话人要谈论的人、物、事，一般由名词,代词,数词,动词不定式，动名词或从句充当,常置于句首。
例如：1. I like eating.
2. Jane is good at playing the piano.
什么人，什么事
Please find the subject of the following sentences.
（It作形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
The sun rises in the east.
Twenty years is a short time in history.
The poor are now living in the shelter.
Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe.
He likes dancing.
What he needs is a book.
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
（名词）
（代词）
（数词）
（动名词）
（不定式）
（句子）
(名词化的形容词）
你能辨别出我的各位家人吗？
二.谓语（V）
一般由动词充当, 说明主语的动作或状态。
一般位于主语之后。
eg：1. I like eating.
2. The plane took off at 10 o'clock.
二.谓语（V）
（2） 复合谓语：情态动词/助动词 + 动词原形
系动词 + 表语
eg: 1. He can speak English well.
2. We are students.
3. Your idea sounds great.
：由 或 充当。
动词
动词短语
简单谓语
（1）
（情态动词＋动词原形）
（系动词＋表语）
（系动词＋表语）
找出句子中的谓语
1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.
2. We often speak English in class.
3. One-third of the students in this class are girls.
3. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.
4. Smoking does harm to the health.
5. The rich should help the poor.
谓语
找出句子中的谓语
6. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.
7. It is necessary to master a foreign language.
8. All of us laughed!
9. What he said was right.
10. Eight is a lucky number in China .
谓语
三、宾语（O）
在句子中主要充当动作的承受者，由名词或相当于名词的词充当，一般位于 及物动词（vt.)或 介词 (prep.)后。
Eg：1. I like swimming.
2. The boy needs a pen.
We had a wonderful time.
She took a fancy photo.
They left me a lot of money.
My sister sent me a bunch of flowers on my birthday.
I am fond of reading books.
He refused to go with us.
探索发现
找出下面句子的宾语
名词短语
代词
动名词
不定式
即学即练：判断下列句子划线部分是否为宾语。
1. He wanted to leave here. ( )
2. I often help my mother do housework. ( )
3. She learns English well. ( )
4. My father and my mother watch TV every evening. ( )
√
×
×
√
四、表语（P）
用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。由名词 、 代词、数词、分词、不定式、动名词、副词、形容词、介词短语等充当。常位于系动词之后，构成所谓的系表结构。
Eg：1. I am a student.
2. She is beautiful.
系动词分类 1. 状态 be动词（am/is/are）
2. 感官 look, taste, feel, smell, sound
3. 变化 grow, go, get, become, turn
4. 持续 Keep, stay, remain
5. 证明 prove
6. 好像 seem, appear
系动词
口诀：妆感正持续变好
找出句子中的表语
1. We are the master of our future.
2. The old man felt very sad.
3. Our country will become stronger
4. His father kept silent.
5. Your words seemed right.
表语
找出句子中的表语
6. The drink tastes quite wonderful.
7. In spring the trees turn green.
8. The boy is very clever.
9. No one remains young forever.
10. The girl has become skillful.
表语
五、补语（C）
补语主要分为主补和宾补。
宾补：英语中有些及物动词后接宾语，意义仍不完整，还需要一个补足语，才能使整个句子的意义完整。由名词 、副词、形容词 、分词、不定式、介词短语和从句等充当。
Eg：1. We had the car repaired.
2. I found the book interesting.
语法探究
I find learning English difficult.
We often find him at work.
I saw the kite up and down.
Tom made the girl (to) cry.
He asked me to come back.
I saw them getting on the bus.
I saw a man play the violin.
She had her car washed.
找出下面句子的宾补
六、状语
状语：1.修饰动词、形容词、副词或者整个句子，表示行为发生的时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度等
2.位置：句前/句后，被修饰的词前/后。
Eg: 1.I go to school at seven o’clock.
2.He reads the book in the room.
3.I work because I need money.
找出句子中的状语
1. We arrived at Shanghai at six yesterday.
2. She didn’t go to the party because of the rain.
3. Mr Smith lives in America.
4. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.
5. He was so tired that he fell asleep quickly.
状语
七、定语
定语：1.起修饰限制名词或代词的作用，一般由形容词、数词、动词不定式、从句等 ....的
2.位置：被修饰词前或后，可分为前置定语和后置定语
1.前置定语：位于修饰的词之前。
eg：They had a good time yesterday.
后置定语：位于所修饰的词之后。
eg：The book on the left shelf is mine.
单个形容词较短，做前置定语
短语较长，做后置定语
找出句子中的定语
1. The black bike is mine.
2. What's your name
3. I have five books.
4. They made paper flowers.
5. The book in the room is Jack’s.
定语
7大句子成分表
1．The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.
A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．定语
2．The secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching.
A．主语 B．同位语 C．宾语 D．宾语补足语
3．The girl was reading a story in a low voice.
A．宾补 B．谓语 C．间接宾语 D．表语
4．This is where we disagree with each other.
A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．表语
D
A
B
D
1．You will enjoy personal growth at high school.
A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．定语
2．All studying at university will be offered the opportunity to do voluntary work.
A．主语 B．谓语 C．定语 D．状语
3．Tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again.
A．状语 B．主语 C．谓语 D．宾语
4．You should register before Friday.
A．主语 B．状语 C．谓语 D．宾补
C
A
C
B
主语+谓语+宾语S+V+O
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语S+V+IO+DO
3. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语S+V+O+OC
简单句的五种基本句型
动词
系动词
不及物动词
及物动词
主语+系+表语S+V+P
主语+谓语S+V
不及物动词（vi.）
主语+谓语动词
The girl smiles.
主语
谓语动词
They come.
I leave.
Example:
Exercise:
主语
谓语动词
主语
谓语动词
常见的不及物动词有：
come, go, leave, arrive, fall, look, seem, work, fly, agree, listen等
1）Everything changes.
2）The sun rises.
3）Who cares
S
Vi
S
vi
1. 主+谓 （S+ Vi）
S
vi
及物动词（vt.）
主语+谓语动词+宾语
The boy loves the girl.
主语
谓语动词
They need a computer.
The fans watch the performance.
Example:
Exercise:
主语
谓语动词
主语
谓语动词
宾语
宾语
宾语
常见的及物动词有：
like, love, need, watch, enjoy等
2. 主+谓+宾 （S+ Vt + O）
1）She likes her work.
2）Few students like taking exams.
3）We love our country.
4）He enjoys reading.
S
Vt
O
S
S
S
Vt
Vt
Vt
O
O
O
双及物动词（vt.）
主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
The boy gives the girl a rose.
主语
谓语动词
They bring their parents a gift.
The man teaches them mathematics.
Example:
Exercise:
主语
谓语动词
主语
谓语动词
间接宾语
间接宾语
间接宾语
直接宾语
直接宾语
直接宾语
常见的双及物动词有：
give, bring, teach, tell, pass, offer, hand, show, lend, owe, buy等
4.主+谓+双宾 （S+ Vt + IO+ DO）
1） She teaches us English.
2）Grandma cooked us a nice meal.
3）She gave the baby a bath.
4）The boy asked me if I could speak Chinese.
Vt
S
IO
DO
Vt
S
IO
DO
Vt
S
IO
DO
Vt
S
IO
DO
复杂及物动词（vt.）
主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语
The rose makes the girl happy.
主语
谓语动词
They found the villagers friendly.
The man had his hair cut.
Example:
Exercise:
主语
谓语动词
主语
谓语动词
宾语
宾语
宾语
常见的复杂及物动词有：
make, find, have, remain, consider等
宾语补足语
宾语补足语
宾语补足语
5.主+谓+宾+宾补 （S+ Vt+ O+ OC）
1） Her lessons make us happy.
2）I found this book easy.
3）I saw a cat running across the road.
4）They painted the door green.
S
Vt
O
OC
S
S
S
Vt
Vt
Vt
O
O
O
OC
OC
OC
系动词
主语+系动词+表语
The rose is beautiful.
主语
The food tastes good.
The leaf became red.
Example:
Exercise:
主语
系动词
主语
系动词
系动词
表语
表语
表语
系动词（p.）
主语+系动词+表语
类别 系动词
状态类 be (am, is, are, was, were)
感官类 look, sound, taste, smell, feel
表象性 seem, appear
变化类 get, turn, grow, become, fall
持续性 stay, remain, keep, stand
结果性 prove, turn out
练习
判断句子结构类型
He smiled.
I know the answer.
Her face turned red.
The give me a book.
The painted the door green.
（S+V）
（S+V+O）
（S+V+P）
（S+V+IO+DO）
（S+V+O+C）
翻译下列句子并确定句子结构。
1. 猫在睡觉。
The cat is sleeping.
2. 他吃早餐。
He eats breakfast.
3. 这朵花很漂亮。
This flower is very beautiful.
4. 老师给我们发了新书。
The teacher gave us new books.
5. 他们选他当班长。
They chose him as the monitor.
主语
谓语
主语
谓语
宾语
宾语补足语
主语
系动词
表语
主语
谓语
间接宾语
直接宾语
主语
谓语
宾语
写一篇自我介绍（字数不限，需运用今天所学的简单句的5种句型）
Homework