(共34张PPT)
名词性从句
定义
结构
具体用法
一、定义:
在句中起______作用的各种从句,称为名词性从句。
分为:主从(__________前)、宾从(______之后)、表从(________后)
和同位语从句(________后)。
谓语
系动词
谓语
抽象名词
名词
That the earth is round is a fact.
I believe that you can do it.
The fact is that he lied to us.
The news that our country won the game excited us.
二、名词性从句结构:
That the earth is round is a fact.
I believe that you can do it.
The fact is that he lied to us.
I have no idea whether he will come.
连接词
从句
+
名词性从句---引导词汇总
that只起连接主句和从句的作用,在名词性从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。
that名词性从句在主句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。如:
That he will come is certain.
他将来,这是肯定无疑的。 (that 从句用作主语)
I noticed (that )he spoke English fluently.
我注意到他说英语很流利。 (that 从句用作宾语)
The problem is that we haven’t got enough money.
问题就是我们还没有足够多的钱。 (that 从句用作表语)
The fact that he loves Mary is clear to everyone.
他喜欢玛丽这一事实是人人都清楚的。(that 从句用作同位语)
由 that 引导的主语从句,为避免头重脚轻,常使用 it 做形式主语,从句后置,that 不可省略。
(1) It + be + 形容词 (necessary /likely/important /certain 等) + that 从句
(2) It + be + 名词 (短语)(a pity /a shame /no wonder ......等) + that 从句
(3) It + be + 过去分词 (said /told/reported .......................等) + that 从句
(4) It + 不及物动词 (seems, appears, happens, matters, turns out, occurs to sb 等) + that 从句
It occurred to him ______ he had an important conference to attend the next morning.
他突然想到,第二天上午他有重要的会议要参加。
注意:在 “It + be + suggested /advised/ordered /requested/insisted /required... + that 从句” 结构中,从句谓语应用 “should + 动词原形”--本质是虚拟语气。
eg: It is advised that students should review their lessons regularly.
if引导的宾语从句
I wonder if she will come to the party tonight.
(我想知道她今晚是否会来参加派对。 )
Please find out if there are any tickets left for the concert.
(请查明音乐还有没有剩余的票。 )
“whether 引导表示‘是否’的宾语从句,一般可与 if 互换,但以下情况除外” 的知识点例句:
1. whether 从句中有 or not
例句:I don't know whether he will come or not tomorrow.
(我不知道他明天是否会来。)
2. whether 做介词宾语
例句:Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
(一切都取决于我们是否有足够的钱。 )
whether主语从句
Whether he can solve the problem is still unknown.
(他是否能解决这个问题还不清楚 。
whether 引导主语从句,可放句首,不充当成分,表 “是否” )
It is uncertain whether she will accept the invitation.
(她是否会接受邀请还不确定 。也可用 it 作形式主语,whether 引导的从句后置 )
whether表语从句
The question is whether we should start now.
(问题是我们是否应该现在开始 。
whether 引导表语从句,表 “是否”,不充当成分 )
whether同位语从句(意义不完整需 “是否” 含义时 )
There is a doubt whether the plan will work.
(对于这个计划是否会奏效存在疑问 。
whether 引导同位语从句,补充说明 doubt 内容,表 “是否” )
as if 引导的从句(各类名词性从句表 “好像” )
主语从句(较少见,示例 )
It seems as if it will rain.(看起来好像要下雨了 。
as if 引导表语从句时更常见,这里把 it 作形式主语,as if 表 “好像”,不充当成分 )
宾语从句
He talks as if he knew everything.(他说话好像他什么都知道似的 。
as if 引导宾语从句,表 “好像” )
表语从句
It looks as if she is happy. (看起来她好像很开心 。
as if 引导表语从句,表 “好像” )
同位语从句(较少见,示例 )
The idea as if he is a hero is wrong.(那种好像他是个英雄的想法是错误的 。)
who-(表 “谁”,在从句中作主语、宾语 )
Who will win the game is still unknown.
(谁会赢得比赛还不清楚 。 )
I don’t know who broke the window.
(我不知道谁打碎了窗户 。 )
The question is who can solve this problem.
(问题是谁能解决这个问题 。 )
The news who will be promoted excited everyone.
(谁会得到晋升的消息让大家很兴奋 。
who 在同位语从句中作主语 ,解释 news 内容 )
whose (表 “谁的”,作定语 )
Whose plan is better is hard to decide.(谁的计划更好很难决定 。
whose 在主语从句中作定语,修饰 plan )
She asked me whose pen I borrowed.(她问我借了谁的钢笔 。
whose 在宾语从句中作定语,修饰 pen )
The problem is whose responsibility it really is.(问题是这到底是谁的责任 。
whose 在表语从句中作定语,修饰 responsibility )
The fact whose fault the accident was surprised no one.(事故是谁的过错这一事实没人觉得意外 。
whose 在同位语从句中作定语,修饰 fault ,解释 fact 内容 )
what (表 “什么”,作主语、宾语、表语、定语 )
What he said made everyone laugh.(他说的什么让大家都笑了 。
what 在主语从句中作宾语 ,指代所说内容 )
I can’t understand what you need.(我不明白你需要什么 。
what 在宾语从句中作宾语 )
The result is what we expected.(结果就是我们预期的样子 / 内容 。
what 在表语从句中作表语 ,表 “预期的事物” )
There’s a rumor what happened at the party.(有传言说派对上发生了什么 。
what 在同位语从句中作主语 ,补充 rumor 细节 )
which (表 “哪个、什么”,作主语、宾语、表语、定语 )
Which option is better needs further discussion.(哪个选项更好需要进一步讨论 。
which 在主语从句中作定语,修饰 option ,也可理解为整体作主语表 “选定内容” )
Tell me which book you like.(告诉我你喜欢哪本书 。
which 在宾语从句中作定语,修饰 book )
The question is which answer is correct.(问题是哪个答案是正确的 。
which 在表语从句中作定语,修饰 answer )
The decision which project to start first excited the team.(哪个项目先启动的决定让团队很兴奋 。
which 在同位语从句中作定语,修饰 project ,解释 decision 内容 )
when (表 “什么时候”,作时间状语 )
When he will arrive is still a question.
他什么时候到达还是个问题 。
I don’t know when she left the party.
我不知道她什么时候离开的派对 。
The problem is when we can finish the task.
问题是我们什么时候能完成任务 。
The news when the concert will be held excited fans.
音乐会什么时候举办的消息让粉丝们很兴奋 。
where (表 “什么地方”,作地点状语 )
Where she has gone puzzles everyone.
她去了什么地方让大家很困惑 。
I can’t remember where I put my keys.
我不记得我把钥匙放在什么地方了 。
The question is where we can find a quiet place.
问题是我们能在哪里找到安静的地方 。
The announcement where the new school will be built excited the community.
新学校将建在什么地方的公告让社区很兴奋 。
how (表 “怎样”,作方式状语 )
How he solved the problem surprises us.
他怎样解决的问题让我们很惊讶 。
I want to know how you made this cake.
我想知道你怎样做的这个蛋糕 。
The key is how we can improve our performance.
关键是我们怎样能提升表现 。
The instruction how the machine should be operated is clear.
机器怎样操作的说明很清楚 。
Why he resigned is still a secret.
他为什么辞职仍是个秘密 。
I don’t understand why they canceled the event.
我不明白他们为什么取消活动 。
The reason is why we need to cut costs.
原因是我们为什么需要削减成本 。
The explanation why the policy was changed satisfied no one.
政策为什么改变的解释没人满意 。
why (表 “为什么”,作原因状语 )
①判断从句类型--明确从句性质是名词
②分析从句句子成分--明确从句是否缺主干
③从句引导词在从句中作主干--找连接代词
④从句引导词在从句中作次要--找连接副词
⑤从句引导词在从句中不作成分--找连词
名词性从句引导词步骤
定语从句连接词与名词性从句连接词的区别:
连接词 在定语从句中 在名词性从句中
that 作主、宾、表;指人、和物;意思是先行词的意思,作宾语时可以省略,不能引导非限制性定从。 不充当成分,无含义,引导宾语从句时可以省略
which 作主、宾、表;指物和事;意思是先行词的意思,作宾语时可以省略。 充当定语,常与名词连用,意为 “哪一个 / 些”,不能省略。
what 不引导定语从句 作主、宾、表,指 “什么”,不能省略
how 不引导定语从句 作状语,意为如何,怎样或后加形容词使使
练习
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