2026届高考英语二轮复习：非谓语动词 课件(共67张PPT)

(共67张PPT)
非谓语动词
意义
形态
功能
I like ______ (play) the piano.
我喜欢弹钢琴。
本句中 like 是谓语动词，play 也是动词，但句子已经有谓语 like，所以 play 必须用非谓语形式 playing。
谓语动词 是一种受到“人称时态”限定的动词
非谓语动词 是一种不受到“人称时态”限定的动词
--失去了表达时间和人称的本领
I like ______ (play) the piano.
He likes ______ (play) the piano.
He is liking ______ (play) the piano.
playing
playing
playing
在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。
（简单来说，除了不作谓语，其它句子成分都可以用非谓语动词表示）。
非谓语动词—定义
为什么会有非谓语动词存在—功能
一个句子有且只能有一个动词作谓语。
（其他动词要在该句子中存在只能变成非谓语）。
I like ______ (play) the piano.
非谓语动词—形式
不定式 (to do)： 表示目的、未来或将发生的动作。
动名词/现在分词 (doing)：表示主动、进行或习惯性动作。
过去分词 (done)： 表示被动或已完成的状态。
非谓语动词课前检测
I.单项选择
1. The villagers plan ______ a new bridge over the river.
A. build B. building
C. to build D. built
2. —Would you like to go out for dinner tonight
— No, I'd rather ______ at home.
A. to eat B. eating
C. eat D. ate
3. The community worker is patient enough ______ to the old how to use Health Code(健康码).
A. explain B. explains
C. to explain D. explaining
4. My parents are used to ______ after supper.
A. walk B. walks
C. walking D. walked
5. —I have less homework than before!
— Me, too. Now, we have enough time ______ sports.
A. do B. doing
C. to do D. done
6. Turn the world into a big family, and we'll make people's wish ______ true earlier.
A. comes B. will come
C. come D. to come
7. It is necessary to learn ______ time and make good use of every minute.
A. to manage B. managing
C. to lose D. losing
8. My friend advises me ______ comedies to relax myself.
A. watch B. to watch
C. watching D. watched
9. The engineers will keep ______ the project with the manager of the company.
A. discuss B. discussed
C. discussing D. to discuss
10. If we just watched a TV program about space. I hope ______ on the moon one day.
A. walk B. walked
C. walking D. to walk
11. — It takes me half an hour ______playing the piano. How about you
—I usually spend 20 minutes ______it.
A. practicing; practicing B. to practice; to practice
C. to practice; practicing D. practicing; to practice
12. — Why not ______ to the park now
—Good idea! Let's go.
A. go B. to go
C. goes D. going
非谓语动词的完整形式
非谓语 之 不定式to do
不定式的 完整形式 主动形式 被动形式 与谓语动词的关系 含义
一般式 to do to be done 与谓语动词同时发生， 或在其后发生 要做/去做
进行式 to be doing — 与谓语动词同时发生 正在做
完成式 to have done to have been done 动作发生在谓语动词之 前 已经做过
完成进行式 to have been doing — 动作发生在谓语动词之前，并持续反复发生 之前一直在做
一般式 He hopes to pass the exam. The room needs to be cleaned.
进行式 They seem to be arguing. —
完成式 She claims to have seen the movie. The car appears to have been repaired.
完成进行式 He pretended to have been studying. —
1. 一般式 (to do / to be done)
主动 (to do):
He hopes to pass the exam.
翻译： 他希望通过考试。
解析： "to pass" 表示未来的目标动作。
被动 (to be done):
The room needs to be cleaned.
翻译： 这个房间需要被打扫。
解析： "to be cleaned" 表示被动，强调房间需要被清理。
2. 进行式 (to be doing)
主动 (to be doing):
They seem to be arguing.
翻译： 他们似乎正在争吵。
解析： "to be arguing" 强调动作正在进行，带有推测意味。
现在分词 (doing) They are arguing. 用于进行时态或作定语/状语
不定式进行式 (to be doing) They seem to be arguing. 接在 seem/appear 后，表示推测正在发生的动作
They seem to be arguing. They seem arguing.
为什么不直接用arguing而是用不定式的进行式？
“seem” 是系动词，后面通常接 形容词、名词或不定式，而不能直接接现在分词（arguing）。
正确结构：seem + to do（不定式）或 seem + adj.（形容词）。
一、句子结构要求
二、语义区别
用 "to be arguing"（不定式进行式）：
强调 "看起来正在发生" 的动作，带有推测或观察的含义。
They seem to be arguing. （= 他们看起来像是在吵架。）
She seems to be crying. （= 她好像正在哭。）
3. 完成式 (to have done / to have been done)
主动 (to have done):
She claims to have seen the movie.
翻译： 她声称已经看过这部电影。
解析： "to have seen" 表示动作发生在谓语动词 "claims" 之前。
被动 (to have been done):
The car appears to have been repaired.
翻译： 这辆车似乎已经被修理过了。
解析： "to have been repaired" 强调被动且已完成。
4. 完成进行式 (to have been doing)
主动 (to have been doing):
He pretended to have been studying.
翻译： 他假装一直在学习。
解析： "to have been studying" 表示动作在过去持续进行，并可能仍在继续。
关键点：
一般式 → 表示将来或习惯性动作。
进行式 → 强调动作正在进行。
完成式 → 表示动作已完成（主动/被动）。
完成进行式 → 强调过去持续的动作。
据说安琪要离开这座城市。
Angel is said （leave）the city.
Practice：
to leave
解析：
leave动作发生在say之后
用to leave表示"将要离开"
主动语态
据说安琪已经离开了这座城市。
Angel is said （leave）the city.
to have left
据说桥要被建。
The bridge is said (build).
Practice：
to be built
据说桥正在被建。
The bridge is said (build).
to be being built
据说桥已经建好了。
The bridge is said (build).
to have been built
补充要点
在某些动词、助动词或结构后，不定式符号 to 被省略，直接用动词原形。

常见情况：
在情态动词后： can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must
【You must go now.】
在感官动词后： see, hear, feel, watch, notice, observe + 宾语 + 动词原形 (表示动作全过程)
【I saw him enter the building.】
在使役动词后： let, make, have + 宾语 + 动词原形 (注意： get + 宾语 + to + 动词原形)
【Let me help you. / She made him apologize.】
在助动词 do 后：用于构成疑问句、否定句或强调
【Do you know him / I didn't see him. / I do love you.】
在固定短语后： had better, would rather, would sooner, rather than, cannot but 等
【You had better leave now. / I would rather stay home.】
非谓语 之 现在分词 doing
现在分词的 完整形式 主动形式 被动形式 与谓语动词的关系 含义
一般式 doing being done 与谓语动词同时发生 正在做
完成式 having done having been done 动作发生在谓语动词 之前 之前已经在做
1. 一般式
主动形式（doing）
例句：
Following the teacher, two students came to the classroom.
翻译： 跟着老师，两个学生来到了教室。
解析：
follow动作与come同时发生
用现在分词following表示伴随动作
主动语态
被动形式（being done）
例句：
Being beaten, the boy is crying.
翻译： 男孩正在挨打，哭着。（边打边哭）
解析：
beat动作与cry同时发生
用being beaten表示"正在被打"
被动语态
2. 完成式
主动形式（having done）
例句：
Having finished the homework, the boy played outside.
翻译： 已经完成了家庭作业，男孩出去玩了。
解析：
finish动作发生在play之前
用having finished表示"已经完成"
主动语态
被动形式（having been done）
例句：
Having been beaten, the boy cried.
翻译： 男孩之前被打了，哭了。
解析：
beat动作发生在cry之前
用having been beaten表示"之前被打了"
被动语态
过去分词（done）的被动用法解析
核心特点
唯一形式：过去分词只有一种形式（done），表示被动或完成状态。
被动含义：天然带有被动语态属性，不区分时间（需通过上下文判断）。
非谓语动词的功能
to do 不定式
内涵：表目的、将来
主语：To drop out of school now is not a good idea. 现在辍学不是个好主意。
(具体、一次性的动作)
宾语：I want to study abroad. 我想出国留学。
表语：My dream is to become a teacher. 我的梦想是成为一名老师。
定语：I have many assignments to do. 我有很多作业要做。
(表示动作即将发生，后置定语)
状语：He got up early to catch the first bus. 他早起是为了赶上第一班公交车。
补语：He is said to have studied abroad. 据说他在国外学习过。(主语补足语)
To eat an apple every day is good for a child.
一天吃一个苹果对小朋友有好处.
It is good for a child to eat an apple every day .
一天吃一个苹果对小朋友有好处.
It is adj for sb. to do sth.
做某事对某人来说是怎么样的
不定式作主语
有时为了避免头重脚轻，常用 it 作形式主语，置于句首，而把真正的主语置于句末。
It is adj of sb. to do sth.
侧重于说明事（不定式的复合结构所描述的事）。此结构中常用 difficult, hard, easy, important, impossible, necessary 等表示客观情况的形容词。
侧重于说明人（即不定式的逻辑主语）。此结构中常用 clever, good, kind, nice, wise, polite, foolish, stupid, wrong, careless 等表示赞扬或批评的形容词。
It is easy for you to study English.
对你来说，学英语很简单。
It is kind of you to lend me so much money.
你真是太好了，借给我那么多钱。
It is foolish of you______others for their mistakes.
A. forgive B. forgiven
C. not forgive D. not to forgive
强调事情
强调人品
D. not to forgive
The child wants to eat the delicious cake.
I think to eat an apple every day important .
I think it important to eat an apple every day.
不定式作宾语
不定式作定语
不定式作后置定语的特殊用法的知识点：
(1)当名词前有 first（第一 ）、last（最后 ）、next（下一个 ）、only（唯一的 ）、序数词（如 the second 第二 ）、形容词最高级（如 the best 最好的 ）等修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语来修饰该名词，说明其具体内容 。
“He is always the first person to come and the last to leave.” 里，
“to come” 修饰 “the first person”，“to leave” 修饰 “the last” ，
(2)当修饰的名词是 ability, attempt, chance, opportunity, commitment, desire, decision, effort, promise, time, way, wish 等表示能力、企图、机会、努力等意义的抽象名词或复合不定代词 something, nothing, anything 等时，常用不定式作定语。
The new computer game gives children the chance ______ life as a river.
A. experienced
B. being experienced
C. to experience
D. having experienced
(3) 作定语的不定式后面有不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面需有相应的介词。
Tom has a comfortable house to live in
汤姆有一幢可以住的舒适的房子。
如果不定式所修饰的名词是 time, place 或 way，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。
He had no place to live.
他没有地方住。
不定式作定语
不定式作表语
sb. + be + said/reported/thought/believed/supposed to do...
意为 “据说 / 据报道 / 大家认为...”
该句型相当于 It is said/reported/thought/believed/supposed + that...
He is said to study abroad but I don't know in which country he will be.
(动作尚未发生)
据说他要去国外学习，但我不知道他会在哪个国家。
He is said to be studying abroad but I don't know in which country he is.
(动作正在进行)
据说他正在国外学习，但我不知道他在哪个国家。
He is said to have studied abroad but I don't know in which country he was.
(动作发生在谓语动作之前)
据说他以前在国外学习过，但我不知道在哪个国家。
Mr. Green is reported ______ an experiment about the theory when he was young.
A. to have done
B. to do
C. to be doing
D. to have been doing
“to have done” 是不定式的完成式，表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词 “is reported” 之前。
在这里，“做实验” 是在 “被报道” 之前就已经完成的动作（因为是年轻时做的实验，然后现在才被报道），所以 “to have done” 符合语境。
in order to do 可放在句首或句中，而 so as to do 只能放在句中。
Tom made a big cage to keep in order to keep/so as to keep the sick little bird.
汤姆做了个大笼子来养这只生病的小鸟。
______ a doctor in a hospital, one must end at least a master's degree.
A. To become
B. Become
C. One becomes
D. On becoming
不定式作状语
形式 意义 例句
only to do 结果却，不料 （出乎意料的结果） I hurried to school, only to find the gate is locked.
我匆忙赶到学校，却发现大门是锁着的。
...enough to do 足够…… 能做…… He is old enough to take care of himself.
他足够大了，能照顾自己。
too...to do 太…… 而不能…… The box is too heavy to carry. 这个箱子太重了
不定式作目的状语
不定式作结果状语
注意：现在分词doing也可以作结果状语，表示一种自然而然的或意料之中的结果。
The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing more patients to be treated.
这家医院最近获得了新的医疗设备，能够使更多的病人接受治疗。
European football is played in many countries, ______ it one of the most popular sports in the world.
A. making
B. makes
C. made
D. to make
不定式作原因状语
不定式常与表示情感、状态的形容词连用，如 glad, happy, delighted, surprised, shocked, anxious, excited, astonished, proud, disappointed 等。
I was delighted to hear the good news. 听到这个好消息我很开心。
We were very astonished ______ the temple still in its original condition.
A. finding
B. to find
C. find
D. to be found
不定式作主语
不定式作宾语
不定式作定语
不定式作表语
不定式作状语
-ing 形式
动名词
内涵：具有名词性质，表示习惯性或抽象化的动作。
主语：Running is good for our health. 跑步对我们的健康有好处。 (抽象习惯性的动作)
宾语：I suggest traveling abroad next week. 我建议下周出国旅游。 (动宾)
Give me your reason for doing it. 告诉我你做这件事的理由。 (介宾)
表语：My hobby is playing basketball. 我的爱好是打篮球。
定语：I am fond of the swimming pool. 我喜欢这个游泳池。[表示所修饰词的用途，只能前置]
现在分词
内涵：表主动、正在进行
表语：This book is extremely interesting. 这本书非常有趣。 {-ing 修饰物}
定语：The swimming boy is Tom. 正在游泳的男孩是汤姆。[表示动作正在进行，可前置，可后置]
The girl reading English is my sister. 正在读英语的那个女孩是我妹妹。(主动，正在发生)
状语：Working hard, you'll certainly succeed. 只要努力学习，你肯定会成功。
补语：Don't leave her waiting outside in the rain. 别让她一直在外边雨里等着。
It is no use arguing with her.
与她争论没有用。
It is much fun playing with children.
和孩子们玩很开心。
doing形式在句中作 真正主语
no use/good
It + be + （much）fun + doing sth.
useless
It is no use____to him. He is always indifferent to others' matters.
A. turn
B. turn
C. turning
D. turned
done 过去分词
内涵：表被动、完成
表语：She is excited about the new. 她对这个消息感到兴奋。 {-ed 修饰人}
定语：The broken glass is white. 那个破杯子是白色的。
The meeting held yesterday was very important. 昨天举行的那场会议很重要。
(被动，已经完成)
状语：Moved by the story, he decided to study hard.
他被这个故事感动了，决定努力学习。
补语：He found the door locked. 他发现那个门锁上了。
非谓语动词作宾语的比较
只接不定式作宾语
hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, tend, pretend, manage, agree, attempt, choose, refuse/decline, afford, determine, promise, happen, prepare, volunteer, hesitate
只接动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语
mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest/advise, finish, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, escape, risk, consider, delay, postpone, deny, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, give up, pay attention to, stick to, insist on
接不定式或动名词
都可以
意义基本相同
（接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为）：
begin/start (开始), like/love (喜欢), hate (厌恶), prefer (更喜欢), continue (继续)；
need, want, require
（接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式，
即 need/want/require doing = need/want/require to be done）
意义不同：
remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事 (未做) ；
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 (已做)
regret to do sth. 遗憾地要做某事 (未做) ；
regret doing sth. 后悔已经做过某事 (已做)
go on to do sth. 接着做另外一件事 ；
go on doing sth. 接着做同一件事
stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 ；
stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事
try to do 设法、尽力、努力去做 ；
try doing 尝试做某事
mean to do sth. 打算做某事 ；
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
can’t help to do sth. 不能帮忙做某事 ；
can’t help doing sth.=can’t help but do sth. 忍不住做某事
接不定式或动名词
都可以
forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事 (未做) ；
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 (已做)
Nowadays, it seems that no one can avoid ______ the Internet.
being used B. to use C. used D. using
I still remember ______ her for the first time in Shanghai.
to meet B. to have met C. met D. meeting
I have to leave now, so I can't help ______ the house.
A. cleaning B. to clean C. cleaned D. having cleaned
感官动词 + 宾语 + 宾补
感官动词 用法 意义 例子
see,
notice,
observe,
watch,
hear,
look at, 等 + sb. do sth. 看到 / 听到某人做了某事 （强调整个过程或事实） I heard her sing an English song just now.
刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。
+ sb. doing sth. 看到 / 听到某人正在做某事 I heard her singing an English song.
我听见她正在唱一首英文歌。
+ sth. done 看到 / 听到某事被做 I saw the thief caught by the police.
我看到小偷被警察抓住了。
注意：感官动词转换为被动结构时，后面作主语补足语的动词不定式要带 to。
Someone was heard to come up the stairs. 听见有人上楼了。
I was almost asleep last night when I suddenly heard someone ______ at the door.
A. is knocking
B. knocking
C. to knock
D. having knocked
I've never seen the young man ______ next to the manager before.
A. sits
B. sat
C. sitting
D. to sit
doing (表主动且进行)
to do (表将来)
done (表被动且完成)
with/without + 宾语 +
With a meeting to be held tomorrow, the manager feels very anxious.(表被动，表将来)
明天有一场会议要举行，经理感到非常焦虑。
With a meeting being held at present, the manager is not available.(表被动，表正在进行)
由于此刻正在开会，经理没空。
With a meeting held yesterday, the manager felt relaxed.(表被动，表完成)
昨天举行了会议，经理感到放松。
with/without + 宾语 + 宾补 [with 复合结构]
With the guide ______ the way, we set off on foot on a dark night.
A. leading
B. to lead
C. led
D. being led
All morning he worked in his office with the door______.
A. lock
B. locked
C. locking
D. to lock
使役动词 用法 意义 例子
let, make + sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 He made his workers work 12 hours a day.
他让他的工人们每天工作 12 个小时
+ sb./sth. done 使某人 / 某事被做 He tried to make himself understood.
他尽量把自己的意思表达清楚了。
have + sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 He had me throw them out of the club.
他叫我把他们轰出了俱乐部。
+ sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事 He had his audience listening attentively.
他抓住了听众的注意力。
+ sth. done 使某事被做 We're having our car repaired.
我们的车正在修理。
使役动词 + 宾语 + 宾补
注意:
使役动词 make 转换为被动结构时，后面作主语补足语的动词不定式要带 to。
He was made to deal with the tough task.
他被要求去处理这项棘手的任务。
①have sth. done 可表示 “遭遇某种不幸的事”。
Tom had his leg broken while playing football.
汤姆踢足球时摔断了腿。
②have sb. doing sth. 用于否定句时，have 有 “允许，容忍” 之意。
I won't have you speaking to your dad like that.
我不允许你对你父亲那样讲话。
Let us all ______ what the doctors and nurses did for us.
A. remembering
B. to remember
C. remember
D. remembered
I had the walls of that bedroom ______ last week, so I didn't go shopping.
A. to painting
B. paint
C. painted
D. painting
步骤 ① 确定非谓语 判断句中是否有谓语动词，有就选非谓语动词，没有就选谓语动词 ② 看逻辑主谓 判断与非谓语动词的逻辑主语是主谓 (主动) 关系 (doing、to do) 还是动宾 (被动) 关系 (done) ③ 看时间关系 比较非谓语动作与谓语动作的先后 having done（之前发生）/ doing（同时发生）
④ 看固定搭配 某些动词后必须接特定形式 如：avoid doing（必须用动名词）
非谓语动词解题四步法
We visited the small village lying (lie) south of the lake.
(lie “位于” 与 village 是主动关系)
Having worked (work) all night, he was very tired.
(work 与 he 是主动关系，且发生在谓语动作之前)
Given (give) more time, she could have done the job better.
(give 与 she 是被动关系)
The hunter walked slowly in the forest, followed (follow) by his dog.
(follow 与 the hunter 是被动关系)
I look forward to the activity to be held (hold) tomorrow.
(hold 与 hold 是被动关系，且不定式表将来)
To achieve (achieve) what I want, I must use my time well.
(不定式表目的)
Practice
fill in the blank