“十一国庆大礼包”
——人教版九年级英语全册
Unit 1 How can we become good learners (夯实基础)
一、 核心词汇(深度解析+场景拓展)
(一)学习工具与学科类名词
1. textbook / tekstb k/
词性:n.(教科书;课本)
用法细节:特指学校课程配套的正式教材,有明确教学目标与知识点体系,区别于“reference book”(参考书)、“storybook”(故事书)。常见搭配“follow the textbook”(跟着课本学)、“take notes in the textbook”(在课本上做笔记),前常用定冠词“the”(特指某本课本)或不定冠词“a”(泛指一本课本)。
例句:Our English teacher asks us to read the textbook carefully before each lesson.(英语老师要求我们每节课前认真读课本。);She bought a new math textbook because her old one was lost.(她买了一本新的数学课本,因为旧的丢了。)
2. sentence / sent ns/
词性:n.(句子);v.(判决;宣判)
用法细节:作名词时,可按结构分为“simple sentence”(简单句)、“compound sentence”(复合句)、“complex sentence”(复杂句),常见搭配“make a sentence”(造句)、“analyze a sentence”(分析句子)、“remember sentence patterns”(记句型);作动词时多用于法律语境,如“The judge sentenced him to three years in prison.”(法官判处他三年监禁),本单元主要考查名词用法。
例句:The teacher asked us to make five sentences with the new word “patient”.(老师让我们用新单词“patient”造五个句子。)
3. physics / f z ks/ & chemistry / kem stri/
词性:n.(物理;化学,均为不可数名词)
用法细节:表示学科时首字母小写,如“study physics”(学物理)、“a chemistry class”(化学课);指“物理/化学性质”时,可搭配“the physics of light”(光的物理性质)、“the chemistry of water”(水的化学性质)。
例句:He is good at physics and often helps his classmates with difficult problems.(他擅长物理,经常帮同学解决难题。);We did an interesting experiment in chemistry class yesterday.(昨天我们在化学课上做了一个有趣的实验。)
(二)学习动作与能力类动词
1. repeat /r pi t/
词性:v.(重复;重做)
用法细节:可及物也可不及物,“repeat sth.”(重复某物,如单词、句子、动作)、“repeat doing sth.”(重复做某事)、“repeat after sb.”(跟着某人重复)。常见拓展“repeat a mistake”(重复犯一个错误)、“repeat an order”(重复一个命令),本单元多用于语言学习场景,如“repeat the dialogue”(重复对话)、“repeat the pronunciation”(重复发音)。
例句:To improve your spoken English, you should repeat the tape as often as possible.(为了提高英语口语,你应该尽可能多地跟着磁带重复。)
2. note /n t/
词性:n.(笔记;便条;音符);v.(注意;指出)
用法细节:作名词时,“take notes”(做笔记)为固定搭配,“notes”常用复数,可搭配“take detailed notes”(做详细笔记)、“review notes”(复习笔记);“a note to sb.”(给某人的便条),如“leave a note for mom”(给妈妈留张便条);“musical notes”(音符)。作动词时,“note sth.”(注意到某事)、“note that从句”(指出……),如“Please note that the deadline is tomorrow.”(请注意截止日期是明天)。
例句:I always take notes in class so that I can review what the teacher said.(我上课总是做笔记,以便复习老师讲的内容。);She noted that there were some grammar mistakes in his composition.(她指出他的作文里有一些语法错误。)
3. increase / n kri s/(v.);/ kri s/(n.)
词性:v.(增加;增长);n.(增加;增长)
用法细节:作动词时可及物或不及物,“increase sth.”(增加某物),如“increase vocabulary”(增加词汇量)、“increase speed”(提高速度);“increase by + 百分比”(增加了……百分比)、“increase to + 具体数量”(增加到……数量),如“The population increased by 5% last year.”(去年人口增长了5%);“The number of students increased to 2000.”(学生人数增加到了2000人)。作名词时,“an increase in sth.”(某物的增加),如“an increase in sales”(销售额的增长)。
例句:Reading English newspapers every day can help increase your reading speed.(每天读英语报纸能帮助提高你的阅读速度。)
(三)情感与态度类形容词
1. patient / pe nt/
词性:adj.(有耐心的);n.(病人)
用法细节:作形容词时主语多为人,“be patient with sb.”(对某人有耐心)、“be patient of sth.”(容忍某事),如“She is patient with children.”(她对孩子有耐心);“He is patient of hardships.”(他能忍受苦难)。作名词时指“接受治疗的病人”,如“The doctor is talking to his patients.”(医生正在和他的病人交谈)。常见拓展:副词“patiently”(耐心地),如“wait patiently”(耐心等待);名词“patience”(耐心),“lose patience”(失去耐心)。
例句:Learning a language takes time, so you need to be patient with yourself.(学习语言需要时间,所以你要对自己有耐心。)
2. active / kt v/
词性:adj.(活跃的;积极的;主动的)
用法细节:可修饰人或事物,“an active student”(积极的学生)、“an active lifestyle”(活跃的生活方式)、“active voice”(主动语态,对应“passive voice”被动语态)。常见搭配“be active in sth.”(积极参与某事),如“be active in sports”(积极参与运动)、“be active in class”(课堂上积极发言)。拓展:动词“act”(行动;表演),名词“activity”(活动,复数“activities”)、“action”(行动)。
例句:She is an active member of the English club and often organizes activities.(她是英语俱乐部的积极成员,经常组织活动。)
(四)单词转换与语境应用
aloud/loud/loudly:“aloud”为副词,表“出声地”,如“read aloud”(大声读);“loud”为形容词,表“响亮的”,如“a loud voice”(响亮的声音);“loudly”为副词,表“喧闹地”(含贬义),如“talk loudly”(大声喧哗)。
例句:The music is too loud—can you turn it down (音乐太吵了,能调小点儿吗?);They talked loudly in the library, which made others angry.(他们在图书馆里大声说话,惹恼了别人。)
memory/memorize/memorable:“memory”为名词,表“记忆”,如“have a good memory”(记忆力好);“memorize”为动词,表“记忆”,如“memorize new words”(记新单词);“memorable”为形容词,表“难忘的”,如“a memorable trip”(难忘的旅行)。
例句:I need to memorize all the key points before the exam.(我需要在考试前记住所有重点。);It was a memorable trip because I made many new friends.(这是一次难忘的旅行,因为我交了很多新朋友。)
discover/discovery/discoverer:“discover”为动词,表“发现”,如“discover a new place”(发现一个新地方);“discovery”为名词,表“发现”,如“an important discovery”(一项重要发现);“discoverer”为名词,表“发现者”,如“the discoverer of electricity”(电的发现者)。
例句:The discovery of electricity changed human life greatly.(电的发现极大地改变了人类生活。);Columbus is the discoverer of America.(哥伦布是美洲的发现者。)
able/ability/unable:“able”为形容词,表“能够的”,如“be able to speak English”(会说英语);“ability”为名词,表“能力”,如“the ability to learn”(学习能力);“unable”为形容词,表“不能的”,如“be unable to attend”(无法参加)。
例句:She has the ability to solve difficult problems.(她有解决难题的能力。);He was unable to attend the meeting because he was ill.(他因为生病无法参加会议。)
connect/connection/connected:“connect”为动词,表“连接”,如“connect two cities”(连接两个城市);“connection”为名词,表“联系”,如“a connection between two things”(两件事之间的联系);“connected”为形容词,表“有联系的”,如“be connected with”(与……有关)。
例句:There is a strong connection between diet and health.(饮食和健康之间有密切的联系。);This event is connected with his past experience.(这件事和他过去的经历有关。)
二、高频短语(功能分类+拓展辨析)
(一)学习方法与技能提升类
1. ask sb. for help(向某人寻求帮助)
功能:解决学习中遇到的困难,可具体说明“help”的内容,如“ask sb. for help with grammar”(向某人求助语法问题)。
拓展:同义短语“turn to sb. for help”(求助于某人),如“When he has trouble in English, he always turns to his teacher for help.”(当他英语有困难时,总是向老师求助)。
例句:If you don’t understand how to use this phrase, you can ask your deskmate for help.(如果你不知道怎么用这个短语,可以向同桌求助。)
2. listen to tapes(听磁带)
功能:提升听力理解和发音能力,是语言学习的基础方法之一。
拓展:结合现代学习场景,可延伸为“listen to English podcasts”(听英语播客)、“listen to English news”(听英语新闻)、“listen to English songs”(听英语歌曲),不同材料针对不同能力(如新闻提升时政词汇,歌曲提升语感)。
例句:My English teacher suggested listening to tapes for 20 minutes every day to improve listening.(英语老师建议每天听20分钟磁带提升听力。)
3. take notes(做笔记)
功能:记录课堂重点、阅读关键信息,便于后续复习。
方法拓展:“mind mapping”(思维导图,适用于梳理知识框架)、“Cornell Note-Taking System”(康奈尔笔记法,将笔记分为线索栏、笔记栏、总结栏),本单元中“take notes”为通用表达,可搭配“in class”“while reading”等场景。
例句:Taking notes while reading helps you remember the main ideas better.(阅读时做笔记能帮你更好地记住主旨。)
4. make word cards(制作单词卡片)
功能:记忆新单词,利用“视觉记忆”强化效果,卡片可包含“单词-音标-词性-释义-例句搭配”,便于随时复习。
拓展:同类记忆方法“flashcards”(闪卡,电子或纸质,通过快速翻看强化记忆)、“word lists”(单词表,适用于批量记忆),“make word cards”更侧重“个性化”,可根据自身薄弱点调整内容。
例句:I make word cards for new words and carry them in my bag to review when I have time.(我为新单词制作单词卡片,放在包里有空就复习。)
5. read aloud(大声读)
功能:纠正发音、培养语感、增强语言表达的自信心,尤其适用于口语和朗读能力提升。
注意事项:“read aloud”需“发音清晰、语调自然”,避免“机械跟读”,可搭配“follow the tape”(跟着磁带读)纠正发音,或“record yourself”(录制自己的声音)对比改进。
例句:Reading aloud English passages every morning can help you get used to the rhythm of the language.(每天早上大声读英语短文能帮你适应语言的节奏。)
(二)学习态度与习惯类
1. be born with(天生具有)
功能:说明“天赋、能力是天生的”,但常与“后天努力”对比,如“Everyone is born with the ability to learn, but success depends on hard work.”(每个人天生都有学习能力,但成功取决于努力)。
拓展:常见搭配“be born with a talent for sth.”(天生有……天赋),如“She was born with a talent for music.”(她天生有音乐天赋)。
例句:Research shows that people are born with different learning styles—some are visual learners, some are auditory learners.(研究表明人天生有不同的学习风格,有些是视觉型学习者,有些是听觉型学习者。)
2. depend on(依靠;取决于)
功能:强调“事物间的依赖关系”,可指“依靠某人/某物”,也可指“取决于某因素”。
用法细节:“depend on sb.”(依靠某人),如“The child depends on his parents for food and clothes.”(孩子依靠父母提供衣食);“depend on sth.”(取决于某物),如“Your grade depends on how much you practice.”(你的成绩取决于你练习多少);“depend on whether/if从句”(取决于是否……),如“It depends on whether we have enough time.”(这取决于我们是否有足够的时间)。
例句:Becoming a good learner doesn’t depend only on talent; it depends more on good habits.(成为优秀的学习者不只靠天赋,更靠良好的习惯。)
3. pay attention to(注意;关注)
功能:提醒“专注于某事物”,避免分心,是高效学习的关键。
用法细节:后接名词、代词或动名词(不可接“to do”),如“pay attention to the teacher”(关注老师)、“pay attention to details”(关注细节)、“pay attention to listening”(关注听力)。常见拓展:“pay close attention to”(密切关注)、“draw attention to”(引起对……的关注)。
例句:When learning grammar, you need to pay close attention to sentence structures.(学习语法时,你需要密切关注句子结构。)
4. keep doing sth.(持续做某事;一直做某事)
功能:描述“长期坚持的动作”,体现“毅力和习惯”,是语言学习中“积累效应”的关键。
拓展:区别于“keep on doing sth.”(反复做某事,含“克服困难坚持”),如“He kept practicing English even when he was busy.”(即使忙,他也坚持练英语);“keep doing sth.”更侧重“不间断的持续”,如“Keep reading every day, and your reading speed will improve.”(每天坚持阅读,你的阅读速度会提升)。
例句:She keeps a diary in English every day, which helps her improve her writing skills.(她每天用英语写日记,这帮她提高了写作技能。)
(三)功能表达与情境应对类
1. fall in love with(爱上)
功能:表达“对人或事物产生浓厚兴趣或喜爱”,在本单元中多用于“爱上英语这门语言”,体现学习态度的转变。
用法细节:后接名词或代词,如“fall in love with English”(爱上英语)、“fall in love with a book”(爱上一本书);可加“gradually”(逐渐地)体现过程,如“She gradually fell in love with English after watching English movies.”(看了英语电影后,她逐渐爱上了英语)。
例句:At first, he thought English was difficult, but later he fell in love with it because of interesting stories.(起初他觉得英语难,但后来因为有趣的故事爱上了它。)
2. make mistakes(犯错)
功能:承认“学习过程中出现错误”,并引导“正确看待错误”,如“Making mistakes is a normal part of learning.”(犯错是学习的正常部分)。
拓展:“make mistakes in sth.”(在某方面犯错),如“make mistakes in pronunciation”(发音犯错)、“make mistakes in grammar”(语法犯错);“correct mistakes”(纠正错误),“learn from mistakes”(从错误中学习)。
例句:Don’t be afraid of making mistakes—only by correcting them can you improve.(不要害怕犯错,只有纠正错误才能进步。)
3. find out(弄清;查明)
功能:表达“通过努力找到信息、解决疑问”,如“查明单词含义、语法规则、问题原因”等。
拓展:区别于“look for”(寻找,侧重过程)、“find”(找到,侧重结果),如“I looked for my textbook everywhere, but I couldn’t find it.”(我到处找课本,但没找到);“find out”侧重“通过研究、询问等查明未知信息”,如“I need to find out the meaning of this word in the dictionary.”(我需要在字典里查明这个单词的意思)。
例句:If you don’t know the answer, you can find out by asking the teacher or checking reference books.(如果你不知道答案,可以问老师或查参考书查明。)
三、核心句型(结构解析+变形应用)
1. It's too hard to understand spoken English.(英语口语太难理解了。)
结构:“It’s + too + adj. + to do sth.”(太……而不能做某事)
解析:“it”为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的“to do sth.”;“too + adj.”表“程度过重”,导致“to do sth.”的动作无法实现。
变形应用:
-否定式:“It’s not too hard to... ”(不太难去做……),如“It’s not too hard to understand spoken English if you practice listening every day.”(如果你每天练听力,理解英语口语就不太难);
- 转换为“so...that...”句型:“Spoken English is so hard that I can’t understand it.”(英语口语如此难,以至于我理解不了),注意“so...that...”后接从句,“too...to...”后接动词原形。
- 例句:It’s too early to go to school—we still have 30 minutes.(现在去上学太早了,我们还有30分钟。)
2. The more you read, the faster you'll be.(你读得越多,你的速度就会越快。)
结构:“The + 比较级..., the + 比较级...”(越……,就越……)
解析:前半句为条件,后半句为结果,两个“比较级”需对应同类事物(如“read”的频率与“speed”的快慢)。
变形应用:
- 形容词比较级:“The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you’ll make.”(你越细心,犯的错误就越少);
- 副词比较级:“The harder you work, the better you’ll do.”(你越努力,做得就越好);
- 注意:“few”的比较级为“fewer”(修饰可数名词),“little”的比较级为“less”(修饰不可数名词),如“The more time you spend, the less stress you’ll feel.”(你花的时间越多,感受到的压力就越小)。
- 例句:The more you practice speaking, the more confident you’ll become in English.(你练习口语越多,在英语方面就会越自信。)
3. Why did Wei Fen find it difficult to learn English (为什么魏芬觉得学英语困难呢?)
结构:“find it + adj. + to do sth.”(发现做某事是……的)
解析:“it”为形式宾语,真正的宾语是“to do sth.”,“adj.”作宾语补足语,用于说明“to do sth.”的性质(如difficult, easy, important等)。
变形应用:
- 更换形容词:“I find it easy to learn English songs.”(我发现学英语歌曲很容易);“She finds it important to review every day.”(她发现每天复习很重要);
- 否定式:“I don’t find it boring to read English novels.”(我不觉得读英语小说无聊);
- 拓展:“think it + adj. + to do sth.”(认为做某事是……的),用法相同,如“He thinks it necessary to memorize word cards.”(他认为记单词卡片有必要)。
- 例句:Many students find it hard to get the pronunciation right when they start learning English.(很多学生刚开始学英语时,觉得正确发音很难。)
4. The teacher spoke so quickly that I did not understand her most of the time.(老师讲得如此快以至于大部分时间我都理解不了她讲的内容。)
结构:“so + adj./adv. + that...”(如此……以至于……)
解析:“so”修饰形容词或副词,“that”引导结果状语从句,表“因程度过重导致的结果”。
变形应用:
- 修饰形容词:“The story is so interesting that I want to read it again.”(这个故事如此有趣,以至于我想再读一遍);
- 修饰副词:“He runs so fast that no one in his class can catch up with him.”(他跑得如此快,以至于班里没人能追上他);
- 区别于“such + (a/an) + adj. + n. + that...”(如此……的……以至于……),如“It’s such a beautiful day that we want to go out.”(如此美好的一天,以至于我们想出去);“such”修饰名词短语,“so”修饰形容词/副词。
- 例句:The textbook has so many new words that I need to look them up in the dictionary.(课本里的新单词太多,以至于我需要查字典。)
5. I want to learn new words and more grammar so that I can have a better understanding of English movies.(我想学习新单词和更多的语法,以便我能更好地理解英文电影。)
结构:“so that...”(以便;为了)
解析:引导目的状语从句,从句中常含“can/could/will/would/may/might”等情态动词,表“做某事的目的”。
变形应用:
- 更换目的:“I practice listening every day so that I can pass the listening test.”(我每天练听力,以便能通过听力考试);
- 否定式:“I study hard so that I won’t fall behind.”(我努力学习,以免落后);
- 区别于“so...that...”(表结果),如“I study hard so that I can get good grades.”(我努力学习,以便能取得好成绩,目的);“I study so hard that I get good grades.”(我学习如此努力,以至于取得了好成绩,结果)。
- 例句:She takes notes in class so that she can review the key points after class.(她上课做笔记,以便课后复习重点。)
6. I don't know how to increase my reading speed.(我不知道怎样提高我的阅读速度。)
结构:“疑问词 + to do sth.”(如何做某事)
解析:“疑问词”(how, what, when, where, which等)后接不定式,在句中作宾语(如know, wonder, decide的宾语),表“做某事的方式、时间、地点等”。
变形应用:
- what:“I don’t know what to do next.”(我不知道接下来做什么);
- when:“He hasn’t decided when to leave.”(他还没决定什么时候离开);
- where:“Can you tell me where to buy this book ”(你能告诉我哪里能买到这本书吗);
- 注意:“why”不与“to do”连用,需用“why + 从句”,如“I don’t know why he is late.”(我不知道他为什么迟到)。
- 例句:Many students wonder how to improve their spoken English quickly.(很多学生想知道如何快速提高英语口语。)
四、语法与语用(规则精讲+易错突破)
(一)by + 动名词表“方式方法”
1. 核心规则
“by + doing sth.”表示“通过做某事”,用于说明“实现某目标的手段或方式”,在本单元中多用于“通过某种方法学习英语”,如“by reading”(通过阅读)、“by listening to tapes”(通过听磁带)、“by having conversations”(通过对话)。
例句:She improves her writing by keeping a diary in English.(她通过用英语写日记提高写作。);We can learn new words by making word cards.(我们可以通过制作单词卡片记新单词。)
2. 易错点突破
误区1:“by”后接动词原形。正确:“by”是介词,后接动名词(doing),不可接动词原形,如不可说“by read”,需说“by reading”。
误区2:混淆“by”的不同含义。“by”还可表“在……旁边”(如“by the window”在窗户旁边)、“不迟于”(如“by 5 o’clock”不迟于5点),需根据语境区分,本单元中“by”均表“方式”。
误区3:“by oneself”表“独自”,如“He did the homework by himself.”(他独自做的作业),此处“oneself”为反身代词,不可用“him”“her”等宾格代词。
3. 拓展应用
“by + 交通工具”表“乘坐某种交通工具”,如“by bus”(乘公交)、“by plane”(乘飞机),注意“by”后不加冠词,如不可说“by a bus”;若用“take”,需加冠词,“take a bus”(乘公交)。
例句:I usually go to school by bike, but sometimes I take a bus.(我通常骑自行车上学,但有时乘公交。)
(二)动词不定式的常见结构与用法
1. “it”作形式宾语/形式主语
形式宾语:“主语 + find/think/feel + it + adj. + to do sth.”,如“I find it easy to learn English songs.”(我发现学英语歌曲很容易),“it”代替“to learn English songs”,避免句子头重脚轻。
形式主语:“It + be + adj. + to do sth.”,如“It’s important to practice English every day.”(每天练英语很重要),“it”代替“to practice English every day”,使句子结构更平衡。
易错点:不可省略“it”,如不可说“I find easy to learn English songs”,需加“it”;“adj.”需符合语境,如“difficult, easy, important, necessary”等。
2. “need to do” vs “need doing”
“need to do sth.”:主语是人,表“某人需要做某事”,主动含义,如“I need to study for the test.”(我需要为考试学习)。
“need doing sth.”:主语是物,表“某物需要被做”,被动含义,相当于“need to be done”,如“The room needs cleaning.”(房间需要打扫)= “The room needs to be cleaned.”
例句:You need to water the flowers every day.(你需要每天浇花,主语是人,用“need to do”);The flowers need watering.(花需要浇水,主语是物,用“need doing”)。
3. “remember to do” vs “remember doing”
“remember to do sth.”:表“记得要做某事(未做)”,如“Remember to turn off the light when you leave.”(离开时记得关灯,灯还没关)。
“remember doing sth.”:表“记得做过某事(已做)”,如“I remember meeting her at the party last week.”(我记得上周在派对上见过她,已见过)。
拓展:同类动词“forget”(忘记),“forget to do”(忘记要做某事,未做),“forget doing”(忘记做过某事,已做),如“I forgot to buy milk.”(我忘了买牛奶,未买);“I forgot buying milk.”(我忘了买过牛奶,已买)。
(三)写作应用:书信建议类(结构+模板+范文)
题目:你的英国朋友Tracy所在的学校即将开设特色选修课程,她不确定是否选修汉语,写信向你咨询。请你根据要求回信:1. 给出建议(支持选修汉语);2. 介绍学习汉语的重要性;3. 提供学习汉语的具体方法;4. 词数100左右(开头结尾已给出,不计入总词数)。
1. 写作结构
开头段:回应来信,明确给出建议(支持选修汉语),简要说明理由(如汉语的重要性)。
主体段1:详细介绍学习汉语的重要性(如中国国际影响力提升、便于了解中国文化、未来发展优势)。
主体段2:提供具体的学习建议(如阅读简单汉语书籍、听汉语歌曲、看汉语动画、加入汉语俱乐部),建议需具体、可操作。
结尾段:鼓励Tracy坚持学习,表达期待(如希望她学好汉语,未来一起交流)。
2. 模板参考
Dear Tracy,
I’m so glad to hear from you. Knowing you’re unsure about choosing the Chinese course, I strongly suggest you take it. With China’s growing influence, Chinese is becoming more popular worldwide—it not only helps you communicate with more people, but also lets you learn about rich Chinese culture.
To learn Chinese well, you can try some easy ways. First, read simple Chinese picture books—they help you get used to Chinese characters. Second, listen to Chinese children’s songs; the slow rhythm makes it easy to follow. What’s more, joining a Chinese club at school lets you practice speaking with others.
Learning a language takes time, but keep practicing, and you’ll make progress. I hope my advice helps!
Yours,
Li Hua
3. 高分技巧
用“first, second, what’s more”等连接词,使逻辑清晰;
结合本单元学习方法(如“listen to... ”“join a club”),贴合单元主题;
用鼓励性语言(如“keep practicing, and you’ll make progress”),符合书信的友好语气。