必修一UNIT 1 Back to school讲义（上）
词句帮 词汇句式详解
Point 1 senior
教材语境 P1 Senior high school is a time of learning and discovery. 高中是一段学习和发现的时光。
用法详解
(1) adj. 中学的；级别(或地位)高的；年纪大的
常见搭配：
senior high (school) 高中
be senior to sb. 比某人的地位/职位高；比某人大
例句：
I believe I will make new friends here, and there's a lot to explore at senior high (school). 我相信我会在这里结交新朋友，而且在高中有很多能探索的东西。(主题素材·交友)
Mr White is also a teacher, but senior to me. 怀特先生也是一名教师，但级别比我高。
(2) n. [C]较……年长的人；级别(或地位)较高者，上司
例句：
It is impolite for children to cut in when their seniors are talking. 孩子们在比他们年长的人谈话时插嘴是不礼貌的。(新素材|五育并举·德育)
Jenny is lively and hard-working, and has been praised by her seniors in the company. 珍妮活泼、勤奋，在公司得到了上司的表扬。
归纳拓展 相关词语积累：
junior
(1) adj. 地位(或职位、级别)低下的；较年幼的，年少的
常见搭配：
junior high (school) 初中
(be) junior to sb. 比某人地位(或职位、级别)低；比某人小
(2) n. [C]职位较低者 an office junior 办公室低级职员
特别提醒 senior 和 junior 本身已含有比较意义，所以无比较级和最高级形式。表示比较时其后用 to 而不用 than。
小试牛刀
1.语法填空
Though my friend is 3 years younger ______ me, he is senior ______ me in the company.
2.单句写作
①从初中升入高中真是一个很大的挑战。
②我们应该尊重那些比我们年长的人。(新素材|五育并举·德育)
答案解析 1. than；to。句意：虽然我朋友比我小3岁，但是在公司他的职位比我高。
2. ① Going from junior high (school) to senior high (school) is a really big challenge.
②We should respect those who are senior to us.
Point 2 potential
教材语境 P2 Realizing your potential 发挥你们的潜能
用法详解
(1) n. [U]潜能，潜力；潜在性，可能性
常见搭配：
realize/achieve one’s (full) potential (充分)发挥某人的潜能
have the potential to do/for (doing) sth. 有做某事的潜力/可能性
例句：
Schools should be lively places where each student is encouraged to realize their greatest potential. 学校应该是充满活力的地方，在那里每个学生都被鼓励发挥他们的最大潜能。
The boy has the potential to become a world-class musician. 这个男孩有潜力成为世界级的音乐家。
If you make continuous efforts at senior high school, you certainly have the potential for the top university. 如果你在高中不断努力，你肯定有潜力上一流大学。(主题素材·学习)
(2) adj. 可能的，潜在的。常置于名词前作定语。
常见搭配：potential danger/customers 潜在的危险/顾客
例句：The teacher told students the potential danger of burning the midnight oil. 老师告诉了学生们熬夜的潜在危险。
小试牛刀
1.语法填空
①(2024·江苏镇江期末)In the future, we believe that chatbots like ChatGPT have the potential ______ (change) the way we live with technology. (新素材|科技前沿·聊天机器人)
②The region has great potential ______ rapid economic development.
2.完成句子
作为一名优秀的老师，她使用不同的方法来鼓励她的学生充分发挥他们的潜能。
As a good teacher, she uses different ways to encourage her students to ____________.
答案解析 1.①to change ②for
2.realize/achieve their full potential
Point 3 challenge
教材语境 P2 The path before you leads to a world full of challenges... 你们面前的路通向一个充满挑战的世界……
用法详解
(1) n. [C,U]挑战
常见搭配：
face a challenge 面临挑战
accept/take on/take up a challenge 接受挑战
rise to/meet a challenge 迎接挑战
例句：
When you face a challenge, you must believe you can overcome it and never give up. 当面临挑战的时候，你必须相信你能克服它，而且决不放弃。(新素材|五育并举·德育)
Austin was very confident and always ready to accept/take on/take up any challenge. 奥斯汀很自信，总是准备好接受任何挑战。
Life is a challenge, and only those who rise to/ meet the challenge can truly know what it means. 生活是一项挑战，只有那些迎接挑战的人才能真正了解其意义。(读后续写之主旨升华句)
(2) vt. 向……挑战，邀请……比赛；对……表示怀疑
常见搭配：challenge sb. to sth. 向某人挑战某事，邀请某人进行……比赛
例句：
Mary challenged me to another tennis game. 玛丽邀请我跟她再打一场网球赛。
Nowadays no one will challenge the fact that the earth goes round the sun. 现在没有人会对地球绕着太阳转这一事实表示怀疑。
语境串记 There is a challenge from Class Two. They challenge us to a basketball game, so we have to be ready to meet the challenge next week. 二班(向我们)发起了挑战。他们邀请我们跟他们打一场篮球赛，所以我们必须做好准备，迎接下周的这个挑战。
联想串记 相关词语积累：
challenger n. [C]挑战者
challenge vt.向……挑战 n.挑战
challenging adj. 挑战性的
小试牛刀
1.语法填空
(新考向·语境中考查语言运用能力)I, as the first ______ in my class, ______ Li Bin, who was good at English, to a vocabulary test. It was really ______, and he gladly accepted the ______. Much to my joy, I won in the end. (challenge)
2.完成句子
①当我面临挑战时，我总会对自己说"做你自己"。
When I ____________, I always say to myself "Be yourself".
②昨天下午我们班里的女孩们邀请男孩们打了一场乒乓球赛。
The girls in our class ____________ a table tennis match yesterday afternoon.
答案解析 1. challenger；challenged；challenging；challenge。句意：我作为班内第一位挑战者，向擅长英语的李彬挑战，进行词汇测试，这真的富有挑战性。他愉快地接受了这个挑战。让我非常高兴的是，最终我赢了。
2.①face challenges/a challenge ②challenged the boys to
Point 4 positive
教材语境 P2 However, for those of you with a positive mind... 不过，对你们当中心态积极的人来说……
用法详解
(1) adj. 积极乐观的，自信的；良好的，正面的
常见搭配：
a positive attitude 乐观的态度
be positive about... 对……积极
例句：
You’ve got to have a positive attitude to do well in life whenever possible. 无论何时，你都得有个乐观向上的生活态度。(新素材|五育并举·德育)
I think that musical education has positive effects on senior high school students. 我认为音乐教育对于高中生来说有积极的影响。(主题素材·美育)
(2) adj. (医学检验)呈阳性的
例句：The runner was not allowed to compete after testing positive for drugs. 这位赛跑运动员在药物检测中被测出呈阳性后被禁止比赛。
联想串记 相关词语积累：
positively adv. 积极地；肯定地
positive adj. 积极乐观的；良好的；呈阳性的
negative adj. 消极的，负面的；有害的；结果为阴性的 n. [C]否定
小试牛刀
选出下列句子中 positive 的含义
1.If you have a positive attitude about homework, you're more likely to get positive feedback (反馈) on your report card. (主题素材·学习态度)
；
2.I asked her what would happen if one tests positive.
A. something has happened or is present
B. be hopeful and confident
C. good or useful
答案解析 1. B；C。句意：如果你对家庭作业有积极的态度，你就更有可能在成绩单上得到正面的反馈。
2. A
Point 5 effort
教材语境 P2 ... your time and effort at senior high school will... ……你们在高中阶段度过的时光和付出的努力将会……
用法详解
(1) n. [U,C]努力，费力的事
常见搭配：
with (an) effort 费力地
without effort 毫不费力地
put effort into (doing) sth. 努力做某事
spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事
be well worth the effort 非常值得
例句：
With (an) effort, the little girl managed to stop herself laughing. 这个小女孩好不容易才忍住了笑。
Ever since Jean came to China, she has shown great interest in Chinese culture and has put a lot of effort into learning Chinese. 自从琼来到中国，她就对中国文化表现出浓厚的兴趣，并努力学习中文。(新素材|文化自信·中文)
Mary’s parents spared no effort to have her on her feet. 为了使玛丽恢复健康，她的父母想尽了办法。
It’s a long climb to the top, but well worth the effort. 登顶之路漫漫，虽然费力却非常值得。
(2) n. [C] 尽力，艰难的尝试。其后常接动词不定式作后置定语。
常见搭配：
make an effort/make efforts (to do sth.) 努力(做某事)
make every effort to do sth. 尽全力做某事
in an effort to do sth. 为了做某事
例句：
With the efforts made by both sides, we began to understand each other better. 在双方的努力下，我们开始更加了解对方。(链高考|全国甲卷)
The school clubs are making every effort to interest more students. 学校社团正在尽一切努力来吸引更多的学生。
In an effort to cheer him, I clapped and said, "That was great! You were great!" 为了鼓励他，我鼓掌说："太棒了！你很棒！"
小试牛刀
1.语法填空
Managing the family budget(预算) must have been a very hard task, but my mother made it look ______ (effort).
2.结合 effort 的用法完成句子
①为了赶上她的同班同学，莫利学习一直非常努力。
Molly has been studying very hard ____________ her classmates.
②尽管面临许多挑战，但我没有放弃，而且尽全力实现我的梦想。
Though faced with many challenges, I didn't give up and ____________.
③人生是一个不断奋斗的过程，没有人可以毫不费力地取得成功。
Life is a continuous process of struggling and no one can achieve success ____________. (读后续写之主旨升华句)
答案解析 1. effortless
2.①in an effort to catch up with ②made every effort to realize my dream 或 spared no effort to realize my dream ③without effort
Points 6&7 advance, amazing
教材语境 P3 ... what medical advances you will make or what amazing technologies you will develop! ……实现哪些医学突破，或者开发出哪些不可思议的技术！
6 advance
用法详解
(1) n. [C,U]进步，进展；[C]前进，行进
常见搭配：(make) an advance in... 在……方面(取得)的进展/进步
例句：With the help of his English teacher, he has made great advances in his spoken English. 在他的英语老师的帮助下，他的英语口语有了大幅度的提高。(主题素材·学习)
(2) vi. 前进，行进；vi.& vt. (知识、技术等)发展，进步
例句：
He who does not advance loses ground. 不进则退。
This research has done much to advance our understanding of language learning. 这项研究大大提高了我们对语言学习的认识。
熟词生义 你知道 advance 在下面句子中的词性及含义吗？
(浙江高考)Scientists have advanced many theories(学说) about why human beings cry tears.
点拨：vt. 提出(理论、想法)
归纳拓展 相关词语积累：
(1)
in advance 预先，事先，提前
in advance of... 在……前面；(发展上)超越……
例句：His ideas were well in advance of the age in which he lived. 他的思想远远超越了他所处的时代。
(2) advanced adj. 先进的；高级的
小试牛刀
1.语法填空
①(天津高考)As we develop more ______ (advance) AI technology, we would then have to use new ways of communicating with that technology. (新素材|科技前沿·AI)
②(天津3月高考) Great improvements in public health have been brought about by advances ______ medical science.
2.完成句子
(天津高考)—Next time you visit Bob, remember to give him a call ____________ (提前).
—Good point. I will.
答案解析 1. ① advanced。句意：随着我们开发更先进的人工智能技术，我们将必须使用与该技术沟通的新方式。
②in。句意：医学的进步带来了公众健康的巨大改善。
2.in advance
7 amazing
用法详解 amazing adj. 惊人的，了不起的。在句中可作表语、定语或补语，常用来修饰物。
例句：Travelling with friends can be certainly an amazing experience where you can make lifelong memories and friendship. 和朋友一起旅行绝对是一种奇妙的经历，你可以留下终身的回忆和友谊。
联想串记 相关词语积累：
amaze vt.使惊奇
+-d，形容词后缀→amazed adj.大为惊奇的(常用来修饰人或人的表情、声音等)，搭配：be amazed at/by... 对……感到惊奇；be amazed to see/find... 惊奇地看见/发现……
+-ing，形容词后缀→amazing adj. 惊人的，了不起的
+-ment，名词后缀→amazement n. [U]惊奇，惊诧，搭配：to one’s amazement 令某人感到惊奇的是；in amazement 惊奇地
+-ingly，副词后缀→amazingly adv. 令人惊奇的是
语境串记 The news was so amazing that all the people present at the meeting were amazed at it. 这个消息太令人惊奇了，所有出席会议的人都感到很惊讶。
小试牛刀
1.用 amaze 的适当形式填空
①(2024·天津3月)It was really an ______ way to learn not only my family's recipes(食谱), but also my family's story.
②The audience were ______ by the speaker's ______ performance on the stage.
2.完成句子
①___________(令我们感到惊奇的是), my younger brother can sing a pop song at such an early age.
②It is well-known that Jiuzhaigou ___________(有令人惊叹的景色) and I ___________(对它的美感到惊奇) when I saw it. (应用文写作之旅游景点描写)
答案解析 1. ①amazing ②amazed；amazing
2.①To our amazement ②has amazing views；was amazed at/by its beauty
Points 8&9 confidence, make a difference
教材语境 P3 ...I have confidence in your ability to make a difference to your family, to your community and to our country. ……我相信你们有能力对你们的家庭、你们的社区、我们的国家产生影响。
8 confidence
用法详解 confidence n. [U]信心，信任；自信心，把握
常见搭配：
have/lose confidence in... 对……有/失去信心
build (up) one’s confidence 建立某人的自信心
a lack of/lack confidence 缺乏信心
with confidence 有把握地，自信地
例句：
There will be no difficulty that we can’t overcome as long as we have confidence in ourselves. 只要我们对自己有信心，就没有我们克服不了的困难。(读后续写之主旨升华句)
Many of us like to do easy things first to build (up) our confidence. 我们当中的许多人喜欢先做简单的事情来建立信心。
James answered the questions with confidence. 詹姆斯有把握地回答了那些问题。
归纳拓展 相关词语积累：
(1) confident adj. 自信的，有自信心的；确信，有把握的
搭配：
be confident about sth. 对某事有信心
be confident of (doing) sth. 对(做)某事有把握
be confident that... 确信……
(2) confidently adv. 自信地
语境串记 When you are communicating with others, expressing yourself clearly and confidently will help you increase your confidence. And being confident will add to your personal charm. 当你与其他人交流时，清楚自信地表达自己将会帮你增强自信心，而且自信会增加你的个人魅力。
小试牛刀
1.语法填空
①(浙江高考)By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they're building their children's ______ (confident), when, in fact, it may be just the opposite.
②Learning to speak English ______ (confident) doesn't happen overnight. It takes time and you need to make continuous efforts.
2.完成句子
高一新生让我很惊喜，因为他们对自己的高中生活充满信心。
I'm amazed at the high school freshmen, because they ____________.
答案解析 1. ① confidence。句意：家长们认为通过经常表扬孩子可以建立他们的自信，但是事实上，情况可能正好相反。
②confidently。句意：自信地说英语不是一夜之间就能学会的。这需要时间，而且你需要不断努力。
2.are full of confidence in their high school life 或 are highly confident about their high school life
9 make a difference
用法详解 make a difference 意为"有影响，有作用，有关系"，可单独使用，也可用于以下结构：
常见搭配：
make a difference to sb./sth. 对某人/某物来说有影响/有关系
It makes a difference (to sb.) +从句. ……(对某人来说)有影响/有关系。
例句：
One false step will make a great difference. [谚]失之毫厘，谬以千里。
Exercise can make a great difference to your state of health. 运动会极大地改善你的健康状况。
It makes a big difference where you put the plants—they only grow in this soil. 你把这些植物放在哪里影响很大——它们只能在这种土壤里生长。
归纳拓展 与 difference 相关的其他短语：
difference
make little/no difference (to sb./sth.) (对某人/某物)几乎没有/没有影响
make some/much difference (to sb./sth.) (对某人/某物)有一些/有很大影响
tell the difference 区分/辨别不同
小试牛刀
结合 difference 的用法完成句子
1.There is no doubt that acquiring the knowledge of first aid(急救) ____________(将对……有很大影响) our life.
2.(江苏高考)Before birth, babies can ____________(辨别不同) between loud sounds and voices.
3.—Shall we go out for a walk or go to the movies
—____________(对我来说没差别). They are both good ideas.
答案解析 1. will make a big/great difference to
2.tell the difference
3.It makes no difference to me
Point 10 take advantage of
教材语境 P3 Take advantage of your classes... 要让学校课程为你们所用……
用法详解 take advantage of 利用
例句：I’m going to take advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle. 我将利用这次旅行来探索这个城堡的历史。(链高考|天津)
归纳拓展 与 advantage 相关的其他短语：
advantage
be at an advantage 占优势
be at a disadvantage 处于劣势
have the advantage of... 具有……的有利条件
have the/an advantage over sb. 胜过某人，优于某人；比某人占优势
to sb.’s advantage 对某人有利
to sb.’s disadvantage 对某人不利
(反) disadvantage n. [C,U]缺点，劣势，不利条件
小试牛刀
完成句子
1.You will ____________(占优势) if you have thought about the interview questions in advance.
2.Joseph ____________(比……占优势) others to get the opportunity as an exchange student since he can speak German. He should ____________(利用) this and avoid his ____________(劣势) during the interview.
答案解析 1. be at an advantage
2.has an advantage over；take advantage of；disadvantage(s)
Point 11 equal
教材语境 P3 Of equal importance are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude. 同样重要的还有良好的学习习惯、实用的技能以及积极的态度。
用法详解
adj. 相等的，相同的；平等的；能胜任的
n. [C]相等物，同等的人
linking verb (大小、数量、价值等)与……相等，等于；vt. 比得上
搭配：
be equal in... 在……方面相同/平等
be equal to... 等于……；能应付/能胜任……
be without equal 无敌，无与伦比
have no equal
A equals B in... A在……方面比得上B
例句：
The two books are more or less equal in length. 这两本书篇幅差不多。
The teachers make every effort to make sure that all students will be given equal opportunities. 老师们尽一切努力确保所有学生都能得到平等的机会。
The film has no equal in the cinema history. 那部电影在电影史上无与伦比。
Some people believe that wealth and success equal happiness. 有人认为财富和成功就是幸福。
联想串记 相关词语积累：
equal
ly 副词后缀→equally adv. 平等地，同样地
ity 名词后缀→equality n. [U] 平等，相等
un 否定前缀→unequal adj. 不相等的；不平等的
小试牛刀
1.语法填空
①In terms of work experience and the ability, I believe Bernard is equal ______ the job.
②Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be ______ (equal) respected.
③— Why did you choose Jennifer as leader of the team
—No one equals her ______ skills and experience.
2.用 equal 的相关短语完成句子
A local history book from the late Qing Dynasty praised salted duck, saying it ____________(无与伦比).
答案解析 1.①to ②equally ③in
2.was without equal 或 had no equal
语境串记
All men are born equal. Everyone should be treated equally. 所有人生来都是平等的。每个人都应该被平等对待。
Points 12&13 goal, balance
教材语境 P3 ... set clear goals and balance your schoolwork with other activities. ……设定明确的目标，并且平衡好功课和其他活动。
12 goal
用法详解
(1) n. [C]目标；目的
常见搭配：
set a goal 确立目标
achieve/reach/realize one’s goal 达到/实现某人的目标
例句：A year later, I reached my goal: I lost 150 pounds and raised $50,000! 一年后，我实现了自己的目标：我减掉了150磅，并且募集到了50 000美元！(链高考|天津)
(2) n. [C]球门；(进球)得分
常见搭配：
score a goal 进一球
keep goal 守门
例句：The French team managed to score a goal a few minutes after the match began. 比赛开始后几分钟，法国队便设法进了一球。
小试牛刀
完成句子
你应该在每个学年的开始为自己设定一个目标。
You should ______ for yourself at the beginning of each school year. (主题素材·设定目标)
你如果想实现你的目标，就必须尽你最大的努力。
You must try your best if you want to ______.
答案解析 1. set a goal
2. achieve/reach/realize your goal
13 balance
用法详解
(1) vt. 同等重视；权衡重要性；vt. & vi. 使保持平衡
常见搭配：
balance...with/and... 同等重视……和……
balance...against... 权衡……与……
例句：
I'm trying to balance the work with my family life. 我在试着平衡工作和家庭生活。
Before making the final decision, you have to balance the advantages against the disadvantages of doing so. 在做最终决定之前，你必须权衡这样做的利弊。
Believe it or not, the little boy can balance on one leg. 信不信由你，这个小男孩能用单腿站稳。
(2) n. [U, sing.]均衡，平衡；[U]平衡能力
常见搭配：
keep a balance between...and... 保持……与……之间的平衡
keep one’s balance 保持平衡
lose one’s balance 失去平衡(强调动作)
out of balance 失去平衡(强调状态)
例句：
I think it is important to keep a balance between study and a social life, so I'm going to join a few clubs. 我认为保持学习和社交的平衡很重要，所以打算加入几个俱乐部。(主题素材·社交)
I tried hard to keep my balance on my new skates. 我穿着新溜冰鞋，努力保持平衡。
I lost my balance when I climbed the ladder and fell to the ground. 爬梯子时，我失去了平衡，摔倒在地上。
联想串记 相关词语积累：
balance vt. & vi. & n.
+-d(形容词后缀)→balanced adj. 均衡的，平衡的
+im-(否定前缀)→imbalanced adj. 失衡的
→imbalance n. [C,U] 不平衡，失衡
→unbalanced adj. 心理不平衡；失衡的
搭配：keep a balanced diet 保持均衡的饮食
小试牛刀
用 balance 的适当形式填空
(新考向·语境中考查语言运用能力)As a senior high school student, Evan was getting fat because of the ______ meals. The doctor suggested he keep a ______ diet. Besides, he should spend time exercising to help stay healthy.
完成句子
①(天津高考)你工作太努力了。你最好在工作和休闲之间保持平衡。
You are working too hard. You'd better ______ relaxation.
②你应该小心一点儿，因为在结冰的街道上保持平衡是不容易的。
You should be careful, because it's not easy to ______ on an icy street.
③刚才我骑自行车的时候失去了平衡，掉了下来。
While I was riding my bike, I ______ and fell off just now.
答案解析 1. unbalanced；balanced。句意：因为饮食不均衡，高中生埃文开始变胖。医生建议他保持均衡的饮食。此外，他还应该花时间锻炼以保持健康。
2. ① keep a balance between work and 或 balance work with and ②keep your balance ③lost my balance
Point 14 character
教材语境 P3 ... develop your character. ……培养自身的性格。
用法详解
(1) n. [C, usually sing.]品质，性格；[U, C, usually sing.]特点，特色
常见搭配：character building 性格培养；性格塑造
例句：
Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for character building. 独自徒步旅行会很有趣并且有益于健康，或许对性格的培养也有好处。
The two towns are similar in size but very different in character. 这两个城镇大小差不多，但特色却大不相同。
(2) n. [C]文字，符号；角色，人物
常见搭配：
Chinese characters 汉字
the major/leading character 主角
例句：
The Chinese character "Fu" means good luck, especially when displayed upside down. 汉字"福"有好运的意思，尤其是倒着的时候。(新素材|文化自信·汉字文化)
Who's your favourite character in the hot film 在这部热门电影中，你最喜欢的人物是谁？
小试牛刀
判断下列句子中 character 的含义
People's appearance may change, but their character usually stays the same.
When writing a story, it's important to introduce the setting and characters.
It is thought that a foreigner needs to know at least 3, 000 Chinese characters to understand most Chinese newspapers.
If you have been to Suzhou, you will find every garden comes in its own individual character. (应用文写作之地点描述)
答案解析 1. 性格 2. 角色 3. 文字 4. 特点
Point 15 be responsible for
教材语境 P3 ... yet you alone are responsible for realizing your great potential. ……但是只有你们自己，才能肩负起发挥自身巨大潜能的责任。
用法详解 be responsible for... 对……负责
例句：I know I'll have to study harder as a senior high school student and get used to being responsible for a lot more. 我知道作为高中生我得更加努力地学习并习惯承担更多的责任。(主题素材·承担责任)
联想串记 相关词语积累：
responsible adj. 有责任的，负责的；可靠的
+-ly, 副词后缀→responsibly adv. 认真负责地
+ir-, 否定前缀→irresponsible adj. 不负责任的
+-ity, 名词后缀→responsibility n.[U,C]责任；义务
搭配：
a sense of responsibility 责任感
take on/accept responsibility for... 对……负责
It is one’s responsibility to do sth. 某人有责任做某事。
小试牛刀
语法填空
①As a volunteer, he thinks it's his responsibility ______ (help) those people in need.
②AI will surely be a feature of future life, but it must be used ______ (responsible) and in a proper way. (新素材|科技前沿·AI)
完成句子
①Born in a traditional family, Rick was brought up to value ______ (责任感) and sharing.
②Being able to ______ (对你的行为负责) is an important sign of growing up.
答案解析 1. ①to help ②responsibly
2. ①a sense of responsibility ②be responsible for your actions 或 take on/accept responsibility for your actions
Points 16&17 look forward to, independent
教材语境 P5 In fact, I’m looking forward to being more independent ... 事实上，我期待着可以更加独立……
16 look forward to
用法详解 look forward to 期待，盼望
点拨：to 为介词，其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing 作宾语。
例句：
The students are looking forward to having an opportunity to explore society for real-life experience. 学生们盼望有一个踏足社会寻求真实生活经验的机会。(链高考|上海)
I hope you can accept our invitation. Looking forward to your early reply. 我希望您能接受我们的邀请，期待您的早日回复。(应用文写作之邀请信结束语)
17 independent
用法详解 independent adj. 独立的；自主的；自立的
常见搭配：be independent of sb./sth. 不依靠某人/某事物
例句：Now that you are a senior high school student, you should learn to be independent of your parents. 你既然是一个高中生了，应该学着不依赖父母。
联想串记 相关词语积累：
depend vi.依靠
搭配：
depend on/upon 信赖，依靠
It (all) depends./That depends. 那得看情况。
be dependent on/upon... 依赖……，取决于……
+-ent, 形容词后缀→dependent adj. 依赖的
+-ence, 名词后缀→dependence n.[U]依赖，依靠，依存
+in-(否定前缀)→independent adj. 独立的；自立的
+-ence, 名词后缀→independence n.[U]独立；自立
搭配：gain independence from... 从……中获得独立
+-ly, 副词后缀→independently adv. 独立地；自主地
小试牛刀
语法填空
1.I'm looking forward to ______ (see) the colourful lakes and amazing waterfalls in Jiuzhaigou.
2.The day we had been looking forward to ______ (come) at last.
答案解析 1. seeing
2. came。本句的主干是"The day came"，而"we had been looking forward to"是定语从句，修饰主语 The day，故本题考查的是主句的谓语动词，且根据从句的时态可知，主句应用一般过去时，故填 came。
语法填空
1.What parents are supposed to do is create a friendly learning environment for kids, and teach them to be a(n) ______ (dependent) learner.
2.For many older people, driving is important for keeping their ______ (independent); they can get out freely without having to depend ______ others.
答案解析 1. independent
2. independence；on/upon
Point 18 "It is/was +adj.(+for sb.)+to do sth."句型
教材语境 P3 To fully realize your potential, it is important for you to make the most of our school resources. 要想充分发挥你们的潜能，充分利用我们学校的资源对你们来说很重要。
句式剖析 本句的结构分析如下：
To fully realize your potential, it is important for you to make the most of our school resources.
动词不定式短语作目的状语 形式主语 for 引出动词不定式的逻辑主语 动词不定式短语作真正的主语
用法详解
含义 (对某人来说)做某事是……的
主语 It 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式
用于该句型的常见形容词 dangerous、easy、difficult、hard、important、impossible、necessary、possible 等表示事物的属性、特征的词
例句：
It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. 很难预测无人驾驶汽车何时会在我们的道路上无处不在。(链高考|北京)
It's also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using. 对父母来说，知道孩子正在使用哪些应用程序也非常重要。(链高考|江苏)
归纳拓展 相关知识积累：
含义 (某人)做某事是……的
用于该句型的常见形容词 careless、clever、foolish、good、kind、nice、polite、wrong 等表示人的性格、品质或特征的词
例句：It was kind and generous of you to do these for me. 你为我做这些真是体贴又慷慨。
小试牛刀
1.语法填空
①Whether you walk, cycle or drive, ______ is necessary ______ (follow) the traffic rules.
②(2024·天津和平区期中)Is ______ possible to fly to Mars by a spaceship
③It is foolish ______ them to spend too much time on such meaningless things.
2.完成句子
无论你想学什么，重要的是在你制订计划之前定一个目标。
No matter what you want to learn, ______ before you make a plan.
答案解析 1. ①it；to follow ②it ③of
2. it is important to set a goal
Points 19&20 表语提前引起的全部倒装，"of +抽象名词"结构
教材语境 P3 Of equal importance are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude. 同样重要的还有良好的学习习惯、实用的技能以及积极的态度。
句式剖析 本句为倒装句，其结构分析如下：
Of equal importance are good study habits ... attitude.
表语("of +抽象名词"结构) 系动词 主语
19 表语提前引起的全部倒装
用法详解 为保持句子平衡(主语较长)或使上下文衔接紧密，或为了强调表语，句子可用全部倒装，即可把作表语的形容词、副词或介词短语提到句首，并把句子的主语和系动词倒装。
点拨：在表语提前的倒装句中，要注意主谓一致，即谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致，与表语无关。
例句：
Among the guests are Dr. Smith and his children. 客人中有史密斯博士和他的孩子们。
Very important in our study are our questions and reviews. 疑问和复习在我们的学习中非常重要。(主题素材·学习)
20 "of +抽象名词"结构
用法详解
含义 表示具有某种性质或特征
用于该结构的常见抽象名词 help、importance、use、value、benefit 等
注意 该结构可转换为抽象名词的同根形容词；名词前可以用 any、great、little、much、no、some 等修饰，表示程度
例句：
Dictionaries are of great help ( = very helpful) to English learners. 词典对英语学习者来说是很有帮助的。
In fact, sports can be of great benefit ( = very beneficial) to our health. 事实上，运动对我们的健康很有益。
特别提醒 常见的"of +抽象名词"和其同根形容词的转换如下：
be of help = be helpful 有帮助的
be of use = be useful 有用的
be of importance = be important 重要的
be of value = be valuable 宝贵的，很有用的
be of benefit = be beneficial 有益的
学思用 小题集训
1.语法填空
Present at the meeting yesterday ______ (be) the teachers and the students' parents.
2.句式升级(倒装)
Kevin was surprised when he heard the news.
答案解析 1. were
2. Surprised was Kevin when he heard the news.
1.语法填空
Think twice before you act. Making right decisions is ______ great importance.
2.完成句子
如果一个人在森林里迷路了，这些在地理课上学到的知识是很有用的。
If one gets lost in the forest, the knowledge learnt in geography classes ______.
答案解析 1. of
2. is of great value/use 或 is very valuable/useful
Point 21 "find +宾语 +现在分词(短语)"结构
教材语境 P3 In time you will find yourself growing into a well-rounded individual. 最终，你们会发现自己逐渐全面成长。
用法详解 "find +宾语 +现在分词(短语)"结构是"find +宾语 +宾补"结构的一种，意为"发现……正在……"，宾语与构成现在分词的动词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。
例句：
When I went into her room, I found her reading a book. 我进入她的房间时，发现她正在看书。(her 与 read 是逻辑上的主谓关系)
When he came in the classroom, he found all the students smiling at him. 当他走进教室时，他发现所有的学生都冲他微笑。(all the students 与 smile 是逻辑上的主谓关系)
归纳拓展 相关知识积累：
"find +宾语 +宾补"结构的其他形式：
形容词/副词
名词/介词短语
过去分词(短语) （宾语与构成过去分词的动词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系）
例句：
I called on my grandma on my way home and found her out. 我在回家的路上去拜访我奶奶，发现她不在家。(find +宾语 +副词)
I found it an exciting story. 我发现它是一个激动人心的故事。(find +宾语 +名词)
When Tony woke up, he found himself in the hospital. 托尼醒来时，发现自己在医院里。(find +宾语 +介词短语)
When the teacher came back, he found all the students' homework finished. 当老师回来的时候，他发现所有学生的作业都已做完了。(find +宾语 +过去分词(homework 与 finish 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系))
小试牛刀
语法填空
1.—What do you think of teaching, Bob
—I find it fun and ______ (challenge). It is a job where you are doing something serious but interesting.
2.(新高考I卷)After making sure that David could run if he wanted, I turned to find him ______ (come) towards me.
3.(全国甲卷) As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself ______ (greet) by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅) longing to say hello.
答案解析 1. challenging。分析句子结构可知，"find it fun and ______"是"find +宾语 +宾补"结构，fun 是形容词，and 连接两个并列成分，故空处也应用形容词。
2. coming。分析句子结构可知，"find him ______"是"find +宾语 +宾补"结构，him 和 come 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词作宾补。
3. greeted
课后练习
A 基础练|知识巩固
建议时间:30分钟
Ⅰ 单词拼写(用本部分所学单词)
1 In a word, p______ thinking is a powerful tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life.
2 Childhood experiences often play a big part in shaping one's c______.
3 Parents need to encourage kids to realize their p______ without putting too much pressure on them.
4 (浙江1月高考)We are almost certain to get knocked down(击倒) at some point during the process of achieving our g______.
5 (天津高考)It took him a long time to ______(获得) the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
6 (2024·新高考I卷)Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other ______(资源)used to grow it.
7 (全国乙卷)It's kind of hard to find a ______(平衡) between what you have to do and what you want to do.
8 Believe it or not, some ______(个人)are born with a gift for public speaking.
9 In the Chinese class, our teacher creates an environment where we are given the ______(机会) to solve problems by ourselves.
10 (2024·江苏南京检测)It's a good idea to take advantage of the ______(设施) in our communities to keep fit.
1. positive 解析：句意为“总之，积极思考是应对困难时期和提高生活质量的有力工具”，“positive thinking”表示“积极思考”。
2. character 解析：句意为“童年经历往往在塑造一个人的性格方面起重要作用”，“character”意为“性格”。
3. potential 解析：句意为“父母需要鼓励孩子发挥潜力，而不给他们太大压力”，“potential”意为“潜力”。
4. goals 解析：句意为“在实现目标的过程中，我们几乎肯定会在某个时候被击倒”，“goal”意为“目标”，此处用复数形式。
5. acquire 解析：“获得”对应的英文单词是“acquire”，“It takes sb. time to do sth.”结构中用动词原形。
6. resources 解析：“资源”的英文是“resource”，此处用复数形式表示各类资源。
7. balance 解析：“平衡”的英文是“balance”，“find a balance”表示“找到平衡”。
8. individuals 解析：“个人”的英文是“individual”，some后用复数形式。
9. opportunity 解析：“机会”的英文是“opportunity”，此处用单数形式。
10. facilities 解析：“设施”的英文是“facility”，此处用复数形式表示各类社区设施。
Ⅱ 词形转换
1 ______n.挑战 vt. 向……挑战；对……表示怀疑—______n.挑战者—______adj.挑战性的
2 amaze vt.使惊奇—______adj.惊人的，了不起的—______adj.大为惊奇的—______n.惊奇，惊诧
3 ______adj.自信的；确信—______n.信心，自信心—______adv.自信地
4 ______adj.相等的；平等的；能胜任的 vt.比得上 n. 相等物，同等的人—______n.平等，相等—______adv.平等地，同样地—______adj.不相等的，不平等的
5 ______vt.权衡重要性；vt. & vi.使保持平衡 n. 平衡；平衡能力—______adj.平衡的—______adj.心理不平衡的—______n.不平衡—______adj.失衡的
6 ______adj.有责任的，负责—______n.责任，义务—______adv.认真负责地—______adj.不负责任的
7 depend vi.依靠—______adj.依赖的—______n.依赖，依靠—______adj.独立的，自立的—______n.独立，自立
1. challenge; challenger; challenging
2. amazing; amazed; amazement
3. confident; confidence; confidently
4. equal; equality; equally; unequal
5. balance; balanced; unbalanced; imbalance; imbalanced
6. responsible; responsibility; responsibly; irresponsible
7. dependent; dependence; independent; independence
Ⅲ 语法填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1 It's a ______(challenge) job but I'm sure you'll prove yourself equal ______ it.
2 (2024·江苏扬州检测)The local communities are making efforts ______(solve) the parking problem with digital technologies.
3 His hard work gave him a big advantage ______ other classmates.
4 (浙江高考)Taking pictures of polar bears is ______(amaze) but also dangerous.
5 All his friends' encouragement added to his confidence ______ winning the game.
6 Healthy eating starts with having a healthy attitude ______ food.
7 A ______(balance) diet and proper exercise are both important if you want to lose weight.
8 I'm looking forward to ______(communicate) with the professor after the lecture.
9 Jack is the manager of the project. He is responsible ______ the whole project. If anything goes wrong, he will take on ______(responsible) for it.
10 Mr Green has worked for nearly 20 years, so he is senior ______ most of his workmates.
11 Eventually, you will lead your own life as a completely ______(dependent) adult.
12 (2024·广东深圳期末)Thanks to advances ______ technology, we can provide our customers with more satisfying products and services.
1. challenging; to 解析：第一空用形容词“challenging”修饰“job”；“equal to”是固定搭配，意为“能胜任”。
2. to solve 解析：“make efforts to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“努力做某事”。
3. over 解析：“advantage over”是固定搭配，意为“优于……的优势”。
4. amazing 解析：用形容词“amazing”修饰“taking pictures of polar bears”这件事。
5. in 解析：“confidence in”是固定搭配，意为“对……的信心”。
6. towards/to 解析：“attitude towards/to”是固定搭配，意为“对……的态度”。
7. balanced 解析：用形容词“balanced”修饰“diet”，表示“均衡的饮食”。
8. communicating 解析：“look forward to”中to是介词，后接动名词。
9. for; responsibility 解析：“be responsible for”是固定搭配；“take on responsibility”表示“承担责任”。
10. to 解析：“senior to”是固定搭配，意为“比……年长/资深”。
11. independent 解析：用形容词“independent”修饰“adult”，表示“独立的成年人”。
12. in 解析：“advances in”是固定搭配，意为“在……方面的进步”。
Ⅳ 用方框内短语的适当形式填空(有两项为多余选项)
rise to make a difference make the most of lie in
last but not least in advance look forward to
1 It's my first trip abroad so I'm going to ______ it.
2 Adam probably doesn't know it, but his kindness really ______ to us kids.
3 The problem ______ how to find the right people to do the job.
4 ______, when you find problems that defeat you, turn to your teachers for help.
5 Hotel rooms are difficult to find during the holiday season. You'd better book one ______.
1. make the most of 解析：句意为“这是我第一次出国旅行，所以我要充分利用它”，“make the most of”表示“充分利用”。
2. makes a difference 解析：句意为“亚当可能不知道，但他的善良真的对我们这些孩子很重要”，“make a difference”表示“有影响，重要”，主语是“his kindness”，谓语用第三人称单数形式。
3. lies in 解析：句意为“问题在于如何找到合适的人来做这项工作”，“lie in”表示“在于”，主语是“The problem”，谓语用第三人称单数形式。
4. Last but not least 解析：句意为“最后但同样重要的是，当你遇到难住你的问题时，向老师求助”。
5. in advance 解析：句意为“假期期间很难找到酒店房间，你最好提前预订”，“in advance”表示“提前”。
Ⅴ 完成句子
1 这是我第一次在舞台上表演。舞台前是我兴奋的同学们。
It was the first time that I had performed on the stage. ______ my excited classmates.(全部倒装)
2 史密斯先生告诉我们这场讲座非常重要，不允许任何人迟到。
Mr Smith told us the lecture was very important and ______.(宾语从句)
3 任何形式的阅读都是有用的，应该予以鼓励。
Reading in all forms ______ and should be encouraged.("of +抽象名词"结构)
4 老师早上七点走进教室，他发现玛丽正在大声朗读。
The teacher came into the classroom at 7:00 a.m., and he ______.( "find +宾语 +现在分词(短语)"结构)
5 对一个十岁的孩子来说，这篇文章是难以理解的。
______ this article.("It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth."句型)
1. In front of the stage were 解析：表示方位的短语“in front of the stage”置于句首，句子用全部倒装。
2. that no one was allowed to be late 解析：“allow sb. to do sth.”的被动形式，作宾语从句。
3. is of use 解析：“of + 抽象名词”结构，“of use”相当于“useful”。
4. found Mary reading aloud 解析：“find + 宾语 + 现在分词”结构，表示发现某人正在做某事。
5. It is difficult for a ten-year-old child to understand 解析：“It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.”句型。
B 综合练|能力提升
建议时间:8分钟
阅读理解
(语篇类型:记叙文 主题语境:人与自我——开学第一天)
(2024·河南鹤壁期中)What a day! I started my new school life this morning and had the best time. I made lots of new friends and really liked my teachers. I was nervous the night before, but I had no reason to be. Everyone was so friendly and polite. They made me feel at ease. It was like I'd been at the school for a hundred years!
The day started very early at 7:00 am. I had my breakfast downstairs with my mom. She could tell that I was very nervous. Mom kept asking me what was wrong. She told me I had nothing to worry about and that everyone was going to love me. If they didn't love me, I could send them her way for a good talk. I couldn't stop laughing.
My mom dropped me off at the school gate about five minutes before the bell rang. A little blonde girl got dropped off at the same time and started waving (招手) at me. She ran to tell me that her name was Abigail. She was very nice and we became close straight away. We spent all morning together and talked with another girl called Stacey. The three of us sat together in the classroom all day and we even made our way home together! It went so quickly. Our teacher told us that tomorrow we would really start learning and developing new skills.
I cannot wait until tomorrow and feel as though I am really going to enjoy my time at my new school. I only hope that my new friends feel the same way too.
1 How did the author feel the night before her new school life
A. Tired.
B. Excited.
C. Worried.
D. Relaxed.
2 What did the author think of her mother's advice
A. Clear.
B. Funny.
C. Reasonable.
D. Excellent.
3 What happened on the author's first day of her new school
A. She met many nice people.
B. She had a hurried breakfast.
C. She learned some new skills.
D. She arrived at school very early.
4 What can we infer about Abigail
A. She disliked Stacey.
B. She was shy and quiet.
C. She got on well with the author.
D. She was an old friend of the author.
1. C (Worried) 解析：根据第一段“I was nervous the night before”可知，作者前一晚很担心，nervous与worried意思相近。
2. B (Funny) 解析：根据第二段“I couldn't stop laughing”可知，作者觉得妈妈的建议很有趣。
3. A (She met many nice people) 解析：根据第一段“I made lots of new friends and really liked my teachers. Everyone was so friendly and polite”可知，作者第一天遇到了很多友善的人。
4. C (She got on well with the author) 解析：根据第三段“She was very nice and we became close straight away. We spent all morning together... even made our way home together”可知，Abigail和作者相处得很好。必修一UNIT 1 Back to school讲义（上）
词句帮 词汇句式详解
Point 1 senior
教材语境 P1 Senior high school is a time of learning and discovery. 高中是一段学习和发现的时光。
用法详解
(1) adj. 中学的；级别(或地位)高的；年纪大的
常见搭配：
senior high (school) 高中
be senior to sb. 比某人的地位/职位高；比某人大
例句：
I believe I will make new friends here, and there's a lot to explore at senior high (school). 我相信我会在这里结交新朋友，而且在高中有很多能探索的东西。(主题素材·交友)
Mr White is also a teacher, but senior to me. 怀特先生也是一名教师，但级别比我高。
(2) n. [C]较……年长的人；级别(或地位)较高者，上司
例句：
It is impolite for children to cut in when their seniors are talking. 孩子们在比他们年长的人谈话时插嘴是不礼貌的。(新素材|五育并举·德育)
Jenny is lively and hard-working, and has been praised by her seniors in the company. 珍妮活泼、勤奋，在公司得到了上司的表扬。
归纳拓展 相关词语积累：
junior
(1) adj. 地位(或职位、级别)低下的；较年幼的，年少的
常见搭配：
junior high (school) 初中
(be) junior to sb. 比某人地位(或职位、级别)低；比某人小
(2) n. [C]职位较低者 an office junior 办公室低级职员
特别提醒 senior 和 junior 本身已含有比较意义，所以无比较级和最高级形式。表示比较时其后用 to 而不用 than。
小试牛刀
1.语法填空
Though my friend is 3 years younger ______ me, he is senior ______ me in the company.
2.单句写作
①从初中升入高中真是一个很大的挑战。
②我们应该尊重那些比我们年长的人。(新素材|五育并举·德育)
Point 2 potential
教材语境 P2 Realizing your potential 发挥你们的潜能
用法详解
(1) n. [U]潜能，潜力；潜在性，可能性
常见搭配：
realize/achieve one’s (full) potential (充分)发挥某人的潜能
have the potential to do/for (doing) sth. 有做某事的潜力/可能性
例句：
Schools should be lively places where each student is encouraged to realize their greatest potential. 学校应该是充满活力的地方，在那里每个学生都被鼓励发挥他们的最大潜能。
The boy has the potential to become a world-class musician. 这个男孩有潜力成为世界级的音乐家。
If you make continuous efforts at senior high school, you certainly have the potential for the top university. 如果你在高中不断努力，你肯定有潜力上一流大学。(主题素材·学习)
(2) adj. 可能的，潜在的。常置于名词前作定语。
常见搭配：potential danger/customers 潜在的危险/顾客
例句：The teacher told students the potential danger of burning the midnight oil. 老师告诉了学生们熬夜的潜在危险。
小试牛刀
1.语法填空
①(2024·江苏镇江期末)In the future, we believe that chatbots like ChatGPT have the potential ______ (change) the way we live with technology. (新素材|科技前沿·聊天机器人)
②The region has great potential ______ rapid economic development.
2.完成句子
作为一名优秀的老师，她使用不同的方法来鼓励她的学生充分发挥他们的潜能。
As a good teacher, she uses different ways to encourage her students to ____________.
Point 3 challenge
教材语境 P2 The path before you leads to a world full of challenges... 你们面前的路通向一个充满挑战的世界……
用法详解
(1) n. [C,U]挑战
常见搭配：
face a challenge 面临挑战
accept/take on/take up a challenge 接受挑战
rise to/meet a challenge 迎接挑战
例句：
When you face a challenge, you must believe you can overcome it and never give up. 当面临挑战的时候，你必须相信你能克服它，而且决不放弃。(新素材|五育并举·德育)
Austin was very confident and always ready to accept/take on/take up any challenge. 奥斯汀很自信，总是准备好接受任何挑战。
Life is a challenge, and only those who rise to/ meet the challenge can truly know what it means. 生活是一项挑战，只有那些迎接挑战的人才能真正了解其意义。(读后续写之主旨升华句)
(2) vt. 向……挑战，邀请……比赛；对……表示怀疑
常见搭配：challenge sb. to sth. 向某人挑战某事，邀请某人进行……比赛
例句：
Mary challenged me to another tennis game. 玛丽邀请我跟她再打一场网球赛。
Nowadays no one will challenge the fact that the earth goes round the sun. 现在没有人会对地球绕着太阳转这一事实表示怀疑。
语境串记 There is a challenge from Class Two. They challenge us to a basketball game, so we have to be ready to meet the challenge next week. 二班(向我们)发起了挑战。他们邀请我们跟他们打一场篮球赛，所以我们必须做好准备，迎接下周的这个挑战。
联想串记 相关词语积累：
challenger n. [C]挑战者
challenge vt.向……挑战 n.挑战
challenging adj. 挑战性的
小试牛刀
1.语法填空
(新考向·语境中考查语言运用能力)I, as the first ______ in my class, ______ Li Bin, who was good at English, to a vocabulary test. It was really ______, and he gladly accepted the ______. Much to my joy, I won in the end. (challenge)
2.完成句子
①当我面临挑战时，我总会对自己说"做你自己"。
When I ____________, I always say to myself "Be yourself".
②昨天下午我们班里的女孩们邀请男孩们打了一场乒乓球赛。
The girls in our class ____________ a table tennis match yesterday afternoon.
Point 4 positive
教材语境 P2 However, for those of you with a positive mind... 不过，对你们当中心态积极的人来说……
用法详解
(1) adj. 积极乐观的，自信的；良好的，正面的
常见搭配：
a positive attitude 乐观的态度
be positive about... 对……积极
例句：
You’ve got to have a positive attitude to do well in life whenever possible. 无论何时，你都得有个乐观向上的生活态度。(新素材|五育并举·德育)
I think that musical education has positive effects on senior high school students. 我认为音乐教育对于高中生来说有积极的影响。(主题素材·美育)
(2) adj. (医学检验)呈阳性的
例句：The runner was not allowed to compete after testing positive for drugs. 这位赛跑运动员在药物检测中被测出呈阳性后被禁止比赛。
联想串记 相关词语积累：
positively adv. 积极地；肯定地
positive adj. 积极乐观的；良好的；呈阳性的
negative adj. 消极的，负面的；有害的；结果为阴性的 n. [C]否定
小试牛刀
选出下列句子中 positive 的含义
1.If you have a positive attitude about homework, you're more likely to get positive feedback (反馈) on your report card. (主题素材·学习态度)
；
2.I asked her what would happen if one tests positive.
A. something has happened or is present
B. be hopeful and confident
C. good or useful
Point 5 effort
教材语境 P2 ... your time and effort at senior high school will... ……你们在高中阶段度过的时光和付出的努力将会……
用法详解
(1) n. [U,C]努力，费力的事
常见搭配：
with (an) effort 费力地
without effort 毫不费力地
put effort into (doing) sth. 努力做某事
spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事
be well worth the effort 非常值得
例句：
With (an) effort, the little girl managed to stop herself laughing. 这个小女孩好不容易才忍住了笑。
Ever since Jean came to China, she has shown great interest in Chinese culture and has put a lot of effort into learning Chinese. 自从琼来到中国，她就对中国文化表现出浓厚的兴趣，并努力学习中文。(新素材|文化自信·中文)
Mary’s parents spared no effort to have her on her feet. 为了使玛丽恢复健康，她的父母想尽了办法。
It’s a long climb to the top, but well worth the effort. 登顶之路漫漫，虽然费力却非常值得。
(2) n. [C] 尽力，艰难的尝试。其后常接动词不定式作后置定语。
常见搭配：
make an effort/make efforts (to do sth.) 努力(做某事)
make every effort to do sth. 尽全力做某事
in an effort to do sth. 为了做某事
例句：
With the efforts made by both sides, we began to understand each other better. 在双方的努力下，我们开始更加了解对方。(链高考|全国甲卷)
The school clubs are making every effort to interest more students. 学校社团正在尽一切努力来吸引更多的学生。
In an effort to cheer him, I clapped and said, "That was great! You were great!" 为了鼓励他，我鼓掌说："太棒了！你很棒！"
小试牛刀
1.语法填空
Managing the family budget(预算) must have been a very hard task, but my mother made it look ______ (effort).
2.结合 effort 的用法完成句子
①为了赶上她的同班同学，莫利学习一直非常努力。
Molly has been studying very hard ____________ her classmates.
②尽管面临许多挑战，但我没有放弃，而且尽全力实现我的梦想。
Though faced with many challenges, I didn't give up and ____________.
③人生是一个不断奋斗的过程，没有人可以毫不费力地取得成功。
Life is a continuous process of struggling and no one can achieve success ____________. (读后续写之主旨升华句)
Points 6&7 advance, amazing
教材语境 P3 ... what medical advances you will make or what amazing technologies you will develop! ……实现哪些医学突破，或者开发出哪些不可思议的技术！
6 advance
用法详解
(1) n. [C,U]进步，进展；[C]前进，行进
常见搭配：(make) an advance in... 在……方面(取得)的进展/进步
例句：With the help of his English teacher, he has made great advances in his spoken English. 在他的英语老师的帮助下，他的英语口语有了大幅度的提高。(主题素材·学习)
(2) vi. 前进，行进；vi.& vt. (知识、技术等)发展，进步
例句：
He who does not advance loses ground. 不进则退。
This research has done much to advance our understanding of language learning. 这项研究大大提高了我们对语言学习的认识。
熟词生义 你知道 advance 在下面句子中的词性及含义吗？
(浙江高考)Scientists have advanced many theories(学说) about why human beings cry tears.
点拨：vt. 提出(理论、想法)
归纳拓展 相关词语积累：
(1)
in advance 预先，事先，提前
in advance of... 在……前面；(发展上)超越……
例句：His ideas were well in advance of the age in which he lived. 他的思想远远超越了他所处的时代。
(2) advanced adj. 先进的；高级的
小试牛刀
1.语法填空
①(天津高考)As we develop more ______ (advance) AI technology, we would then have to use new ways of communicating with that technology. (新素材|科技前沿·AI)
②(天津3月高考) Great improvements in public health have been brought about by advances ______ medical science.
2.完成句子
(天津高考)—Next time you visit Bob, remember to give him a call ____________ (提前).
—Good point. I will.
7 amazing
用法详解 amazing adj. 惊人的，了不起的。在句中可作表语、定语或补语，常用来修饰物。
例句：Travelling with friends can be certainly an amazing experience where you can make lifelong memories and friendship. 和朋友一起旅行绝对是一种奇妙的经历，你可以留下终身的回忆和友谊。
联想串记 相关词语积累：
amaze vt.使惊奇
+-d，形容词后缀→amazed adj.大为惊奇的(常用来修饰人或人的表情、声音等)，搭配：be amazed at/by... 对……感到惊奇；be amazed to see/find... 惊奇地看见/发现……
+-ing，形容词后缀→amazing adj. 惊人的，了不起的
+-ment，名词后缀→amazement n. [U]惊奇，惊诧，搭配：to one’s amazement 令某人感到惊奇的是；in amazement 惊奇地
+-ingly，副词后缀→amazingly adv. 令人惊奇的是
语境串记 The news was so amazing that all the people present at the meeting were amazed at it. 这个消息太令人惊奇了，所有出席会议的人都感到很惊讶。
小试牛刀
1.用 amaze 的适当形式填空
①(2024·天津3月)It was really an ______ way to learn not only my family's recipes(食谱), but also my family's story.
②The audience were ______ by the speaker's ______ performance on the stage.
2.完成句子
①___________(令我们感到惊奇的是), my younger brother can sing a pop song at such an early age.
②It is well-known that Jiuzhaigou ___________(有令人惊叹的景色) and I ___________(对它的美感到惊奇) when I saw it. (应用文写作之旅游景点描写)
Points 8&9 confidence, make a difference
教材语境 P3 ...I have confidence in your ability to make a difference to your family, to your community and to our country. ……我相信你们有能力对你们的家庭、你们的社区、我们的国家产生影响。
8 confidence
用法详解 confidence n. [U]信心，信任；自信心，把握
常见搭配：
have/lose confidence in... 对……有/失去信心
build (up) one’s confidence 建立某人的自信心
a lack of/lack confidence 缺乏信心
with confidence 有把握地，自信地
例句：
There will be no difficulty that we can’t overcome as long as we have confidence in ourselves. 只要我们对自己有信心，就没有我们克服不了的困难。(读后续写之主旨升华句)
Many of us like to do easy things first to build (up) our confidence. 我们当中的许多人喜欢先做简单的事情来建立信心。
James answered the questions with confidence. 詹姆斯有把握地回答了那些问题。
归纳拓展 相关词语积累：
(1) confident adj. 自信的，有自信心的；确信，有把握的
搭配：
be confident about sth. 对某事有信心
be confident of (doing) sth. 对(做)某事有把握
be confident that... 确信……
(2) confidently adv. 自信地
语境串记 When you are communicating with others, expressing yourself clearly and confidently will help you increase your confidence. And being confident will add to your personal charm. 当你与其他人交流时，清楚自信地表达自己将会帮你增强自信心，而且自信会增加你的个人魅力。
小试牛刀
1.语法填空
①(浙江高考)By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they're building their children's ______ (confident), when, in fact, it may be just the opposite.
②Learning to speak English ______ (confident) doesn't happen overnight. It takes time and you need to make continuous efforts.
2.完成句子
高一新生让我很惊喜，因为他们对自己的高中生活充满信心。
I'm amazed at the high school freshmen, because they ____________.
9 make a difference
用法详解 make a difference 意为"有影响，有作用，有关系"，可单独使用，也可用于以下结构：
常见搭配：
make a difference to sb./sth. 对某人/某物来说有影响/有关系
It makes a difference (to sb.) +从句. ……(对某人来说)有影响/有关系。
例句：
One false step will make a great difference. [谚]失之毫厘，谬以千里。
Exercise can make a great difference to your state of health. 运动会极大地改善你的健康状况。
It makes a big difference where you put the plants—they only grow in this soil. 你把这些植物放在哪里影响很大——它们只能在这种土壤里生长。
归纳拓展 与 difference 相关的其他短语：
difference
make little/no difference (to sb./sth.) (对某人/某物)几乎没有/没有影响
make some/much difference (to sb./sth.) (对某人/某物)有一些/有很大影响
tell the difference 区分/辨别不同
小试牛刀
结合 difference 的用法完成句子
1.There is no doubt that acquiring the knowledge of first aid(急救) ____________(将对……有很大影响) our life.
2.(江苏高考)Before birth, babies can ____________(辨别不同) between loud sounds and voices.
3.—Shall we go out for a walk or go to the movies
—____________(对我来说没差别). They are both good ideas.
Point 10 take advantage of
教材语境 P3 Take advantage of your classes... 要让学校课程为你们所用……
用法详解 take advantage of 利用
例句：I’m going to take advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle. 我将利用这次旅行来探索这个城堡的历史。(链高考|天津)
归纳拓展 与 advantage 相关的其他短语：
advantage
be at an advantage 占优势
be at a disadvantage 处于劣势
have the advantage of... 具有……的有利条件
have the/an advantage over sb. 胜过某人，优于某人；比某人占优势
to sb.’s advantage 对某人有利
to sb.’s disadvantage 对某人不利
(反) disadvantage n. [C,U]缺点，劣势，不利条件
小试牛刀
完成句子
1.You will ____________(占优势) if you have thought about the interview questions in advance.
2.Joseph ____________(比……占优势) others to get the opportunity as an exchange student since he can speak German. He should ____________(利用) this and avoid his ____________(劣势) during the interview.
Point 11 equal
教材语境 P3 Of equal importance are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude. 同样重要的还有良好的学习习惯、实用的技能以及积极的态度。
用法详解
adj. 相等的，相同的；平等的；能胜任的
n. [C]相等物，同等的人
linking verb (大小、数量、价值等)与……相等，等于；vt. 比得上
搭配：
be equal in... 在……方面相同/平等
be equal to... 等于……；能应付/能胜任……
be without equal 无敌，无与伦比
have no equal
A equals B in... A在……方面比得上B
例句：
The two books are more or less equal in length. 这两本书篇幅差不多。
The teachers make every effort to make sure that all students will be given equal opportunities. 老师们尽一切努力确保所有学生都能得到平等的机会。
The film has no equal in the cinema history. 那部电影在电影史上无与伦比。
Some people believe that wealth and success equal happiness. 有人认为财富和成功就是幸福。
联想串记 相关词语积累：
equal
ly 副词后缀→equally adv. 平等地，同样地
ity 名词后缀→equality n. [U] 平等，相等
un 否定前缀→unequal adj. 不相等的；不平等的
小试牛刀
1.语法填空
①In terms of work experience and the ability, I believe Bernard is equal ______ the job.
②Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be ______ (equal) respected.
③— Why did you choose Jennifer as leader of the team
—No one equals her ______ skills and experience.
2.用 equal 的相关短语完成句子
A local history book from the late Qing Dynasty praised salted duck, saying it ____________(无与伦比).
课后练习
A 基础练|知识巩固
建议时间:30分钟
Ⅰ 单词拼写(用本部分所学单词)
1 In a word, p______ thinking is a powerful tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life.
2 Childhood experiences often play a big part in shaping one's c______.
3 Parents need to encourage kids to realize their p______ without putting too much pressure on them.
4 (浙江1月高考)We are almost certain to get knocked down(击倒) at some point during the process of achieving our g______.
5 (天津高考)It took him a long time to ______(获得) the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
6 (2024·新高考I卷)Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other ______(资源)used to grow it.
7 (全国乙卷)It's kind of hard to find a ______(平衡) between what you have to do and what you want to do.
8 Believe it or not, some ______(个人)are born with a gift for public speaking.
9 In the Chinese class, our teacher creates an environment where we are given the ______(机会) to solve problems by ourselves.
10 (2024·江苏南京检测)It's a good idea to take advantage of the ______(设施) in our communities to keep fit.
Ⅱ 词形转换
1 ______n.挑战 vt. 向……挑战；对……表示怀疑—______n.挑战者—______adj.挑战性的
2 amaze vt.使惊奇—______adj.惊人的，了不起的—______adj.大为惊奇的—______n.惊奇，惊诧
3 ______adj.自信的；确信—______n.信心，自信心—______adv.自信地
4 ______adj.相等的；平等的；能胜任的 vt.比得上 n. 相等物，同等的人—______n.平等，相等—______adv.平等地，同样地—______adj.不相等的，不平等的
5 ______vt.权衡重要性；vt. & vi.使保持平衡 n. 平衡；平衡能力—______adj.平衡的—______adj.心理不平衡的—______n.不平衡—______adj.失衡的
6 ______adj.有责任的，负责—______n.责任，义务—______adv.认真负责地—______adj.不负责任的
7 depend vi.依靠—______adj.依赖的—______n.依赖，依靠—______adj.独立的，自立的—______n.独立，自立
Ⅲ 语法填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1 It's a ______(challenge) job but I'm sure you'll prove yourself equal ______ it.
2 (2024·江苏扬州检测)The local communities are making efforts ______(solve) the parking problem with digital technologies.
3 His hard work gave him a big advantage ______ other classmates.
4 (浙江高考)Taking pictures of polar bears is ______(amaze) but also dangerous.
5 All his friends' encouragement added to his confidence ______ winning the game.
6 Healthy eating starts with having a healthy attitude ______ food.
7 A ______(balance) diet and proper exercise are both important if you want to lose weight.
8 I'm looking forward to ______(communicate) with the professor after the lecture.
9 Jack is the manager of the project. He is responsible ______ the whole project. If anything goes wrong, he will take on ______(responsible) for it.
10 Mr Green has worked for nearly 20 years, so he is senior ______ most of his workmates.
11 Eventually, you will lead your own life as a completely ______(dependent) adult.
12 (2024·广东深圳期末)Thanks to advances ______ technology, we can provide our customers with more satisfying products and services.
Ⅳ 用方框内短语的适当形式填空(有两项为多余选项)
rise to make a difference make the most of lie in
last but not least in advance look forward to
1 It's my first trip abroad so I'm going to ______ it.
2 Adam probably doesn't know it, but his kindness really ______ to us kids.
3 The problem ______ how to find the right people to do the job.
4 ______, when you find problems that defeat you, turn to your teachers for help.
5 Hotel rooms are difficult to find during the holiday season. You'd better book one ______.
Ⅴ 完成句子
1 这是我第一次在舞台上表演。舞台前是我兴奋的同学们。
It was the first time that I had performed on the stage. ______ my excited classmates.(全部倒装)
2 史密斯先生告诉我们这场讲座非常重要，不允许任何人迟到。
Mr Smith told us the lecture was very important and ______.(宾语从句)
3 任何形式的阅读都是有用的，应该予以鼓励。
Reading in all forms ______ and should be encouraged.("of +抽象名词"结构)
4 老师早上七点走进教室，他发现玛丽正在大声朗读。
The teacher came into the classroom at 7:00 a.m., and he ______.( "find +宾语 +现在分词(短语)"结构)
5 对一个十岁的孩子来说，这篇文章是难以理解的。
______ this article.("It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth."句型)
B 综合练|能力提升
建议时间:8分钟
阅读理解
(语篇类型:记叙文 主题语境:人与自我——开学第一天)
(2024·河南鹤壁期中)What a day! I started my new school life this morning and had the best time. I made lots of new friends and really liked my teachers. I was nervous the night before, but I had no reason to be. Everyone was so friendly and polite. They made me feel at ease. It was like I'd been at the school for a hundred years!
The day started very early at 7:00 am. I had my breakfast downstairs with my mom. She could tell that I was very nervous. Mom kept asking me what was wrong. She told me I had nothing to worry about and that everyone was going to love me. If they didn't love me, I could send them her way for a good talk. I couldn't stop laughing.
My mom dropped me off at the school gate about five minutes before the bell rang. A little blonde girl got dropped off at the same time and started waving (招手) at me. She ran to tell me that her name was Abigail. She was very nice and we became close straight away. We spent all morning together and talked with another girl called Stacey. The three of us sat together in the classroom all day and we even made our way home together! It went so quickly. Our teacher told us that tomorrow we would really start learning and developing new skills.
I cannot wait until tomorrow and feel as though I am really going to enjoy my time at my new school. I only hope that my new friends feel the same way too.
1 How did the author feel the night before her new school life
A. Tired.
B. Excited.
C. Worried.
D. Relaxed.
2 What did the author think of her mother's advice
A. Clear.
B. Funny.
C. Reasonable.
D. Excellent.
3 What happened on the author's first day of her new school
A. She met many nice people.
B. She had a hurried breakfast.
C. She learned some new skills.
D. She arrived at school very early.
4 What can we infer about Abigail
A. She disliked Stacey.
B. She was shy and quiet.
C. She got on well with the author.
D. She was an old friend of the author.
