必修一UNIT 1 Back to school讲义（下）
词句帮 词汇句式详解
Point 1 exchange
教材语境 P11 Last year, I had the chance to study at a British secondary school as an exchange student. 去年，我有机会作为交换生在英国的一所中学学习。
用法详解
(1) n. [C,U]交换，交流；[U]兑换
常见搭配：
an exchange student 交换生
in exchange (for...) 作为（……的）交换
例句：
When I was a middle school student, I came to China as an exchange student. 当我是一个中学生的时候，我作为交换生来到中国。
Mary is teaching me English in exchange for my teaching her Chinese. 我教玛丽汉语，作为交换，她教我英语。
(2) vt. 交换，交流；交易，兑换；更换
常见搭配：
exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交流/交换某物
exchange...for... 以……换取/兑换……
例句：
We exchanged our opinions with each other on the topics we were interested in the English class. 我们在英语课上就我们感兴趣的话题交换了意见。
You can exchange pounds for dollars here. 你可以在这里把英镑兑换成美元。
巧学妙记 图形助记 exchange 的多种含义：
小试牛刀
1.选出下列句子中 exchange 的英文释义
①Thanks to this exchange programme, an increasing number of foreign students are studying in China. ______
②I usually exchange a few words of greeting with my neighbour after breakfast. ______
③I'd like to exchange this dress for a larger one because this one is too small. ______
A. to say something to someone and then listen to what they say
B. to replace one thing with another
C. an arrangement in which students or teachers visit another school or university to work or study
2.情境写作
(新考向·语境中考查语言运用能力)As ______ (交换生), I've learned a lot about Chinese culture by ______ (和……交流想法) you, and ______ (作为交换) I'm honored to help you improve your spoken English.
答案解析 1. ①C ②A ③B
2. an exchange student; exchanging ideas with; in exchange
Point 2 alarm
教材语境 P11 I like it so much that I still use it as my alarm! 我太喜欢这只钟了，现在还在用它当闹钟呢！
用法详解
(1) n. [C]闹钟(= alarm clock)；警报器；[C, usually sing.]警报；[U]惊恐，惊慌
常见搭配：
set the alarm for +时间 把闹钟定在……时间
a fire/smoke alarm 防火/烟火警报器
set off the alarm 触动警报器
raise/sound the alarm 发出警报
in alarm 惊慌地（常作方式状语）
例句：
Set the alarm for 6 o'clock, or you will be late for the train tomorrow. 把闹钟定在6点钟，否则你明天会误了火车。
Everyone ran out of the building when the fire alarm sounded. 火警响起时，所有人都从大楼里跑了出来。
All of a sudden, a loud noise came from downstairs, making Ellie cry out in alarm. 楼下突然传来一声巨响，使埃利惊慌地大叫起来。
(2) vt. 使担心，使害怕，使惊恐
例句：Sue's high temperature greatly alarmed the doctors. 苏体温很高，这使医生很担心。
归纳拓展 相关词语积累：
(1) alarming adj. 使人惊恐的，令人惊慌的（表示事或物的性质）
(2) alarmed adj. 担心的，害怕的（表示人自身的感受）
搭配：
be/feel alarmed by/at sth. 因某事而担心/害怕
be/feel alarmed to hear/see/find/discover... 惊讶地听到/看到/发现……
小试牛刀
判断下列句子中 alarm 的词性及含义
①The moment my alarm clock rang, I jumped out of the bed, got dressed as quickly as I could and rushed downstairs to catch the school bus. ______
②His car alarm had been ringing for two days and as a result, the battery was flat. ______
③The rapid spread of the disease has alarmed many people at that time. ______
用 alarm 的适当形式填空
(2024·福建福州期末)Like many people, Stimpson, who is nearly 80, has been ______ to see an ______ loss of wildlife in his lifetime.
单句写作
当猫出现的时候，鸟惊慌地飞走了。
答案解析 1. ①n. 闹钟 ②n. 警报器 ③vt. 使害怕，使惊恐
2. alarmed; alarming
3. The bird flew off in alarm when the cat appeared.
Point 3 contribution
教材语境 P11 ... but I could not make a great contribution... ……可是我做不了多大的贡献……
用法详解
(1) n. [C,usually sing.]贡献
常见搭配：make a contribution to... 对……做出贡献（to 为介词，后跟名词、代词或动词-ing 形式）
例句：I admire Qian Xuesen a lot because he made a great contribution to China. 我很敬佩钱学森，因为他为中国做出了巨大贡献。
(2) n. [C]捐款，捐资；稿件，文稿；[U]捐献，捐助
常见搭配：make a contribution to... 向……捐款
例句：
The businessman makes a contribution to the Red Cross every year. 这个商人每年都给红十字会捐款。
All the money has been raised by voluntary contribution. 所有这些钱都是靠自愿捐献筹集的。
All contributions for the next issue must be received by Friday. 所有要在下一期发表的稿件必须在星期五以前寄到。（应用文写作之征稿函）
小试牛刀
判断下列句子中 contribution 的含义
①Tu Youyou was awarded(奖励) the Nobel Prize for her contribution to the fight against malaria. ______
②His company made a very large contribution to the flood-stricken area. ______
完成句子
Su Shi not only had a great gift for poetry, but also ______ (对……做出巨大贡献) other fields, such as painting and calligraphy.
答案解析 1. ①贡献 ②捐款
2. made great contributions to
Point 4 attract
教材语境 P12 The one that attracted me most was the Rugby Club. 最吸引我的是橄榄球俱乐部。
用法详解 attract vt. 吸引；招引；引起（反应）
常见搭配：
attract...to... 引起……对……的兴趣
be attracted by... 被……吸引
attract sb.'s attention/interest 引起某人的注意/兴趣
例句：
It's partly true that Dickens' style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. 在一定程度上，狄更斯的写作风格确实吸引了来自各行各业的读者。（链高考|浙江）
What attracted me most to the job was the chance to travel around the world. 这份工作最吸引我的地方是有机会环球旅行。
The teacher uses some interesting questions from time to time to attract the students' attention. 这位老师不时地用一些有趣的问题来吸引学生的注意力。
联想串记 相关词语积累：
attractive adj. 有吸引力的；吸引人的 → be attractive to... 对……有吸引力
attract vt. 吸引 → attraction n. [U,sing.]吸引，爱慕；[C]有吸引力的事，向往的地方；[C,U]有吸引力的特征（或品质、人） → 搭配：have no attraction for sb. 对某人不具有吸引力；tourist attractions 旅游景点
语境串记 In Beijing, there are many tourist attractions, like the Great Wall, the Temple of Heaven and Tian'anmen Square. But what attracts me most is the Great Wall, which is also attractive to foreigners. More and more foreigners are attracted by its beauty and come to China. 北京有许多旅游胜地，比如长城、天坛以及天安门广场。但是最吸引我的是长城，它对外国人来说也很有吸引力。越来越多的外国人被它的美吸引而来到中国。
小试牛刀
语法填空
1.(新考向·语境中考查语言运用能力)As one of the most ______ places, Mount Wuyi ______ millions of tourists each year, and one of its most famous tourist ______ is the Nine-Bend River. (attract)
2.When you come to Zhangjiajie, you will be completely attracted ______ the natural scenery.
3.Known as one of the four great ancient civilizations, China is attractive ______ many foreigners.
答案解析 1. attractive; attracts; attractions。句意：作为最有吸引力的地方之一，武夷山每年吸引数百万的游客，那里最著名的旅游景点之一是九曲溪。
2. by
3. to。句意：中国被称为四大文明古国之一，对很多外国人来说很有吸引力。
Point 5 动词不定式作后置定语修饰抽象名词
教材语境 P11-12 ①Last year, I had the chance to study at a British secondary school as an exchange student. 去年，我有机会作为交换生在英国的一所中学学习。
②Joining clubs was a great way to meet British students and make friends with them. 加入俱乐部是与英国学生相识、交友的好方法。
③I am glad to have the opportunity to experience this different way of life. 我很高兴有机会体验这种不同的生活方式。
用法详解 英语中，一些抽象名词后常接动词不定式作后置定语，常见的此类名词有 ability、courage、right、chance、opportunity、way、time 等。
例句：
The next meeting will be held in two weeks, so you still have time to read the book. 下次会议两周后举行，所以你还有时间读这本书。
It's an opportunity to make the Chinese culture better known to international students. 这是一个让国际学生更好地了解中国文化的机会。（链高考|江苏）
小试牛刀
语法填空
1.We all have challenges, but the key is to have the courage ______ (face) what's bad about them and still find what's good.
2.(2024·浙江1月)Painful experiences play a key role in helping us develop our ability ______ (feel) truly happy.
答案解析 1. to face。句意：我们都会遇到挑战，但关键是要有勇气去面对其中的不利因素，同时还要找到其中的积极因素。
2. to feel
Point 6 替代词的用法
教材语境 P11 ①The classes are different from those in China. 英国的课堂与中国的不同。
教材语境 P12 ②After school, there were many clubs to join. The one that attracted me most was the Rugby Club. 放学后，有许多俱乐部可以参加。最吸引我的是橄榄球俱乐部。
句式剖析 在句①中，those 替代可数名词复数 the classes；在句②中，The one 替代的是可数名词单数 club。
用法详解 在英语中，为了避免重复，常用一些替代词替代前面出现过的名词。常见的替代词有：one、ones、the one、the ones、that 和 those。具体用法如下：
替代词 用法 例句
one 泛指；代替前面出现过的可数名词的单数，相当于"a/an +可数名词单数"。 I hope there are enough gifts for each guest to have one. 我希望有足够多的礼物，每一位嘉宾都能收到一份。（指代 gift）
ones 泛指；代替前面出现过的可数名词复数。 There are many books in this shop. Would you recommend some good ones 这家商店里有很多书，你能推荐一些不错的吗？（指代 books）
the one 特指；代替前面出现过的可数名词的单数，相当于"the +可数名词单数"，后面常有定语修饰。 The blonde girl I saw was older than the one you were dancing with. 我看到的那个金发女孩比和你一起跳舞的那个女孩年纪要大一些。（指代 the girl）
the ones 特指；代替前面出现过的可数名词复数，相当于"the +可数名词复数"。 The teacher gave apples to all the pupils except the ones who had already taken them. 老师把苹果给了所有学生，除了那些已经拿到了苹果的学生。（指代 the pupils）
that 特指；代替不可数名词或者可数名词单数，通常只指物，不指人，相当于"the +不可数名词/可数名词单数"。that 后通常有定语修饰。 The population of Japan is much smaller than that of China. 日本的人口要比中国的少得多。（指代 the population）
those 特指；代替可数名词复数或集合名词，通常指物，有时也可指人，相当于"the +可数名词复数"。those 后通常有定语修饰。 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. 研究发现，早起锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的人睡得好。（链高考
小试牛刀
选词填空: one/ones/the one/the ones/that/those
1.(浙江高考)In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from ______ in the UK.
2.(天津高考)At our factory there are a few machines similar to ______ described in this magazine.
3.(新高考Ⅰ卷)So, don't stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it's a truly serious ______.
4.(浙江1月高考)Of all the stories of my early childhood, ______ about a tree is my mother's favorite.
5.Some bad habits, if not controlled, could lead to more serious ______ when teenagers become adults.
答案解析 1. that。句意：美国的教育体系与英国的教育体系在很多方面差异不大。空处表特指，替代 the education system，故应填 that。
2. those/the ones。句意：我们工厂里有一些机器与这本杂志里描述的机器相似。根据句意可知，空处所替代的内容为 the machines，同时空处被 described in this magazine 修饰，故填 those 或 the ones。
3. one。句意：因此当你出错的时候不要停止演讲，除非真的是很严重的错。由语境可知，空处泛指前面提到的 mistake，故用 one。
4. the one。句意：在我幼年时期的所有故事中，我妈妈最喜欢的是一个关于一棵树的故事。由语境可知，空处表特指，故填 the one。
5. ones。空处表泛指，替代 bad habits，应填 ones。
Point 7 "so...that..."结构
教材语境 P11 I like it so much that I still use it as my alarm! 我太喜欢这只钟了，现在还在用它当闹钟呢！
用法详解 "so...that..."结构表示"如此……以至于……"，引导结果状语从句时，so 后通常接形容词或副词，其具体用法如下：
so + \begin{cases}
例句：
Wang Peng is so crazy about football that he spends nearly all of his spare time playing football. 王鹏对足球非常痴迷，几乎所有的空闲时间都用来踢足球了。
The little girl speaks English so fluently that many people think she is a native of England. 这个小女孩英语说得非常流利，很多人认为她是一个土生土长的英国人。
Mount Huangshan is so well-known a tourist attraction that millions of people visit it every year. 黄山是一个非常著名的旅游胜地，每年都有数百万人参观它。（应用文写作之推荐旅游景点）
There were so many customers that the cook was busy. 顾客如此之多，厨师很忙碌。
We had so little time that we couldn't finish the work on time. 我们的时间太少了，因此我们不能按时完成那项工作。
归纳拓展 相关知识积累：
"such...that..."也表示"如此……以至于……"，但 such 修饰名词，其具体用法为：
such + \begin{cases}
例句：
It is such a heavy box that I can't lift it. ( = It is so heavy a box that I can't lift it. ) 箱子太重，我提不起来。
He made such rapid progress that he was praised by his teacher. 他进步非常快，老师表扬了他。
巧学妙记 巧记 so 和 such 的用法区别：
名前 such，形副 so；
多多少少（many/much/few/little）也用 so；
little 一词特殊记，"小"用 such，"少"用 so。
小试牛刀
1.选词填空: so/such
①It is ______ a wet city that the trees there are tall, some measuring over 9 meters.
②(江苏高考)It is ______ cold that you can't go outside unless fully covered in thick clothes.
③ It's ______ good weather that I would like to have a walk in the park.
④(浙江高考) Pahlsson screamed(高声喊) ______ loudly that her daughter came running from the house.
2.完成句子
起初我有些紧张，但每个人都那么亲切、友好，我很快就不担心了。
I was a little nervous at first, but everyone was ______ I soon stopped worrying. (读后续写之心理活动描写)
答案解析 1. ①such ②so ③such ④so
2. so nice and friendly that
Point 8 动词-ing 的复合结构作宾语
教材语境 P12 I still have photos of myself acting in William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream. 我至今还留着自己参演威廉·莎士比亚的《仲夏夜之梦》时的剧照。
用法详解
(1) 动词-ing 前边可以加上一个逻辑主语，动词-ing 同其逻辑主语构成动词-ing 复合结构。
(2) 动词-ing 形式作宾语时，逻辑主语常用形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、名词通格或人称代词宾格。
一般主动式(doing)；一般被动式(being done)；完成主动式(having done)；完成被动式(having been done)
例句：
Feeling hot, she asked, "Do you mind my/me opening the window " 她觉得很热，就问："你介意我打开窗户吗？"
I'm amazed at Tim's/Tim suddenly becoming a polite boy. 让我吃惊的是，蒂姆突然变成了一个懂礼貌的男孩。
小试牛刀
用动词-ing 的复合结构作宾语完成句子
1.你还记得她的母亲去年来看过我们吗？
Do you still remember ______ last year
2.詹妮并不介意她的书被别的学生用。
Jenny doesn't mind ______ by other students.
答案解析 1. her mother coming to see us
2. her books being used
课后练习
A 基础练|知识巩固
建议时间:10分钟
Ⅰ 单词拼写(用本部分所学单词)
1 Now her eyes shine and a broad smile spreads across her face, though she has just experienced a t______ time.
2 I'm a new s______ school student. My new school life is very exciting.
3 It was the first time that I had spent Spring Festival in China with my h______ family.
4 I was late, but ______(幸运的是)the meeting hadn't started.
5 (新高考Ⅰ卷)Many museums are lively places and they ______(吸引) a lot of visitors.
1. tough 解析：句意为“尽管她刚刚经历了一段艰难的时光，现在她的眼睛闪闪发光，脸上绽放出灿烂的笑容”，“tough”意为“艰难的”。
2. senior 解析：“senior school”表示“高中”，句意为“我是一名新的高中生，我的新学校生活非常令人兴奋”。
3. host 解析：“host family”表示“寄宿家庭”，句意为“这是我第一次和我的寄宿家庭在中国过春节”。
4. fortunately 解析：“幸运的是”对应的英文副词是“fortunately”。
5. attract 解析：句意为“许多博物馆是充满活力的地方，它们吸引了很多游客”，主语是“they”，谓语用原形“attract”。
Ⅱ 词形转换
1 ______n. 恐慌；警报；警报器 vt. 使惊恐，使害怕—______adj. 使人惊恐的，令人惊慌的—______adj. 担心，害怕
2 fortunate adj.—______adj. 不幸的—______adv. 幸运地，幸亏—______adv. 不幸地
3 ______vt. 吸引；招引；引起(反应)—______adj. 有吸引力的，吸引人的—______n. 吸引；有吸引力的事
1. alarm; alarming; alarmed
2. unfortunate; fortunately; unfortunately
3. attract; attractive; attraction
Ⅲ 语法填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1 Before graduation, students exchange presents ______ each other.
2 Fan Jinshi has made great contributions ______ protecting cultural relics(遗迹) in the Mogao Caves.
3 Qingdao is an ______(attract) city located on the eastern coast of China.
4 The temperature now is higher than ______ of 100 years ago because of more and more greenhouse gases.
5 This morning the cat knocked over a vase suddenly, and we woke ______ alarm.
1. with 解析：“exchange...with...”是固定搭配，意为“与……交换……”。
2. to 解析：“make contributions to”是固定搭配，意为“为……做贡献”。
3. attractive 解析：用形容词“attractive”修饰“city”，表示“有吸引力的城市”。
4. that 解析：“that”指代前文的“temperature”，用于比较结构中。
5. in 解析：“wake in alarm”表示“惊恐地醒来”。
Ⅳ 完成句子
1 有些人花时间在网上给朋友发短信，却忽略正坐在他们面前的朋友。
Some people spend time texting friends online, but they ignore ______.
2 故乡变化如此之大，我几乎认不出来它了。
My hometown has changed ______ I can hardly recognize it. (so...that...)
3 我真的很感激你这么快回电话。
I really appreciate ______ so soon. (动词-ing 短语的复合结构作宾语)
4 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。
______ is as important as the idea itself. (动词不定式作后置定语修饰抽象名词)
1. the friends sitting right in front of them 解析：“sitting right in front of them”是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰“friends”。
2. so much that 解析：“so...that...”结构，“so much”修饰“changed”。
3. your calling back 解析：动词-ing短语的复合结构“your calling back”作“appreciate”的宾语。
4. The ability to express an idea 解析：动词不定式“to express an idea”作后置定语，修饰“ability”。
B 综合练|能力提升
建议时间:15分钟
Ⅰ 课文语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last year, I had the chance to study at a British secondary school as 1 exchange student. Every secondary school student in the UK must study English, Maths and the Science subjects: Biology, Chemistry and Physics. They can also choose 2 (study) other subjects, such as History, Art and Business. I enjoyed most of the classes, but some of them were quite 3 (challenge). Technology classes were fun. I 4 (make) a clock to take home. The teacher helped me put the parts together. I like it so much that I still use it as my alarm! There 5 (be) not as much homework as I was used to but it was still challenging. 6 (fortunate), my teachers and classmates were always helpful and gave me 7 (encourage). My language skills improved 8 time. After school, there were many clubs to join. The one 9 attracted me most was the Rugby Club. Also, I enjoyed acting in the Theatre Club. 10 (join) clubs was a great way to meet British students and make friends with them.
1. an 解析：“exchange student”是可数名词单数，且“exchange”以元音音素开头，故用“an”。
2. to study 解析：“choose to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“选择做某事”。
3. challenging 解析：用形容词“challenging”作表语，意为“有挑战性的”。
4. made 解析：根据上下文时态，此处用一般过去时。
5. was 解析：“homework”是不可数名词，故be动词用“was”。
6. Fortunately 解析：用副词“Fortunately”修饰整个句子，意为“幸运的是”。
7. encouragement 解析：“give sb. encouragement”表示“给某人鼓励”，用名词形式。
8. over 解析：“over time”是固定搭配，意为“随着时间的推移”。
9. that 解析：定语从句中，先行词是“the one”，关系代词用“that”。
10. Joining 解析：动名词作主语，“Joining clubs”在句中作主语。
Ⅱ 阅读理解七选五
(语篇类型:说明文 主题语境:人与自我——寄宿学校)
Going away to a boarding school is a lot like going away to college. You have to say goodbye to your parents, your friends and worst of all, your beloved best friend—your dog. 1. The school actually offers a lot of opportunities for success, and prepare you for the fast-paced curriculum(课程) of college. If your parents are considering boarding schools, then here are some things to expect at your first week in the boarding school.
Move-in Day
2. It will be a lot of goodbyes and adjustments to a new environment. Everyone's new to the area, scared and worried about making friends. You will usually unpack your bags on this day and spend time walking on campus. You will also have your school ID picture taken and school ID given on this day. 3.
Adjusting to a New Environment
Remember that the first two weeks will be really hard. 4. It will take you a little bit of time to feel at home. The nice thing is that many boarding schools offer tons of fun activities so that students can familiarize themselves with the teachers and campus.
5
Boarding schools can be really helpful if you make the most of your experience. Try to go to all of the activities on campus and take advantage of the clubs. This will make your overall experience more enjoyable.
A. Making Your Life Colorful
B. Making Full Use of Your Campus Life
C. Don't be sad if you don't fit in right away
D. Living at a boarding school helps you grow up
E. This ID will be important for everything you do on campus
F. Be prepared for a lot of feelings on the first day of the boarding school
G. However, it's not that bad to leave your family and go to a boarding school
1. G 解析：前文讲寄宿学校要和家人、朋友甚至宠物分离，后文讲学校提供很多机会，G项“然而，离开家人去寄宿学校并没有那么糟糕”起到承上启下的作用。
2. F 解析：“Move-in Day”部分讲第一天的感受，F项“为寄宿学校第一天的诸多感受做好准备”符合语境。
3. E 解析：前文提到“school ID given on this day”，E项“这个学生证对你在校园里做的所有事情都很重要”承接上文。
4. C 解析：前文讲前两周会很难，C项“如果你不能马上适应，不要难过”给予安慰，符合语境。
5. B 解析：最后一段讲要充分利用校园活动和俱乐部，B项“充分利用你的校园生活”作为小标题合适。必修一UNIT 1 Back to school讲义（下）
词句帮 词汇句式详解
Point 1 exchange
教材语境 P11 Last year, I had the chance to study at a British secondary school as an exchange student. 去年，我有机会作为交换生在英国的一所中学学习。
用法详解
(1) n. [C,U]交换，交流；[U]兑换
常见搭配：
an exchange student 交换生
in exchange (for...) 作为（……的）交换
例句：
When I was a middle school student, I came to China as an exchange student. 当我是一个中学生的时候，我作为交换生来到中国。
Mary is teaching me English in exchange for my teaching her Chinese. 我教玛丽汉语，作为交换，她教我英语。
(2) vt. 交换，交流；交易，兑换；更换
常见搭配：
exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交流/交换某物
exchange...for... 以……换取/兑换……
例句：
We exchanged our opinions with each other on the topics we were interested in the English class. 我们在英语课上就我们感兴趣的话题交换了意见。
You can exchange pounds for dollars here. 你可以在这里把英镑兑换成美元。
巧学妙记 图形助记 exchange 的多种含义：
小试牛刀
1.选出下列句子中 exchange 的英文释义
①Thanks to this exchange programme, an increasing number of foreign students are studying in China. ______
②I usually exchange a few words of greeting with my neighbour after breakfast. ______
③I'd like to exchange this dress for a larger one because this one is too small. ______
A. to say something to someone and then listen to what they say
B. to replace one thing with another
C. an arrangement in which students or teachers visit another school or university to work or study
2.情境写作
(新考向·语境中考查语言运用能力)As ______ (交换生), I've learned a lot about Chinese culture by ______ (和……交流想法) you, and ______ (作为交换) I'm honored to help you improve your spoken English.
Point 2 alarm
教材语境 P11 I like it so much that I still use it as my alarm! 我太喜欢这只钟了，现在还在用它当闹钟呢！
用法详解
(1) n. [C]闹钟(= alarm clock)；警报器；[C, usually sing.]警报；[U]惊恐，惊慌
常见搭配：
set the alarm for +时间 把闹钟定在……时间
a fire/smoke alarm 防火/烟火警报器
set off the alarm 触动警报器
raise/sound the alarm 发出警报
in alarm 惊慌地（常作方式状语）
例句：
Set the alarm for 6 o'clock, or you will be late for the train tomorrow. 把闹钟定在6点钟，否则你明天会误了火车。
Everyone ran out of the building when the fire alarm sounded. 火警响起时，所有人都从大楼里跑了出来。
All of a sudden, a loud noise came from downstairs, making Ellie cry out in alarm. 楼下突然传来一声巨响，使埃利惊慌地大叫起来。
(2) vt. 使担心，使害怕，使惊恐
例句：Sue's high temperature greatly alarmed the doctors. 苏体温很高，这使医生很担心。
归纳拓展 相关词语积累：
(1) alarming adj. 使人惊恐的，令人惊慌的（表示事或物的性质）
(2) alarmed adj. 担心的，害怕的（表示人自身的感受）
搭配：
be/feel alarmed by/at sth. 因某事而担心/害怕
be/feel alarmed to hear/see/find/discover... 惊讶地听到/看到/发现……
小试牛刀
1.判断下列句子中 alarm 的词性及含义
①The moment my alarm clock rang, I jumped out of the bed, got dressed as quickly as I could and rushed downstairs to catch the school bus. ______
②His car alarm had been ringing for two days and as a result, the battery was flat. ______
③The rapid spread of the disease has alarmed many people at that time. ______
2.用 alarm 的适当形式填空
(2024·福建福州期末)Like many people, Stimpson, who is nearly 80, has been ______ to see an ______ loss of wildlife in his lifetime.
3.单句写作
当猫出现的时候，鸟惊慌地飞走了。
Point 3 contribution
教材语境 P11 ... but I could not make a great contribution... ……可是我做不了多大的贡献……
用法详解
(1) n. [C,usually sing.]贡献
常见搭配：make a contribution to... 对……做出贡献（to 为介词，后跟名词、代词或动词-ing 形式）
例句：I admire Qian Xuesen a lot because he made a great contribution to China. 我很敬佩钱学森，因为他为中国做出了巨大贡献。
(2) n. [C]捐款，捐资；稿件，文稿；[U]捐献，捐助
常见搭配：make a contribution to... 向……捐款
例句：
The businessman makes a contribution to the Red Cross every year. 这个商人每年都给红十字会捐款。
All the money has been raised by voluntary contribution. 所有这些钱都是靠自愿捐献筹集的。
All contributions for the next issue must be received by Friday. 所有要在下一期发表的稿件必须在星期五以前寄到。（应用文写作之征稿函）
小试牛刀
1.判断下列句子中 contribution 的含义
①Tu Youyou was awarded(奖励) the Nobel Prize for her contribution to the fight against malaria. ______
②His company made a very large contribution to the flood-stricken area. ______
2.完成句子
Su Shi not only had a great gift for poetry, but also ______ (对……做出巨大贡献) other fields, such as painting and calligraphy.
Point 4 attract
教材语境 P12 The one that attracted me most was the Rugby Club. 最吸引我的是橄榄球俱乐部。
用法详解 attract vt. 吸引；招引；引起（反应）
常见搭配：
attract...to... 引起……对……的兴趣
be attracted by... 被……吸引
attract sb.'s attention/interest 引起某人的注意/兴趣
例句：
It's partly true that Dickens' style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. 在一定程度上，狄更斯的写作风格确实吸引了来自各行各业的读者。（链高考|浙江）
What attracted me most to the job was the chance to travel around the world. 这份工作最吸引我的地方是有机会环球旅行。
The teacher uses some interesting questions from time to time to attract the students' attention. 这位老师不时地用一些有趣的问题来吸引学生的注意力。
联想串记 相关词语积累：
attractive adj. 有吸引力的；吸引人的 → be attractive to... 对……有吸引力
attract vt. 吸引 → attraction n. [U,sing.]吸引，爱慕；[C]有吸引力的事，向往的地方；[C,U]有吸引力的特征（或品质、人） → 搭配：have no attraction for sb. 对某人不具有吸引力；tourist attractions 旅游景点
语境串记 In Beijing, there are many tourist attractions, like the Great Wall, the Temple of Heaven and Tian'anmen Square. But what attracts me most is the Great Wall, which is also attractive to foreigners. More and more foreigners are attracted by its beauty and come to China. 北京有许多旅游胜地，比如长城、天坛以及天安门广场。但是最吸引我的是长城，它对外国人来说也很有吸引力。越来越多的外国人被它的美吸引而来到中国。
小试牛刀
语法填空
1.(新考向·语境中考查语言运用能力)As one of the most ______ places, Mount Wuyi ______ millions of tourists each year, and one of its most famous tourist ______ is the Nine-Bend River. (attract)
2.When you come to Zhangjiajie, you will be completely attracted ______ the natural scenery.
3.Known as one of the four great ancient civilizations, China is attractive ______ many foreigners.
Point 5 动词不定式作后置定语修饰抽象名词
教材语境 P11-12 ①Last year, I had the chance to study at a British secondary school as an exchange student. 去年，我有机会作为交换生在英国的一所中学学习。
②Joining clubs was a great way to meet British students and make friends with them. 加入俱乐部是与英国学生相识、交友的好方法。
③I am glad to have the opportunity to experience this different way of life. 我很高兴有机会体验这种不同的生活方式。
用法详解 英语中，一些抽象名词后常接动词不定式作后置定语，常见的此类名词有 ability、courage、right、chance、opportunity、way、time 等。
例句：
The next meeting will be held in two weeks, so you still have time to read the book. 下次会议两周后举行，所以你还有时间读这本书。
It's an opportunity to make the Chinese culture better known to international students. 这是一个让国际学生更好地了解中国文化的机会。（链高考|江苏）
小试牛刀
语法填空
1.We all have challenges, but the key is to have the courage ______ (face) what's bad about them and still find what's good.
2.(2024·浙江1月)Painful experiences play a key role in helping us develop our ability ______ (feel) truly happy.
Point 6 替代词的用法
教材语境 P11 ①The classes are different from those in China. 英国的课堂与中国的不同。
教材语境 P12 ②After school, there were many clubs to join. The one that attracted me most was the Rugby Club. 放学后，有许多俱乐部可以参加。最吸引我的是橄榄球俱乐部。
句式剖析 在句①中，those 替代可数名词复数 the classes；在句②中，The one 替代的是可数名词单数 club。
用法详解 在英语中，为了避免重复，常用一些替代词替代前面出现过的名词。常见的替代词有：one、ones、the one、the ones、that 和 those。具体用法如下：
替代词 用法 例句
one 泛指；代替前面出现过的可数名词的单数，相当于"a/an +可数名词单数"。 I hope there are enough gifts for each guest to have one. 我希望有足够多的礼物，每一位嘉宾都能收到一份。（指代 gift）
ones 泛指；代替前面出现过的可数名词复数。 There are many books in this shop. Would you recommend some good ones 这家商店里有很多书，你能推荐一些不错的吗？（指代 books）
the one 特指；代替前面出现过的可数名词的单数，相当于"the +可数名词单数"，后面常有定语修饰。 The blonde girl I saw was older than the one you were dancing with. 我看到的那个金发女孩比和你一起跳舞的那个女孩年纪要大一些。（指代 the girl）
the ones 特指；代替前面出现过的可数名词复数，相当于"the +可数名词复数"。 The teacher gave apples to all the pupils except the ones who had already taken them. 老师把苹果给了所有学生，除了那些已经拿到了苹果的学生。（指代 the pupils）
that 特指；代替不可数名词或者可数名词单数，通常只指物，不指人，相当于"the +不可数名词/可数名词单数"。that 后通常有定语修饰。 The population of Japan is much smaller than that of China. 日本的人口要比中国的少得多。（指代 the population）
those 特指；代替可数名词复数或集合名词，通常指物，有时也可指人，相当于"the +可数名词复数"。those 后通常有定语修饰。 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. 研究发现，早起锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的人睡得好。（链高考
小试牛刀
选词填空: one/ones/the one/the ones/that/those
1.(浙江高考)In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from ______ in the UK.
2.(天津高考)At our factory there are a few machines similar to ______ described in this magazine.
3.(新高考Ⅰ卷)So, don't stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it's a truly serious ______.
4.(浙江1月高考)Of all the stories of my early childhood, ______ about a tree is my mother's favorite.
5.Some bad habits, if not controlled, could lead to more serious ______ when teenagers become adults.
Point 7 "so...that..."结构
教材语境 P11 I like it so much that I still use it as my alarm! 我太喜欢这只钟了，现在还在用它当闹钟呢！
用法详解 "so...that..."结构表示"如此……以至于……"，引导结果状语从句时，so 后通常接形容词或副词，其具体用法如下：
so + \begin{cases}
例句：
Wang Peng is so crazy about football that he spends nearly all of his spare time playing football. 王鹏对足球非常痴迷，几乎所有的空闲时间都用来踢足球了。
The little girl speaks English so fluently that many people think she is a native of England. 这个小女孩英语说得非常流利，很多人认为她是一个土生土长的英国人。
Mount Huangshan is so well-known a tourist attraction that millions of people visit it every year. 黄山是一个非常著名的旅游胜地，每年都有数百万人参观它。（应用文写作之推荐旅游景点）
There were so many customers that the cook was busy. 顾客如此之多，厨师很忙碌。
We had so little time that we couldn't finish the work on time. 我们的时间太少了，因此我们不能按时完成那项工作。
归纳拓展 相关知识积累：
"such...that..."也表示"如此……以至于……"，但 such 修饰名词，其具体用法为：
such + \begin{cases}
例句：
It is such a heavy box that I can't lift it. ( = It is so heavy a box that I can't lift it. ) 箱子太重，我提不起来。
He made such rapid progress that he was praised by his teacher. 他进步非常快，老师表扬了他。
巧学妙记 巧记 so 和 such 的用法区别：
名前 such，形副 so；
多多少少（many/much/few/little）也用 so；
little 一词特殊记，"小"用 such，"少"用 so。
小试牛刀
1.选词填空: so/such
①It is ______ a wet city that the trees there are tall, some measuring over 9 meters.
②(江苏高考)It is ______ cold that you can't go outside unless fully covered in thick clothes.
③ It's ______ good weather that I would like to have a walk in the park.
④(浙江高考) Pahlsson screamed(高声喊) ______ loudly that her daughter came running from the house.
2.完成句子
起初我有些紧张，但每个人都那么亲切、友好，我很快就不担心了。
I was a little nervous at first, but everyone was ______ I soon stopped worrying. (读后续写之心理活动描写)
Point 8 动词-ing 的复合结构作宾语
教材语境 P12 I still have photos of myself acting in William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream. 我至今还留着自己参演威廉·莎士比亚的《仲夏夜之梦》时的剧照。
用法详解
(1) 动词-ing 前边可以加上一个逻辑主语，动词-ing 同其逻辑主语构成动词-ing 复合结构。
(2) 动词-ing 形式作宾语时，逻辑主语常用形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、名词通格或人称代词宾格。
一般主动式(doing)；一般被动式(being done)；完成主动式(having done)；完成被动式(having been done)
例句：
Feeling hot, she asked, "Do you mind my/me opening the window " 她觉得很热，就问："你介意我打开窗户吗？"
I'm amazed at Tim's/Tim suddenly becoming a polite boy. 让我吃惊的是，蒂姆突然变成了一个懂礼貌的男孩。
小试牛刀
用动词-ing 的复合结构作宾语完成句子
1.你还记得她的母亲去年来看过我们吗？
Do you still remember ______ last year
2.詹妮并不介意她的书被别的学生用。
Jenny doesn't mind ______ by other students.
课后练习
A 基础练|知识巩固
建议时间:10分钟
Ⅰ 单词拼写(用本部分所学单词)
1 Now her eyes shine and a broad smile spreads across her face, though she has just experienced a t______ time.
2 I'm a new s______ school student. My new school life is very exciting.
3 It was the first time that I had spent Spring Festival in China with my h______ family.
4 I was late, but ______(幸运的是)the meeting hadn't started.
5 (新高考Ⅰ卷)Many museums are lively places and they ______(吸引) a lot of visitors.
Ⅱ 词形转换
1 ______n. 恐慌；警报；警报器 vt. 使惊恐，使害怕—______adj. 使人惊恐的，令人惊慌的—______adj. 担心，害怕
2 fortunate adj.—______adj. 不幸的—______adv. 幸运地，幸亏—______adv. 不幸地
3 ______vt. 吸引；招引；引起(反应)—______adj. 有吸引力的，吸引人的—______n. 吸引；有吸引力的事
Ⅲ 语法填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1 Before graduation, students exchange presents ______ each other.
2 Fan Jinshi has made great contributions ______ protecting cultural relics(遗迹) in the Mogao Caves.
3 Qingdao is an ______(attract) city located on the eastern coast of China.
4 The temperature now is higher than ______ of 100 years ago because of more and more greenhouse gases.
5 This morning the cat knocked over a vase suddenly, and we woke ______ alarm.
Ⅳ 完成句子
1 有些人花时间在网上给朋友发短信，却忽略正坐在他们面前的朋友。
Some people spend time texting friends online, but they ignore ______.
2 故乡变化如此之大，我几乎认不出来它了。
My hometown has changed ______ I can hardly recognize it. (so...that...)
3 我真的很感激你这么快回电话。
I really appreciate ______ so soon. (动词-ing 短语的复合结构作宾语)
4 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。
______ is as important as the idea itself. (动词不定式作后置定语修饰抽象名词)
B 综合练|能力提升
建议时间:15分钟
Ⅰ 课文语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last year, I had the chance to study at a British secondary school as 1 exchange student. Every secondary school student in the UK must study English, Maths and the Science subjects: Biology, Chemistry and Physics. They can also choose 2 (study) other subjects, such as History, Art and Business. I enjoyed most of the classes, but some of them were quite 3 (challenge). Technology classes were fun. I 4 (make) a clock to take home. The teacher helped me put the parts together. I like it so much that I still use it as my alarm! There 5 (be) not as much homework as I was used to but it was still challenging. 6 (fortunate), my teachers and classmates were always helpful and gave me 7 (encourage). My language skills improved 8 time. After school, there were many clubs to join. The one 9 attracted me most was the Rugby Club. Also, I enjoyed acting in the Theatre Club. 10 (join) clubs was a great way to meet British students and make friends with them.
Ⅱ 阅读理解七选五
(语篇类型:说明文 主题语境:人与自我——寄宿学校)
Going away to a boarding school is a lot like going away to college. You have to say goodbye to your parents, your friends and worst of all, your beloved best friend—your dog. 1. The school actually offers a lot of opportunities for success, and prepare you for the fast-paced curriculum(课程) of college. If your parents are considering boarding schools, then here are some things to expect at your first week in the boarding school.
Move-in Day
2. It will be a lot of goodbyes and adjustments to a new environment. Everyone's new to the area, scared and worried about making friends. You will usually unpack your bags on this day and spend time walking on campus. You will also have your school ID picture taken and school ID given on this day. 3.
Adjusting to a New Environment
Remember that the first two weeks will be really hard. 4. It will take you a little bit of time to feel at home. The nice thing is that many boarding schools offer tons of fun activities so that students can familiarize themselves with the teachers and campus.
5
Boarding schools can be really helpful if you make the most of your experience. Try to go to all of the activities on campus and take advantage of the clubs. This will make your overall experience more enjoyable.
A. Making Your Life Colorful
B. Making Full Use of Your Campus Life
C. Don't be sad if you don't fit in right away
D. Living at a boarding school helps you grow up
E. This ID will be important for everything you do on campus
F. Be prepared for a lot of feelings on the first day of the boarding school
G. However, it's not that bad to leave your family and go to a boarding school
