人与自然：2020年山东海南两省联考完形填空导学案（教师版）
凌珊 东方明珠
试题来源 语篇类型 主题语境 题材
2020年山东海南两省联考 记叙文 人与自然—生态保护 环境保护与个人牺牲
一、语篇主题与核心思想 本文以第一人称叙述环保活动家Miranda Gibson为保护森林，栖身树顶五个月的经历。主题围绕“环境保护与个人牺牲”，展现主人公在孤独与挑战中坚守信念的精神，体现新课标“人与自然—生态保护”的语境要求。 语篇结构分析 段落内容划分核心事件 / 观点第1段引言开篇点题，引出“我”栖身树顶五个月的非常规行为，引发读者疑问。第2段背景与动机解释栖身树顶的原因：森林遭破坏，无法忍受其永久消失，放弃工作爬上树顶。第3段树顶生活的挑战描述树顶生活的艰难（孤独、沮丧）与偶尔的自我安慰。第4段信念与希望表达坚守的决心，同时渴望早日回归地面，见证森林永存。
结构特点： 倒叙+心理描写：以“现状→原因→感受→展望”展开，通过时间线索（“five months”→“December 12, 2011”→“ever since”）强化叙事逻辑。 情感递进：从“frustrated”到“inspiring”，体现主人公心理成长。 三、语言与逻辑分析 1. 词汇选择与情感色彩 .动词链体现行为转变：
walked through → couldn’t bear → packed up → climbed → have been，展现行为动机的连贯性。 情感词强化对比： 消极：frustrated, lonely, destruction（困境与痛苦）； 积极：inspiring, willing, hope（信念与坚持）,通过情感反差突出主题。 逻辑衔接手段 因果关系：so（第2段）连接森林破坏与爬上树顶的决定； 转折关系：but（隐含在情感对比中）突出心理矛盾； 指代衔接：these forests（指代前文遭破坏的森林），here（指代树顶） 四、题型与考点分析 1. 设题维度 语境理解（60%）：如1题why（需结合首段“wonder”与后文动机）； 情感态度（30%）：如9题lonely（需捕捉“miss friends and family”的孤独感）； 固定搭配（10%）：如5题let go（放弃工作）。 2. 干扰项设计特点 近义动作混淆：如7题get away（逃离）与干扰项give up（放弃）； 常识误导：如2题machinery（正确项）与干扰项tourists（游客破坏森林非常规）； 情感矛盾：如6题干扰项refreshing（与后文“frustrated”冲突）。 五、文化与教育内涵 环保价值观：通过个人牺牲呼吁生态保护，契合“人与自然和谐共生”的课标要求； 坚韧品质：主人公在孤独中坚守，体现“责任与毅力”的德育目标。
Task 1: Read based on discourse analysis
1. Finish the chart below with the clues.
Semantic field语义场: ①Context 语境 ②Repetition 复现 ③Synonym 同义词
④Hyponym 上下义 ⑤Antonym 反义词
Logical relation逻辑关系: ⑥Progressive relation递进关系 ⑦Adversative relation 转折关系 ⑧Explanation 解释说明 ⑨Causal relation 因果关系
Choices Answer Clue
1 A. why B.when C.how D. where A ⑨因果关系
2 A. water B.animals C.machinery D. tourists C ①语境复现
3 A. bear B.help C.keep D. spare A ③同义复现
4 A. sold B.stolen C.protected D. lost D ④上下义
5 A. grew out B.fell short C.ran out D. let go D ⑤反义对比
6 A. refreshing B.risky C.challenging D. rewarding C ⑥递进关系
7 A. get up B.get away C.give in D. give up B ③同义复现
8 A. change B.look C.search D. touch A ①语境复现
9 A. confused B.nervous C.sorry D. lonely D ⑨因果关系
10 A. Beyond B.Without C.Despite D. Unlike C ⑦转折关系
11 A. height B.experience C.background D. position B ④上下义
12 A. return B.stop C.stay D. hide C ①语境复现
13 A. but B.though C.because D. so A ⑦转折关系
14 A. soon B.long C.near D. bad B ⑤反义对比
15 A. moved B.logged C.burned D. missed B ③同义复现
2. Read the passage and finish the exercises below.
(1) What’s the main idea of the story
The main idea of the story is that Miranda Gibson sacrifices her normal life to live in a tree for months, enduring hardship to protest against forest destruction and advocate for permanent protection of the wilderness.
(2) Complete the structure of the passage.
Sequence(time or stage) Events Emotions
Inspiration Witnessed the machinery destroying the forest she loved. Shocked, Devastated
Decision & Action Gave up her job and daily life to climb and live at a top of 60-meter tree in protest. Determined, Resolute
Struggle Endured frustration from monotony and terrible loneliness from missing friends and family. Frustrated, Lonely
Perseverance Found a way to love the experience despite the hardships, deciding to stay as long as necessary. Committed, Inspired
Hope & Resolution Expressed a heartfelt hope to eventually stand in a forest that is permanently protected from logging. Hopeful, Resolute, Accepting
Task 2: Practice based on language features
Translate the underlined part of the story with the useful expressions.
Paragraph 1 (背景与冲突，85词):
米兰达·吉布森已在参天大树顶端生活了五个月，她的目光扫过森林与天空相接的地平线。【独立主格结构，环境描写】脚下曾经静谧的树林，如今回荡着机械的轰鸣，那些金属爪牙撕扯百年古树如同撕裂纸张。【明喻+独立主格结构，冲突描写】她攥紧树枝，松鼠曾在这片树冠间跳跃的记忆闪过脑海。【名词短语+现在分词，回忆闪回】想到这片生态系统将永远消失，她无法忍受，最终做出了人生中最艰难的决定。【现在分词作结果状语，行动动机】
Miranda Gibson had been living atop a towering tree for five months,her eyes scanning the horizon where the forest met the sky. Below her, the once tranquil woods now echoed with the deafening roar of machinery, their metal claws tearing through centuries-old trees like paper. She tightened her grip on the branches, the memory of squirrels darting through these very treetops flashing through her mind. The thought of losing this ecosystem forever was unbearable, pushing her to make the most difficult decision of her life.
Paragraph 2 (情感与决心，79词):
高空生活是一场战斗。孤独如夜雾般悄然蔓延，缠绕心头令人窒息。【明喻+拟人，情感描写】在难熬的夜晚，她会将泛黄的全家福紧贴胸口，照片里的笑容在月光下微微发亮。
【细节描写+独立主格结构，情感烘托】但黎明来临，鸟鸣声总会提醒她坚守的意义——每个音符都是新生的承诺。【隐喻+破折号解释，主题升华】 "等树木安全了，他们会理解的，"她轻语道，望着晨光染上树梢。
Life at this height was a battle. Loneliness would creep in like evening mist, wrapping around her heart until she struggled to breathe. On particularly hard nights, she'd press weathered photographs of her family against her chest, their smiles glowing faintly in the moonlight . Yet when dawn came, the chorus of birdsong would remind her why she stayed—each note a promise of renewal. "They'll understand when the trees are safe," she whispered, watching the first light touch the canopy.人与自然：2020年山东海南两省联考完形填空导学案（学生版）
2020年山东海南两省联考
Task 1: Read based on discourse analysis
① My name is Miranda Gibson. I have been at the top of a tree for five months now. Some people might wonder 1 on earth I would choose to do that.
② I have walked through this forest many times. On December 12, 2011, 2 rolled into the forest and the destruction (摧毁) began. I couldn’t 3 the thought that these forests would be 4 forever. So, on December 14, 2011, I packed up my life, 5 of my job plans, and climbed 60 meters to the top of this tree. I have been here ever since.
③ Life in the tree top can be 6 at times. I have times when I feel frustrated (沮丧的) and wish I could 7 , to anywhere, just have a 8 of scenery for a minute! There are times too, when I feel terribly 9 .I miss my friends and family. 10 these times, I find myself loving the 11 .
④ Living on the tree has been inspiring. I am willing to 12 here for as long as it takes, 13 I honestly hope it won’t be too 14 before I can put my feet on the ground below and stand in a forest that will never be 15 .
1. Finish the chart below with the clues.
Semantic field语义场: ①Context 语境 ②Repetition 复现 ③Synonym 同义词
④Hyponym 上下义 ⑤Antonym 反义词
Logical relation逻辑关系: ⑥Progressive relation递进关系 ⑦Adversative relation 转折关系 ⑧Explanation 解释说明 ⑨Causal relation 因果关系
Choices Answer Clue
1 A. why B.when C.how D. where
2 A. water B.animals C.machinery D. tourists
3 A. bear B.help C.keep D. spare
4 A. sold B.stolen C.protected D. lost
5 A. grew out B.fell short C.ran out D. let go
6 A. refreshing B.risky C.challenging D. rewarding
7 A. get up B.get away C.give in D. give up
8 A. change B.look C.search D. touch
9 A. confused B.nervous C.sorry D. lonely
10 A. Beyond B.Without C.Despite D. Unlike
11 A. height B.experience C.background D. position
12 A. return B.stop C.stay D. hide
13 A. but B.though C.because D. so
14 A. soon B.long C.near D. bad
15 A. moved B.logged C.burned D. missed
2. Read the passage and finish the exercises below.
(1) What’s the main idea of the story
The main idea of the story is that Miranda Gibson sacrifices her normal life____________, enduring hardship to ___________________________________________________________
(2) Complete the structure of the passage.
Sequence(time or stage) Events Emotions
Inspiration Witnessed the machinery__________the forest she loved. Shocked, Devastated
Decision & Action __________ her job and daily life to __________at a top of 60-meter tree in protest. __________
Struggle Endured frustration from monotony and terrible __________ from missing friends and family. __________
Perseverance Found a way to __________ despite the hardships, deciding to stay as long as necessary. Committed, Inspired
Hope & Resolution Expressed a heartfelt__________ to eventually stand in a forest that is permanently protected from logging. __________
Task 2: Practice based on language features
Translate the underlined part of the story with the useful expressions.
Paragraph 1 (背景与冲突，85词):
米兰达·吉布森已在参天大树顶端生活了五个月，_________________________【独立主格结构，环境描写】脚下曾经静谧的树林，如今回荡着机械的轰鸣，_____________________________【明喻+独立主格结构，冲突描写】她攥紧树枝，______________________【名词短语+现在分词，回忆闪回】想到这片生态系统将永远消失，她无法忍受，_______________________________【现在分词作结果状语，行动动机】
Miranda Gibson had been living atop a towering tree for five months,_______________________________________Below her, the once tranquil woods now echoed with the deafening roar of machinery, ________________________________She tightened her grip on the branches, ______________________________________________The thought of losing this ecosystem forever was unbearable,_______________________________
Paragraph 2 (情感与决心，79词):
高空生活是一场战斗。__________________________________【明喻+拟人，情感描写】在难熬的夜晚___________________________________【细节描写+独立主格结构，情感烘托】但黎明来临，________________________________________________【隐喻+破折号解释，主题升华】 "等树木安全了，他们会理解的，"她轻语道，望着晨光染上树梢。
Life at this height was a battle.________________________________________________
On particularly hard nights,____________________________________________________
Yet when dawn came, ________________________________________________________
"They'll understand when the trees are safe," she whispered, watching the first light touch the canopy.
